CN109781385B - Device and method for researching water flow characteristics of countercurrent packing forming piece - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种用于研究冷却塔的水流特性的装置，尤其是一种用于研究逆流填料成型片水流特性的装置及方法。The invention relates to a device for studying the water flow characteristics of a cooling tower, in particular to a device and method for studying the water flow characteristics of a countercurrent filler forming sheet.
背景技术Background technique
冷却塔是利用水与空气的蒸发与传热来冷却循环水以排放工艺系统废热的装置。膜片式填料是冷却塔的核心部件，其作用是将热水在其表面分布成流动的水膜，以增加水和空气的接触面积和接触时间，即增加水和空气的热交换强度。A cooling tower is a device that uses the evaporation and heat transfer of water and air to cool circulating water and discharge waste heat from the process system. Diaphragm filler is the core component of a cooling tower. Its function is to distribute hot water on its surface into a flowing water film to increase the contact area and contact time between water and air, that is, to increase the heat exchange intensity between water and air.
按填料上水与空气的流向不同分为逆流填料和横流填料。单张的逆流填料称为成型片，在一定的水流量和风量条件下，水在成型片上流动的扩散性越好，停留时间越长，水与空气的接触就越充分，所以水流的扩散角和在单位高度内的停留时间是逆流填料成型片水流特性的两个指标，可以表征成型片的散热能力，其大小与成型片的波形及表面亲疏水性等相关。According to the different flow directions of water and air on the filler, it is divided into countercurrent filler and crosscurrent filler. A single countercurrent filler is called a forming sheet. Under certain water flow and air volume conditions, the better the diffusion of water on the forming sheet, the longer the residence time, and the more complete the contact between water and air. Therefore, the diffusion angle of water flow and the residence time per unit height are two indicators of the water flow characteristics of the countercurrent filler forming sheet, which can characterize the heat dissipation capacity of the forming sheet. Its size is related to the waveform of the forming sheet and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface.
对逆流填料成型片来说，水流方向自上而下，气流方向自下而上，所以定义竖直方向为填料的高度方向，顺着成型片表面的水平方向为填料的宽度方向，垂直于成型片表面的水平方向为填料的波高方向，一般单张逆流填料成型片的高度为0.5～2m，宽度为1～1.5m，波高为16～40mm。For the countercurrent filler forming sheet, the water flow direction is from top to bottom and the air flow direction is from bottom to top, so the vertical direction is defined as the height direction of the filler, the horizontal direction along the surface of the forming sheet is the width direction of the filler, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the surface of the forming sheet is the wave height direction of the filler. Generally, the height of a single countercurrent filler forming sheet is 0.5 to 2m, the width is 1 to 1.5m, and the wave height is 16 to 40mm.
为了研究逆流填料成型片的水流特性，需要一种用于研究液膜在逆流填料成型片上水流扩散角及停留时间的实验装置和实验方法。In order to study the water flow characteristics of the counter-current filler forming sheet, an experimental device and an experimental method for studying the water flow diffusion angle and residence time of the liquid film on the counter-current filler forming sheet are needed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明是要提供一种用于研究逆流填料成型片水流特性的装置及方法，将单张逆流填料成型片处在不同的水流量和风速条件下，通过拍摄示踪剂在逆流填料成型片单侧表面的扩散角以及记录示踪剂从实验腔观察面的注入孔流过一定距离所需的时间，来预判填料成型片换热性能的优劣。The present invention aims to provide a device and method for studying the water flow characteristics of a countercurrent filler forming sheet. A single countercurrent filler forming sheet is placed under different water flow and wind speed conditions, and the heat exchange performance of the filler forming sheet is predicted by photographing the diffusion angle of the tracer on the single side surface of the countercurrent filler forming sheet and recording the time required for the tracer to flow a certain distance from the injection hole on the observation surface of the experimental chamber.
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是:一种用于研究逆流填料成型片水流特性的装置，由风机、均压腔、实验腔、集水槽、布水槽、水泵、水流量调节阀、水流量计、水管路、及实验台支架组成，所述实验腔由底板和透明有机玻璃的面板构成，呈窄长形，所述实验腔上端面与均压腔连接并连通、下端面敞开，并通过两块挡水沿定位在实验台支架上，两侧面用两块封板封闭；两块挡水沿下面设有集水槽，两块挡水沿的下沿与集水槽的上沿间具有间距，形成四面进风口；所述布水槽设置在实验腔的底板的背面，所述底板上边沿以下处设有水平溢流槽孔，所述布水槽与实验腔通过水平溢流槽孔相连通，所述布水槽内还贯穿有一根均布小孔的布水管，布水管上均布有小孔，所述水泵的进水口与集水槽连接并连通，水泵的出水口经调节阀和水流量计后通过水管路从布水槽的侧面连接并连通到布水槽内的布水管上；所述面板的上部水平布置有多个示踪剂注入孔；所述均压腔的下颈部设有多个可关闭的风速测量口。To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a device for studying the water flow characteristics of countercurrent filler forming sheets, which is composed of a fan, a pressure equalizing chamber, an experimental chamber, a water collecting tank, a water distribution tank, a water pump, a water flow regulating valve, a water flow meter, a water pipeline, and a laboratory table bracket. The experimental chamber is composed of a bottom plate and a transparent organic glass panel, and is narrow and long. The upper end face of the experimental chamber is connected and communicated with the pressure equalizing chamber, and the lower end face is open, and is positioned on the laboratory table bracket through two water retaining edges, and the two side faces are closed with two sealing plates; a water collecting tank is arranged under the two water retaining edges, and there is a spacing between the lower edges of the two water retaining edges and the upper edges of the water collecting tank, forming a water collecting tank. The water distribution trough is arranged on the back of the bottom plate of the experimental chamber, and a horizontal overflow slot hole is arranged below the upper edge of the bottom plate. The water distribution trough is connected with the experimental chamber through the horizontal overflow slot hole. A water distribution pipe with evenly distributed small holes is also passed through the water distribution trough, and the water distribution pipe is evenly distributed with small holes. The water inlet of the water pump is connected and communicated with the water collecting trough, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected and communicated to the water distribution pipe in the water distribution trough from the side of the water distribution trough through a water pipeline after passing through a regulating valve and a water flow meter; a plurality of tracer injection holes are horizontally arranged on the upper part of the panel; a plurality of closable wind speed measurement ports are arranged at the lower neck of the pressure equalizing chamber.
进一步，所述两块挡水沿的下沿与集水槽的上沿之间的间距为20～30cm。Furthermore, the distance between the lower edges of the two water retaining edges and the upper edge of the water collecting trough is 20 to 30 cm.
进一步，所述实验腔的底板上固定被测的逆流填料成型片，逆流填料成型片的上边沿比底板上边低40～50cm，左右相对于实验腔居中，且不与有机玻璃面板接触。Furthermore, the countercurrent filler forming sheet to be tested is fixed on the bottom plate of the experimental chamber, the upper edge of the countercurrent filler forming sheet is 40 to 50 cm lower than the upper edge of the bottom plate, centered relative to the experimental chamber, and not in contact with the organic glass panel.
进一步，所述实验腔的大小为逆流填料成型片最大尺寸的1.2～1.5倍；所述底板和面板的间距根据成型片的波高可调，且底板和面板的间距比被测的逆流填料成型片的波高大3～5mm。Furthermore, the size of the experimental chamber is 1.2 to 1.5 times the maximum size of the countercurrent filler forming sheet; the spacing between the bottom plate and the panel is adjustable according to the wave height of the forming sheet, and the spacing between the bottom plate and the panel is 3 to 5 mm larger than the wave height of the countercurrent filler forming sheet being tested.
进一步，所述布水槽为封闭的空腔结构，所述布水槽的上端面设有可以打开的端盖，以便更换调整纱布和封闭不在被测填料成型片宽度范围内的水平溢流槽孔。Furthermore, the water distribution trough is a closed cavity structure, and an openable end cover is provided on the upper end surface of the water distribution trough to replace and adjust the gauze and close the horizontal overflow slot holes that are not within the width range of the filler forming sheet to be tested.
进一步，所述水平溢流槽孔设置在底板上边沿以下15～20cm处，所述水平溢流槽孔高为4～5mm，并与布水槽的内部等宽。Furthermore, the horizontal overflow slot hole is arranged 15 to 20 cm below the upper edge of the bottom plate, the height of the horizontal overflow slot hole is 4 to 5 mm, and the width is the same as the inner part of the water distribution tank.
进一步，所述布水管上包裹纱布，纱布的自由端穿过水平溢流槽孔伸到被测的逆流填料填料成型片测试表面的上端，纱布与被测的逆流填料填料成型片等宽，使水流能够均匀地分布到被测填料成型片的该侧表面。Furthermore, the water distribution pipe is wrapped with gauze, and the free end of the gauze passes through the horizontal overflow slot hole and extends to the upper end of the test surface of the countercurrent filler molding sheet to be tested. The gauze is the same width as the countercurrent filler molding sheet to be tested, so that the water flow can be evenly distributed to the side surface of the tested filler molding sheet.
进一步，所述布水管上均布2～3mm的小孔，小孔的中心距2～3cm。Furthermore, small holes with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm are evenly distributed on the water distribution pipe, and the center distance of the small holes is 2 to 3 cm.
进一步，所述面板的上部水平布置有至少三个示踪剂注入孔，其水平位置在被测的逆流填料填料成型片的上边沿以下5cm的位置上，直径为1～2mm。Furthermore, at least three tracer injection holes are horizontally arranged on the upper part of the panel, and their horizontal positions are 5 cm below the upper edge of the countercurrent filler forming sheet to be measured, and their diameters are 1 to 2 mm.
一种采用用于研究逆流填料成型片水流特性的装置的实验方法，其步骤为：首先，将被测的逆流填料成型片固定在实验腔的底板上，调节水流量调节阀，读取水流量计的示数，按式(1)使逆流填料填料成型片单侧表面所对应的水流量控制在实验工况的淋水密度下：An experimental method using a device for studying the water flow characteristics of a countercurrent filler forming sheet, the steps of which are as follows: first, the countercurrent filler forming sheet to be tested is fixed on the bottom plate of the experimental chamber, the water flow regulating valve is adjusted, the indication of the water flow meter is read, and the water flow corresponding to the single-side surface of the countercurrent filler forming sheet is controlled at the water density of the experimental working condition according to formula (1):
式中，Q表示水的流量，m3/h；a表示逆流填料成型片的宽度，m；b表示逆流填料成型片的波高，m；ρ表示冷却塔的淋水密度，(m3/h/)m2；然后，调节风机的电机频率，用风速仪在均压腔上的风速测量口多点等间距测量风速，计算测量值的平均值，使其达到工况设定的平均风速；再用注射器吸取定量的示踪剂，要求示踪剂密度和清水密度基本一致，且短期不溶于水，并通过示踪剂注入孔垂直于底板的方向注射到逆流填料填料成型片表面，同时拍摄记录示踪剂的扩散过程和所对应的时刻；最后通过图像处理，即可测得水流的扩散角和在单位高度内的停留时间。Wherein, Q represents the water flow rate, m 3 /h; a represents the width of the countercurrent filler forming sheet, m; b represents the wave height of the countercurrent filler forming sheet, m; ρ represents the water density of the cooling tower, (m 3 /h/)m 2 ; then, adjust the motor frequency of the fan, use the anemometer to measure the wind speed at multiple points with equal spacing at the wind speed measuring port on the pressure equalization chamber, calculate the average value of the measured values, and make it reach the average wind speed set for the working condition; then use a syringe to absorb a certain amount of tracer, requiring the tracer density to be basically consistent with the density of clean water and insoluble in water in the short term, and inject it into the surface of the countercurrent filler forming sheet through the tracer injection hole perpendicular to the bottom plate, and at the same time record the diffusion process of the tracer and the corresponding time; finally, through image processing, the diffusion angle of the water flow and the residence time within the unit height can be measured.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明选择从水在逆流填料成型片表面流动的扩散角和水膜停留时间预判填料的散热性能，实验成本低，操作简便，快速有效，可用于逆流填料初期开发的比对，能够大大缩短开发时间和节省开发费用。The present invention predicts the heat dissipation performance of the filler from the diffusion angle of water flowing on the surface of the countercurrent filler forming sheet and the water film residence time. The experiment has low cost, simple operation, rapidity and effectiveness, and can be used for comparison in the early stage of countercurrent filler development, which can greatly shorten the development time and save development costs.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的用于研究逆流填料成型片水流特性的装置结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for studying the water flow characteristics of the countercurrent filler forming sheet of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1所示，一种用于研究逆流填料成型片水流特性的装置，主要由风机8(带调速器)、均压腔7、实验腔5、集水槽19、布水槽6、水泵1、水流量调节阀2、水流量计3、水管路4、及实验台支架17组成。另用风速仪测量风速。As shown in FIG1 , a device for studying the water flow characteristics of countercurrent filler forming sheets is mainly composed of a fan 8 (with a speed regulator), a pressure equalizing chamber 7, an experimental chamber 5, a water collecting tank 19, a water distribution tank 6, a water pump 1, a water flow regulating valve 2, a water flow meter 3, a water pipeline 4, and an experimental table bracket 17. An anemometer is used to measure the wind speed.
实验腔5由底板15和透明有机玻璃的面板14构成窄长形的空间，其上端面与均压腔7连接并连通、下端面敞开，靠两块挡水沿16定位在实验台支架17上，两侧面用两块封板11封闭。两块挡水沿16的下沿与集水槽19的上沿间有20～30cm的间距，形成四面进风口。The experimental chamber 5 is a narrow and long space formed by a bottom plate 15 and a transparent organic glass panel 14, the upper end of which is connected and communicated with the pressure equalization chamber 7, and the lower end is open, and is positioned on the experimental table bracket 17 by two water retaining edges 16, and the two sides are closed by two sealing plates 11. There is a spacing of 20 to 30 cm between the lower edges of the two water retaining edges 16 and the upper edges of the water collecting tank 19, forming air inlets on all four sides.
实验腔5的大小为逆流填料成型片20最大尺寸的1.2～1.5倍。底板15和面板14的间距根据成型片20的波高可调(通过连接法兰上的腰型孔调节)，底板15和面板14的间距需比被测的逆流填料成型片20的波高大3～5mm。The size of the test chamber 5 is 1.2 to 1.5 times the maximum size of the countercurrent filler forming sheet 20. The spacing between the bottom plate 15 and the face plate 14 is adjustable according to the wave height of the forming sheet 20 (adjusted by the waist-shaped hole on the connecting flange), and the spacing between the bottom plate 15 and the face plate 14 needs to be 3 to 5 mm larger than the wave height of the countercurrent filler forming sheet 20 being tested.
被测的逆流填料填料成型片20固定在实验腔5的底板15上，逆流填料填料成型片20的上边沿比底板15上边低40～50cm，左右相对于实验腔5居中，且不与有机玻璃面板14接触。The countercurrent filler forming sheet 20 to be tested is fixed on the bottom plate 15 of the experimental chamber 5 , the upper edge of the countercurrent filler forming sheet 20 is 40 to 50 cm lower than the upper edge of the bottom plate 15 , is centered relative to the experimental chamber 5 , and does not contact the organic glass panel 14 .
布水槽6设计为封闭的空腔结构，设置在实验腔底板15的背面，并在实验腔底板15上边沿以下15～20cm处有一高为4～5mm并与布水槽6的内部等宽的水平溢流槽孔10，布水槽6与实验腔5通过水平溢流槽孔10相连通。布水槽6内还贯穿有一根均布小孔的布水管(图中未表示)，布水管上包裹纱布12，纱布12的自由端穿过水平溢流槽孔10伸到被测的逆流填料填料成型片20测试表面的上端，纱布12与被测的逆流填料填料成型片20等宽，使水流能够均匀地分布到被测填料成型片9的该侧表面。The water distribution trough 6 is designed as a closed cavity structure, which is arranged on the back of the experimental cavity bottom plate 15, and has a horizontal overflow slot hole 10 with a height of 4 to 5 mm and the same width as the inside of the water distribution trough 6 at 15 to 20 cm below the upper edge of the experimental cavity bottom plate 15. The water distribution trough 6 is connected with the experimental cavity 5 through the horizontal overflow slot hole 10. A water distribution pipe (not shown in the figure) with uniformly distributed small holes is also passed through the water distribution trough 6. The water distribution pipe is wrapped with gauze 12. The free end of the gauze 12 passes through the horizontal overflow slot hole 10 and extends to the upper end of the test surface of the countercurrent filler molding sheet 20 to be tested. The gauze 12 is the same width as the countercurrent filler molding sheet 20 to enable the water flow to be evenly distributed to the side surface of the tested filler molding sheet 9.
布水管上均布2～3mm的小孔，孔的中心距2～3cm。布水槽6的上端面可以打开，以便更换调整纱布12和封闭不在被测填料成型片20宽度范围内的水平溢流槽孔10。The water distribution pipe is evenly distributed with small holes of 2 to 3 mm, and the center distance of the holes is 2 to 3 cm. The upper end surface of the water distribution tank 6 can be opened to replace and adjust the gauze 12 and to close the horizontal overflow slot holes 10 that are not within the width range of the filler forming sheet 20 to be tested.
水泵1的进水口与集水槽19连接并连通，水泵1的出水口经调节阀2和水流量计3后从布水槽6的侧面连接并连通到布水槽6内的布水管上。The water inlet of the water pump 1 is connected and communicated with the water collecting tank 19, and the water outlet of the water pump 1 is connected and communicated with the water distribution pipe in the water distribution tank 6 from the side of the water distribution tank 6 through the regulating valve 2 and the water flow meter 3.
在透明的有机玻璃面板14的上部，水平布置有不少于3个的示踪剂注入孔13，其水平位置在成型片20的上边沿以下5cm左右的位置上，直径为1～2mm。At least three tracer injection holes 13 are horizontally arranged on the upper part of the transparent organic glass panel 14, and their horizontal positions are about 5 cm below the upper edge of the molding sheet 20, and their diameters are 1 to 2 mm.
在均压腔7的下颈部设有5～8个可关闭的风速测量口9。Five to eight closable wind speed measuring ports 9 are provided at the lower neck of the pressure equalizing chamber 7 .
本发明的实验方法如下：The experimental method of the present invention is as follows:
调节水流量调节阀，读取水流量计的示数，按式(1)使逆流填料填料成型片单侧表面所对应的水流量控制在实验工况的淋水密度下：Adjust the water flow regulating valve, read the indication of the water flow meter, and control the water flow corresponding to the single-side surface of the countercurrent filler forming sheet to the water density of the experimental working condition according to formula (1):
式中，Q表示水的流量，m3/h；a表示逆流填料填料成型片的宽度，m；b表示填料填料成型片的波高，m；ρ表示冷却塔的淋水密度，(m3/h/)m2。Wherein, Q represents the water flow rate, m 3 /h; a represents the width of the countercurrent filler forming sheet, m; b represents the wave height of the filler forming sheet, m; ρ represents the water density of the cooling tower, (m 3 /h/)m 2 .
调节风机的电机频率，用风速仪在均压腔上的风速测量口多点等间距测量风速，计算测量值的平均值，使其达到工况设定的平均风速。Adjust the motor frequency of the fan, use an anemometer to measure the wind speed at multiple points with equal intervals at the wind speed measuring port on the pressure equalizing chamber, and calculate the average value of the measured values to achieve the average wind speed set for the working condition.
用注射器吸取定量的示踪剂，要求示踪剂密度和清水密度基本一致，且短期不溶于水。通过示踪剂注入孔垂直于底板的方向注射到逆流填料填料成型片表面，同时拍摄记录示踪剂的扩散过程和所对应的时刻。Use a syringe to absorb a certain amount of tracer, which should be basically consistent with the density of clean water and insoluble in water in the short term. Inject it into the surface of the countercurrent filler molding sheet through the tracer injection hole perpendicular to the bottom plate, and record the diffusion process of the tracer and the corresponding time at the same time.
最后通过图像处理，即可测得水流的扩散角和在单位高度内的停留时间。Finally, through image processing, the diffusion angle of the water flow and the residence time within unit height can be measured.
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| CN201910183795.7A Active CN109781385B (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | Device and method for researching water flow characteristics of countercurrent packing forming piece |
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| CN109781385A (en) | 2019-05-21 |
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