CN109778800B - Gradual change falls sill type stilling basin - Google Patents
Gradual change falls sill type stilling basin Download PDFInfo
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- CN109778800B CN109778800B CN201910102866.6A CN201910102866A CN109778800B CN 109778800 B CN109778800 B CN 109778800B CN 201910102866 A CN201910102866 A CN 201910102866A CN 109778800 B CN109778800 B CN 109778800B
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel gradient drop sill type stilling pool, which consists of a diversion connection reverse slope section, a stilling pool main body section and a stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section which are sequentially connected along the water flow direction, wherein the diversion connection slope section is connected with an upstream flood discharge facility and is used for guiding water flow to enter the stilling pool, a drop sill is arranged at the connection position of the diversion connection slope section and the stilling pool main body section, and the bottom plate of the stilling pool main body section is an inwards concave curved surface (the inwards concave surface points to the outside of a stilling pool water body and falls down), so that the height of the drop sill of the stilling pool is symmetrically and gradually increased from two sides to the middle. The stilling pool can effectively improve the stilling rate, reduce the near-bottom hydraulics index, and achieve the purposes of reducing and even canceling the protection engineering of the river bank slope at the downstream of the stilling pool and saving construction funds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flood discharge and energy dissipation facilities used in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and particularly relates to a stilling pool.
Background
In water conservancy and hydropower engineering, flood discharge and energy dissipation are very outstanding key technical problems, and energy dissipation and scour prevention at the downstream of a water discharge structure are directly related to the safety of the engineering. According to the rough statistical analysis of a large amount of actual engineering data, the flood discharge energy dissipation cost accounts for 40-50% of the total construction cost, and the energy dissipation and impact prevention facility accounts for 40-50% of the total construction cost of the water discharge structure. Therefore, selecting a suitable flood discharge building is also an important way to make reasonable use of the funds. In many medium and low head hydroelectric power stations, stilling pool energy dissipation is often used as an effective measure for downstream energy dissipation. Because the building of the stilling pool is not limited by the conditions of terrain, geology and the like, and the stilling pool is convenient to overhaul, the stilling pool basically has no atomization phenomenon relative to a trajectory jet energy dissipater. Therefore, energy dissipation of the drop sill type stilling basin is widely applied to medium and high water head power stations which are built and are under construction. However, for large single-wide flow, the energy dissipation rate of the stilling pool is not very high generally, and the water flow out of the pool still contains a large amount of residual energy, so that the water surface fluctuation at the downstream of the river spreads very far, and the protection project of the bank slope of the river at the downstream of the stilling pool is increased. Therefore, a new stilling pool which can improve the stilling rate and reduce the fluctuation of the water flow out of the pool is needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel gradient drop sill type stilling basin, which is suitable for bottom flow energy dissipation of high-speed water flow during flood discharge of a hydropower station, effectively improves the energy dissipation rate, reduces the bottom-facing hydraulic index, and achieves the purposes of reducing or even canceling the protection engineering of the river bank slope at the downstream of the stilling basin and saving construction funds.
The invention provides a novel gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool which is generally used as a flood discharge and energy dissipation facility of a medium-low water head gate dam type hydropower station.
The gradually-changed falling sill type stilling pool is composed of a flow guide connection reverse slope section, a stilling pool main body section and a stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section which are sequentially connected along the water flow direction, wherein the flow guide connection slope section is connected with an upstream flood discharge facility and is used for guiding water flow to enter the stilling pool, a falling sill is arranged at the connection position of the flow guide connection slope section and the stilling pool main body section, and a bottom plate of the stilling pool main body section is an inwards concave curved surface (the inwards concave surface points to the outside of a stilling pool water body and falls down), so that the height of the falling sill of the stilling pool is symmetrically and gradually increased from two sides to the middle.
Furthermore, the main body section of the stilling pool is connected with the reverse slope section of the tail ridge of the stilling pool without a drop ridge (tail ridge), and the reverse slope section is directly arranged, so that when the stilling pool is applied to certain sandy rivers, energy dissipation, scour prevention and sand discharge are both considered, and the problems that a large amount of sediment is deposited in the stilling pool and the bottom plate of the stilling pool is abraded and damaged to cause the loss of functions of the stilling pool are solved.
Furthermore, the flow guide of the stilling basin is connected with the slope i of the slope section1＝h1/l1＝1:8～1:4，h1For diversion of vertical height of slope section, /)1Connecting the horizontal length of the slope section for flow guiding;
furthermore, the width of the main body section of the stilling pool is B, the length of the main body section of the stilling pool is L, the arch height of the curved bottom plate is d, the height of the side wall is h, wherein L/B is 1.0-2.0, d/B is 0.04-0.1, and the height of the side wall is required to ensure that the stilling pool cannot be turned over;
further, the slope i of the reverse slope section of the end sill of the stilling pool2＝h2/l2＝1:4～1:2，h2Is the vertical height of the reverse slope section of the tail bank2The horizontal length of the reverse slope section of the tail ridge.
Further, the stilling pool main body section can be divided into the following two body types according to the structural form of the bottom plate:
the first method comprises the following steps: the bottom plate of the main body section of the stilling pool is a cylindrical curved surface, the side walls on two sides of the stilling pool are cylindrical curved surface arc walls, the height of each cylindrical curved surface arc wall is h, the arch height is b, and the side walls on two sides are tangent (inscribed) to the bottom plate of the stilling pool.
And the second method comprises the following steps: the bottom plate of the main body section of the stilling pool is a semi-elliptic cylinder curved surface (a half of which is divided by an elliptic major axis), the side walls on two sides of the stilling pool are vertical side walls, the height of each side wall is h, and the curved bottom plate is in tangent connection with the side walls on the two sides.
In the above technical solution, further, the bottom plate of the back slope section of the stilling pool sill is an inward concave curved surface (in the present invention, an inward concave curved surface is a downward concave curved surface, and the inward concave curved surface refers to a downward normal direction at the top of the curved surface, and an upward normal direction at the top of an outward convex curved surface is known as a sinking and bulging), the height of the bottom plate of the curved surface is d (equal to the height of the bottom plate of the stilling pool main body, preferably equal to the curvature of the bottom plate of the stilling pool main body), and the side walls at two sides of the bottom plate are vertical side walls.
In the above technical solution, further, a sea lantern is arranged at the downstream of the reverse slope section of the end sill of the stilling pool, the bottom plate of the sea lantern is preferably an inward concave curved surface, and the downstream of the sea lantern is connected with a riverbed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the existing stilling pool under the same working condition, the gradually-changing drop sill type stilling pool has the advantages that the stilling rate is greatly improved, the flow state in the stilling pool is good, the water flow out of the pool is stable, the water surface fluctuation of a downstream river channel is small, the protection range of a river channel bank slope is shortened, even a natural bank slope can be adopted without protection. Meanwhile, the design of the reverse slope of the tail bank can prevent certain silt from accumulating, so that the tail bank can be used as a main energy dissipater in a medium water head hydropower station.
2. Because the falling threshold of the gradual-change falling threshold type stilling pool is gradually changed, the water flow entering the pool forms a vertical flow velocity gradient, the water flow on the left side and the right side deflects towards the middle and collides with the main flow in the middle to consume a large amount of energy, and meanwhile, because the bottom plate is a concave curved surface, a certain degree of bidirectional transverse circulation exists in the stilling pool to stabilize the water flow in the stilling pool. The back slope section of the tail bank and the bottom plate of the sea are both concave curved bottom plates, so that the fluctuation of the water flow out of the pool is reduced, and the water flow close to the bank is guided to the middle of the river channel, thereby reducing the scouring of the slope caused by the fluctuation of the tail water.
3. The water flow in the gradually-changed drop sill type absorption basin has three-dimensional vortexes of various scales, and the water flow in the absorption basin is strong in aeration and turbulence, so that the energy dissipation effect is good.
4. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool is relatively simple in structure, easy to optimize the body type and convenient to overhaul and replace.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the gradual-change falling sill type stilling basin (cylindrical curved bottom plate type) of the invention,
bottom flow energy dissipation for medium water head power stations;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view III-III of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view IV-IV of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view VI-VI of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the flow state of the section I-I of the gradual-change threshold-drop type stilling pool (cylindrical curved bottom plate type);
FIG. 9 is a schematic flow chart of a section III-III of a gradual-change threshold-falling type stilling basin (cylindrical curved bottom plate type);
fig. 10 is a schematic plan view of the gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool (a semi-elliptic cylinder curved bottom plate type) of the present invention, which is used for bottom flow energy dissipation of a medium water head power station;
FIG. 11 is a sectional view VII-VII of FIG. 10;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of the flow state of the VII-VII cross section of the gradual-falling sill-type stilling pool (semi-elliptic cylinder curved bottom plate type);
fig. 13 is a plan view of a gradual-falling sill type stilling pool (cylindrical curved floor type) in example 1.
Fig. 14 is a plan view of a gradual-falling sill-type stilling pool (semi-elliptic cylindrical curved floor type) in example 2.
In the figure, 1-diversion connection slope section, 2-gradual change drop sill type stilling pool main body section curved surface bottom plate, 3-stilling pool main body section side wall, 4-stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section, 5-romantic sea and 6-river bed.
Detailed Description
The gradual-change bank-falling type stilling pool of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode.
Example 1
The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool (cylindrical curved bottom plate type) in the embodiment is used for a medium-head gate dam type hydropower station, the front gate head is 30m, and the maximum single width flow q is 100m3M.m. The gradual-change falling sill type stilling pool structure is shown in figures 1-9 and comprises a diversion connection reverse slope section, a stilling pool main body section and a stilling pool tail sill reverse slope section which are sequentially connected along the water flow direction, wherein the diversion connection slope section is connected with an upstream flood discharge facility and is used for guiding water flow to enter the stilling pool, a falling sill is arranged at the connection position of the diversion connection slope section and the stilling pool main body section, and a bottom plate of the stilling pool main body section is a curved surface which is inwards concave (the concave surface points to the outside of a stilling pool water body and falls down), so that the height of the falling sill of the stilling pool is symmetrically and gradually increased from two sides to the middle. The main body section of the stilling pool is connected with the reverse slope section of the tail ridge of the stilling pool without a drop ridge (tail ridge), and the reverse slope section is directly arranged, so that energy dissipation and impact prevention and sand discharge are both considered, a large amount of sediment in the stilling pool is prevented, and the bottom plate of the stilling pool is prevented from being abraded and damaged, so that the function of the stilling pool is lost.
The stilling pool is completely made of reinforced concrete, and the flow guide is connected with the slope gradient i1＝h1/l11:8, the horizontal length l of the diversion connection slope section116m, the vertical height h of the diversion connection slope section12 m; the bottom plate of the absorption basin main body section is a cylindrical curved surface, the width B of the absorption basin main body section is 50m, the length L of the absorption basin main body section is 50m, the arch height d of the curved surface bottom plate is 2.0m, the height h of the cylindrical curved surface arc wall is 8m, and the arch height B is 3.41 m; slope i of reverse slope section of stilling pool tail bank2＝h2/l21:2, horizontal length l of reverse slope segment of tail ridge2Vertical height h of reverse slope segment of tail ridge as 6m23m, the bottom plate of the tail ridge is an inward concave curved surface, the arch height d of the curved surface bottom plate is 2.0m, and the side walls on the two sides are straight walls; the water flow out of the pool is connected with the natural riverbed through a concave curved bottom plate.
The energy dissipation rate of the gradual-change bank-falling type stilling pool in the embodiment is about 65-70%. The dissipation pool is submerged in water jump, the flow state is relatively stable, a large amount of air is mixed in the dissipation pool, the turbulence of water flow is strong, the fluctuation of water flow out of the pool is very small, the water flow close to the bank is guided to the middle of a river channel, the washout of a bank slope by the fluctuation of tail water is reduced, the protection range of the bank slope of the river channel can be shortened, even the bank slope can be protected without protection, and a natural bank slope is adopted. Meanwhile, the design of the reverse slope of the tail bank can prevent certain silt from accumulating, so that the tail bank can be used as a main energy dissipater in a medium water head hydropower station. The schematic plan flow pattern is shown in fig. 13.
Comparative example 1
The conventional stilling pool is arranged under the same working condition, and compared with the embodiment 1, the main differences are as follows: the horizontal positions of the drop sill are equal, and the floor of the stilling pool is a plane floor.
The energy consumption rate of the stilling pool of the comparative example is about 45-50%, the water flow out of the pool still contains a large amount of residual energy, so that the wave propagation of the water surface at the downstream of the river is very long distance, and the protection project of the bank slope of the river at the downstream of the stilling pool needs to be added.
Example 2
The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool (cylindrical curved bottom plate type) in the embodiment is used for a medium-head gate dam type hydropower station, the front head of the dam is 50m, and the maximum single-width flow q is 200m3M.m. The difference from the stilling pool described in example 1 is that:
diversion connection slope section gradient i1＝h1/l11:4, the horizontal length l of the diversion connection slope section116m, the vertical height h of the diversion connection slope section14 m; the bottom plate of the absorption basin main body section is a cylindrical curved surface, the width B of the absorption basin main body section is 30m, the length L of the absorption basin main body section is 60m, the arch height d of the curved surface bottom plate is 3.0m, the height h of the cylindrical curved surface arc wall is 8m, and the arch height B is 3.11 m; slope i of reverse slope section of stilling pool tail bank2＝h2/l21:4, horizontal length l of reverse slope segment of tail ridge220m, vertical height h of reverse slope segment of tail ridge2The arch height d of the curved bottom plate is 3.0m, and the side walls at two sides are straight walls; the water flow out of the pool is connected with the natural riverbed through a concave curved bottom plate.
The energy dissipation rate of the gradual-change bank-falling type stilling pool in the embodiment is about 70-75%. The water jump is submerged in the absorption basin, the flow state is relatively stable, a large amount of air is mixed in the absorption basin, the turbulence of water flow is strong, the water flow close to the bank is guided to the middle of a river channel, the scouring of the bank slope by the fluctuation of tail water is reduced, the range of the bank slope to be protected is reduced, a large amount of construction funds are saved, meanwhile, little silt is deposited in the absorption basin, and the sand discharge effect is good. The schematic plan flow pattern is shown in fig. 13.
Example 3
The gradual change drop sill type stilling pool (semi-elliptic cylinder curved bottom plate type) in the embodiment is used for bottom flow energy dissipation of the outlet of the spillway of the medium-head hydropower station, the highest running water head is 80m, the width of the spillway is 20m, and the maximum single width flow is q is 80m3M.m. The diversion-connection slope section is connected with an upstream flood discharge facility and used for guiding water flow into the stilling pool, a drop sill is arranged at the connection position of the diversion-connection slope section and the stilling pool main body section, and a bottom plate of the stilling pool main body section is a curved surface which is inwards concave (the concave surface is downwards concave towards the outside of a stilling pool water body), so that the height of the stilling pool drop sill is symmetrically and gradually increased from two sides to the middle. The main body section of the stilling pool is connected with the reverse slope section of the tail ridge of the stilling pool without a drop ridge (tail ridge), and the reverse slope section is directly arranged, so that energy dissipation and impact prevention and sand discharge are both considered, a large amount of sediment in the stilling pool is prevented, and the bottom plate of the stilling pool is prevented from being abraded and damaged, so that the function of the stilling pool is lost.
Diversion connection slope section gradient i1＝h1/l11:6, horizontal length l of diversion connection slope section118m, the vertical height h of the diversion connection slope section13 m; the bottom plate of the absorption basin main body section is a semi-elliptic cylinder curved surface, the width B of the absorption basin main body section is 20m, the length L of the absorption basin main body section is 40m, the arch height d of the curved surface bottom plate is 2.0m, and the height h of the cylindrical curved surface arc wall is 8 m; slope i of reverse slope section of stilling pool tail bank2＝h2/l21:2, horizontal length l of reverse slope segment of tail ridge2Vertical height h of reverse slope segment of tail ridge as 8m24m, end ridge bottom plateThe bottom plate of the main body section of the stilling pool is also an inward concave curved surface, the arch height d of the curved surface bottom plate is 2.0m, and the side walls on two sides are straight walls; the water flow out of the pool is connected with the natural riverbed through a concave curved bottom plate.
The energy dissipation rate of the gradual-change bank-falling type stilling pool in the embodiment is about 60%. The water jump is submerged in the stilling pool, a large amount of air is mixed in the stilling pool, the water flow turbulence is strong, the water flow out of the pool is stable, and the opposite bank slope cannot be scoured. The schematic plan flow pattern is shown in fig. 14.
Claims (10)
1. Gradual change falls bank type stilling pool, its characterized in that, the structure includes along the reverse slope section of water conservancy diversion linking that rivers direction meets in proper order, stilling pool main part section, the reverse slope section of stilling pool tail bank, water conservancy diversion links up slope section and upper reaches flood discharge facility and links up, and the water conservancy diversion links up slope section and sets up with the linking department of stilling pool main part section and falls the bank, and stilling pool main part section bottom plate is the curved surface of indent for the height that the stilling pool falls the bank is crescent from both sides to centre symmetry.
2. The gradual fall sill type stilling pool of claim 1, wherein the flow guide engagement slope section slope i1＝h1/l1＝1:8～1:4，h1For diversion of vertical height of slope section, /)1The horizontal length of the slope section is connected for flow guiding.
3. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of claim 2, wherein the width of the stilling pool main body section is B, the length of the stilling pool main body section is L, the arch height of the curved bottom plate is d, and the height of the side wall is h, wherein L/B is 1.0-2.0, and d/B is 0.04-0.1.
4. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of claim 3, wherein the gradient i of the back slope section of the tail sill of the stilling pool2＝h2/l2＝1:4～1:2，h2Is the vertical height of the reverse slope section of the tail bank2The horizontal length of the reverse slope section of the tail ridge.
5. A gradually-changing drop sill type stilling pool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom plate of the stilling pool main body section is a cylindrical curved surface, the side walls at two sides of the stilling pool are cylindrical curved arc walls, the height of the cylindrical curved arc wall is h, the arch height is b, and the side walls at two sides are in tangential connection with the stilling pool bottom plate.
6. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom plate of the body section of the stilling pool is a semi-elliptic cylinder curved surface, the side walls on two sides of the stilling pool are vertical side walls, the height of each side wall is h, and the curved bottom plate is in tangential connection with the side walls on two sides.
7. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of claim 5, wherein the bottom plate of the reverse slope section of the tail sill of the stilling pool is a concave curved surface, the arch height of the curved surface bottom plate is d, and the side walls at two sides of the bottom plate are straight walls.
8. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of claim 6, wherein the bottom plate of the reverse slope section of the tail sill of the stilling pool is a concave curved surface, the arch height of the curved surface bottom plate is d, and the side walls at two sides of the bottom plate are straight walls.
9. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of claim 5, wherein the back slope section of the stilling pool tail sill is connected with a downstream sea dome, the sea dome bottom plate is arranged into a concave curved surface, and the downstream sea dome is connected with a river bed.
10. The gradual-change drop sill type stilling pool of claim 6, wherein the back slope section of the stilling pool tail sill is connected with a downstream sea dome, the sea dome bottom plate is arranged into a concave curved surface, and the downstream sea dome is connected with a river bed.
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| CN110541409B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2024-03-26 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Novel stilling pool structure for automatically discharging sand and stone in guide pool by utilizing water flow effect |
| CN113718727B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-09-16 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Sudden expansion and falling sill absorption basin suitable for large single wide discharge of high water head |
| CN114718029A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-07-08 | 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Inner groove stilling pool structure for water flow energy dissipation |
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| CN101302750A (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2008-11-12 | 天津大学 | Non-uniform flexible anchoring baffle pond inverted arch bottom plate structure |
| CN106948319A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of fluted non-horizontal base plate of band falls energy dissipater and the method for bank stiling basin |
| CN109098155A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-28 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hydraulic engineering curved surface energy dissipating wall |
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2019
- 2019-02-01 CN CN201910102866.6A patent/CN109778800B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101302750A (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2008-11-12 | 天津大学 | Non-uniform flexible anchoring baffle pond inverted arch bottom plate structure |
| CN106948319A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-07-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of fluted non-horizontal base plate of band falls energy dissipater and the method for bank stiling basin |
| CN109098155A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-28 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hydraulic engineering curved surface energy dissipating wall |
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