CN109778762B - Porous bituminous pavement moisturizing dust fall system - Google Patents
Porous bituminous pavement moisturizing dust fall system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109778762B CN109778762B CN201910048349.5A CN201910048349A CN109778762B CN 109778762 B CN109778762 B CN 109778762B CN 201910048349 A CN201910048349 A CN 201910048349A CN 109778762 B CN109778762 B CN 109778762B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses a porous asphalt pavement water supplementing and dust reducing system, wherein non-motor vehicle areas are arranged on two sides of the porous asphalt pavement, the porous asphalt pavement sequentially comprises a pavement body, a middle layer and a base layer from top to bottom, a seepage isolating base cloth is arranged in the middle layer, and the porous asphalt pavement water supplementing and dust reducing system comprises: the water storage mechanism is arranged in the non-motor vehicle region and comprises a water storage cavity arranged in the non-motor vehicle region and a water outlet pipe connected with the water storage cavity and extending into the middle layer; the pressure-making mechanism is arranged on the pavement body and is communicated with a water outlet pipe of the water storage mechanism through a pneumatic pipe; the water spraying mechanism comprises a water guide pipe and a spray head, wherein the water guide pipe is communicated with the water outlet pipe and the spray head, the spray head is exposed out of the pavement body, and the spray head is positioned behind the pressure forming mechanism in the driving direction of a road. The invention adopts the collected rainwater to automatically supplement water and reduce dust, and the water supplementing quantity is automatically regulated according to actual requirements, thereby obviously reducing the damage of roads and urban energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of urban road maintenance, and particularly relates to a porous asphalt pavement water supplementing and dust reducing system.
Background
Road dust is formed by the fact that dust on road surface enters ambient air under the action of certain power conditions (such as wind power, rolling of motor vehicles, crowd activities and the like). The dust accumulation mainly comes from atmospheric dust fall, road surface damage, wheel body mud, tire abrasion, road construction, road cleaning, bare soil near the road and the like.
With the acceleration of urban progress and industrialization steps in China, the porous asphalt pavement gradually replaces the traditional concrete pavement. The main reason for this is that porous asphalt pavement has good air and water permeability.
The air permeability is good, the water in the road surface and the roadbed can be evaporated into the air, the water mist exchange between the ground surface and the environment is increased, and the temperature of the road surface is reduced. The strong water permeability is mainly beneficial to larger communication porosity, so that water can flow along pores during rainfall, road surface water accumulation in rainy days is reduced, driving safety is improved, and meanwhile, the method has a positive effect on relieving the problem of shortage of underground water resources, and is combined with planning of building sponge cities in China.
However, the amount of the urban automobile is increased, and road dust caused by the automobile becomes a main source of urban atmospheric particulate pollution, which accounts for about 30-50%, and the air quality of urban environment and the living environment of people are affected. The research shows that the true density of road dust in urban areas is about 3.17kg/m < 3 >, 80% of the particle size is distributed at 6.48-220.46 mu m, and the dust concentration of a bicycle is mainly dependent on factors such as motor vehicle types, speed, road pavement dust load and the like when no influence of buildings and roadside trees exists. On the other hand, if these fine particles are not effectively treated for a long time, the communication pores of the porous asphalt pavement are blocked, the performance of the porous asphalt pavement is affected, and the whole repair of the pavement is caused in severe cases.
At present, measures for maintaining and reducing dust emission of porous asphalt pavement are mainly concentrated on passive watering and dust prevention. The main effect of sprinkling dust prevention is to moisten road dust and increase the water content, so that the relative density of the road dust is increased, and the road dust is adhered into larger particles, so that the road dust cannot fly under the action of external force. The traditional water sprinkling dustproof method is simple and convenient, and is used in many cities in China, but the traditional water sprinkling dustproof method has the defects of high labor cost, low cleaning speed, large water resource waste, poor cleaning effect, small action range and the like.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a novel porous asphalt pavement water-replenishing and dust-reducing system which can accumulate atmospheric precipitation and use the accumulated water for pavement water-replenishing and dust-reducing, thereby reducing road damage and urban energy consumption and increasing the comfort level of pedestrians.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a porous asphalt pavement water-supplementing and dust-reducing system, which adopts collected rainwater to automatically supplement water and reduce dust of a porous asphalt pavement, and the water supplementing amount is automatically regulated according to actual requirements, so that the damage of roads and urban energy consumption are obviously reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
porous bituminous pavement moisturizing dust fall system, porous bituminous pavement's both sides are non-motor vehicle district, porous bituminous pavement is road surface body, intermediate level and basic unit from top to bottom in proper order, be provided with in the intermediate level and separate the infiltration basic cloth, porous bituminous pavement moisturizing dust fall system includes:
the water storage mechanism is arranged in the non-motor vehicle region and comprises a water storage cavity arranged in the non-motor vehicle region and a water outlet pipe connected with the water storage cavity and extending into the middle layer;
the pressure-making mechanism is arranged on the pavement body and is communicated with a water outlet pipe of the water storage mechanism through a pneumatic pipe;
the water spraying mechanism comprises a water guide pipe and a spray head, the water guide pipe is communicated with the water outlet pipe and the spray head, the spray head is exposed out of the pavement body, and the spray head is located behind the pressure making mechanism in the driving direction of a road.
Preferably, the water storage mechanism further comprises a low-speed water seepage layer arranged above the water storage cavity and a rapid water seepage layer arranged at the uppermost part of the non-motor vehicle area; the low-speed water seepage layer is positioned below the rapid water seepage layer and is more than or equal to 0.5m apart.
Preferably, the water storage cavity is of a cuboid structure, the low-speed water seepage layer is arranged on the top surface of the cuboid structure, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the side wall of the cuboid structure.
Preferably, a check valve is connected between the water storage cavity and the water outlet pipe, a rocker arm is connected in the check valve in a swinging way, a valve clack for controlling water flow on-off between the water storage cavity and the water outlet pipe is connected on the rocker arm, and the valve clack is opened when the water pressure in the water storage cavity is higher than the water pressure in the water outlet pipe.
Preferably, the pressure-making mechanism is provided in plurality, and each pressure-making mechanism includes:
a buffer space is reserved between the speed reducing ridge and the pavement body, and the bottom of the speed reducing ridge is connected with a piston rod;
the air pressure pipe downwards extends from the surface of the pavement body, a spring for maintaining a buffer distance is arranged between the air pressure pipe and the bottom of the deceleration ridge, the piston rod extends into the air pressure pipe from the bottom of the deceleration ridge, and the bottom of the piston rod is connected with a piston which is adaptive to the inner diameter of the air pressure pipe.
Preferably, the pipe wall of the air pressure pipe is provided with a radially expanded bulge section, the inner wall of the bulge section is provided with a liquid placing groove, non-Newtonian fluid is arranged in the liquid placing groove, and the groove surface of the liquid placing groove is connected with a diaphragm.
Preferably, the spray head includes:
the spray pipe is connected with the water guide pipe and extends out of the pavement body;
the pressurizing cavity is connected with the air pressure pipe of the pressure making mechanism and is arranged at the bottom of the periphery of the spray pipe in a surrounding mode, the pressurizing cavity is connected with a plurality of pressurizing branch pipes, and the other ends of the pressurizing branch pipes are connected with the middle of the spray pipe;
and the yoke arm support wraps the spray pipe, the pressurizing cavity and the pressurizing branch pipe.
Preferably, the diameter of the nozzle decreases gradually from the side closer to the water conduit to the side farther from the water conduit.
Preferably, the top of the spray pipe is connected with a splash box, the vertical projection shape of the splash box is round, the outer edge of the splash box extends obliquely downwards, and the outer edge is toothed.
Preferably, the water spraying mechanism is covered with a cover cap, and the cover cap is of a hemispherical honeycomb structure.
Compared with the prior art, the porous asphalt pavement water supplementing and dust reducing system provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) The sprayed water body mainly comes from the collection of natural rainfall, so that the waste of water resources is avoided to a great extent, meanwhile, the accumulated water on the road surface is reduced, and the travelling comfort in rainy days is improved.
2) According to the motor vehicle speed and flow, road pavement dust load, water-rich condition and other factors, the water-supplementing condition is automatically regulated, and the problem of single function of the traditional water-supplementing mode is solved.
3) The system can automatically store water and spray water under pressure, no extra labor is needed, and labor cost is reduced.
4) The system can spray water mist when water is rich, enlarges the dust suppression range and does not cause road surface overflow; high-pressure gas can be sprayed out even when water is lacking, dust particles blocking through holes of the porous asphalt pavement are cleaned, maintenance cost is reduced, and service life is prolonged.
5) When the automobile passes through quickly, the compression amount of the pressure generating unit is small, the impact force is large, the jolt feeling is strong, a driver can be reminded of slowing down, and the double functions of water supplementing, dust suppression and speed reduction are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a porous asphalt pavement water and dust remediation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of one embodiment of a porous asphalt pavement water and dust remediation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the check valve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a pressing mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a boss portion of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a spray head according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the cap and spray head of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between air pressure and average particle size of droplets formed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the water feed rate and the dust emission rate of the spray head of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1. a pavement body; 2. a pressure generating mechanism; 3. a low-speed water seepage layer; 4. a water storage cavity; 5. a water outlet pipe; 6. a water conduit; 7. a spray head; 8. an intermediate layer; 9. a base cloth for separating seepage; 10. a base layer; 11. a rapid water seepage layer; 12. a check valve; 13. a deceleration ridge; 14. a piston; 15. a non-newtonian fluid; 16. a diaphragm; 17. a rocker arm; 18. a valve flap; 19. capping; 20. a splash box; 21. a spray pipe; 22. a pressurizing branch pipe; 23. a yoke arm support; 24. connecting pipe threads; 25. a spring; 26. an air duct; 27. a pressurized cavity; 28. and an air pressure pipe.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a porous asphalt pavement water-supplementing and dust-reducing system, which mainly comprises a water storage mechanism, a pressure-building mechanism 2 and a water spraying mechanism, and can realize automatic water-supplementing and dust-reducing of the porous asphalt pavement.
Referring to fig. 2, a porous asphalt pavement which is more commonly used for urban roads sequentially comprises a pavement body 1, an intermediate layer 8 and a base layer 10 from top to bottom, and a seepage-proof base cloth 9 is arranged in the intermediate layer 8.
In order to cooperate with the water supplementing and dust reducing system of the embodiment to achieve the best water supplementing and dust reducing effects, the embodiment also optimizes the porous asphalt pavement to a certain extent.
Wherein, the pavement body 1 of the porous asphalt pavement can adopt asphalt mastic broken stone mixture, so that the pavement body 1 has developed through pores on the surface and inside, and the porosity can reach 15-20%. The negative macrostructure with high porosity can almost completely eliminate ground water, has excellent noise reduction performance, and can relieve traffic noise.
The middle layer 8 of the porous asphalt pavement mainly bears the driving load, so materials with high strength, good water stability and reasonable cost are selected, for example: skeleton pore type cement stabilized macadam, permeable cement concrete, graded macadam, open graded asphalt stabilized macadam, etc.
The intermediate layer 8 made of the material has macropore characteristics, which can prevent water or groundwater which permeates into the roadbed from increasing due to capillary phenomenon to influence the bearing capacity and durability of the base layer, so as to relieve the influence of frost heaving of the water-containing soil base on the integral stability of the pavement structure, and has better water permeability.
The permeation-proof base cloth 9 can adopt a polypropylene fiber net structure, and the water permeability coefficient is less than or equal to 1.0 multiplied by 10 -3 mm/s. The polypropylene fiber net structure can prolong the wetting time of the pavement, fully exert the functions of water supplementing and dust reducing of the system, and simultaneously have the dual functions of preventing clay particles from floating upwards to reduce the possibility of water and soil loss.
The base layer 10 is a main stress layer and has the function of water storage, a natural foundation can be selected, and an artificial foundation after being compacted, replaced and filled and the like can be also adopted if the geological condition is poor. If the material to be filled is treated by a filling-changing method, the material to be filled is basically the same as the material of the middle layer 8, the porosity and the water permeability coefficient of the material are required to meet the requirements of storage and permeation, the matching of particle grades during filling is required to be paid attention, and the compaction degree is not less than 90%.
The two sides of the porous asphalt pavement are non-motor vehicle areas, and the non-motor vehicle areas can be sidewalks or green belts. The uppermost layer of the pavement is typically water permeable bricks laid along the road, and the underside of the water permeable bricks may be the same intermediate and base layers as the porous asphalt pavement.
The main body of the water storage mechanism of the water supplementing and dust reducing system of the embodiment is arranged in a non-motor vehicle area, and the pressure making mechanism 2 and the water spraying mechanism are arranged in the range of the porous asphalt pavement.
In particular, the water storage mechanism comprises a water storage cavity 4 arranged in the non-motor vehicle area and a water outlet pipe 5 connected with the water storage cavity 4 and extending into the middle layer 8. The intermediate layer, the base layer of the present embodiment is understood to be the intermediate layer 8 and the base layer 10 of the porous asphalt pavement, unless otherwise specified.
The water storage cavity 4 is used for collecting natural precipitation so as to avoid using groundwater resources when supplementing water and preventing dust, and the water body collected by the water storage cavity 4 is led out to a water spraying mechanism for use through the water outlet pipe 5.
Considering that the water storage cavity 4 needs to bear large soil pressure and live load of the vehicle, the water storage cavity 4 should be made of a material with large strength, such as a metal material. And the water storage cavity 4 of this embodiment is the cuboid structure, and the cuboid structure can avoid producing the influence to the structural strength of road bed, is convenient for simultaneously also to go out the connection of water piping 5. In order to utilize the water in the water storage cavity 4 to the greatest extent, the water outlet pipe 5 is connected to the bottom of the side wall of the cuboid structure.
In another embodiment, in order to improve the quality of natural rainwater collection, a rapid water seepage layer 11 is provided at the uppermost part of the non-motor vehicle area. The rapid water seepage layer 11 mainly comprises water seepage bricks paved on a pavement, the requirement of a brick pavement surface of a common pavement is that gaps are not more than 3mm, and the gaps of the pavement paved by the water seepage bricks are generally 6mm so as to ensure water permeability and durability and improve the rainwater collection rate.
When the water storage mechanism is arranged below the green belt, the rapid water seepage layer 11 is mainly composed of surface clay and plant root systems, and the rainwater is preliminarily filtered in a natural mode, so that the cost is saved, and the influence on the environment can be reduced.
The rapid water seepage layer 11 mainly plays a role in primary filtration, and the characteristic of rapid water seepage can ensure that no water is accumulated on the pavement of the sidewalk in rainy days, so that a comfortable walking experience is provided for pedestrians. The filter residue filtered by the rapid infiltration layer 11 comprises some stones, sand grains, garbage and the like, and finally can be cleaned and disposed by sanitation workers.
A low-speed water seepage layer 3 is arranged below the rapid water seepage layer 11 at a position which is more than or equal to 0.5m away, and the low-speed water seepage layer 3 is paved above the water storage cavity 4. In this embodiment, the low-speed water-permeable layer 3 is laid on the top surface of the cuboid structure, and further filters the water body after passing through the fast water-permeable layer 11 and the middle layer of the non-motor vehicle region.
The low-speed water-permeable layer 3 has a lower water permeability than the quick-speed water-permeable layer 11 and is generally filled with chemical fibers or glass fibers. Of course, when a pollution source which can pollute the ground water exists near the water storage mechanism, road surface drainage facilities are added or a large amount of activated carbon is doped in the roadbed during construction, so that the purification effect of rainwater is enhanced, water source pollution is not caused, and any link of a water supplementing and dust reducing system is not blocked.
The water outlet pipe 5 extends from one side of the water storage cavity 4 to the middle layer 8 of the porous asphalt pavement, namely, a part of the water outlet pipe 5 is buried in the middle layer 8. In general, the water outlet pipe 5 is pre-buried during the construction of the roadbed and is arranged along the width direction of the porous asphalt pavement. Because the water outlet pipe 5 is not easy to replace and overhaul, the water outlet pipe 5 is preferably made of ductile cast iron pipe so as to ensure that the water outlet pipe is subjected to larger pressure and is not easy to damage.
In order to realize automatic water outlet of the water supplementing and dust reducing system, the check valve 12 is connected between the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5 in a flange mode, and the check valve 12 is made of thick-wall metal materials, so that dislocation of internal components caused by deformation can be avoided.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a rocker arm 17 is connected in a swinging way in the check valve 12, and a valve clack 18 for controlling the water flow between the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5 is connected to the rocker arm 17. Because the valve clack 18 is mainly used for sealing water stop, the valve clack 18 is made of rubber, and can still keep elasticity in long-term use, and is airtight, thereby playing a dual role of unidirectional water distribution and building a pressurizing space.
When the check valve 12 is connected with the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5, the valve clack 18 is made to face the water storage cavity 4, so that when the water pressure in the water storage cavity 4 is larger than the water pressure in the water outlet pipe 5, the rocker arm 17 is pushed to drive the valve clack 18 to open under the action of water pressure difference, water flow conduction between the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5 is controlled, and when the water storage cavity 4 is filled with water to the water outlet pipe 5, full-automatic water supplementing is realized without the help of external force such as a water pump; when the pressure in the water outlet pipe 5 is increased, reverse water flow forms a stagnation ring in the check valve 12, the rocker arm 17 is pushed to move reversely, the water flow between the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5 is controlled to be disconnected, a sealed environment is created, and pressure loss is avoided.
The pressure making mechanism 2 of the present embodiment is provided on the road surface body 1, and the pressure making mechanism 2 is provided in plurality along the road surface width direction. As shown in fig. 4, each of the pressure generating mechanisms 2 includes a speed reducing ridge 13 and an air pressure pipe 28.
The decelerating ridge 13 is arranged above the pavement body 1, and a buffering distance is reserved between the decelerating ridge and the pavement body 1. Vibration can be generated when the automobile drives over the deceleration ridge 13, so that bumpy feel is brought to a driver, and deceleration is reminded; at the same time, the impact force and rolling of the tire on the deceleration ridge 13 cause the deceleration ridge 13 to move downwards.
The decelerating ridge 13 is made of cast steel high-strength rubber, and the rubber has excellent buffering and damping effects, so that the tire can be prevented from being impacted into the pressure-making mechanism 2 hard, the good wear resistance and durability can still ensure that the toughness is not broken in the long-term use process, and the service life of the decelerating ridge can be prolonged. Further, the decelerating ridge 13 is embedded with cast steel to adapt to various vehicle types, and even can bear the tire impact of a truck above 50t without damage.
In order to restore the decelerating ridge 13 by itself after being pressed down by the tire, a spring 25 for maintaining a buffer distance is provided between the air pressure pipe 28 and the bottom of the decelerating ridge 13. The spring 25 is in a compressed state after the deceleration ridge 13 is pressed down, and after the automobile drives away from the deceleration ridge 13, the deceleration ridge 13 is restored to the original set height under the action of the elasticity of the spring 25 so as to wait for the next action. The decelerating ridge 13 in the embodiment is a trapezoid structure, and a piston rod is connected to the bottom of the trapezoid structure.
The air pressure pipe 28 extends downwards from the surface of the pavement body 1 to communicate the water outlet pipe 5 of the pressure making mechanism 2 and the water storage mechanism, and the top of the air pressure pipe 28 can be slightly exposed out of the surface of the pavement body 1 or can be flush with the surface of the pavement body 1 so that the speed reduction ridge 13 descends to the lowest point.
The air pressure pipe 28 is connected with the water outlet pipe 5 through threads, so that the whole replacement and maintenance of the pressure making mechanism 2 are facilitated.
The piston rod extends into the air pressure pipe 28 from the bottom of the decelerating ridge 13, and the bottom of the piston rod is connected with a piston 14 which is matched with the inner diameter of the air pressure pipe 28. The piston 14 is characterized by repeated deformation and compression work, and in the embodiment, the organic silica gel is adopted to replace common rubber, so that the piston 14 is soft and has better rebound resilience, and the service life of the piston 14 is prolonged.
The piston 14 can do work on air by pressing down potential energy in the process of compressing air, a large amount of internal energy is instantaneously generated, the general rubber can lose elasticity under the action of high temperature and even be converted into a fluid state, so that the sealing air compressing effect is lost, the applicable temperature range of the organic silica gel is between-40 ℃ and 230 ℃, and the problem of friction heating of the piston 14 can be well solved.
The piston 14 moves up and down in the air pressure pipe 28 to change the air pressure in the air pressure pipe 28 and increase the pressure in the water outlet pipe 5, so that the water spraying mechanism can conveniently spray water. In order to relieve the air pressure if necessary, radially expanding raised sections are provided on the wall of the air pressure tube 28.
In one embodiment, the protruding section is formed by bending the wall of the air pressure tube 28 multiple times, and the protruding section and the air pressure tube 28 are integrated. The protruding sections can be radially distributed at intervals or can be continuously distributed. And a liquid placing groove is formed on the inner wall of the convex section at the bending part.
In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the raised section may be a separate section having a diameter greater than the diameter of the pneumatic tube, and both ends of the raised section are connected to the pneumatic tube 28 by the nipple screw 24. The detachable connection mode is convenient for maintenance and overhaul of the convex section.
When the protruding section is a single section, the inside of the connecting pipe thread 24 of the protruding section is hollow so as to be communicated with the air pressure pipe 28. The portion of the interior of the raised section that is located outside the radial extent of the air pressure tube 28 may be referred to as a sump.
A diaphragm 16 is connected to the tank surface of the liquid tank, and the diaphragm 16 is provided to isolate the liquid tank from the air pressure pipe 28. The diaphragm 16 is made of a high molecular polymer material and tends to expand outwardly under the extrusion of high pressure gas.
The non-Newtonian fluid 15 is placed in the reservoir and isolated from the environment inside the pneumatic tube 28 by the diaphragm 16. Non-newtonian fluids refer to fluids that do not satisfy newtonian viscosity laws of experiment, i.e., fluids whose shear stress and shear strain rate are not linear. The viscosity of the plastic fluid is rapidly increased along with the strain rate under the condition of exceeding the strain rate of the plastic fluid, otherwise, the plastic fluid has no obvious change; the non-Newtonian fluid of this example employs a polyacrylamide solution with a true viscosity ofWherein eta r Is true viscosity (Pa.s), sigma is stress magnitude (Pa), gamma is strain rate(s) -1 )，η sp Apparent viscosity (Pa.s).
When the running speed of the automobile is slower, the speed of the piston rod driving the piston 14 to move downwards is relatively slower, the air volume in the air pressure pipe 28 is compressed, the non-Newtonian fluid 15 is extruded by the air to generate a certain amount of deformation, the air storage space in the air pressure pipe 28 is expanded as a result of the deformation, the air pressure is relieved, the correction of the compressed air quantity is realized, the pressurizing effect of the pressure generating mechanism on the water outlet pipe 5 is smaller, and the water spraying range and the water spraying quantity of the water spraying mechanism are correspondingly smaller.
When the running speed of the automobile is higher, the tire generates larger impact force on the trapezoid-structured pressure-making mechanism 2, the pressing speed of the piston 14 is higher, the diaphragm 16 is subjected to impact load action with larger speed, at the moment, the cohesive force of the non-Newtonian fluid 15 is rapidly increased, the generated compression deformation is small, the gas correction amount is small, the pressure in the pipe is high, the pressure in the water outlet pipe 5 is high, and the water spraying range and the water spraying amount of the water spraying mechanism are correspondingly increased.
Further, the non-newtonian fluid 15 needs a certain time for restoration, and can be in a compressed state for a long time when the vehicle flow is large, and the air pressure correction in the tube reaches the maximum value, and the water supplementing amount of the bicycle reaches the minimum value, so that unnecessary waste of water resources is avoided. The water supplementing and dust reducing system can automatically adjust the spraying quantity according to the factors of the automobile type, the speed, the flow rate and the like, and is a key for realizing long-term stable operation of the system.
The water spraying mechanism of this embodiment is provided on the road surface body, and the water spraying mechanism is provided with a plurality of along the width direction of porous bituminous pavement, and every water spraying mechanism includes aqueduct 6 and shower nozzle 7.
Wherein the water guide pipe 6 is communicated with the water outlet pipe 5 and the spray head 7. When the pressure in the water outlet pipe 5 is enhanced under the action of the pressure-making mechanism 2, water enters the water guide pipe 6 of the water spraying mechanism, and the water in the water guide pipe 6 is sprayed to the road surface through the spray head 7.
The water guide pipe 6 is connected to the bottom of the water outlet pipe 5 as much as possible, so that not only can the water pressure be higher, but also the water in the water outlet pipe 5 can be utilized to the greatest extent, and the formation of dead water at the bottoms of the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5 is avoided; on the other hand, the upper air and the lower water body in the water outlet pipe 5 are beneficial to the air to squeeze the water body into the water guide pipe 6.
When the water level of the water outlet pipe 5 is insufficient, air can be directly pressed into the spray head 7 through the water guide pipe 6, and at the moment, the spray head 7 only sprays high-pressure gas so as to blow off dust particles blocking the communication holes of the porous asphalt pavement, so that the water permeability of the porous asphalt pavement is ensured, and the service life of the porous asphalt pavement is prolonged.
The shower nozzle 7 exposes in road surface body 1, and shower nozzle 7 is located behind the mechanism 2 of making in the driving direction of road, so car tire is first to making the mechanism 2 effect of pressing, makes moisturizing dust fall system reach the water spray condition and spray the water to the road surface, and the back car is through the road surface that sprays the water, reaches the dust fall effect.
As shown in fig. 6, in order to facilitate the disassembly and maintenance of the shower head 7, the shower head 7 is provided to be connected to the water guide pipe 6 by the pipe connection screw 24, and the shower head 7 includes a nozzle pipe 21, a pressurizing chamber 27, a pressurizing branch pipe 22, and a yoke arm frame 23.
Specifically, the water in the water guide pipe 6 flows into the spray pipe 21, and the spray pipe 21 extends out of the pavement body 1 so as to spray water on a large scale of the pavement body 1. The bottom of the spray pipe 21 is connected with the water guide pipe 6 through the connecting pipe thread 24, and the direction shown in the figure at C is the water inlet direction.
In order to structurally pressurize the water in the nozzle 21, the diameter of the nozzle 21 is set to gradually decrease from the side close to the water guide pipe 6 to the side far from the water guide pipe 6. The size of the top water outlet hole of the spray pipe 21 is set according to the requirement, for example, the size can be set to be 0.1 cm-1 cm, so that more mist drops can be generated under the condition of smaller required air pressure and water adding flow.
The pressurizing chamber 27 is provided around the outer bottom of the nozzle 21, and the pressurizing chamber 27 is connected to the air pressure pipe 28 of the pressure generating mechanism 2, and the pressure generating mechanism 2 presses air into the water outlet pipe 5 and also presses air into the pressurizing chamber 27 to increase the pressure inside the pressurizing chamber 27.
Specifically, an air duct 26 is connected to the air duct 28, and the air duct 26 corresponds to a branch of the air duct 28, and the pipe diameter of the air duct 26 is smaller than that of the water duct 6, so as to reduce the diameter of mist droplets after water atomization. The air duct 26 extends toward the pressurizing cavity 27 and is connected with an air inlet of the pressurizing cavity 27 through the connecting pipe screw thread 24, and the direction shown at the position B in the figure is the air inlet direction.
The pressurizing chamber 27 is connected with a plurality of pressurizing branch pipes 22, and the other ends of the pressurizing branch pipes 22 are connected with the middle part of the spray pipe 21. The middle part is understood to be the position between the two end parts of the nozzle 21. The other ends of the plurality of pressure branch pipes 22 may be connected to the same portion of the nozzle 21 or may be connected to different portions. In this embodiment, the other ends of the plurality of pressure branch pipes 22 are connected to the same portion of the upper end of the nozzle.
And in order to achieve the desired droplet diameter, the diameter of the pressurizing branch pipe 22 is set smaller than that of the nozzle pipe 21. The water body has a water guide pipe 6 which enters the spray pipe 21, forms high-pressure water body under the auxiliary action of the pressurizing branch pipe 22, and forms fog drops after passing through the water outlet of the spray pipe 21.
Since the nozzle 21 is disposed in the vertical direction, the water sprayed from the nozzle 21 tends to be in the vertical direction, and the spraying direction is not ideal. Therefore, a splash box 20 is arranged at the top of the spray pipe 21, the splash box 20 is made of metal, the vertical projection shape of the splash box 20 is circular, the outer edge of the splash box 20 extends downwards in an inclined mode, and the outer edge is toothed.
The columnar water mist is changed into planar water mist by the arrangement of the splash box 20, so that the water can be sprayed upwards directly or laterally, the direction shown in the position A in the figure is the mist outlet direction, the wetting area of the pavement body 1 is obviously increased, the water supplementing effect is improved, and the pavement overflow is not caused.
The yoke arm support 23 in this embodiment wraps the nozzle 21, the pressurizing chamber 27 and the pressurizing branch pipe 22, and the yoke arm support 23 is made of thick-wall metal, and mainly plays a role in protecting the nozzle 21 and the pressurizing branch pipe 22, and prevents the nozzle 21 and the pressurizing branch pipe 22 from being deformed by extrusion of external force.
As shown in fig. 7, in order to achieve a better spraying effect, the spray head 7 should be exposed to the pavement body 1, at least an inner groove should be formed on the pavement body 1, and the spray head 7 is disposed in the inner groove, so as to ensure the spraying effect and avoid the damage of the spray head 7 caused by rolling of the automobile.
In this embodiment, in order to further improve the protection of the spray head 7, the spray head 7 is covered with the cap 19, the cap 19 protrudes from the road surface by about 0.5cm to 1.5cm, and is made of metal material, and is fixed on the porous asphalt pavement body 1 by using the anchoring tie bars, and the cap 19 adopts a hemispherical honeycomb structure, so that the damage caused by the direct impact of the wheel on the spray head can be prevented under the condition of not affecting the water supplementing effect; on the other hand, the lateral water supplementing effect of the shower nozzle 7 can be prevented from being influenced by the accumulation of stones on the periphery of the shower nozzle.
In the water supplementing and dust settling of roads, the closer the particle diameter of fog drops formed by the water adding spray head is to dust particles, the easier the flow-around effect is generated, and the dust can be captured more easily. As shown in fig. 8, the relationship between the air pressure and the average particle diameter of the mist droplets formed by the nozzle is smaller as the air pressure is larger within a certain range.
Water feed flow rate and dust emission (e.g. PM) of the shower head 7 2.5 、PM 5 、PM 10 ) As shown in fig. 9, the emission rate may be expressed according to the formula G (i) =m i Calculating/m, wherein i is the particle size classification of inhalable particles in road dust, and PM is classified 2.5 、PM 5 、PM 10 These three types of particle size fractions are represented by the emission rate (mg/kg), m, of respirable particles of G (i) type i particle size fraction i The discharge amount (mg) of the inhalable particles of class i size fractions and m is the total amount (kg) of the material. In a certain range, the larger the water adding flow of the spray head 7 is, the smaller the emission rate of dust. According to the results shown in fig. 8 and 9, when the air pressure is 0.3MPa, the water adding flow rate of the spray head 7 is controlled within 100mL, and the formed fog drops have larger capturing capability on road dust and better dust settling effect.
The working principle of the water replenishing and dust reducing system of the embodiment is as follows:
the external rainfall enters the water storage cavity 4 through the filtration of the rapid water seepage layer 11 and the low-speed water seepage layer 3 respectively, and after the water level in the water storage cavity 4 reaches a certain degree, the rocker arm 17 in the check valve 12 is automatically pushed to open the valve clack 18, and the water naturally flows into the water outlet pipe 5 under the action of dead weight.
When the automobile runs through the decelerating ridge 13 of the rolling and pressing mechanism 2, the decelerating ridge can be converted into the speed of the piston 14 for compressing air according to the impact force and the rolling force, and the non-Newtonian fluid 15 in the diaphragm 16 corrects the air amount according to the speed of the internal pressure change.
The corrected air is pressed into the water outlet pipe 5, the pressure in the water outlet pipe 5 is increased, the valve clack 18 is automatically closed by the increased pressure, the water flow of the water storage cavity 4 and the water outlet pipe 5 is disconnected, the water in the water outlet pipe 5 enters the water guide pipe 6 under the action of the pressure, and finally the water is pressed into the spray pipe 21 of the spray head 7.
The air part corrected by the pressure making mechanism 2 enters the pressurizing cavity 27 of the spray head 7 through the air duct 26, and the high-pressure air is sprayed to the spray pipe 21 through the pressurizing branch pipe 22. The liquid water and the high-pressure air which are introduced into the spray pipe 21 from front to back meet at the water outlet of the spray pipe 21, the liquid water is atomized, and fog drops formed by atomization are sprayed to the porous asphalt pavement body 1 through the splash box 20 to moisten the pavement body 1.
After leaving the pressure-making mechanism 2, the wheels of the automobile drive into the humidified asphalt pavement, so that the dust-reducing effect is realized. At the same time, the pressure generating mechanism 2 loses the external acting force and recovers under the action of the spring 25, the valve clack 18 is opened again and automatically supplements water to the water outlet pipe 5, and the pressure generating mechanism is reciprocated in this way, so that the purpose of supplementing water and reducing dust is achieved, and the dust reducing effect is more obvious when the vehicle flow is larger.
The water supplementing and dust reducing system of the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, ingenious design and strong applicability, and has the multiple functions of supplementing underground water, reducing the surface runoff of roads, relieving the drainage pressure of the urban rainwater pipe network, improving the skid resistance of the road surface, reducing the urban heat island effect and the like.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. Porous bituminous pavement moisturizing dust fall system, porous bituminous pavement's both sides are non-motor vehicle district, porous bituminous pavement is road surface body, intermediate level and basic unit from top to bottom in proper order, be provided with in the intermediate level and separate the infiltration basic cloth, its characterized in that, porous bituminous pavement moisturizing dust fall system includes:
the water storage mechanism comprises a water storage cavity arranged in the non-motor vehicle region and a water outlet pipe connected with the water storage cavity and extending into the middle layer, wherein the water storage cavity is used for collecting natural precipitation, a check valve is connected between the water storage cavity and the water outlet pipe, a rocker arm is connected in the check valve in a swinging way, a valve clack for controlling water flow on-off between the water storage cavity and the water outlet pipe is connected on the rocker arm, and the valve clack is opened when the water pressure in the water storage cavity is higher than the water pressure in the water outlet pipe;
the pressure-making mechanism is arranged on the pavement body and is communicated with a water outlet pipe of the water storage mechanism through a pneumatic pipe;
the water spraying mechanism is arranged on the pavement body and comprises a water guide pipe and a spray head, the water guide pipe is communicated with the water outlet pipe and the spray head, the spray head is exposed out of the pavement body, and the spray head is positioned behind the pressure making mechanism in the driving direction of a road;
wherein, the structure of making is provided with a plurality of, and every structure of making includes:
a buffer space is reserved between the speed reducing ridge and the pavement body, and the bottom of the speed reducing ridge is connected with a piston rod;
the air pressure pipe extends downwards from the surface of the pavement body, a spring for maintaining a buffer distance is arranged between the air pressure pipe and the bottom of the deceleration ridge, the piston rod extends into the air pressure pipe from the bottom of the deceleration ridge, the bottom of the piston rod is connected with a piston which is matched with the inner diameter of the air pressure pipe, the pipe wall of the air pressure pipe is provided with a radially expanded convex section, the inner wall of the convex section is provided with a liquid placing groove, non-Newtonian fluid is arranged in the liquid placing groove, and the groove surface of the liquid placing groove is connected with a diaphragm;
wherein, the shower nozzle includes:
the spray pipe is connected with the water guide pipe and extends out of the pavement body;
the pressurizing cavity is connected with the air pressure pipe of the pressure making mechanism and is arranged at the bottom of the periphery of the spray pipe in a surrounding mode, the pressurizing cavity is connected with a plurality of pressurizing branch pipes, and the other ends of the pressurizing branch pipes are connected with the middle of the spray pipe;
and the yoke arm support wraps the spray pipe, the pressurizing cavity and the pressurizing branch pipe.
2. The porous asphalt pavement water and dust remediation system of claim 1 wherein the water storage mechanism further comprises a low velocity water seepage layer disposed above the water storage chamber and a fast velocity water seepage layer disposed uppermost in the non-automotive zone; the low-speed water seepage layer is positioned below the quick water seepage layer and is separated from the quick water seepage layer。
3. The porous asphalt pavement water-replenishing and dust-reducing system according to claim 2, wherein the water storage cavity is of a cuboid structure, the low-speed water seepage layer is arranged on the top surface of the cuboid structure, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the bottom of the side wall of the cuboid structure.
4. The porous asphalt pavement water and dust removal system of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the nozzle tube gradually decreases from a side closer to the water conduit to a side farther from the water conduit.
5. The porous asphalt pavement water and dust supplementing system according to claim 1, wherein the top of the spray pipe is connected with a splash box, the vertical projection shape of the splash box is round, the outer edge of the splash box extends obliquely downwards, and the outer edge is toothed.
6. The porous asphalt pavement water and dust removal system of claim 1, wherein the water spray mechanism is covered with a cap, and the cap is a hemispherical honeycomb structure.
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