CN109777412B - 一种双发射荧光碳点及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种双发射荧光碳点及其制备方法和应用。碳点制备步骤:1)将称取一定质量的菠菜液的固体粉末溶解在二次水中,然后向溶液中加入乙二胺,充分搅拌,超声得到澄清溶液;菠菜液的固体粉末、二次水和乙二胺的质量比为5‑20:100:8‑10;2)将上述溶液转移至水热反应釜中,在120℃下反应8h;3)取出反应釜,自然冷却,过滤去除不溶物得到澄清的溶液,通过500‑1000Da的透析袋,在玻璃容器中透析处理1天,每隔4小时换一次水,即得到纯净的碳点的水溶液;4)将上述水溶液冷冻干燥后得到目标碳点。本发明制备方法简单,原料来源广泛,所得碳点光学性质稳定,生物相容性好,该碳点可用于比率荧光连续检测Pb2+和PPi,也可用于纸质传感检测Pb2+和PPi。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及荧光碳点,具体是一种双发射荧光碳点及其制备方法,以及将该碳点作为比率荧光在检测铅和焦磷酸中应用。
背景技术
铅(Pb2+)作为最危险的重金属离子之一,极低的浓度下也会对人类造成严重的身体损害,特别是在儿童中,通过与酶或蛋白质的巯基键合而在体内积累,对脑、神经和心血管造成了不可逆的损伤。因此,一种方便,快捷的方法非常需要。焦磷酸盐(PPi)作为一种最重要的生物阴离子,在生物代谢过程中发挥着重要作用,不仅是生物体内ATP水解的产物,且参与DNA复制过程。因此,PPi的识别在一些疾病研究中已经变得很重要。PPi的当前分析包括酶分析,高效液相色谱,质谱,原子吸收光谱,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法,毛细管电泳和电化学技术。然而,这些方法存在着一些不可避免的缺陷,如昂贵复杂的仪器设备、操作复杂、费时,从而限制了其应用。目前迫切需要发展一种快速、简单的方法来检测Pb2+和PPi。
近年来,碳点作为新型功能碳纳米材料,拥有优越的光学性能、良好的生物相容性、低毒性等性质受而受到极大的关注和广泛的研究,而且具有合成方便、易于修饰、发光范围可调、荧光量子效率高、光稳定性好、易于功能化、价廉、易大规模合成等巨大优势,并且基本上无毒性,更符合细胞标记和生物医学成像的需要。因此,碳量子点在金属离子和小分子荧光探针、生物传感、生物分析等领域体现出重要的应用价值。但目前大多数探针基于碳点的单发射的荧光,相比于单发射波长碳点,双发射的碳点作为比率荧光探针,能够克服来自与待测物无关的因素的干扰,从而提高了测定方法的准确度和灵敏度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种双发射荧光碳点及其制备方法,碳点制备方法简便、设备简单、绿色环保;所制备的双发射荧光碳点可应用于检测Pb2+和/或PPi。
本发明提供的一种双发荧光碳点的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将称取一定质量的菠菜液的固体粉末溶解在二次水中,然后向溶液中加入乙二胺,充分搅拌,超声得到澄清溶液;菠菜液的固体粉末、二次水和乙二胺的质量比为5-20:100:8-10;
2)将上述溶液转移至水热反应釜中,在120℃下反应8h;
3)取出反应釜,自然冷却,过滤去除不溶物得到澄清的溶液,通过500-1000Da的透析袋,在玻璃容器中透析处理1天,每隔4小时换一次水,即得到纯净的碳点水溶液;
4)将上述碳点水溶液冷冻干燥后得到目标碳点。
所述的步骤1)中菠菜液的固体粉末、二次水和乙二胺的质量比优选为10:100:9。
上述方法制备的碳点可用于水溶液中检测Pb2+和/或PPi,也可以用于纸质传感检测Pb2+和/或PPi。
本发明具有以下有益技术效果:
(1)本发明合成步骤简单,不需要后续添加表面钝化剂进行处理,反应物在同一体系中进行碳化、聚合及表面修饰,即可得到目标碳点。
(2)原材料菠菜汁和乙二胺均为普通材料和试剂,与传统量子点制备所需的昂贵反应底物相比来源广泛,价格低廉。
(3)本发明方法所制得的碳点在水溶液中都具有良好的溶解度和分散性,并且是粒径小于10nm的纳米颗粒。
(4)碳点的光学性质稳定,量子产率较高,以硫酸奎宁(量子产率56%)为标准物,所得的碳量子点的相对量子产率一般在10%~20%之间。
总之,本发明操作工艺简单,原料来源广泛,所得碳量子点光学性质稳定,荧光量子产率较高,解决了现有碳量子点制备方法因工艺和原料限制而无法规模化生产等问题,并且,该碳量子点可用于比率荧光连续检测Pb2+和PPi,也可用于纸质传感检测Pb2+和PPi。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的碳点的紫外吸收光谱和荧光激发发射光谱图;
图2为实施例1制备的碳点的红外光谱图,图中横坐标为检测波长,纵坐标为透过率;
图3为实施例1制备的碳点的XPS光谱图;
图4为实施例1制备的碳点的透射电镜图(左侧)和粒径分布图(右侧);
图5为实施例1制备的碳点对金属离子选择及碳点-Pb2+对阴离子的选择性;
图6为实施例1制备的碳点对Pb2+淬灭的荧光光谱图;
图7为实施例1制备的碳点加入Pb2+淬灭的荧光在加入PPi后荧光恢复光光谱图;
图8为实施例1制备的碳点加入Pb2+和PPi后的纸质传感图像;图中的碳点即双发射荧光。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细说明,实施例给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
步骤1,分别称量0.2g菠菜汁固体粉末和2mL乙二胺放置于反应釜中,随后加入20mL二次水,充分搅拌,超声得到澄清溶液;
步骤2,将装有澄清溶液的反应釜放置于烘箱,加热120℃反应12h,得到棕色溶液;
步骤3,取出反应釜,自然冷却,过滤去除不溶物得到澄清的溶液,通过500-1000Da的透析袋,在玻璃容器中透析处理1天,每隔4小时换次水,即得到纯净的碳点的水溶液;
步骤4,将上述碳点水溶液冷冻干燥后得到碳点固体,其相对量子产率(以硫酸奎宁为标准)为22.16%。
实施例2
将实施例1制备的荧光碳点进行荧光激发发射和紫外吸收光谱表征(见图1),进行TEM、红外光谱和XPS表征(见图2-4),得到本发明制备的荧光碳点的粒径均小于10nm,表面含有羧基、羟基、氨基等基团。
实施例3
取实施例1制备的荧光碳点水溶液(50μg/mL)1.8mL置于荧光比色皿中,分别加入0.2mL的18种常见的金属离子溶液(10mmol/L),混合均匀,在荧光光度计中扫描发射光谱(λex=391nm),并记录荧光强度,如图5所示,碳量子点对Pb2+有良好的离子选择性,Pb2+可以使碳量子点的651nm处荧光淬灭,在加入PPi后荧光恢复。为了计算碳点对Pb2+和PPi的荧光检测范围,取实施例1制备的荧光碳点水溶液(50μg/mL)1.8mL置于荧光比色皿中,分别加入0.2mL不同浓度(从低到高)的Pb2+和PPi溶液,混合均匀,在荧光光度计中扫描发射光谱(λex=391nm),当Pb2+存在时,碳点的651nm处的荧光被Pb2+有效淬灭,477nm处的荧光基本保持不变。当体系中继续加入PPi时,651nm处的荧光强度可以恢复,477nm处的荧光基本保持不变。见图6、7。
实施例4
为了评估选择性,取实施例1制备的荧光碳点溶液(50μg/mL)润湿测试试纸条,将含有不同金属离子的各种水溶液分别滴在浸润碳点的试纸条上,晾干,除了Pb2+之外,碳点溶液的颜色在各种金属离子的存在下几乎没有变化,证明探针可以将Pb2+与其它金属离子明显区分开(加入Pb2+的试纸条从粉色变为了青色),结果如图8A所示。此外,还测试了在润湿测试试纸条上滴上不同浓度的Pb2+水溶液的实验,结果表明,随着Pb2+浓度的增加,试纸条的荧光颜色也发生变化,并且与水溶液中的荧光变化表现出相似的结果(见图8C)。在相同的条件下,在荧光碳点溶液中加入适量Pb2+后的试纸条进行评估,发现仅在添加PPi时荧光从青色变为粉红色(如图8B)。同样,测试了在润湿测试试纸条上滴上不同浓度的PPi水溶液的实验,结果表明,随着PPi浓度的增加,试纸条的荧光颜色也发生变化,并且与水溶液中的荧光变化表现出相似的结果(见图8D)。这些实验表明基于试纸的传感器与溶液的传感器有同样的效果。(图中的CDs即代表荧光碳点)。
Claims (4)
1.一种双发射荧光碳点的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)分别称量0.2g菠菜汁固体粉末和2mL乙二胺放置于反应釜中,随后加入20mL二次水,充分搅拌,超声得到澄清溶液;
2)将装有澄清溶液的反应釜放置于烘箱,加热120℃反应12h,得到棕色溶液;
3)取出反应釜,自然冷却,过滤去除不溶物得到澄清的溶液,通过500-1000 Da的透析袋,在玻璃容器中透析处理1天,每隔4小时换次水,即得到纯净的碳点的水溶液;
4)将上述碳点水溶液冷冻干燥后得到目标碳点。
2.如权利要求1所述方法制备的双发射荧光碳点。
3.如权利要求2所述的双发射荧光碳点在连续检测Pb2+和PPi中的应用。
4.如权利要求2所述的双发射荧光碳点在可视纸质连续检测Pb2+和PPi中的应用。
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