CN109768703B - Variable-frequency average current control device and method based on output voltage feedback - Google Patents
Variable-frequency average current control device and method based on output voltage feedback Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a frequency conversion average current control device and method based on output voltage feedback.A detected output voltage and a reference voltage generate a voltage loop error signal after being acted by a voltage loop error amplifier, the error signal and a detected inductive current signal generate a current loop error signal under the action of a current loop error amplifier, the current loop error signal and the detected output voltage generate a driving pulse signal through a frequency conversion modulator, and the driving pulse signal and the driving circuit control a switching device to regulate the output voltage and the output current. The method is characterized in that an output voltage control loop is added on the basis of the traditional average current control. The invention has the outstanding advantages that: compared with the traditional average current mode control, the invention improves the current transient response speed and the light load efficiency of the switching power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of switching power supply equipment, in particular to a variable-frequency average current control device and method based on output voltage feedback.
Background
With the rapid development of electronic information technology, various electronic products are widely used in life and production of people. The normal and efficient operation of these electronic products is not possible without a reliable power supply. Compared with the traditional linear power supply, the switching power supply has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, high efficiency and the like, so that the switching power supply has great attention from the academic and engineering fields and becomes the most active branch in the field of power electronics. However, as electronic products become more powerful, higher and higher requirements are placed on the operating performance, especially the transient performance, of the switching power supply.
The switch power supply mainly comprises a switch power converter and a control circuit, wherein the switch power converter utilizes a power switch device to realize the transmission and conversion of electric energy, and the control circuit controls a control variable according to target requirements. Common switching power converter topological structures include a Buck converter, a Boost converter, a Buck-Boost converter, a forward converter, a flyback converter and the like. The control circuit can detect the change of the control quantity (such as inductive current and output voltage) of the switching power converter, and accordingly generates corresponding pulse signals to control the working state of a power switching device of the switching power converter, so that the energy transmitted to a load is adjusted, and the stable output of the switching power converter is realized. The structure and operating principle of the control circuit are determined by the control method employed by the switching power converter. For a given switching power converter topology, different control methods are adopted to have different influences on the steady-state accuracy, the dynamic performance and the like of the system. The topology of a switching power converter is often fixed for a given application, and therefore the design of the control circuit largely determines the operating performance of the switching power supply.
The traditional average current control technology is a common control method of a switching power converter, has the advantages of high current control precision, strong anti-interference capability and the like, and is applied to various electronic products. However, switching power converters based on conventional average current control have poor transient performance. In addition, because the switching frequency is fixed, when the switching power converter operates under light load, the proportion of the total loss of the switching loss is large, and the light load power is low. Therefore, there is a need for improvements to conventional average current control techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a variable-frequency average current control device and method based on output voltage feedback, and the transient response speed and the light load efficiency of the traditional average current control are improved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a variable frequency average current control device based on output voltage feedback comprises a power circuit and a controller for a switch power supply, wherein,
the power circuit comprises an input device, a switching device, a filtering device and an output device which are sequentially connected, wherein the input device is connected to the switching device, is transmitted to the filtering device after passing through the switching device, and enters the output device after passing through the action of the filtering device;
the controller comprises a voltage detection device, a reference voltage, a voltage ring error amplifier, a current sampling device, a current ring error amplifier, a variable frequency modulator and a driving circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage detection device is connected to an output device, and the output end of the voltage detection device and the reference voltage are respectively connected with two input ends of the voltage ring error amplifier; the input end of the current sampling device is connected to the filtering device, the output end of the current sampling device and the output end of the voltage loop error amplifier are respectively connected with two input ends of the current loop error amplifier, the output end of the current loop error amplifier and the output end of the voltage detection device are connected with the variable frequency modulator, the output end of the variable frequency modulator is connected with the driving circuit, the driving circuit is connected to the switching device and used for controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the switching device, and the input end of the switching device is connected with the input device.
The voltage detection device detects the output voltage, and performs error amplification with the reference voltage through a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a voltage error signal; the current detection device detects current, and performs error amplification with a voltage error signal provided by a voltage loop through a current loop error amplifier to obtain a current loop error signal; the current loop error signal and the output voltage detected by the voltage detection device pass through the frequency conversion modulator to generate a driving pulse signal, and the driving pulse signal controls the main circuit to work through the driving circuit.
A frequency conversion average current control method based on output voltage feedback comprises the circuit and further comprises the following steps:
when the input of the switching power supply is connected to the voltage V of the input deviceinThe output voltage v of the output device is detected by the voltage detection device when the switching power supply is powered onoAnd detecting the output voltage voAnd a reference voltage VrefGenerating a voltage loop error signal v via the action of a voltage loop error amplifiercon_v(ii) a Meanwhile, the current sampling device collects the current signal R of the filter deviceSiLAnd detecting the current signal RSiLAnd voltage loop error signal vcon_vGenerating a current loop error signal v via the action of a current loop error amplifiercon_i(ii) a Then, the current loop error signal vcon_iThe output voltage generates a driving pulse signal through a frequency conversion modulator, and the driving pulse signal controls the on and off of the switching device through a driving circuit so as toAnd regulates the output voltage and output current of the switching power converter.
When the output voltage is smaller than the current loop error signal, the frequency conversion modulator outputs and keeps a high level signal, and a power switch tube is conducted through a driving circuit; otherwise, the frequency conversion modulator outputs and keeps a low-level signal, and the power switch tube is turned off.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional average current control, the invention improves the current transient response speed and the light load efficiency of the switching power converter when the current loop error signal is suddenly changed.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a control system implementing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a time domain simulation waveform diagram of a Buck converter controlled by the average current according to the embodiment of the present invention and a conventional average current at the positive transition of a current loop error signal; wherein, (a) a current loop error signal waveform; (b) the traditional average current controls the inductance current waveform of the Buck converter; (c) the method controls the inductance current waveform of the Buck converter.
FIG. 4 is a time domain simulation waveform diagram of a Buck converter controlled by an embodiment of the invention and a conventional average current at a negative transition of a current loop error signal; wherein, (d) current loop error signal waveform; (e) the traditional average current controls the inductance current waveform of the Buck converter; (f) the method controls the inductance current waveform of the Buck converter.
Fig. 5 is a graph of simulated waveforms in time domain with load shedding for a conventional average current controlled Buck converter according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) the inductor current waveform and the load current waveform of the conventional average current controlled Buck converter; (b) the driving pulse signal waveform of the conventional average current controlled Buck converter; (c) the method controls the inductance current waveform and the load current waveform of the Buck converter; (d) the drive pulse signal waveform of the Buck converter controlled by the method is provided.
In the figure: 1. the circuit comprises an input device, 2, a switching device, 3, a filtering device, 4, an output device, 5, a voltage detection device, 6, a reference voltage, 7, a voltage loop error amplifier, 8, a current sampling device, 9, a current loop error amplifier, 10, a frequency conversion modulator, 11 and a driving circuit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This figure is a simplified schematic diagram, and merely illustrates the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore it shows only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a variable frequency average current control apparatus based on output voltage feedback, in which a power circuit is arranged outside a dashed line frame, and the apparatus includes: an input device 1, a switch device 2, a filter device 3 and an output device 4; connection relation: the input device 1 is connected to the switch device 2, and is transmitted to the filter device 3 after passing through the switch device 2, and enters the output device 4 after passing through the filter device 3.
The input device 1 is a device for providing input voltage, and can adopt a lithium battery or a storage battery and the like; the switching device 2 can adopt a field effect transistor, a triode and the like; the filter 3 can adopt a low-pass filter consisting of an inductor and a capacitor or a filter consisting of a single inductor; the output device 4 can adopt a power resistor, a super capacitor, a microprocessor or an LED and the like.
Within the dashed box is a controller comprising: the device comprises a voltage detection device 5, a reference voltage 6, a voltage loop error amplifier 7, a current sampling device 8, a current loop error amplifier 9, a frequency conversion modulator 10 and a drive circuit 11; connection relation: the voltage detection device 5 and the reference voltage 6 connected to the output 4 are respectively connected to two input ends of a voltage ring error amplifier 7; the current sampling device 8 connected to the filtering device 3 and the output end of the voltage loop error amplifier 7 are respectively connected to two input ends of a current loop error amplifier 9, the output end of the current loop error amplifier 9 and the output end of the voltage detection device 5 are connected to a frequency conversion modulator 10, the output end of the frequency conversion modulator 10 is connected to a driving circuit 11, and the driving circuit 11 is used for controlling the on and off of the switching device 2.
The voltage detection device 5 may adopt a voltage follower built by an operational amplifier; the reference voltage 6 can be provided by an auxiliary power supply or a voltage stabilizing chip; the voltage loop error amplifier 7 can adopt a PI compensator or a PID compensator built by an operational amplifier; the current sampling device 8 can be realized by adopting a differential amplification circuit built by an operational amplifier; the current loop error amplifier 9 can adopt an integrator or a PI compensator built by an operational amplifier; the frequency conversion modulator 10 may be composed of a comparator, a turn-on timer, and an RS trigger; the driving circuit 11 may use an IR2125 or IR2110 driving chip.
Fig. 2 shows the application of the present invention in a Buck converter, in which the input device 1 uses a battery as an input signal and the input voltage is VinThe range of (A) can be selected from 10V-20V; a field effect transistor S is used as the switching device 2, preferably of the type IRF 540; a low-pass filter consisting of an inductor and a capacitor is used as the filtering device 3; a power resistor R is adopted as an output device 4, and the range of the power resistor R is 0.5-10 omega; a voltage follower built by an operational amplifier is adopted as a voltage detection device 5; a voltage stabilizing chip is adopted to provide a reference voltage 6, preferably a model 78L 05; a PI compensator built by an operational amplifier is used as a voltage ring error amplifier 7; a differential amplification circuit built by an operational amplifier is adopted as a current sampling device 8; an integrator built up by an operational amplifier is used as a current loop error amplifier 9; a frequency conversion modulator composed of a comparator, a conduction timer and an RS trigger is adopted as the frequency conversion modulator 10; an integrated driver chip, preferably of the type IR2125, is used as driver circuit 11.
The specific working process and principle are as follows: at the sampling time, the output voltage v detected by the voltage detection deviceoAnd a reference voltage VrefGenerating a voltage loop error signal v via a voltage loop error amplifiercon_v. At the same time, the current detection device will detect the current signal RSiLAnd voltage loop error signal vcon_vGenerating a current loop error signal v via a current loop error amplifiercon_i. Then, the current loop error signal and the output voltage are compared through a frequency conversion modulator, and the output driveA pulse signal. When the output voltage v isoLess than the current loop error signal vcon_iWhen the voltage is higher than the set voltage, the frequency conversion modulator outputs and keeps a high level, and the power switch tube is conducted; otherwise, the frequency conversion modulator outputs and keeps low level, so that the power switch tube is turned off, and the switching power converter is adjusted to work stably.
And (3) simulation result analysis:
fig. 3 is a simulation waveform diagram of a Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current control and the method of the present invention respectively by using PSIM software when a current loop error signal is in positive transition, and simulation conditions are as follows: input voltage Vin15V, output voltage Vo＝Vref5V, 50 muH of inductance L, 330 muF of capacitance C, 20 mOmega of capacitance equivalent series resistance R, 1 omega of load R, and current detection coefficient RS1V/A, fixed on-time TON3.3 mus, 10 mus, and Vm＝3V。
Fig. 3 shows graphs (a), (b) and (c) respectively corresponding to the current loop error signal, the inductive current of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current, and the inductive current of the Buck converter controlled by the method of the present invention. The horizontal axes of the partial graphs (a), (b) and (c) are time (ms), and the vertical axis of (a) is the current loop error signal voltage (V), and the vertical axis of (b) and (c) is the inductor current (a). In fig. 3, in the partial graph (a), at 8.5ms, the current loop error signal jumps from 5V to 7V; as can be seen from the graph (b), the overshoot of the inductance current of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current is 2.57A, the undershoot is 1.26A, and the recovery time required for entering the new steady state from the original steady state is about 0.188 ms; as can be seen from the partial diagram (c), the overshoot and undershoot of the inductance current of the Buck converter controlled by the method are small and almost zero, and the recovery time required for entering the new steady state from the original steady state is also short and can be almost ignored. Therefore, when the current loop error signal generates positive jump, the transient response speed of the method is obviously superior to that of the traditional average current control technology.
Fig. 4 is a simulated waveform diagram of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current control and the method of the present invention at the negative transition of the current loop error signal. The horizontal axes of the partial graphs (d), (e) and (f) are time (ms), the vertical axis of the partial graph (d) is the current loop error signal voltage (V), (e) and (f), and the vertical axis of the partial graph (d) is the inductance current (A). In fig. 4, in the partial graph (a), at 8.5ms, the current loop error signal jumps from 5V to 3V; as can be seen from the partial diagram (b), the undershoot of the inductance current of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current is 2.218A, the overshoot is 0.67A, and the recovery time required for entering the new steady state from the original steady state is about 0.17 ms; as can be seen from the partial diagram (c), the overshoot and undershoot of the inductance current of the Buck converter controlled by the method are small and almost zero, and the recovery time required for entering the new steady state from the original steady state is also short and can be almost ignored. Therefore, when the current loop error signal generates negative jump, the transient response speed of the method is obviously superior to that of the traditional average current control technology.
Fig. 5 is a simulated waveform diagram of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current control and the method of the present invention, which decreases with the load current when the converter operates in DCM, that is, in a light load state, and the simulation conditions are the same except that the load R is 16 Ω. Fig. 5 is a partial graph (a), (b), (c) and (d) which respectively correspond to the inductive current and the load current of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current, the driving pulse signal of the Buck converter controlled by the conventional average current, the inductive current and the load current of the Buck converter controlled by the method of the present invention and the driving pulse signal of the Buck converter controlled by the method of the present invention. The horizontal axes of the partial graphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) are all time (ms), and the vertical axes of (a) and (c) are the currents (a), (b) and (d) and the vertical axis thereof is the driving pulse signal voltage (V). In fig. 5, the load current is decreased from 0.3125A to 0.0125A, and as can be seen from the partial graphs (a) and (b), the switching period of the conventional average current controlled Buck converter is not affected by the load current variation in the light load state; as can be seen from the partial graphs (c) and (d), in the light load state, the switching period of the Buck converter controlled by the method of the invention is increased and decreased along with the decrease of the load current, so that the switching loss in the light load state is reduced. Because the proportion of the switching loss to the power loss of the converter is large in the light-load state, the power loss of the converter can be reduced by reducing the switching loss, and therefore the light-load efficiency is improved. Therefore, compared with the traditional average current control technology, the method can effectively improve the light-load efficiency of the switching power converter.
In light of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments in accordance with the invention, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a frequency conversion average current controlling means based on output voltage feedback which characterized in that: comprising a power circuit and a controller for a switching power supply, wherein,
the power circuit comprises an input device, a switching device, a filtering device and an output device which are sequentially connected, wherein the input device is connected to the switching device, is transmitted to the filtering device after passing through the switching device, and enters the output device after passing through the action of the filtering device;
the controller comprises a voltage detection device, a reference voltage, a voltage ring error amplifier, a current sampling device, a current ring error amplifier, a variable frequency modulator and a driving circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage detection device is connected to an output device, and the output end of the voltage detection device and the reference voltage are respectively connected with two input ends of the voltage ring error amplifier; the input end of the current sampling device is connected to the filtering device, the output end of the current sampling device and the output end of the voltage loop error amplifier are respectively connected with two input ends of the current loop error amplifier, the output end of the current loop error amplifier and the output end of the voltage detection device are connected with two input ends of the variable frequency modulator, the output end of the variable frequency modulator is connected with the driving circuit, the driving circuit is connected to the switching device for controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the switching device, and the input end of the switching device is connected with the input device;
the voltage detection device detects output voltage, and performs error amplification with reference voltage through a voltage loop error amplifier to obtain a voltage error signal; the current sampling device detects current, and performs error amplification on the current and a voltage error signal provided by a voltage loop error amplifier through a current loop error amplifier to obtain a current loop error signal; the current loop error signal and the output voltage are compared through a frequency conversion modulator to generate a driving pulse signal, and the driving pulse signal controls the main circuit to work through a driving circuit.
2. A method for controlling the variable frequency average current control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the following steps:
when the input of the switching power supply is connected to the input device, i.e. the switching power supply is powered on, the voltage detection device detects the output voltage v of the output deviceoAnd detecting the output voltage voAnd a reference voltage VrefGenerating a voltage loop error signal v via a voltage loop error amplifiercon_v(ii) a Meanwhile, the current sampling device collects the current signal R of the filter deviceSiL(ii) a Detected current signal RSiLAnd voltage loop error signal vcon_vGenerating a current loop error signal v via a current loop error amplifiercon_i(ii) a Then, the current loop error signal vcon_iAnd an output voltage voThe frequency conversion modulator generates a driving pulse signal, and the switching-on and switching-off of the switching device are controlled through the driving circuit.
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| CN110739845B (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-01-29 | 常州大学 | Switch converter for improving transient performance of variable-frequency current type control |
| CN111431388B (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2022-05-20 | 常州大学 | Control device capable of improving transient performance of variable-frequency ripple control |
| CN111722073B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-06-29 | 上海交通大学 | MMC sub-module capacitor ESR value online monitoring method and device |
| CN111799989B (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2021-06-08 | 电子科技大学 | Overcurrent detection circuit applied to current mode COT control Buck converter |
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Application publication date: 20190517 Assignee: Changzhou Ruixinteng Microelectronics Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHANGZHOU University Contract record no.: X2023980054127 Denomination of invention: A variable frequency average current control device and method based on output voltage feedback Granted publication date: 20201030 License type: Common License Record date: 20231227 |