CN109768640B - Synchronous motor - Google Patents
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- CN109768640B CN109768640B CN201910183205.0A CN201910183205A CN109768640B CN 109768640 B CN109768640 B CN 109768640B CN 201910183205 A CN201910183205 A CN 201910183205A CN 109768640 B CN109768640 B CN 109768640B
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to a synchronous motor, which combines the advantages of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a synchronous reluctance motor, utilizes the characteristic that the rotors of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the synchronous reluctance motor are easy to combine, and axially combines the rotors according to a certain rule, so that the combined new rotor can generate higher torque by adopting an optimized permanent magnet rotor structure, and can generate larger reluctance torque by adopting an optimized reluctance rotor to form higher salient pole ratio. The novel structure not only improves the power density of the motor, saves the consumption of permanent magnet materials and improves the stability of the motor, but also can adjust the proportion of reluctance torque in total torque by adjusting the proportion of the total overlapping length of the two rotor modules, thereby changing the amplitude of no-load counter potential, improving the overspeed performance of the motor and adapting to different application occasions such as constant power speed regulation, constant torque speed regulation and the like in an optimal state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a synchronous motor, and belongs to the technical field of motors.
Background
The existing permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of high efficiency and high power density, and is widely applied to industry driving and new energy automobile industries. For the application occasions requiring constant power overspeed, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is difficult to be demagnetized, so that the overspeed multiple of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is low, and the speed range of constant power operation is limited. The permanent magnet synchronous motor is mainly divided into a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor and a built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor. Although the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor adopts various ways to expand the overspeed multiple and constant power operation range, for example: the salient pole ratio is increased by adopting the rotor magnetic steel structures such as V type, double V type, inverted A type and the like so as to reduce the consumption of rare earth neodymium iron boron and fully utilize the reluctance torque, but the salient pole ratio is difficult to be greatly improved due to the limited structure, the reluctance torque is limited, and the overspeed multiple is still limited and is generally not more than 3 times; and the permanent magnet synchronous motor needs more neodymium iron boron permanent magnet materials, and has higher cost.
The synchronous reluctance motor is a synchronous motor which utilizes the difference of rotor alternating-axis reluctance and direct-axis reluctance to generate reluctance torque, and the rotor is provided with no permanent magnet, so that the synchronous reluctance motor has the advantages of lower cost, simplicity in processing, higher torque density and efficiency and wide speed regulation range; but also has the disadvantages of low power factor and not very high efficiency. In the prior art, the optimization design method for the synchronous reluctance motor comprises the steps of increasing the salient pole ratio, strengthening the rotor structure, adding permanent magnets in the magnetic barrier grooves and the like to improve the efficiency and the power factor, wherein the permanent magnet material adopts low residual magnetic induction permanent magnet materials such as ferrite and the like to replace high residual magnetic induction permanent magnet materials such as neodymium iron boron and the like to reduce the cost, but the methods have defects. Disadvantages of using the ferrite material alternative method are: the maximum magnetic energy product is far lower than that of the neodymium iron boron material, so that the power density of the motor is reduced, and the volume is increased; the magnetic performance is greatly influenced by temperature, and the stability of the motor performance is influenced; the coercive force temperature coefficient is positive, the coercive force increases with the rise of temperature and decreases with the fall of temperature, and the checking calculation of the maximum demagnetizing operation point at the lowest temperature is performed at the time of use so as to prevent irreversible demagnetization at low temperature. The method for adding the permanent magnet into the magnetic barrier groove has the following defects: in order to generate larger reluctance torque, the synchronous reluctance motor is required to be designed with higher salient pole ratio, so that the thickness of the magnetic barrier groove is larger, and if the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is replaced in the synchronous reluctance motor, the magnetic steel is thicker, so that great waste is generated.
In the prior art, the precedent of the optimized design for the permanent magnet synchronous motor or the synchronous reluctance motor is not overcome, and the problems of high cost, low overspeed multiple, and comprehensive optimization of motor efficiency and cost of the permanent magnet motor are not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the permanent magnet synchronous motor has higher cost and lower overspeed multiple.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention provides a synchronous motor, which comprises a stator, a rotor positioned in the stator and a rotating shaft penetrated with the rotor, and is characterized in that the rotor is formed by coaxially and concentrically combining m rotor modules I and n rotor modules II, and the m rotor modules I and the n rotor modules II are separated by a certain axial gap; the first rotor module adopts a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor; and the rotor module II adopts a rotor structure of the synchronous reluctance motor.
Preferably, the average axis of the axes of the N poles of the m rotor modules one lags the average axis of the reluctance minimum axis of the N rotor modules two by an angle γ, and the angle γ satisfies the following formula:
γ p p gamma, where gamma p Representing the electric angle, and the gamma is not less than 20 degrees p Less than or equal to 150 degrees; p represents the pole pair number of the synchronous motor.
Preferably, the length of the axial gap is not less than the length of the single-sided air gap formed between the rotor module one and the stator.
Preferably, the outer diameters of the m rotor modules are the same.
Preferably, the outer diameters of the n rotor modules two are the same.
Preferably, the axes of the N poles of one of the m rotor modules are sequentially staggered in the same direction by the same angle alpha.
Preferably, m is 1 to 8.
Preferably, when m is 4, 6 or 8, the axes of N poles of the first m/2 rotor modules are sequentially staggered by the same angle 2 alpha along the rotation direction of the rotor along the axial direction; the N polar axes of the first rotor modules of the rear m/2 are staggered by the same angle 2 alpha in sequence against the rotation direction of the rotor; the m/2 th rotor module one and the (m/2+1) th rotor module one have the N pole axes coincident.
Preferably, α=θ/m, where θ is 0.9 to 1.1 times the stator slot pitch angle.
Preferably, the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the n rotor modules II are sequentially staggered in the same direction by the same angle beta.
Preferably, n is 1 to 8.
Preferably, when n is 4, 6 or 8, n/2 of the minimum reluctance axes of the rotor modules II are sequentially staggered by the same angle 2 beta along the rotation direction of the rotor along the axial front direction; the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the second rotor modules are sequentially staggered by the same angle 2 beta in the direction opposite to the rotor movement direction; the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the nth/2 rotor module II and the (n/2+1) th rotor module II are coincident.
Preferably, the β=θ/n, where θ is 0.9 to 1.1 times the stator slot pitch angle.
Preferably, the first rotor module and the second rotor module are formed by laminating silicon steel sheets.
Preferably, the ratio of the total stack length of the m rotor modules one to the total stack length of the n rotor modules two is: 0.1 to 10.
The invention combines the advantages of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the synchronous reluctance motor, utilizes the characteristic that the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the synchronous reluctance motor are easy to combine, axially combines the two rotors according to a certain rule, adopts a synchronous reluctance motor rotor structure with larger salient poles on the rotor, and can also adopt an independent synchronous motor rotor structure which is not influenced by the synchronous reluctance motor structure, so that the combined new rotor can adopt an optimized permanent magnet rotor structure to generate higher torque, and can also adopt an optimized reluctance rotor to form higher salient pole ratio to generate larger reluctance torque. The novel structure not only improves the power density of the motor, saves the consumption of permanent magnet materials and improves the stability of the motor, but also can adjust the proportion of reluctance torque in total torque by adjusting the proportion of the total overlapping length of the two rotor modules, thereby changing the amplitude of no-load counter potential, improving the overspeed performance of the motor and adapting to different application occasions such as constant power speed regulation, constant torque speed regulation and the like in an optimal state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an electric motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric motor according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of section B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rotor module I and relative positions of the rotor module of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a second rotor module and relative positions of the rotor module of FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an axial angular position relationship (m=n=1) of the rotor module one and the rotor module two in fig. 1 when they are combined;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a rotor module I and relative positions of the rotor module of FIG. 2;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second rotor module and relative position of the rotor module of FIG. 2;
fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the axial angular position relationship (m=n=2) of the rotor module one and the rotor module two in fig. 2, in which:
1-a stator; 2-m rotor modules I; 3-n rotor modules II; 2A-m = one of the 2 rotor modules one; 2B-m = another of the one of the 2 rotor modules; 3A-n=2 rotor modules two; 3B-n=2 rotor modules two; 4-an axial gap between the first rotor module and the second rotor module; an average axis of the axes of the N poles of one of the 5-m rotor modules; an average axis of minimum reluctance axes of 6-n rotor modules two; a combination of 7-m rotor modules one 2 and n rotor modules two 3; arrows in fig. 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 indicate the rotor rotation direction.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is understood that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a synchronous motor disclosed in this embodiment includes a stator 1 and a rotor. The rotor comprises 1 rotor module one 2 and 1 rotor module two 3. The first rotor module 2 adopts a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and a permanent magnet is arranged on the first rotor module 2. The rotor module II 3 adopts a rotor structure of a synchronous reluctance motor, and the rotor module II 3 is provided with no permanent magnet.
A schematic cross-sectional view of a rotor module one 2 is shown in fig. 2; a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor module two 3 is shown in fig. 3.
The rotor module I2 and the rotor module II 3 are coaxially and concentrically combined together and fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor. The rotor modules one 2 and two 3 are separated by a certain axial gap 4. The length of the axial gap 4 is not smaller than the length of a unilateral air gap formed between the first rotor module 2 and the stator 1, so that the end leakage magnetism of the first rotor module 2 is reduced and the magnetic resistances of the alternating axis and the direct axis of the second rotor module 3 are not changed greatly. The outer diameter of the first rotor module 2 and the outer diameter of the second rotor module 3 may be different or the same.
The position of the axis 5 of the rotor module one 2 and its N-pole is shown in fig. 4; the position of the rotor module II 3 and the minimum reluctance axis 6 thereof is shown in figure 5; the relative positional relationship of the rotor module one 2 and the rotor module two 3 after being combined together is shown in fig. 6. Vector I in fig. 4, 5, and 6 is a stator current integration vector; the angle of the axis 5 lagging the axis 6 is γ, which satisfies the following requirements: gamma ray p P gamma, where gamma p Represents the electrical angle and is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than or equal to gamma degrees p Less than or equal to 150 degrees; p represents the pole pair number of the synchronous motor. For example, for a combination of stator and rotor modules one 2, the stator current exceedsThe electrical angle of the axis preceding the N pole is ψ1; for the combination of stator and rotor module two 3, the electrical angle of the stator current leading the minimum axis of reluctance is ψ2;
typically there are:
when ψ1=120°, ψ2=60°, then γ is present p ＝120°-60°＝60°；
When ψ1=160°, ψ2=10°, then γ is present p ＝160°-10°＝150°；
When ψ1=90°, ψ2=70°, then γ is present p ＝90°-70°＝20°。
Example 2
As shown in fig. 7, a synchronous motor disclosed in this embodiment includes a stator 1 and a rotor. The rotor comprises 2 rotor modules one 2A, 2B and 2 rotor modules two 3A, 3B. The 2 rotor modules one 2A, 2B and the 2 rotor modules two 3A, 3B are coaxially and concentrically combined together and fixed on the rotating shaft of the motor. The 2 first rotor modules 2A, 2B and the 2 second rotor modules 3A, 3B are separated by a certain axial gap 4. The length of the axial gap 4 is not smaller than the length of the unilateral air gap formed between the first rotor modules 2A and 2B and the stator 1, so that the leakage magnetism of the end parts of the first rotor modules 2A and 2B is reduced and the magnetic resistance of the alternating and direct axes of the second rotor modules 3A and 3B is not changed greatly. The outer diameters of the 2 rotor modules one 2A and 2B are the same, and the outer diameters of the 2 rotor modules two 3A and 3B are the same, but the outer diameters of the rotor modules one 2A and 2B and the rotor modules two 3A and 3B may be different or the same. In general, the length of the air gap between the rotor modules two 3A, 3B and the stator 1 is smaller than the length of the air gap between the rotor modules one 2A, 2B and the stator 1.
The axes of the N poles of the 2 rotor modules 2A, 2B in the embodiment of fig. 7 are sequentially offset in the same direction by the same angle α, the average axis 5 and relative position of which are shown in fig. 8.
The minimum reluctance axes of the 2 rotor modules 3A, 3B in the embodiment shown in fig. 7 are sequentially offset in the same direction by the same angle β, and the average axes 6 and relative positions are shown in fig. 9.
The relative positions of the 2 rotor modules one 2A, 2B and the 2 rotor modules two 3A, 3B in the embodiment shown in fig. 7 are shown in fig. 10.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, the average axis 5 of the axes of the N poles of the 2 rotor modules one 2A, 2B lags behind the average axis 6 of the reluctance minimum axis of the 2 rotor modules two 3A, 3B by an angle γ which satisfies the following requirements: gamma ray p P gamma, where gamma p Represents the electrical angle and is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than or equal to gamma degrees p Less than or equal to 150 degrees; p represents the pole pair number of the synchronous motor.
Further, the number of rotor modules of the synchronous motor is not limited to the above two embodiments, and m may be m=1 to 8. The number of rotor modules two of the synchronous motor can be n, and n=1 to 8. In order to reduce the no-load cogging torque and the load torque ripple, when m.gtoreq.2, m rotor modules one may be staggered in any of the following 2 ways:
the axes of N poles of m rotor modules are sequentially staggered in the same direction by the same angle alpha, wherein the angle alpha=theta/m, and in the formula, theta is 0.9-1.1 times of stator slot angle.
When m is 4, 6 or 8, the axes of N poles of the first m/2 rotor modules are sequentially staggered by the same angle 2 alpha along the rotation direction along the axial direction; the N polar axes of the first rotor modules of the rear m/2 rotor modules are staggered by the same angle 2 alpha in sequence opposite to the rotation direction; the axes of the m/2 th rotor module one and the N pole of the (m/2+1) th rotor module one coincide.
In order to reduce the idle cogging torque and the load torque ripple, when n is not less than 2, n rotor modules two may be arranged with staggered poles in any of the following 2 ways:
the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the n rotor modules II are sequentially staggered in the same direction by the same angle beta; angle β=θ/n, where θ is 0.9 to 1.1 times the stator slot angle.
When n is 4, 6 or 8, the minimum reluctance axes of the first n/2 rotor modules are sequentially staggered by the same angle 2 beta along the rotation direction; the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the second rotor modules of the rear n/2 rotor modules are staggered by the same angle 2 beta in sequence against the rotation direction; the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the nth/2 rotor module II and the (n/2+1) th rotor module II are coincident.
The synchronous motor can be a motor or a generator, and is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. The synchronous motor comprises a stator (1), a rotor positioned in the stator and a rotating shaft penetrated with the rotor, and is characterized in that the rotor is formed by coaxially and concentrically combining m rotor modules I (2) and n rotor modules II (3), the m rotor modules I (2) and the n rotor modules II (3) are separated by a certain axial gap (4), m is 1-8, and n is 1-8; the rotor module I (2) adopts a rotor structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor; and the rotor module II (3) adopts a rotor structure of the synchronous reluctance motor.
2. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the average axis (5) of the axes of the N poles of the m rotor modules one (2) lags the average axis (6) of the reluctance minimum axis of the N rotor modules two (3) by an angle γ, and in that the angle γ satisfies the following formula:
γ p p gamma, where gamma p Representing the electric angle, and the gamma is not less than 20 degrees p Less than or equal to 150 degrees; p represents the pole pair number of the synchronous motor.
3. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the axial gap (4) is not smaller than the length of the unilateral air gap formed between the rotor module one (2) and the stator (1).
4. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameters of the m rotor modules one (2) are identical.
5. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer diameters of the n rotor modules two (3) are identical.
6. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the axes of the N poles of the m rotor modules one (2) are sequentially staggered in the same direction by the same angle α.
7. Synchronous machine according to claim 6, characterized in that when m is 4 or 6 or 8, the axes of N poles of the first (2) rotor modules m/2 axially forward are sequentially offset by the same angle 2α along the rotor rotation direction; the N pole axes of the rear m/2 rotor modules one (2) are staggered by the same angle 2 alpha in sequence against the rotation direction of the rotor; the m/2 th rotor module one (2) and the (m/2+1) th rotor module one (2) are overlapped in the axis of N pole.
8. A synchronous machine according to claim 6, characterized in that α = θ/m, where θ is 0.9-1.1 times the stator slot pitch angle.
9. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the reluctance minimum axes of the n rotor modules two (3) are sequentially staggered in the same direction by the same angle β.
10. Synchronous machine according to claim 9, characterized in that when n is 4 or 6 or 8, the reluctance minimum axes of the axially preceding n/2 rotor modules two (3) are sequentially offset by the same angle 2β along the rotor rotation direction; the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the rear n/2 rotor modules II (3) are staggered by the same angle 2 beta in sequence against the rotor movement direction; the minimum magnetic resistance axes of the nth/2 second rotor module (3) and the (n/2+1) th second rotor module (3) are coincident.
11. A synchronous machine according to claim 9, characterized in that β = θ/n, where θ is 0.9-1.1 times the stator slot pitch angle.
12. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor module one (2) and the rotor module two (3) are laminated from silicon steel sheets.
13. Synchronous machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the total stack length of m rotor modules one (2) to the total stack length of n rotor modules two (3) is: 0.1 to 10.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910183205.0A CN109768640B (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | Synchronous motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910183205.0A CN109768640B (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | Synchronous motor |
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| CN109768640A CN109768640A (en) | 2019-05-17 |
| CN109768640B true CN109768640B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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| CN112182884B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-06-27 | 上海电机系统节能工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Motor design method, apparatus, electronic device, and computer-readable storage medium |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004072978A (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-04 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Electric motor |
| CN103904846A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-07-02 | 江苏大学 | Stator permanent magnet type dual-rotor motor structure for hybrid electric vehicle |
| CN107579636A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-12 | 东南大学 | A kind of axial block form mixed rotor motor |
| CN208364446U (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-01-11 | 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 | Fan |
| CN209488289U (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-10-11 | 上海电机系统节能工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Synchronous motor |
-
2019
- 2019-03-12 CN CN201910183205.0A patent/CN109768640B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004072978A (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-04 | Equos Research Co Ltd | Electric motor |
| CN103904846A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-07-02 | 江苏大学 | Stator permanent magnet type dual-rotor motor structure for hybrid electric vehicle |
| CN107579636A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-12 | 东南大学 | A kind of axial block form mixed rotor motor |
| CN208364446U (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-01-11 | 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 | Fan |
| CN209488289U (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-10-11 | 上海电机系统节能工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Synchronous motor |
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