CN109764909A - A kind of monitoring system and method for discharge gas flow velocity and particulate matter component - Google Patents
A kind of monitoring system and method for discharge gas flow velocity and particulate matter component Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002536 laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 44
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 12
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of discharge gas flow velocity and the monitoring system and methods of particulate matter component.The monitoring system includes two gas flow rate signal collectors, gas particles object laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal picker, spectrometer and signal analysis module；Two gas flow rate signal collectors are parallelly mounted in flue along the axial direction of flue；Each gas flow rate signal collector is installed along flue diametrical direction, two gas flow rate signal collectors are connect with the signal analysis module, the gas particles object laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal picker is installed in flue along the diameter of flue, the gas particles object laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal picker is connect with the spectrometer by armored fiber optic, and the spectrometer is connect by data line with the signal analysis module.The present invention realizes the comprehensive on-line monitoring of gas flow rate and particulate matter component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a system and a method for monitoring the flow velocity of exhaust gas and particulate matter components.
Background
While the social economy is rapidly developed, the waste gas, waste water, particulate matters and the like released by industrial production cause serious pollution to the natural environment, so that the environmental protection faces serious challenges and the wide attention of the world is attracted. The problem of particulate pollution is another important factor causing the deterioration of modern living environment, the particulate pollution is air pollution formed by solid small particles in the air caused by industrial production, the particulate pollution often poses serious threats to the life and health of people, some small particles (PM2.5) in the particulate matter can also enter blood through bronchus and alveolus, harmful heavy metals in the blood are dissolved in the blood, and the harm to the health of human bodies is larger. In order to realize environmental management, the total emission amount of the pollution gas needs to be monitored, and the real-time online monitoring of the emission speed and the gas concentration is two indispensable preconditions in the process. The flue gas flow velocity measuring instrument based on the optical method has the characteristics of non-intervention, strong environmental factor interference resistance and the like, can be used on a flue under extreme conditions of high temperature, explosion and the like, and is increasingly emphasized in industrial monitoring. Currently, the united states has commercialized an optical odometer, of which the OFS-2000 optical odometer is a typical representative. The optical flow meter adopts a structure of a single light source and double detectors, and can realize effective measurement of the flow rate of flue gas. In addition, there are many researchers that measure flue gas flow rate based on light flicker caused by random fluctuation of particle extinction characteristics. However, in view of the measurement principle, the above methods are all based on active irradiation measurement, and cannot realize comprehensive online monitoring of gas flow rate and particulate matter components, and in the practical application process, holes need to be drilled on both sides of the industrial flue respectively, and the aperture is ensured to have certain coaxiality, which brings great inconvenience to the practical installation and debugging of the instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for monitoring the flow rate of exhaust gas and particulate matter components, so as to realize comprehensive online monitoring of the flow rate of the gas and the particulate matter components and avoid inconvenience in actual installation and debugging.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a monitoring system for exhaust gas flow velocity and particulate matter components comprises two gas flow velocity signal collectors, a gas particulate matter laser-induced breakdown spectrum signal collector, a spectrometer and a signal analysis module;
the two gas flow velocity signal collectors are arranged in the flue in parallel along the axial direction of the flue; the two gas flow velocity signal collectors are connected with the signal analysis module and used for acquiring flow velocity signals of gas in the two paths of flues and sending the two paths of flow velocity signals to the signal analysis processing module;
the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector is arranged in the flue along the diameter of the flue, the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector is connected with the spectrograph through an armored optical fiber, and the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector is used for acquiring a particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal in the flue and collecting the particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal on the spectrograph;
the spectrometer is connected with the signal analysis module through a data line and is used for analyzing the particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal, obtaining particle component information and sending the particle component information to the signal analysis processing module;
the signal analysis processing module is used for correlating the two paths of flow speed signals to obtain correlated signals, carrying out on-line monitoring on the flow speed of gas in the flue according to the correlated signals, and carrying out on-line monitoring on the particles in the flue according to the particle component information.
Optionally, the gas flow rate signal collector comprises a detector, a detector driving module, a mirror bracket, a first signal collecting combined lens, a combined lens compression ring, a collimating cavity, a dustproof mirror compression ring and a flange plate;
the dust-proof mirror is fixed in the collimation cavity through the dust-proof mirror pressing ring, and infrared light emitted by gas in the flue enters the collimation cavity through the dust-proof mirror;
one end of the collimation cavity is in threaded connection with the flange plate, the other end of the collimation cavity is connected with one end of the mirror bracket, the first signal collection combined lens is fixed inside the mirror bracket through the combined lens press ring, the collimation cavity is used for collimating the infrared light, and the processed infrared light irradiates the first signal collection combined lens;
the other end of the mirror bracket is in threaded connection with the detector; the detector driving module is connected with the detector through a power supply line, and supplies power to the detector through the power supply line; the detector is connected with the signal analysis module through a data line; and the first signal collecting combined lens focuses the processed infrared light onto the detector, and the detector converts the processed infrared light into an electric signal to obtain a flow velocity signal of the gas in the flue.
Optionally, be provided with a plurality of edges on the dustproof mirror clamping ring circumference evenly distributed's venthole, still be provided with the gaseous inlet port of sweeping on the dustproof mirror clamping ring, the venthole center pin with dustproof mirror surface becomes 10 degrees contained angles, be provided with a plurality of recesses on the lateral wall in collimation chamber, the position of recess and the position of the venthole of dustproof mirror clamping ring is corresponding, the recess with the gaseous inlet port of sweeping is linked together, sweeps gaseous by sweep the gaseous inlet port and get into the recess, follow the venthole flows.
Optionally, the monitoring system further includes a signal preprocessing module, the signal preprocessing module is respectively connected to the two gas flow rate signal collectors and the signal analysis module, and the signal preprocessing module is configured to filter and amplify the two flow rate signals to obtain two processed flow rate signals.
Optionally, the gas particulate laser-induced breakdown spectrum signal collector includes a second signal collecting combined lens, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror, a laser focusing combined lens and a lens barrel, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror is mounted in the middle of the inside of the lens barrel through an adjusting frame, and an incident excitation beam is reflected by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and irradiates the laser focusing combined lens;
the laser focusing combined lens is arranged at one end inside the lens barrel and focuses the reflected incident excitation beam in the flue to excite the particles in the flue so as to obtain a particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal;
the second signal collecting combined lens is arranged at the other end inside the lens barrel, the other end of the lens barrel is connected with the spectrometer through the armored optical fiber, the particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal is collimated by the laser focusing combined lens and then passes through the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent lens to be irradiated onto the second signal collecting combined lens, and the second signal collecting combined lens collects the processed particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal to the spectrometer.
Optionally, the monitoring system further comprises a laser;
the laser device is arranged corresponding to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and used for generating incident excitation beams and irradiating the incident excitation beams onto the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror.
Optionally, the signal analysis module includes a computer and an acquisition card, and the acquisition card is connected to the two gas flow rate signal collectors and the spectrometer through data lines.
A monitoring method of an exhaust gas flow rate and a particulate matter component, the monitoring method being applied to the monitoring system, the monitoring method comprising the steps of:
acquiring two flow velocity signals;
correlating the two flow rate signals to obtain correlated signals, and carrying out online monitoring on the flow rate of the gas in the flue according to the correlated signals;
acquiring particle information;
and carrying out on-line monitoring on the particles in the flue according to the particle component information.
Optionally, the associating the two flow rate signals to obtain an associated signal, and performing online monitoring on the flow rate of the gas in the flue according to the associated signal, specifically including:
by usingFormula (II)
Correlating the two paths of flow speed signals to obtain correlated signals;
wherein, κ0Representing the number of spatial waves in the flue, k representing the number of optical waves, v (z) representing the flow velocity, p representing the average distance between two beams, τ representing the delay time, L representing the beam propagation distance, DtAnd DrRespectively representing transmit and receive apertures, J0And J1Representing zero and first order Bessel functions, S, respectivelynl(κ0) A spectrum representing the imaginary part of the refractive index.
Optionally, the online monitoring of the particulate matter in the flue according to the particulate matter component information specifically includes:
using a nonstandard analysis method using a formulaContinuously monitoring the particulate matter components in the flue on line;
wherein,represents the measured spectral line intensity of the s-th element; csDenotes the concentration of the s-th element, AjiRepresenting the probability of the transition of the energy level j to the energy level i; ejRepresents the energy of excitation level j; gjRepresents the degeneracy of the excitation level j; f represents an experimental parameter; k represents Boltzmann constant, Us(T) represents the partition function, and T represents the plasma temperature.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring the flow velocity of exhaust gas and the components of particulate matters. The monitoring system acquires flow velocity signals of gas in two paths of flues in real time through two gas flow velocity signal collectors arranged in the flues, correlates the two paths of flow velocity signals through the signal analysis processing module to obtain correlated signals, carries out online monitoring on the flow velocity of the gas in the flues according to the correlated signals, acquires particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signals in the flues through a gas particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector arranged in the flues, analyzes the laser through a spectrometer to acquire particle component information, carries out online monitoring on particles in the flues according to the particle component information through the signal analysis module, realizes comprehensive online monitoring on the gas flow velocity and the particle component, and the gas flow velocity signal collector and the gas particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector are directly and fixedly arranged in the flues, the flue is not required to be drilled and installed during each detection, so that the inconvenience of actual installation and debugging is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exhaust gas flow rate and particulate matter component monitoring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a gas flow rate signal collector provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a gas particle laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal collector provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for monitoring exhaust gas flow rate and particulate matter composition in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for monitoring the flow rate of exhaust gas and particulate matter components, so as to realize comprehensive online monitoring of the flow rate of the gas and the particulate matter components and avoid inconvenience in actual installation and debugging.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 of the invention provides a monitoring system for the flow rate of exhaust gas and the particulate matter components.
As shown in fig. 1, the monitoring system comprises two gas flow rate signal collectors 1, a gas particulate laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal collector 2, a spectrometer 3 and a signal analysis module 4; the two gas flow velocity signal collectors 1 are arranged in the flue in parallel along the axial direction of the flue; each gas flow velocity signal collector 1 is installed along the diameter direction of a flue, the two gas flow velocity signal collectors 1 are both connected with the signal analysis module 4, and the two gas flow velocity signal collectors 1 are used for acquiring flow velocity signals of gas in two paths of flues and sending the two paths of flow velocity signals to the signal analysis processing module; the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector 2 is arranged in the flue along the diameter of the flue, the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector 2 is connected with the spectrometer 3 through an armored optical fiber, and the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector 2 is used for obtaining a particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal in the flue and collecting the particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal on the spectrometer 3; the spectrometer 3 is connected with the signal analysis module 4 through a data line, and the spectrometer 3 is used for analyzing the particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal, obtaining particle component information and sending the particle component information to the signal analysis processing module; the signal analysis processing module is used for correlating the two paths of flow speed signals to obtain correlated signals, carrying out on-line monitoring on the flow speed of gas in the flue according to the correlated signals, and carrying out on-line monitoring on the particles in the flue according to the particle component information. Specifically, the two gas flow rate signal collectors 1 are independent of each other and have the same technical parameters. Correlating the two paths of flow velocity signals to obtain correlated signals, and carrying out online monitoring on the flow velocity of the gas in the flue according to the correlated signals.
The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring the flow velocity of exhaust gas and the components of particulate matters. The monitoring system acquires flow velocity signals of gas in two paths of flues in real time through two gas flow velocity signal collectors arranged in the flues, correlates the two paths of flow velocity signals through the signal analysis processing module to obtain correlated signals, carries out online monitoring on the flow velocity of the gas in the flues according to the correlated signals, acquires particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signals in the flues through a gas particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector arranged in the flues, analyzes the laser through a spectrometer to acquire particle component information, carries out online monitoring on particles in the flues according to the particle component information through the signal analysis module, realizes comprehensive online monitoring on the gas flow velocity and the particle component, and the gas flow velocity signal collector and the gas particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector are directly and fixedly arranged in the flues, the flue is not required to be drilled and installed during each detection, so that the inconvenience of actual installation and debugging is avoided.
Example 2
Example 2 of the present invention is a preferred embodiment of a system for monitoring the flow rate of exhaust gas and the composition of particulate matter.
As shown in fig. 2, the gas flow rate signal collector 1 comprises a detector 101, a detector driving module 102 (not shown in fig. 2), a frame 103, a first signal collecting combination lens 104, a combination lens press ring 105, a collimating cavity 106, a dust-proof mirror 107, a dust-proof mirror press ring 108 and a flange 109; the dust-proof mirror 107 is fixed in the collimating cavity 106 through the dust-proof mirror pressing ring 108, and infrared light emitted from gas in the flue enters the collimating cavity 106 through the dust-proof mirror 107; one end of the collimating cavity 106 is connected with the flange 109 through a thread, the other end of the collimating cavity 106 is connected with one end of the lens holder 103, the first signal collecting and combining lens 104 is fixed inside the lens holder 103 through the first signal collecting and combining lens 105, the collimating cavity 106 is used for collimating the infrared light, and the processed infrared light irradiates the first signal collecting and combining lens 104; the other end of the mirror frame 103 is in threaded connection with the detector 101; the detector driving module 102 is connected with the detector 101 through a power supply line, and the detector driving module 102 supplies power to the detector 101 through the power supply line; the detector 101 is connected with the signal analysis module 4 through a data line; the first signal collecting and combining lens 104 focuses the processed infrared light onto the detector 101, and the detector 101 converts the processed infrared light into an electric signal to obtain a flow velocity signal of the gas in the flue. Furthermore, the lens frame 103 and the collimating cavity 106 are both in a cylindrical structure, and the inner surfaces of the lens frame 103, the combined lens press ring 105, the collimating cavity 106 and the dustproof lens press ring 108 are roughened and blackened, so that various stray light can be prevented from forming mirror reflection in the cavity, the signal-to-noise ratio of collected signals can be improved, and the detection range of the detector 101 is a middle infrared band of 2.6-3.2 micrometers.
Dustproof mirror clamping ring 108 is last to be provided with a plurality of edges dustproof mirror clamping ring 108 circumference evenly distributed's venthole, still be provided with on the dustproof mirror clamping ring 108 and sweep gas inlet port 110, the venthole center pin with dustproof mirror 107 mirror surface becomes 10 degrees contained angles, be provided with a plurality of recesses on the lateral wall of collimation chamber 106, the position of recess is corresponding with the position of dustproof mirror clamping ring 108's venthole, the recess with sweep gas inlet port 110 and be linked together, sweep gas by sweep gas inlet port 110 and get into the recess, follow the venthole flows out, plays the effect that sweeps the mirror surface, makes the system have self-cleaning function, is convenient for long-term stable acquisition experimental data.
The monitoring system further comprises a signal preprocessing module, the signal preprocessing module is respectively connected with the two gas flow velocity signal collectors 1 and the signal analysis module 4, and the signal preprocessing module is used for filtering and amplifying the two flow velocity signals to obtain two processed flow velocity signals.
As shown in fig. 3, the gas particle laser-induced breakdown spectrum signal collector 2 includes a second signal collecting combination lens 201, a semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror 202, a laser focusing combination lens 203, and a lens barrel 204, wherein the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror 202 is mounted at a middle position inside the lens barrel 204 through an adjusting frame, and an incident excitation light beam is reflected by the semi-reflective and semi-transparent mirror 202 and irradiates the laser focusing combination lens 203;
the laser focusing combined lens 203 is installed at one end inside the lens barrel 204, and the laser focusing combined lens 203 focuses the reflected incident excitation beam in the flue to excite the particles in the flue, so as to obtain a particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal;
the second signal collecting and combining lens 201 is installed at the other end inside the lens barrel 204, the other end of the lens barrel 204 is connected with the spectrometer 3 through the armored optical fiber, the particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal is collimated by the laser focusing and combining lens 203 and then passes through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 202 to be irradiated onto the second signal collecting and combining lens 201, and the second signal collecting and combining lens 201 collects the processed particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal to the spectrometer 3.
Optionally, the monitoring system further comprises a laser;
the laser device is arranged corresponding to the transflective mirror 202, and the laser device is used for generating an incident excitation beam and irradiating the incident excitation beam onto the transflective mirror 202. The incident excitation beam emitted by the laser is reflected by the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 202, then the propagation direction is turned by 90 degrees, and the laser is focused at a certain point in the flue through the laser focusing combination lens 203. When the aerosol flows through the laser focusing point along with the smoke, the aerosol is excited and forms plasma. The radiation spectrum (the particulate matter laser-induced breakdown spectrum signal) passes through the laser focusing combination lens 203 and the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 202, is focused by the second signal collecting combination lens 201, and then is guided into the spectrometer 3 through the armored optical fiber. The spectrometer 3 transmits the spectrum signal (particle component information) to the signal analysis module 4 through the data line (3) for processing. The laser is a pulse laser with the wavelength of 532 nm.
Optionally, the signal analysis module 4 includes a computer and an acquisition card, and the acquisition card is respectively connected to the two gas flow rate signal collectors 1 and the spectrometer 2 through data lines.
Example 3
Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a method for monitoring the flow rate of exhaust gas and the particulate matter content.
As shown in fig. 4, the monitoring method is applied to the monitoring system, and the monitoring method includes the following steps:
step 401, acquiring two flow velocity signals; step 402, correlating the two flow rate signals to obtain correlated signals, and carrying out online monitoring on the flow rate of the gas in the flue according to the correlated signals; step 403, acquiring a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal of the particulate matter; and step 404, carrying out online monitoring on the particulate matter components in the flue according to the particulate matter laser-induced breakdown spectrum signal.
Example 4
Example 4 of the present invention provides a preferred embodiment of a method for monitoring the flow rate of exhaust gas and the particulate matter content.
Step 402, correlating the two flow rate signals to obtain correlated signals, and performing online monitoring on the flow rate of the gas in the flue according to the correlated signals, specifically including: using formulas
Correlating the two paths of flow speed signals to obtain correlated signals; wherein, κ0Representing the number of spatial waves in the flue, k representing the number of optical waves, v (z) representing the flow velocity, p representing the average distance between two beams, τ representing the delay time, L representing the beam propagation distance, DtAnd DrRespectively representing transmit and receive apertures, J0And J1Representing zero and first order Bessel functions, S, respectivelynl(κ0) A spectrum representing the imaginary part of the refractive index. The measured flow rate is an arithmetic average on the optical path, and therefore it is easier to calculate the amount of emission of flue gas than the OFS flow meter. For example, for maximum cross-correlation, the delay time satisfies the conditionFrom which an average flow rate can be calculated.
404, performing particle composition in the flue according to the particle laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signalThe line monitoring specifically comprises: using a nonstandard analysis method using a formulaContinuously monitoring the particulate matter components in the flue on line; wherein,represents the measured spectral line intensity of the s-th element; csDenotes the concentration of the s-th element, AjiRepresenting the probability of the transition of the energy level j to the energy level i; ejRepresents the energy of excitation level j; gjRepresents the degeneracy of the excitation level j; f represents an experimental parameter; k represents Boltzmann constant, Us(T) represents the partition function, and T represents the plasma temperature. Spectral parameter Ej、gjAnd AjiCan be found in NIST, F, T and CsCan be obtained from experiments. Defining: x ═ Ej，Obtaining the components and the concentrations of the corresponding elements:
according to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the method is based on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology and the comprehensive measurement of the particulate matter components of the infrared radiation of the flue gas and the flow rate of the flue gas, combines the LIBS technology and the infrared radiation detection technology of the flue gas, and combines a nonstandard analysis method and cross-correlation calculation to realize the on-line monitoring of the particulate matter components and the flow rate of the flue gas in the flue;
2. the method utilizes an optical method for measurement, is non-access measurement, does not influence the concentration of particulate matters in the flue and the flow velocity distribution state of the flue gas, and can ensure the authenticity of the measurement result;
3. the invention measures the flow velocity of the flue gas by using the infrared radiation of the flue gas flow as a light source, is installed at one side and does not need an external light source;
4. the particle composition on-line monitoring adopts a pulse laser with 532nm wavelength, the wavelength of the pulse laser does not overlap with the infrared radiation wavelength range of the flue gas flow, and the interference on radiation signals is avoided.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principle and the implementation manner of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method of the present invention and the core idea thereof, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A monitoring system for the flow rate of exhaust gas and the particulate matter components is characterized by comprising two gas flow rate signal collectors, a gas particulate matter laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal collector, a spectrometer and a signal analysis module;
the two gas flow velocity signal collectors are arranged in the flue in parallel along the axial direction of the flue; the two gas flow velocity signal collectors are connected with the signal analysis module and used for acquiring flow velocity signals of gas in the two paths of flues and sending the two paths of flow velocity signals to the signal analysis processing module;
the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector is arranged in the flue along the diameter of the flue, the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector is connected with the spectrograph through an armored optical fiber, and the gas particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal collector is used for acquiring a particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal in the flue and collecting the particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal on the spectrograph;
the spectrometer is connected with the signal analysis module through a data line and is used for analyzing the particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal, obtaining particle component information and sending the particle component information to the signal analysis processing module;
the signal analysis processing module is used for correlating the two paths of flow speed signals to obtain correlated signals, carrying out on-line monitoring on the flow speed of gas in the flue according to the correlated signals, and carrying out on-line monitoring on the particles in the flue according to the particle component information.
2. The system for monitoring the flow rate of exhaust gas and the composition of particulate matter of claim 1, wherein the gas flow rate signal collector comprises a detector, a detector driving module, a mirror holder, a first signal collecting combination lens, a combination lens clamping ring, a collimating cavity, a dust-proof mirror clamping ring and a flange;
the dust-proof mirror is fixed in the collimation cavity through the dust-proof mirror pressing ring, and infrared light emitted by gas in the flue enters the collimation cavity through the dust-proof mirror;
one end of the collimation cavity is in threaded connection with the flange plate, the other end of the collimation cavity is connected with one end of the mirror bracket, the first signal collection combined lens is fixed inside the mirror bracket through the combined lens press ring, the collimation cavity is used for collimating the infrared light, and the processed infrared light irradiates the first signal collection combined lens;
the other end of the mirror bracket is in threaded connection with the detector; the detector driving module is connected with the detector through a power supply line, and supplies power to the detector through the power supply line; the detector is connected with the signal analysis module through a data line; and the first signal collecting combined lens focuses the processed infrared light onto the detector, and the detector converts the processed infrared light into an electric signal to obtain a flow velocity signal of the gas in the flue.
3. The system for monitoring the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the particle content according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of air outlets are formed in the dustproof mirror pressing ring and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the dustproof mirror pressing ring, a purging gas inlet is further formed in the dustproof mirror pressing ring, a 10-degree included angle is formed between the central axis of each air outlet and the surface of the dustproof mirror, a plurality of grooves are formed in the side wall of the collimating cavity, the positions of the grooves correspond to the positions of the air outlets of the dustproof mirror pressing ring, the grooves are communicated with the purging gas inlet, and purging gas enters the grooves through the purging gas inlet and flows out of the air outlets.
4. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a signal preprocessing module, wherein the signal preprocessing module is respectively connected to the two gas flow rate signal collectors and the signal analysis module, and is configured to filter and amplify the two flow rate signals to obtain two processed flow rate signals.
5. The system for monitoring the flow rate of the exhaust gas and the composition of particulate matters according to claim 1, wherein the laser-induced breakdown spectrum signal collector for the gas particulate matters comprises a second signal collecting combined lens, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens, a laser focusing combined lens and a lens barrel, wherein the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens is mounted at the middle position inside the lens barrel through an adjusting frame, and an incident excitation beam is reflected by the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens and irradiates the laser focusing combined lens;
the laser focusing combined lens is arranged at one end inside the lens barrel and focuses the reflected incident excitation beam in the flue to excite the particles in the flue so as to obtain a particle laser induced breakdown spectrum signal;
the second signal collecting combined lens is arranged at the other end inside the lens barrel, the other end of the lens barrel is connected with the spectrometer through the armored optical fiber, the particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal is collimated by the laser focusing combined lens and then passes through the semi-reflecting and semi-transparent lens to be irradiated onto the second signal collecting combined lens, and the second signal collecting combined lens collects the processed particulate laser induced breakdown spectrum signal to the spectrometer.
6. An exhaust gas flow rate and particulate matter composition monitoring system according to claim 5, further comprising a laser;
the laser device is arranged corresponding to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror and used for generating incident excitation beams and irradiating the incident excitation beams onto the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the signal analysis module comprises a computer and an acquisition card, and the acquisition card is connected to the two gas flow rate signal collectors and the spectrometer via data lines.
8. A monitoring method of an exhaust gas flow rate and a particulate matter component, which is applied to the monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the monitoring method comprising the steps of:
acquiring two flow velocity signals;
correlating the two flow rate signals to obtain correlated signals, and carrying out online monitoring on the flow rate of the gas in the flue according to the correlated signals;
acquiring particle composition information;
and carrying out on-line monitoring on the particles in the flue according to the particle component information.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the correlating the two flow rate signals to obtain a correlated signal, and the online monitoring of the flow rate of the gas in the flue according to the correlated signal comprises:
using formulas Correlating the two paths of flow speed signals to obtain correlated signals;
wherein, κ0Representing the number of spatial waves in the flue, k representing the number of optical waves, v (z) representing the flow velocity, p representing the average distance between two beams, τ representing the delay time, L representing the beam propagation distance, DtAnd DrRespectively representing transmit and receive apertures, J0And J1Representing zero and first order Bessel functions, S, respectivelynl(κ0) A spectrum representing the imaginary part of the refractive index.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the online monitoring of the particulate matter in the flue according to the particulate matter component information comprises:
using a nonstandard analysis method using a formulaContinuously monitoring the particulate matter components in the flue on line;
wherein,represents the measured spectral line intensity of the s-th element; csDenotes the concentration of the s-th element, AjiRepresenting the probability of the transition of the energy level j to the energy level i; ejRepresents the energy of excitation level j; gjRepresents the degeneracy of the excitation level j; f represents an experimental parameter; k represents Boltzmann constant, Us(T) represents the partition function, and T represents the plasma temperature.
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