CN109760670B - Method for modifying traditional front-engine rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into hybrid electric automobile - Google Patents

Method for modifying traditional front-engine rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into hybrid electric automobile Download PDF

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CN109760670B
CN109760670B CN201910197131.6A CN201910197131A CN109760670B CN 109760670 B CN109760670 B CN 109760670B CN 201910197131 A CN201910197131 A CN 201910197131A CN 109760670 B CN109760670 B CN 109760670B
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motor
automobile
engine
power
soc
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CN109760670A (en
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曾小华
钱琦峰
宋大凤
崔臣
牛超凡
张轩铭
李晓建
高福旺
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Jilin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for changing a traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into a hybrid automobile, which aims to solve the problems of high investment cost and long research and development period of the hybrid automobile in the prior art. On the premise of adding a small number of parts, the power system of the original traditional automobile is utilized, and the automobile fuel-saving device has the characteristics of good fuel-saving effect, quick modification, simple control and high reliability.

Description

Method for modifying traditional front-engine rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into hybrid electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile energy-saving technology and new energy automobiles, mainly relates to a method for refitting a traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile, and particularly relates to a method for quickly refitting the traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into a hybrid electric automobile.
Background
The hybrid electric vehicle has good economy and dynamic performance, not only overcomes the defects of short driving range, frequent charging, long charging time and the like of the pure electric vehicle, but also can ensure that the engine works in a high-efficiency interval as much as possible, and improves the fuel economy of the whole vehicle. However, in order to realize the advantages of the hybrid electric vehicle, mass production of the hybrid electric vehicle requires a large investment cost and a long research and development period, and thus the hybrid electric vehicle has a higher market price than the conventional electric vehicle, and is difficult to be accepted by consumers. If the existing traditional internal combustion engine automobile technology is used, the traditional internal combustion engine automobile technology is slightly modified, and only some parts, such as a power coupling mechanism, a motor, a power battery and the like, are added, under the condition that the whole automobile structure is not changed much, the modified hybrid electric automobile has the characteristics of good oil saving effect, quick modification, simple control and high reliability.
The prior art aims at the refitting of the traditional internal combustion engine automobile, and mainly utilizes the original power system, an additional battery, a motor, a controller thereof and other devices to form an electric power assisting system. According to the existing retrofitting methods, two problems generally arise: on one hand, the refitted automobile carries a large battery pack, which causes the increase of the automobile weight and the cost, and is difficult to get rid of the defects of frequent charging, long time and the like, and meanwhile, the reliability is poor. On the other hand, the engine and the motor are always driven in a time-sharing mode, and further energy coordination between the engine and the motor cannot be utilized, so that the working efficiency of the engine and the motor is generally low, and a good oil saving effect is difficult to achieve.
The invention relates to a device for modifying a fuel-powered automobile into a plug-in hybrid electric automobile, which is formed by adding a hub motor on a rear wheel driving structure and driving the whole automobile in a time-sharing manner with an original power system, and provides a method for modifying the fuel-powered automobile into the plug-in hybrid electric automobile, wherein the traditional Chinese patent publication number is CN 104627014B, and the publication date is 2017, 11 and 07. The invention discloses a Chinese patent publication No. CN 104401197A, which is published as 3/11/2015 and is named as a hybrid power truck self-power supply system.
In summary, the existing patents for modifying the conventional internal combustion engine automobile into the hybrid electric automobile are simply superimposed on the original power system, and the added electric system and the original power system are not considered at the same time, so that the two systems run in a coordinated manner, and the fuel consumption is reduced as much as possible. Therefore, there is a need to provide a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle refitting method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to relieve the current situations of high investment cost and long research and development period of developing a hybrid electric vehicle in the prior art, and provides a method for changing the traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine vehicle into the hybrid electric vehicle by considering that the traditional method for changing the traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine vehicle into the hybrid electric vehicle is less and cannot reflect the obvious oil-saving effect of the hybrid electric vehicle.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for changing a traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into a hybrid electric vehicle is characterized in that additionally-mounted components comprise a storage battery, a power coupler, a motor, a hybrid electric controller (HCU), a Motor Controller (MCU) and a power management controller (BMS), wherein the power coupler is a pair of gears meshed with each other, the motor is connected with the motor controller, the motor controller is connected with the hybrid electric controller and receives a control command of the hybrid electric controller, the storage battery is connected with the motor controller and is used for providing driving energy for the motor and recovering braking energy, the power management controller is connected with the storage battery and controls the storage battery to work stably, the hybrid electric controller is connected with the motor controller on the one hand, on the other hand, the storage battery is connected with a CAN bus of the whole automobile, and running state information of the whole automobile is collected.
On the traditional front-engine and rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile, the original control method of the automobile is not changed, only the mechanical structure is changed, a power coupler is additionally arranged behind a speed changer and in front of a main speed reducer of the traditional internal combustion engine power automobile, and a motor plays a role in assisting power of a transmission shaft. The engine is not controlled by the modified hybrid controller and completely depends on the original control logic of the automobile. The hybrid power controller acquires automobile speed, battery voltage, battery current, brake pedal opening, throttle opening, gear and clutch position information through a CAN bus, and sends a control instruction to the motor controller through the information, and the motor controller controls the torque of the motor according to the received control instruction. The motor controller only receives the control command of the hybrid controller. The torque of the motor and the torque of the engine are integrated together by using the power coupler and transmitted to the differential mechanism, so that the whole vehicle is driven to run.
The modified hybrid electric vehicle has four working modes, one of which is as follows: the engine works independently, the motor idles, does not output energy and absorb energy, and the mode is completely the same as that of the traditional internal combustion engine automobile before modification; the second step is as follows: the motor and the engine output power simultaneously, and the motor works in a motor state at the moment; and thirdly: under the braking working condition of the automobile, the regenerative braking energy recovery is realized, and the motor works in a generator state; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: when the automobile is in a pure mechanical braking working condition, the motor idles.
Under the condition of ensuring the same driving mode as the traditional internal combustion engine automobile, the whole modification is small and simple, and meanwhile, the fuel-saving capacity is achieved to a certain degree, so that the hybrid electric vehicle is expected to achieve the effect after modification. The following describes the control method of different modes according to the desired modification effect:
firstly, the intention of a driver is recognized, and the current driving demand is determined by collecting the opening degrees of the driver for stepping on a driving pedal and a brake pedal. When the driving demand is driving and SOC > SOClowWhere SOC is the state of charge of the battery, SOClowAnd when the threshold value is the charge state of the storage battery, the automobile works in a mode II, and the engine and the motor drive the whole automobile together. In the mode, the hybrid power controller receives signals on the CAN bus, so that the power variation of the engine and the motor is in a certain proportional relation, and the motor power assisting effect is realized. Specifically, the current output power of the engine is obtained according to the formula (1), then the power variation of the engine is calculated, the power variation of the motor is regulated to form a certain proportional relation with the power variation of the engine, the expected output power of the motor is further calculated according to the formula (2), and the expected output torque of the motor is further determined according to the formula (3).
Figure BDA0001996179860000031
In the formula ig-gearbox ratio
i0-a final reduction ratio
r-radius of wheel
uaSpeed of the vehicle
n-rotational speed of the engine
Te-torque of the engine
PeOutput power of the engine
Figure BDA0001996179860000032
Wherein a is the proportional coefficient of the variation of the output power of the engine and the variation of the output power of the motor
ΔPe-the variation of the output power of the engine at adjacent control points in time
ΔPm-the variation of the output power of the motor at adjacent control time points
Pm(k) -desired output power of the motor at kth control
Tm(k)=9549Pm(k)igim/n (3)
In the formula im-reduction ratio of power coupling
Tm(k) -desired output torque of the motor at kth control
When the driving demand is driving and SOC is less than SOClowWhen the automobile works in the first mode, the engine drives the whole automobile independently, and the motor idles.
When the driving demand is braking and SOC is less than SOChighIn which SOC ishighAnd (4) the upper threshold value of the charge state of the storage battery is set, the automobile works in the third mode, and the braking energy of the motor is recovered. In the mode, the hybrid controller acquires the opening degree of the brake pedal through the CAN bus, calculates the percentage of the opening degree to the total opening degree of the brake pedal, and calculates the expected braking torque of the motor according to the formula (4).
Tmbrk=Tmaxbrk·b (4)
Where b is the percentage of the brake pedal opening to the total brake pedal opening
TmaxbrkMaximum braking resistance torque allowed to be output by the motor during braking energy recovery
Tmbrk-brake resisting moment of expected motor output when recovering brake energy
When the driving demand is braking and SOC is more than SOChighWhen the automobile works in the mode IV, the whole automobile is purely mechanically braked, and the motor does not generate electricity or assist power so as to prevent the storage battery from being overcharged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the current situations of long technical development period and high development difficulty of the conventional hybrid electric vehicle are avoided, and the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle is modified to accelerate the production development period by means of the conventional technology;
2. only one set of electric power-assisted system is added, so that the cost is low, the mechanical structure is slightly changed, and the processing and the modification are convenient;
3. the simple control method is adopted, the reliability is high, the development time is short, and compared with the traditional internal combustion engine automobile, the automobile has the characteristics of strong dynamic property and obvious oil saving effect.
4. The storage battery does not need to be charged externally, the capacity does not need to be large, and the weight and the cost of the whole vehicle are reduced;
drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hybrid vehicle after being modified according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the connection signals of different modules of the modified hybrid electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a macro control relationship diagram of the modified hybrid electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the energy flow of a hybrid vehicle according to the present invention after modification in mode;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy flow of the hybrid vehicle in mode two after modification of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the energy flow of a hybrid vehicle operating in mode three after modification in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the determination of driving demand according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the switching relationship between modes according to the present invention;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
referring to fig. 1, a dashed box (5) is an electric power assisting system added after an original front-engine rear-drive automobile is refitted, and the electric power assisting system comprises a power coupler (8), a motor (9), a hybrid power controller (10), a motor controller (11), a battery management controller (12) and a storage battery (13). The figure outside a dotted line frame (5) in the figure is a structural schematic diagram of a traditional internal combustion engine automobile, and the figure comprises wheels (1), an internal combustion engine (2), a clutch (3), a transmission (4), a transmission shaft (6) and a main speed reducer (7). In the figure, (14) is a CAN bus diagram. The power coupler (8) is a pair of gears which are meshed with each other, the central axis of one gear is collinear with the transmission shaft (6), the gear is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft and can be connected by a spline or a pin, the axis of the other gear is collinear with the power output axis of the motor, and the gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor and can be connected by a spline or a pin. Motor controller (11) connect motor (9), battery (13), hybrid controller (10), motor controller (11) control motor operation under specific torque and rotational speed, hybrid controller (10) to motor controller (11) send control command, battery (13) provide the electric energy for motor controller (11), battery management controller (12) connect battery (13), control battery is according to instruction steady operation, battery management controller connect car CAN bus (14) and receive relevant signal for control battery (13) work, hybrid controller connect car CAN bus (14) for receive the relevant state signal of car, and combine these information, send control command to motor controller (11).
Referring to fig. 2, the relation between connection signals of the modules after the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle is modified into a hybrid vehicle is analyzed. The whole modified hybrid electric vehicle system is divided into the following modules, namely a driver module, a brake module, an engine module, a clutch/transmission module, a battery/battery management module, a motor/motor controller module, a coupler module, a hybrid electric vehicle controller module, a differential module and a wheel module. In the figure, solid line connections represent mechanical connections and dashed line connections represent electrical signal connections. Like a driver normally drives a traditional internal combustion engine automobile, the driver operates a brake pedal, a driving pedal, a clutch, a gear and the like to enable a driver module to send brake pedal opening degrees to a brake, send accelerator pedal opening degrees to an engine, and send clutch position and gear position signals to a clutch/transmission module, and then the engine outputs torque to the clutch/transmission module. The hybrid controller receives information of automobile speed, battery voltage, battery current, brake pedal opening, throttle opening, gear position, clutch position and the like, controls the motor/motor controller module to output response torque and rotating speed, integrates torque output by the clutch/transmission module and torque output by the motor/motor controller module through the coupler module, finally outputs the torque to the differential, finally inputs the differential to wheels, and the wheels are controlled by mechanical braking of the brake.
Referring to fig. 3, the macro control level of the modified hybrid electric vehicle is explained, under a general traditional internal combustion engine vehicle, a driver inputs the driver to the traditional vehicle control logic through different driving operations and then transmits the driver to the whole vehicle, the whole vehicle outputs the vehicle speed to be fed back to the driver, thereby forming a closed loop system, under the modified hybrid electric vehicle, the driving operation of the driver is input to not only the traditional control logic but also the hybrid control logic, meanwhile, a plurality of vehicle state signals on the CAN bus are also input to the hybrid control logic, according to the input signals, a control algorithm controls the motor in real time to enable the motor to output the optimal torque, then the optimal torque is transmitted to the whole vehicle by combining the torque output by the engine, the power assisting effect of the motor is realized, then the vehicle speed is fed back to the driver through the whole vehicle response, forming a new modified hybrid electric vehicle control closed-loop system. Under the condition that the required speed of a driver is constant, the opening degree of an accelerator pedal of the driver of the refitted automobile is smaller than that of the accelerator pedal of the original automobile due to the assistance effect of the motor. And because the motor can realize braking energy recovery when the automobile brakes, the modified hybrid electric vehicle has good oil-saving effect.
Referring to fig. 4, the energy flow of the hybrid vehicle after modification is shown in mode one. In the mode, the engine works alone, the motor has no power assistance or resistance, but due to the structure of the power coupler, the motor can only be in an idle state, and does not output energy or absorb energy, and the operating characteristics of the hybrid electric vehicle after being refitted are completely the same as those of a traditional internal combustion engine vehicle before being refitted.
Referring to fig. 5, the energy flow of the modified hybrid vehicle in mode two is shown. In the mode, the motor and the engine output power simultaneously, at the moment, the motor works in a motor state, the storage battery is in a discharge state, and the power coupler receives torque transmitted by the engine and the motor, and drives the whole vehicle to run after the torque is combined.
Referring to fig. 6, the energy flow diagram of the modified hybrid vehicle in mode three is shown. In the mode, the regenerative braking energy of the motor is recovered, the motor works in a generator state, and the rotating speed and the torque direction of the motor are opposite.
Referring to fig. 7, according to a hybrid electric vehicle controller, driver input is acquired, in the figure, AccPed represents accelerator pedal opening degree, BrkPad represents brake pedal opening degree, whether BrkPad is larger than zero is judged firstly, if so, driver demand is judged as braking, otherwise, whether AccPed is larger than zero is judged, if so, driver demand is judged as driving, otherwise, driver demand is sliding or parking.
Referring to fig. 8, a represents a mode one, B represents a mode two, C represents a mode three, D represents a mode four, a, B, C, D, e, f, g, h, j, k, m, n represent the conditions for mutual conversion between different modes, respectively, a to B switching condition is a, B to a switching condition is B, a to C switching condition is D, C to a switching condition is C, C to D switching condition is e, D to C switching condition is f, D to B switching condition is g, B to D switching condition is h, a to D switching condition is k, D to a switching condition is j, C to B switching condition is m, and B to C switching condition is n. The different conditions represent the following meanings.
Wherein: conditions a, g, m are driving demand and SOC > SOClowThe condition b, c, j is that the driving demand is driving and SOC < SOClowCondition d, f, n is that the driving demand is braking and SOC < SOChighCondition e, h, k is driving demand braking and SOC > SOChigh. Wherein SOC is the state of charge, SOC, of the batterylowIs a lower threshold value of the state of charge, SOChighThe upper threshold value of the state of charge of the storage battery.
When the automobile works in the mode A and the mode D, the working mode of the automobile is consistent with that before modification, the modified electric power assisting system does not affect the work of the original parts, when the automobile works in the mode B, the current output power of the engine is obtained according to the formula (5), then the power variation of the engine is calculated, as the power variation of the motor and the power variation of the engine are specified to be in a certain proportional relation, the expected output power of the motor is calculated according to the formula (6), and the expected output torque of the motor is further determined according to the formula (7).
Figure BDA0001996179860000061
In the formula ig-gearbox ratio
i0-a final reduction ratio
r-radius of wheel
uaSpeed of the vehicle
n-rotational speed of the engine
Te-torque of the engine
PeOutput power of the engine
Figure BDA0001996179860000071
Wherein a is the proportional coefficient of the variation of the output power of the engine and the variation of the output power of the motor
ΔPe-the variation of the output power of the engine at adjacent control points in time
ΔPm-the variation of the output power of the motor at adjacent control time points
Pm(k) -desired output power of the motor at kth control
Tm(k)=9549Pm(k)igim/n (7)
In the formula im-reduction ratio of power coupling
Tm(k) -desired output torque of the motor at kth control
When working at C, the motor brakes for energy recovery. In the mode, the hybrid power controller acquires the opening degree of the brake pedal through the CAN bus, calculates the percentage of the opening degree in the total opening degree of the brake pedal, and calculates the braking torque of the motor according to the formula (8).
Tmbrk=Tmaxbrk·b (8)
Where b is the percentage of the brake pedal opening to the total brake pedal opening
TmaxbrkMaximum braking resistance torque allowed to be output by the motor during braking energy recovery
Tmbrk-brake resisting moment of expected motor output when recovering brake energy

Claims (1)

1. A method for changing a traditional front-mounted rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into a hybrid electric vehicle is characterized in that an electric power-assisted system (5) is added in a traditional front-mounted rear-drive structure and comprises a power coupler (8), a motor (9), a hybrid electric controller (10), a motor controller (11), a battery management controller (12) and a storage battery (13), the method is characterized in that the electric power-assisted system (5) does not influence the normal work of the original traditional automobile power system, and the hybrid electric controller (10) controls the motor (9) to work in different modes and is matched with an engine to drive the whole automobile together, so that the fuel consumption of the whole automobile is reduced as much as possible;
the different working modes of the motor comprise four modes, one of which is as follows: the motor works in a motor state, the storage battery provides energy for the motor, and the motor and the engine simultaneously output power to drive the whole vehicle; the second step is as follows: the engine works independently, the motor idles, and the storage battery does not discharge or charge; and thirdly: the motor works in a generator state, the engine does not work, the recovery of braking energy is realized, and the storage battery is charged; fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: the motor and the engine do not work, and the whole vehicle is purely mechanically braked; the working conditions and working steps for the different modes comprise the following:
step one, identifying the intention of a driver; the hybrid electric vehicle controller collects driver input, including accelerator pedal opening AccPed and brake pedal opening BrkPad, judges whether BrkPad is larger than zero, if so, judges whether driver demand is braking, otherwise judges whether AccPed is larger than zero, if so, judges whether driver demand is driving, otherwise, judges whether driver demand is sliding or parking;
dividing the working modes of the automobile, and controlling the motor to output expected torque under each working mode; when driving is requiredFor driving and SOC > SOClowWhere SOC is the state of charge of the battery, SOClowThe threshold value is the charge state of the storage battery, the automobile works in a mode II, and the engine and the motor drive the whole automobile together; the hybrid controller calculates the current output power of the engine according to the formula (1), calculates the expected output power of the motor according to the formula (2), and further determines the expected output torque of the motor according to the formula (3);
Figure FDA0002356067610000011
in the formula ig-gearbox ratio
i0-a final reduction ratio
r-radius of wheel
uaSpeed of the vehicle
n-rotational speed of the engine
Te-torque of the engine
PeOutput power of the engine
Figure FDA0002356067610000021
Wherein a is the proportional coefficient of the variation of the output power of the engine and the variation of the output power of the motor
ΔPe-the variation of the output power of the engine at adjacent control points in time
ΔPm-the variation of the output power of the motor at adjacent control time points
Pm(k) -desired output power of the motor at kth control
Tm(k)=9549Pm(k)igim/n (3)
In the formula im-reduction ratio of power coupling
Tm(k) -desired output torque of the motor at kth control
When the driving demand is drivingDynamic and SOC < SOClowWhen the automobile works in the first mode, the engine drives the whole automobile independently, and the motor idles;
when the driving demand is braking and SOC is less than SOChighIn which SOC ishighThe upper threshold value of the charge state of the storage battery is set, the automobile works in a mode III, the braking energy of the motor is recovered, and the hybrid power controller calculates the braking torque expected by the motor according to a formula (4);
Tmbrk=Tmaxbrk·b (4)
where b is the percentage of the brake pedal opening to the total brake pedal opening
TmaxbrkMaximum braking resistance torque allowed to be output by the motor during braking energy recovery
Tmbrk-brake resisting moment of expected motor output when recovering brake energy
When the driving demand is braking and SOC is more than SOChighWhen the automobile works in the mode IV, the whole automobile is purely mechanically braked, and the motor does not generate electricity or assist power so as to prevent the storage battery from being overcharged.
CN201910197131.6A 2019-03-15 2019-03-15 Method for modifying traditional front-engine rear-drive internal combustion engine automobile into hybrid electric automobile Expired - Fee Related CN109760670B (en)

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CN104627014A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-05-20 成都启鸿汽车有限责任公司 Device and method for refitting fuel power automobile into plug-in hybrid power automobile
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101249830A (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-27 福特环球技术公司 System and method of torque converter lockup state adjustment using an electric energy conversion device
CN102092273A (en) * 2011-02-25 2011-06-15 北京工业大学 Hub motor hybrid automobile based on improvement on conventional automobile
CN202528836U (en) * 2012-03-09 2012-11-14 高永彬 Driving device additionally provided with electromotion to realize hybrid power for minitype minibus
CN104627014A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-05-20 成都启鸿汽车有限责任公司 Device and method for refitting fuel power automobile into plug-in hybrid power automobile
CN108382188A (en) * 2018-03-27 2018-08-10 中国第汽车股份有限公司 Hybrid power automobile power system and its control method

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