CN109759281A - Double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch - Google Patents
Double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109759281A CN109759281A CN201910203342.6A CN201910203342A CN109759281A CN 109759281 A CN109759281 A CN 109759281A CN 201910203342 A CN201910203342 A CN 201910203342A CN 109759281 A CN109759281 A CN 109759281A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- slide plate
- fixedly connected
- screw rod
- motor
- point glue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of double end point glue equipments adjustable in pitch, and including being located at two packing elements above dispensing plane, described packing element is fixedly connected in mobile mechanism；The mobile mechanism includes dispensing end and fixing end, the fixing end of the mobile mechanism is fixedly installed, the cylinder of described packing element is fixedly connected on the dispensing end of mobile mechanism, and the mobile mechanism can control the Glue dripping head of two packing elements in dispensing Plane-point glue respectively.Two packing elements are controlled respectively by mobile mechanism in the movement of the top of dispensing plane, so that the Glue dripping head on two packing elements can carry out dispensing to point different in dispensing plane respectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double end point glue equipments adjustable in pitch.
Background technique
The distance between two packing elements on dispenser are fixed and invariable at present, in the point by dispenser to part
When glue plane carries out dispensing operation, since the distance between two packing elements are unable to adjust on dispenser, cause existing in application
Dispensing operation cannot be carried out simultaneously to point different in dispensing plane when the dispenser dispensing of technology, so that working efficiency obtains
Less than raising.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of double end point glue equipments adjustable in pitch, to solve two dispensings
The problem of the distance between cylinder is unable to adjust.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch is provided, including being located at two packing elements above dispensing plane, the dispensing
Cylinder is fixedly connected in mobile mechanism；
The mobile mechanism includes dispensing end and fixing end, the fixing end fixed setting of the mobile mechanism, described packing element
Cylinder be fixedly connected on the dispensing end of mobile mechanism, and the mobile mechanism can control the Glue dripping head of two packing elements respectively
In dispensing Plane-point glue.
Further, the mobile mechanism includes fixed plate, and the lower end surface of the fixed plate is fixedly connected on carrier base
Upper end；
The upper end of the fixed plate is rotatably connected to a pair of first screw rod disposed in parallel, distinguishes spiral shell on two first screw rods
Line is connected with the first nut, and first screw rod rotation is so that the first nut horizontally slips on the upper surface of fixed plate；
Two first nuts are respectively fixedly connected in the lower end of the first slide plate, and two described packing elements are separately mounted to two
On first slide plate.
Further, the fixed plate is equipped with a pair of of first motor, and the flange end of the first motor is fixedly connected on
In the side wall surface of fixed plate, the output shaft of the first motor is fixedly connected on the first screw rod；
When two first motors drive two the first screw rod rotations respectively, two the first slide plates drive two packing elements to exist respectively
It is moved left and right in dispensing plane.
Further, a pair of first guide rail disposed in parallel is fixedly connected on the upper surface of the fixed plate；
It is fixedly connected with a pair of first sliding block on the lower end surface of first slide plate, first sliding block is slidably connected at described the
On one guide rail, and first slide plate is made to horizontally slip on the first guide rail.
Further, the upper end of first slide plate is rotatably connected to the second screw rod, is threadedly coupled on second screw rod
There is the second nut, and second screw rod rotation is so that the second nut slides back and forth on the upper surface of the first slide plate；
Second nut is fixedly connected on the lower end of the second slide plate, and described packing element is mounted on the second slide plate.
Further, first slide plate is equipped with the second motor, and the flange end of second motor is fixedly connected on the
In the side wall surface of one slide plate, the output shaft of second motor is fixedly connected on the second screw rod；
And when second motor drives the rotation of the second screw rod, second slide plate drives point packing element front and back in dispensing plane
It is mobile.
Further, the second guide rail and a pair of bearing are fixedly connected on the upper surface of first slide plate；It is described
The both ends of second screw rod are rotatably connected on respectively on two bearing blocks；
It is fixedly connected with a pair of second sliding block on the lower end surface of second slide plate, second sliding block is slidably connected at described the
On two guide rails, and slide back and forth second slide plate on the second guide rail.
Further, it is rotatably connected to third screw rod on second slide plate, is threaded on the third screw rod
Three nuts, and third screw rod rotation is so that third nut slides up and down；
The third nut is fixedly connected in the side wall surface of third slide plate, and described packing element is mounted on the lower end of third slide plate.
Further, second slide plate is equipped with third motor, and the flange end of the third motor is fixedly connected on institute
It states on the second slide plate, the output shaft of the third motor is connect with the third screw rod transmission；
It is fixedly connected with third guide rail in the side wall surface of second slide plate, is fixedly connected with a pair of of third on the third slide plate
Sliding block, the third sliding block are slidably connected on the third guide rail；
And when the third motor drives the rotation of third screw rod, the third slide plate drive point packing element above the dispensing plane on
Lower movement.
Further, the lower end of the third slide plate is fixedly connected with fixing seat, offers fixation hole in the fixing seat,
Described packing element is fixedly connected in the fixation hole；
Camera and camera light source are fixedly connected in the fixing seat, the camera lens of the camera is set towards dispensing plane
It sets, the light-emitting window of the camera light source is connected to the camera lens of the camera.
It is moved the beneficial effects of the present invention are: controlling two packing elements respectively by mobile mechanism in the top of dispensing plane
It is dynamic so that position between two packing elements can opposite adjustment, with realize Glue dripping head on two packing elements can minute
It is other that effect for dispensing glue is carried out simultaneously to point different in dispensing plane, to improve production efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
The following further describes the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of point glue equipment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of mobile mechanism in point glue equipment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of fixed plate in point glue equipment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the second screw rod in point glue equipment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of third screw rod in point glue equipment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of point glue equipment midpoint of the present invention packing element；
Wherein；Point packing element 1, fixed plate 2, carrier base 3, the first screw rod 4, the first nut 41, the first slide plate 42, first motor 43,
First guide rail 44, the first sliding block 45, the second screw rod 5, the second nut 51, the second slide plate 52, the second motor 53, the second guide rail 54,
Bearing block 55, the second sliding block 56, third screw rod 6, third nut 61, third slide plate 62, third motor 63, third guide rail 64, the
Three sliding blocks 65, fixing seat 7, camera 8, camera lens 81, camera light source 9.
Specific embodiment
Presently in connection with attached drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.These attached drawings are simplified schematic diagram only with signal side
Formula illustrates basic structure of the invention, therefore it only shows the composition relevant to the invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 6；
A kind of double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch is provided, including being located at two packing elements 1 above dispensing plane, the dispensing
Cylinder 1 is fixedly connected in mobile mechanism, and the mobile mechanism includes dispensing end and fixing end, the fixing end of the mobile mechanism
Fixed setting, the cylinder of described packing element 1 is fixedly connected on the dispensing end of mobile mechanism, and the mobile mechanism can control respectively
The Glue dripping head of two packing elements 1 is made in dispensing Plane-point glue.
Specifically, the mobile mechanism includes fixed plate 2, the lower end surface of the fixed plate 2 is fixedly connected on carrier base 3
Upper end；The upper end of the fixed plate 2 is rotatably connected to a pair of first screw rod 4 disposed in parallel, divides on two first screw rods 4
It is not threaded with the first nut 41, and first screw rod 4 rotates so that the first nut 41 is left on the upper surface of fixed plate 2
Right sliding；Two first nuts 41 are respectively fixedly connected in the lower end of the first slide plate 42, and two described packing elements 1 are pacified respectively
On two the first slide plates 42.
The fixed plate 2 is equipped with a pair of of first motor 43, and the flange end of the first motor 43 is fixedly connected on fixation
In the side wall surface of plate 2, the output shaft of the first motor 43 is fixedly connected on the first screw rod 4, the output shaft of first motor 43
It can be fixedly connected by shaft coupling with the first screw rod 4；When two first motors 43 drive two the first screw rod 4 rotations respectively
When, two the first slide plates 42 drive two packing elements 1 to move left and right in dispensing plane respectively, also, sliding in order to control first
The range that plate 42 is moved left and right in fixed plate 2 can be separately installed with limit switch in the left and right ends of fixed plate 2.
In addition, being fixedly connected with a pair of first guide rail 44 disposed in parallel on the upper surface of the fixed plate 2；Described first
A pair of first sliding block 45 is fixedly connected on the lower end surface of slide plate 42, first sliding block 45 is slidably connected at first guide rail
On 44, and first slide plate 42 is made to horizontally slip on the first guide rail 44.
The upper end of first slide plate 42 is rotatably connected to the second screw rod 5, is threaded with second on second screw rod 5
Nut 51, and second screw rod 5 rotation is so that the second nut 51 slides back and forth on the upper surface of the first slide plate 42；Described
Two nuts 51 are fixedly connected on the lower end of the second slide plate 52, and described packing element 1 is mounted on the second slide plate 52, first slide plate
42 are equipped with the second motor 53, and the flange end of second motor 53 is fixedly connected in the side wall surface of the first slide plate 42, described
The output shaft of second motor 53 is fixedly connected on the second screw rod 5, can be between the output shaft of the second motor 53 and the second screw rod 5
It is fixedly connected by shaft coupling, and in order to protect shaft coupling, protective cover can be fixedly connected on the first slide plate 42, due to
First slide plate 42 can be mobile relative to fixed plate 2, therefore a tank chain can be installed on the conducting wire of the second motor 53, to rise
To the effect of protection motor wire.And when second motor 53 drives the rotation of the second screw rod 5, second slide plate 52 is driven
Point packing element 1 be moved forward and backward in dispensing plane, be fixedly connected on the upper surface of first slide plate 42 second guide rail 54 and
A pair of bearing 55；The both ends of second screw rod 5 are rotatably connected on respectively on two bearing blocks 55；Second slide plate 52
A pair of second sliding block 56 is fixedly connected on lower end surface, second sliding block 56 is slidably connected on second guide rail 54, and
Slide back and forth second slide plate 52 on the second guide rail 54.
It is rotatably connected to third screw rod 6 on second slide plate 52, is threaded with third nut on the third screw rod 6
61, and the third screw rod 6 rotation is so that third nut 61 slides up and down；The third nut 61 is fixedly connected on third slide plate
In 62 side wall surface, described packing element 1 is mounted on the lower end of third slide plate 62.Second slide plate 52 is equipped with third motor
63, the flange end of the third motor 63 is fixedly connected on second slide plate 52, the output shaft of the third motor 63 with
The third screw rod 6 is sequentially connected, and the output shaft of third motor 63 can be fixedly connected by shaft coupling with third screw rod 6, with
It realizes the effect that third motor 63 can drive third screw rod 6 to rotate, and can also be fixedly connected on the second slide plate 52
Protective shell and tank chain, to achieve the effect that protect shaft coupling and motor wire；It is solid in the side wall surface of second slide plate 52
Surely it is connected with third guide rail 64, a pair of of third sliding block 65 is fixedly connected on the third slide plate 62, the third sliding block 65 is sliding
It is dynamic to be connected on the third guide rail 64；And when the third motor 63 drives third screw rod 6 to rotate, the third slide plate 62
Point packing element 1 is driven to move up and down above dispensing plane.
The lower end of the third slide plate 62 is fixedly connected with fixing seat 7, offers fixation hole in the fixing seat 7, described
Point packing element 1 is fixedly connected in the fixation hole；Camera 8 and camera light source 9, institute are fixedly connected in the fixing seat 7
The camera lens 81 for stating camera 8 is arranged towards dispensing plane, the camera lens 81 of the light-emitting window of the camera light source 9 and the camera 8
Connection, by camera 8 and point 1 synchronizing moving of packing element, to realize the evidence obtaining that can be taken pictures in real time during dispensing
Effect.
In actual operation, the dispensing plane of part is placed on to the lower section of two packing elements 1, is divided by first motor 43
Not Dai Dong the rotation of two the first screw rods 4 so that two the first slide plates 42 drive two packing elements 1 to control in dispensing plane respectively
It is mobile, to achieve the effect that two packing elements 1 in dispensing plane between left and right away from but also can be controlled separately two first cunnings
The second motor 53 on plate 42 makes the second slide plate 52 drive point packing element 1 front and back in dispensing plane to drive the rotation of the second screw rod 5
It is mobile, and realize the effect for controlling two fore-and-aft clearances in dispensing plane of packing element 1 respectively, it can also be sliding by respectively second
Third motor 63 on plate 52 to drive third screw rod 6 to rotate, make third slide plate 62 drive point packing element 1 above the dispensing plane on
Lower movement, to achieve the effect that distance between the Glue dripping head and dispensing plane of two packing elements 1 of control respectively；
In conclusion allowing to control respectively by controlling first motor 43, the second motor 53 and third motor 63 respectively
Position of two packing elements 1 in dispensing plane, so that solving two packing elements can carry out a little in dispensing plane respectively
The problem of glue, to have achieved the effect that accelerate manufacturing schedule.
Taking the above-mentioned ideal embodiment according to the present invention as inspiration, through the above description, relevant staff is complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention' entirely.The technology of this invention
Property range is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to which the technical scope thereof is determined according to the scope of the claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch, which is characterized in that including being located at two packing elements above dispensing plane
(1), described packing element (1) is fixedly connected in mobile mechanism；
The mobile mechanism includes dispensing end and fixing end, the fixing end fixed setting of the mobile mechanism, described packing element
(1) cylinder is fixedly connected on the dispensing end of mobile mechanism, and the mobile mechanism can control two packing elements (1) respectively
Glue dripping head is in dispensing Plane-point glue.
2. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mobile mechanism includes solid
The lower end surface of fixed board (2), the fixed plate (2) is fixedly connected on the upper end of carrier base (3)；
The upper end of the fixed plate (2) is rotatably connected to a pair of first screw rod (4) disposed in parallel, two first screw rods
(4) it is threaded with respectively on the first nut (41), and first screw rod (4) rotates so that the first nut (41) is in fixed plate
(2) it horizontally slips on upper surface；
Two first nuts (41) are respectively fixedly connected in the lower end of the first slide plate (42), two described packing elements (1) minute
It is not mounted on two the first slide plates (42).
3. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 2, which is characterized in that set on the fixed plate (2)
Have a pair of of first motor (43), the flange end of the first motor (43) is fixedly connected in the side wall surface of fixed plate (2), described
The output shaft of first motor (43) is fixedly connected on the first screw rod (4)；
When two first motors (43) drive two the first screw rod (4) rotations respectively, two the first slide plates (42) drive respectively
Two packing elements (1) move left and right in dispensing plane.
4. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the fixed plate (2) it is upper
A pair of first guide rail (44) disposed in parallel is fixedly connected on end face；
A pair of first sliding block (45), the first sliding block (45) sliding are fixedly connected on the lower end surface of first slide plate (42)
It is connected on first guide rail (44), and first slide plate (42) is made to horizontally slip on the first guide rail (44).
5. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first slide plate (42)
Upper end is rotatably connected to the second screw rod (5), is threaded with the second nut (51) on second screw rod (5), and described second
Screw rod (5) rotates so that the second nut (51) slides back and forth on the upper surface of the first slide plate (42)；
Second nut (51) is fixedly connected on the lower end of the second slide plate (52), and described packing element (1) is mounted on the second slide plate
(52) on.
6. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 5, which is characterized in that on first slide plate (42)
Equipped with the second motor (53), the flange end of second motor (53) is fixedly connected in the side wall surface of the first slide plate (42), institute
The output shaft for stating the second motor (53) is fixedly connected on the second screw rod (5)；
And when second motor (53) drives the second screw rod (5) rotation, second slide plate (52) drives point packing element (1) to exist
It is moved forward and backward in dispensing plane.
7. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 6, which is characterized in that first slide plate (42)
The second guide rail (54) and a pair of bearing (55) are fixedly connected on upper surface；The both ends of second screw rod (5) turn respectively
It is dynamic to be connected on two bearing blocks (55)；
A pair of second sliding block (56), the second sliding block (56) sliding are fixedly connected on the lower end surface of second slide plate (52)
It is connected on second guide rail (54), and slides back and forth second slide plate (52) on the second guide rail (54).
8. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 5, which is characterized in that on second slide plate (52)
It is rotatably connected to third screw rod (6), is threaded with third nut (61) on the third screw rod (6), and the third screw rod
(6) rotation is so that third nut (61) slides up and down；
The third nut (61) is fixedly connected in the side wall surface of third slide plate (62), and described packing element (1) is mounted on third
The lower end of slide plate (62).
9. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 8, which is characterized in that on second slide plate (52)
Equipped with third motor (63), the flange end of the third motor (63) is fixedly connected on second slide plate (52), and described
The output shaft of three motors (63) and the third screw rod (6) are sequentially connected；
It is fixedly connected with third guide rail (64) in the side wall surface of second slide plate (52), it is fixed on the third slide plate (62) to connect
It is connected to a pair of of third sliding block (65), the third sliding block (65) is slidably connected on the third guide rail (64)；
And when the third motor (63) drives third screw rod (6) rotation, the third slide plate (62) drives point packing element (1) to exist
It is moved up and down above dispensing plane.
10. double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the third slide plate (62)
Lower end be fixedly connected with fixing seat (7), fixation hole is offered on the fixing seat (7), described packing element (1) is fixedly connected on
In the fixation hole；
Camera (8) and camera light source (9), the camera lens (81) of the camera (8) are fixedly connected on the fixing seat (7)
It is arranged towards dispensing plane, the light-emitting window of the camera light source (9) is connected to the camera lens (81) of the camera (8).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910203342.6A CN109759281A (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910203342.6A CN109759281A (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109759281A true CN109759281A (en) | 2019-05-17 |
Family
ID=66459476
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910203342.6A Withdrawn CN109759281A (en) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109759281A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6129040A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-10-10 | Esec Sa | Semi-conductor mounting apparatus for applying adhesive to a substrate |
| CN207680917U (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-08-03 | 东莞市艾科迅机器人技术有限公司 | A kind of point glue equipment of mobile phone camera module group fitting dispenser |
| CN108514990A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-09-11 | 大连佳峰自动化股份有限公司 | Two point gluing mechanism and chip package machine |
| CN209829437U (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏新智达新能源设备有限公司 | Double-end adhesive deposite device of interval adjustable |
-
2019
- 2019-03-18 CN CN201910203342.6A patent/CN109759281A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6129040A (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2000-10-10 | Esec Sa | Semi-conductor mounting apparatus for applying adhesive to a substrate |
| CN207680917U (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-08-03 | 东莞市艾科迅机器人技术有限公司 | A kind of point glue equipment of mobile phone camera module group fitting dispenser |
| CN108514990A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-09-11 | 大连佳峰自动化股份有限公司 | Two point gluing mechanism and chip package machine |
| CN209829437U (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-12-24 | 江苏新智达新能源设备有限公司 | Double-end adhesive deposite device of interval adjustable |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107906330A (en) | A kind of wide safety monitoring equipment of monitoring range for being easily installed | |
| CN103558727B (en) | A kind of universal adjusting device of solid-image photographing device | |
| CN202776337U (en) | Section device for captive test (CT) machine | |
| CN210567976U (en) | Stage lighting device convenient to angle regulation | |
| CN104393710A (en) | Horizontal linear moving mechanism | |
| CN109759281A (en) | Double end point glue equipment adjustable in pitch | |
| EP2543618A1 (en) | Elevator door coupling apparatus | |
| CN205123880U (en) | Shoot device in step based on wireless control | |
| EP2944469A1 (en) | Ink curing apparatus | |
| CN207609962U (en) | A kind of safety monitoring equipment that the monitoring range being easily installed is wide | |
| CN209909094U (en) | Synchronous belt group linear motion mechanism | |
| CN209829437U (en) | Double-end adhesive deposite device of interval adjustable | |
| CN104332850A (en) | Low voltage switch cabinet | |
| CN106476269A (en) | A kind of Concentric rotation formula high-rate laser 3D printer | |
| CN203595888U (en) | Universal adjusting device of stereopsis shooting apparatus | |
| CN113329141B (en) | Three-dimensional animation shooting device | |
| CN109945897A (en) | A kind of multi-purpose machine visual experiment platform | |
| CN106019779A (en) | Lens adjustment device and projector employing same | |
| CN109051805A (en) | Adjustable positioning device | |
| CN109382447A (en) | A kind of automatic automobile die arrangement device | |
| CN109377875A (en) | A kind of display equipment and control method | |
| CN212900595U (en) | But device of shooing of automatically regulated interval | |
| CN209803349U (en) | Adjusting mechanism of X-ray detection box | |
| CN211502268U (en) | Conveniently-adjusted projector installation device for meeting room | |
| CN210920699U (en) | Angle-adjustable projection device for information engineering |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20190517 |
|
| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |