CN109757142B - Device for treating saline-alkali soil by diaphragm electrolysis - Google Patents
Device for treating saline-alkali soil by diaphragm electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN109757142B CN109757142B CN201910231897.1A CN201910231897A CN109757142B CN 109757142 B CN109757142 B CN 109757142B CN 201910231897 A CN201910231897 A CN 201910231897A CN 109757142 B CN109757142 B CN 109757142B
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Abstract
A device for treating saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment. The invention aims to provide a device for treating saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method, which is specially designed for electrolyzing saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method and is used for extracting caustic alkali to treat the saline-alkali soil by transferring cations through a cation exchange membrane during electrolysis. The invention is characterized in that cathode conductive materials with two ends extending outwards are arranged in the middle of a frame in an insulating way, a cation exchange membrane is sleeved on one section of the cathode conductive materials which are arranged in the frame, two ends of the cation exchange membrane are sealed, water through holes are formed in the cathode conductive materials which are arranged in the cation exchange membrane coating, and anode conductive materials are arranged on two sides of the frame on two sides of the cathode conductive materials in parallel in an insulating way. The invention does not use any chemical substances, does not produce secondary pollution, only consumes electric energy in the treatment process, permanently treats all types of light and heavy saline-alkali soil by one-step forming, has almost the same economic benefit and treatment cost, and is equal to the treatment of the saline-alkali soil without cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment.
Background
The alkaline land is a compound with the caustic alkali compound content exceeding standard, wherein salt, alkali, nitrate and caustic alkali cations are different compounds generated by combining different anions, and the result is that the alkali metal cations in the soil are too high in content, especially sodium, potassium and calcium are mainly caustic alkali cations, and the alkali metal cations form various salt alkali compounds in the soil according to different regions and different environments in the soil, so that plants cannot grow and survive due to different anionic substances in the soil, and the variety of the alkaline land in many regions is divided, and great trouble is brought to the treatment of the alkaline land.
The prior method for treating the saline-alkali soil mainly comprises the following steps: the water conservancy, chemistry, physics, biological improvement, above-mentioned several treatment cycle is long, treatment effect is poor, and the expense is high, because there is a large amount of alkali metal ion in the saline and alkaline land to lead to the mutual conversion of various modifier that input to alleviate the growth cycle of plant, but alkali metal ion adsorbs in soil all the time and repeatedly converts different saline and alkaline, can't thoroughly decompose and leave.
Patent publication No. 201210151129.3 and 201220265874.6 disclose a method and apparatus for treating saline-alkali soil, which uses electric energy to do work, but the anode and cathode are in the same electrolytic cell, and caustic alkali cannot be extracted without diaphragm technology, so that only some acid gas can be generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for treating saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method, which is specially designed for electrolyzing saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method and is used for extracting caustic alkali to treat the saline-alkali soil by transferring cations through a cation exchange membrane during electrolysis.
The invention installs cathode conductive material with two ends extending outwards in the middle of the frame in an insulation way, a cation exchange membrane is sleeved on one section of the cathode conductive material placed in the frame, two ends of the cation exchange membrane are sealed, and a water through hole is formed on the cathode conductive material placed in the cation exchange membrane coating; one end of the cathode conductive material is communicated with the collecting tank through a water return pipe, the other end of the cathode conductive material is communicated with the collecting tank through a water inlet pipe, and a water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe; anode conductive materials are arranged on two sides of the frame on two sides of the cathode conductive materials in parallel and insulated, and the anode conductive materials and the cathode conductive materials are synchronous with a cathode chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane in parallel and are contacted with saline-alkali soil; or the frame is an anode, the cathode conductive material and the cation exchange membrane form a cathode chamber, and the frame and the cathode conductive material are parallel and synchronous with the cathode chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane and are in contact with the saline-alkali soil; according to the difference of the hardness of each saline-alkali soil, the water in the collecting tank is increased or reduced to adjust the pressing weight of the electrolysis machine so as to control the sinking depth.
The invention relates to a device for treating saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method, which comprises the following steps: adopts a diaphragm electrolysis method: the device is horizontally placed on the saline-alkali soil, the anode part, the cathode part and the parallel synchronous are contacted with muddy water of the saline-alkali soil, water is added into the collecting tank for circulation by a water pump, water in the collecting tank always circulates through the cathode chamber, the water is contacted with the cation exchange membrane through holes on the cathode, the cation exchange membrane is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the anode is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, and as the two electrodes are synchronously contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil is an anode chamber, muddy water of the saline-alkali soil is an electrolyte of the anode, and the cation exchange membrane is a dividing line, so that a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell is formed.
The invention relates to an application of a diaphragm electrolytic method of a device for treating saline-alkali soil by the diaphragm electrolytic method in the treatment of the saline-alkali soil.
The invention has simple structure and convenient operation and use. The method takes the chlorine alkali industrial diaphragm electrolysis method as a starting point, and adopts a machine device designed in a special mode to move or directionally pass through the diaphragm electrolysis method in the saline-alkali soil, so that salt, alkali, nitrate and caustic alkali are electrolyzed in the saline-alkali soil, the caustic alkali and acid gas are produced to produce economic benefits when the saline-alkali soil is treated, no chemical substances are used, no secondary pollution is produced, only electric energy is consumed in the treatment process, all types of light and heavy saline-alkali soil are treated permanently by one-step forming, the economic benefits are almost equal to the treatment cost, and the method is equal to the treatment of the non-cost saline-alkali soil. The invention is effective disposable treatment in saline-alkali soil treatment and reformation, is suitable for all types of saline-alkali soil, including the improvement of the yield of the aged soil, has no repetition and pollution, does not use any chemical substance, simply and directly decomposes salt, alkali and nitrate in the saline-alkali soil, removes caustic alkali, only consumes electric energy in the process, has simple structure and low cost, takes effect at the time, and the extracted caustic alkali and other compounds can be sold to generate economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view in the A-A direction of FIG. 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the frame of the present invention as an anode.
Detailed Description
The invention is divided into two structural forms according to the setting mode of the anode
The first is: the invention installs cathode conductive material 3 with two ends extending outwards in the middle of frame 5 in an insulation way, installs cation exchange membrane 9 on one section of cathode conductive material 3 placed in frame 5, seals two ends of cation exchange membrane 9, installs water through hole 10 on cathode conductive material 3 placed in cation exchange membrane 9 cladding, installs anode conductive material 4 in parallel insulation on two sides of frame 5 on two sides of cathode conductive material 3; one end of the cathode conductive material 3 is communicated with the collecting tank 6 through the water return pipe 2, the other end is communicated with the collecting tank 6 through the water inlet pipe 7, and the water pump 8 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 7; the anode conductive material 4 and the cathode conductive material 3 are synchronous with the cathode chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane 9 in parallel and are in contact with the saline-alkali soil 1.
The second is: the frame 5 of the invention is an anode, the cathode conductive material 3 and the cation exchange membrane 9 form a cathode chamber, and the frame 5, the cathode conductive material 3 and the cathode chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane 9 are parallel and synchronous and are contacted with the saline-alkali soil 1.
In the first form, the frame 5 is only a common shelf, which only serves as a support and fastening etc., and the anode is mounted on the frame 5 by insulation, while in the second form, the frame 5 serves two functions, i.e., supporting and fastening etc., and at the same time serves as an anode. Thus in the first form the anode conductive material 3 forms an anode compartment after contact with the saline-alkali soil 1 and the cathode cation-exchange membrane forms a cathode compartment with the cathode, while in the second form the frame 5 forms an anode compartment after contact with the saline-alkali soil 1 and the cathode cation-exchange membrane forms a cathode compartment with the cathode.
The method adopts a diaphragm electrolysis method: the device is horizontally placed on the saline-alkali soil, the anode part, the cathode part and the parallel synchronous are contacted with muddy water of the saline-alkali soil, water is added into the collecting tank for circulation by a water pump, water in the collecting tank always circulates through the cathode chamber, the water is contacted with the cation exchange membrane through holes on the cathode, the cation exchange membrane is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the anode is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, and as the two electrodes are synchronously contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil is an anode chamber, muddy water of the saline-alkali soil is an electrolyte of the anode, and the cation exchange membrane is a dividing line, so that a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell is formed.
The invention relates to an application of a diaphragm electrolytic method of a device for treating saline-alkali soil by adopting the diaphragm electrolytic method in the treatment of the saline-alkali soil.
When the invention is used, the device is hung on a tractor or equipment, the device can be fixed on the tractor or equipment through a water inlet and return pipe, the frame and the cathode and anode arranged in the frame are in contact with saline-alkali soil, and the collecting tank can be arranged on the tractor or equipment.
The invention is explained and illustrated in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the invention takes the saline-alkali soil as raw material to decompose salt, alkali, nitrate, produce caustic alkali and acid gas in the saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method in a running or directional way, and produces economic benefit when treating the saline-alkali soil, does not use any chemical substance, does not produce secondary pollution, only consumes electric energy in the treatment process, and can treat all types of light and heavy saline-alkali soil permanently by one-step forming, so that the economic benefit is almost equal to the treatment cost, and the cost is equal to the cost-free treatment of the saline-alkali soil.
The invention takes anode and saline-alkali soil as anode chambers of an electrolytic cell, saline-alkali water and soil of the saline-alkali soil as anode electrolytes, a cation exchange membrane and a cathode are taken as cathode chambers of the electrolytic cell, the cathode chambers are divided into independent space areas by taking diaphragms as boundaries, the diaphragms and the cathode are designed to form independent closed cathode chambers of the electrolytic cell, a water circulation system is provided, a caustic alkali collecting tank is provided, water is added into the collecting tank, an independent internal circulation system is generated under the circulation action of a water pump, the water in the circulation system is taken as cathode chamber electrolytes, direct current is conducted when the anode and the cathode are simultaneously placed on muddy water of the saline-alkali soil under the condition of keeping a certain distance, the anode is contacted with the cation exchange membrane of the cathode chambers by taking the muddy water of the saline-alkali soil as electrolytes, the cation exchange membrane is contacted with the cathode to form a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell, salt, alkali and nitrate in the saline-alkali soil are decomposed under the action of the direct current, the anode reacts with anions in the saline-alkali soil to generate acid gas, and the acid gas is directly dissolved into the saline-alkali soil to generate acid water and adjust the alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil. Cations migrate toward the cathode and pass through the cation exchange membrane into the cathode compartment to react to produce caustic. The internal circulation system of the cathode chamber circulates the high-concentration caustic alkali solution near the cathode and the generated gas into the collecting tank, and the caustic alkali solution is taken out when the concentration of the caustic alkali in the collecting tank is close to the saturation state in the continuous electrolysis process, and the caustic alkali product is formed by evaporation treatment to be sold or prepared into other products, so that higher economic benefits are generated.
The cathode chamber of the invention is provided with an independent internal circulation type electrolysis system, the anode is contacted with mud or water of the saline-alkali soil, and a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell electrolysis system is formed by diaphragm electrolysis method, electrolytic salt, alkali and nitrate, and caustic alkali is extracted or other compounds are produced by walking, moving, fixing and other modes. Caustic alkali is produced while treating saline-alkali soil.
The main component of the saline-alkali soil is caustic alkali compound, salt, alkali, nitrate and nitrate are taken as examples, the treated saline-alkali soil is required to have muddy water or humidity reaching the standard of conductivity, and the reaction condition is diaphragm electrolysis.
Sodium chloride salt
Cathode chamber (cathode) reaction: 2h+ (hydrogen ion) +2e=h2+.
Anode chamber (anode) reaction: 2Cl- (chloride ion) -2e=cl2 +.
Total reaction: 2nacl+2h2o=electrolysis=2naoh+h2 ++cl2 +.
Chlorine gas generated in anode chamber returns to saline-alkali soil, sodium hydroxide is generated in cathode chamber (collecting treatment)
The soda saline-alkali soil in northeast area is mainly sodium carbonate salt (Na 2CO 3)
Hydrogen and oxygen are electrolytically generated using a cation exchange membrane.
The anode chamber produces oxygen which is released into the environment and the cathode chamber produces sodium hydroxide (collection process).
Natrii sulfas (sodium sulfate Na2SO 4)
The anode chamber produces acidic species and the cathode chamber produces sodium hydroxide. (collection process).
The invention takes a chlorine alkali industrial diaphragm electrolysis method as a starting point, and a machine device (an electrolysis machine) designed in a special mode is used for treating and improving the saline-alkali soil, including treating acid soil, while salt, alkali, nitrate and caustic alkali in the saline-alkali soil are extracted to generate acid compounds by taking the saline-alkali soil as a raw material through the diaphragm electrolysis method in a mode of moving, walking, fixing and moving in the saline-alkali soil.
The membrane is used as a boundary, the cation exchange membrane is preferred, the anode part and the cathode part form independent electrolytic cell chambers respectively, wherein the inert electrode of the anode part is in specification, shape and size according to the design of the cathode chamber, and the anode part is contacted with saline-alkali water or soil of the saline-alkali soil. Soil or saline-alkali water is used as electrolyte at the anode to form an anode chamber taking saline-alkali soil muddy water as anode electrolyte.
The cathode chamber of the cathode part of the electrolytic cell is designed into a caustic alkali production, collection, storage and comprehensive machine device with an internal circulation system and built-in inert electrode taking a diaphragm as an outer wall,
the diaphragm and the cathode are designed into independent space areas to form an independent closed cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell, two ends of the sealed cathode chamber are connected with a caustic alkali collecting tank through a pipeline with a water pump, water is added into the collecting tank to serve as electrolyte, and the water in the water pump circulating collecting tank continuously passes through the cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell to form an independent cathode chamber circulating system.
The outer wall of the diaphragm of the cathode chamber is contacted with the saline-alkali water or soil of the saline-alkali soil, which is equal to the conduction with the electrolyte of the anode chamber, so that a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell is formed.
When the device works, the anode and the cathode chambers are simultaneously contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the distance between the two electrodes is set according to the set current and voltage, anions in the saline-alkali soil move to the anode after the anode and the cathode are connected with direct current, cations move to the cathode, caustic alkali compounds contained in the saline-alkali area where the two electrodes are positioned are decomposed, and the anions lose electrons on the anode to generate oxidation reaction, so that acid gas and muddy water are dissolved and combined to generate acid water, and meanwhile, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is adjusted.
The positive ions pass through the diaphragm to enter the cathode chamber, electrons are obtained on the cathode, reduction reaction is carried out to generate caustic alkali, in the continuous electrolysis process, the internal circulation system of the cathode chamber circulates high-concentration caustic alkali near the cathode and generated gas to the collecting tank, the caustic alkali concentration in the collecting tank is gradually increased in the continuous electrolysis process, the caustic alkali is taken out when the concentration is close to a saturated state, water is added again for continuous operation, namely the caustic alkali is removed from the saline-alkali land, the taken caustic alkali is evaporated to form a caustic alkali product or prepared into other products, the acid gas generated in the anode chamber can be collected and prepared into products, and the acid soil is improved by circularly extracting the acid gas by using the anion exchange membrane in the anode chamber.
The electric energy source is any machine equipment capable of providing electric energy, and comprises charging equipment, and the used direct current voltage is intelligently controlled and output within a safe range by the conductivity of substances contained in saline-alkali soil water and soil.
The membrane part of the invention, the industrial membrane material mainly includes cotton or chemical fiber fabric, microporous plastic, asbestos board, ion exchange membrane, bisque firing ceramic, etc., ion exchange membrane, RO reverse osmosis membrane, lithium ion membrane, asbestos class membrane, the invention is suitable for the isolation mode that any material makes up, and can use multiple membrane to combine and apply at the same time, the best effect is cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane. The diaphragm is protected by adding other materials, the position of the diaphragm is not limited by a cathode, and the shape and the structure of the electrolytic cell formed by the diaphragm are unlimited, so that the purpose of improving the caustic alkali extraction and other compounds in the saline-alkali soil through the electrolytic treatment of the diaphragm electrolytic cell is achieved.
The electrode material is selected from corrosion-resistant inert electrodes, and the material with strong conductivity is preferably water-permeable graphite felt. The shape and structure of the electrodes are unlimited, the cylindrical hollow electrodes are optimal, the arrangement mode of the electrodes of the electrolytic machine is unlimited, and a single group comprises a plurality of groups of parallel connection, serial connection and combination application according to the needs.
The anode chamber and the cathode chamber can generate gas during operation, and additional gas collecting, processing and other devices collect the gas for sale or are prepared into a compound, and the unnecessary gas is blown into the air for dilution through an exhaust fan.
And the anode part collects acid gas by using an anion exchange membrane, water pumped by an additional water pump in the saline-alkali soil rapidly passes through the anode region, so that the acid gas generated in the anode region is rapidly dissolved in the saline-alkali soil, the dissolution amount of the acid gas is increased, and the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is regulated.
The diaphragm electrolytic method is combined to manufacture a machine device for dragging and walking (an electrolytic machine), the machine device is used for dragging and walking in the saline-alkali soil, and the anode part and the cathode part are contacted with the saline-alkali soil to form a diaphragm electrolytic cell. The shape and the size of the machine equipment are limited, the anode discharges the saline-alkali soil, the cathode discharges the saline-alkali soil through the internal circulation electrolyte and the diaphragm, a diaphragm type electrolytic cell is formed, the machine is driven by a power machine to drag in the saline-alkali soil, the diaphragm electrolysis method is carried out on the saline-alkali soil in the advancing process, caustic alkali and acid gas are extracted to treat and improve the saline-alkali soil,
the method comprises the steps of carrying a power machine, carrying the manufactured electrolytic cell in an unlimited shape, carrying the electrolytic cell on the power machine without contacting with the saline-alkali soil, dividing an intermediate diaphragm of the electrolytic cell, carrying an anode chamber on one side, carrying a cathode chamber on the other side, pumping saline-alkali water in the saline-alkali soil by a water pump, circulating the saline-alkali water in the saline-alkali soil through the anode chamber, collecting caustic alkali by the cathode chamber, carrying the electrolytic cell by the power machine, walking in the saline-alkali soil, treating the saline-alkali soil by a water circulating electrolytic method, designing a plurality of groups of electrolytic cell machines by large equipment, combining the electrolytic cell machines in parallel or in series, and designing the shape, the size, the form and the requirement of the anode chamber and the cathode chamber.
Wherein the electrodes are connected in series and parallel by using wires,
wherein the cathode chambers are connected in series and parallel using water pipes.
Wherein the generator of the electrolysis machine can be designed on the output shaft of the tractor,
the electric generator of the electrolytic machine can be designed on the electrolytic machine body and is in power butt joint with the tractor by the transmission equipment, and the butt joint mode is unlimited.
Wherein the electrolytic machine can be designed and installed as a stand-alone machine device with a generator set or a charging device, or an electrolytic machine that walks using a body energy source.
The machine equipment for treating the saline-alkali soil is matched with a large-scale machine driven manually, a machine driven remotely, an intelligent GPS satellite three-point positioning technology, laser SLAM instant positioning and map construction, and is used for planning automatic walking, visual navigation vSLAM, virtual walls and various intelligent planning walking, and is similar to intelligent walking modes of a robot for sweeping the floor for bow-shaped, return-shaped and return-shaped, and the intelligent walking modes are combined with electrolytic machine equipment to treat the saline-alkali soil.
The method is also suitable for treating polluted water sources.
The aged cultivated land is severely polluted by soil or the content of other compounds exceeds the standard and the yield is reduced due to the long-term use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, wherein the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides are mutually converted in the soil to finally form various salts and residues of the compounds, all cation exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes carry out targeted electrolysis on the soil, the compounds in the soil are trimmed again by the compounds with the content exceeding the standard, the soil is cleaned and activated, anions or cations are extracted in a targeted manner by using the anion exchange membranes and the cation exchange membranes according to the requirements, the yield is improved, and the cultivated land treatment is completed. The land with heavy pollution is applicable to water bodies.
In the invention, 1 in fig. 1 is a standard that the saline-alkali soil with water or the humidity reaches the conductivity, and an electrolytic machine is designed by taking an electrolytic cell of a chlor-alkali industrial diaphragm electrolytic method as a starting point.
An anode electrode structure; the anode is made of corrosion-resistant inert conductive material.
A cathode portion cathode chamber configuration; preferably a cylindrical cathode chamber, the cathode chamber is constructed by a cation exchange membrane, a cathode, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a collecting tank, a water pump and a closed internal circulation cathode chamber which is jointly constructed, wherein the cathode is selected from corrosion-resistant conductive materials in the shape of a water filtering pipe, for example; the length of the cathode tube is 100cm, the diameter of the cathode tube is 8cm, the cation exchange membrane (tube) is sleeved outside the cathode tube, the cathode tube is tightly combined, the two ends of the cathode tube are sealed, the sealing length is 10 cm, the cation exchange membrane isolates the circulation of water in the cathode tube and the outside, the two ends of the cathode tube are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected with a collecting tank, water is added as electrolyte, and the water is driven to circulate by a water pump, so that a complete cathode chamber with internal circulation is constructed.
The electrolytic machine of the invention is assembled:
the cathode in the cathode chamber is insulated and fixed on the electrode frame, the anode is insulated and fixed on the electrode frame, a certain electrode distance, such as 10 cm distance, is kept between the anode and the outer diameter of the cathode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are arranged in parallel, the main body forms a rectangular frame structure, the collecting tank and the water pump are arranged on the machine frame and connected with the cathode chamber through pipelines, and the complete machine form is formed. The anode and the cathode are parallel and synchronous in working state and are contacted with 1 saline-alkali soil to form a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell, wherein the frame is directly connected with the power supply anode to be used as an anode chamber when using the corrosion-resistant metal frame, and the frame is used for replacing anode materials and has the frame function.
The working mode and principle of the invention are as follows:
the device is horizontally placed on the saline-alkali soil, the anode part and the cathode part are contacted with muddy water of the saline-alkali soil in parallel and synchronously, water is added into the collecting tank for circulation by the water pump, water in the collecting tank always circulates through the cathode chamber, the water contacts with the cation exchange membrane through holes on the cathode, the cation exchange membrane contacts with the saline-alkali soil, and the anode contacts with the saline-alkali soil.
After the anode and the cathode are connected with direct current, anions in the saline-alkali soil move to the anode, cations move to the cathode, caustic alkali compounds, salt, alkali, nitrate and the like contained in the saline-alkali area where the two electrodes are positioned are decomposed, the anions lose electrons on the anode and undergo oxidation reaction, acidic gas and muddy water are generated to be dissolved and combined to generate acidic water, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is adjusted,
the positive ions pass through the positive ion exchange membrane to enter the cathode chamber, electrons are obtained on the cathode, reduction reaction is carried out to generate caustic alkali, in the continuous electrolysis process, an internal circulation system of the cathode chamber circulates high-concentration caustic alkali near the cathode and generated gas into a collecting tank, in the continuous electrolysis process, the caustic alkali concentration in the collecting tank is gradually increased, caustic solution is taken out when the concentration is close to a saturated state, water is added again for continuous operation, the taken caustic alkali is evaporated to form caustic alkali products or prepared into other products, acid gas generated in the anode chamber can be collected to prepare products, and the anode chamber also treats and improves acid soil,
the device of the invention has the advantages that the self weight of the device enables the machine equipment to sink into muddy water, the sinking depth is just the anode part and the cathode part which are just overflowed, the sinking depth is controlled by increasing or reducing the water in the collecting tank to adjust the pressing weight of the electrolysis machine according to the difference of the hardness of each saline-alkali soil, and the method forms the complete machine equipment for extracting the salt, alkali, nitrate and producing caustic alkali in the saline-alkali soil.
The soil depth of the electrolytic saline-alkali soil depends on the electrode power and the running speed, for example, two parallel electrodes are horizontally placed on muddy water of the saline-alkali soil, semicircular downward diffusion is firstly shown on the soil, for example, the electrode distance is 10 cm, the linear distance conductivity of an anode and a cathode is maximum after a power supply is connected, the electrolytic saline-alkali soil is electrolyzed firstly, the linear distance conductivity is rapidly reduced, then the electric is conducted along the direction with high conductivity and is in arc shape, namely, the electric passes through the soil depth of the saline-alkali soil, and therefore, the depth of the electrolytic saline-alkali soil can be applied with power and the retention time of an electrolytic machine according to requirements.
The auxiliary equipment comprises:
the collecting tank is an electrolyte storage device and a caustic alkali collecting device, hydrogen is generated during cathode electrolysis, high-concentration caustic alkali circulated by the water pump is exchanged with low-concentration water in the collecting tank, concentrated treatment is taken out when the caustic alkali concentration in the collecting tank is close to saturation, and hydrogen is circulated, so that an exhaust fan is additionally arranged on the collecting tank to quickly discharge the hydrogen in the collecting tank into the air for dilution, or a gas treatment device is additionally arranged.
The membrane of the cathode chamber is removed by changing the anode and the cathode after being polluted, the material of the cathode chamber is changed into other corrosion-resistant tubular materials, graphite felt is used as a conductive electrode to increase the electrolytic efficiency, meanwhile, the cost is reduced, the manufacturing method is not disclosed in the specification, and the components of the cation exchange membrane are added with a plurality of materials to protect the cation exchange membrane, and the materials are not disclosed in the specification.
The anode is made of graphite felt wrapped by a material with good corrosion resistance and impact resistance, and the cost is reduced.
The device is integrally arranged on a full-hydraulic folding leveling machine, for example, a 804 tractor is used, the carried leveling machine is a folding leveling machine with the length of 2 meters, the total length of the leveling machine after the device is unfolded is 6 meters, electrolytic electrodes are arranged and arranged below the leveling machine in a serial or parallel mode, the diameter of positive electrodes is preferably smaller than half of the total diameter of a cathode chamber part, the positive electrodes are preferably arranged in front of the running direction, the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes are alternately arranged, the total width is 1 meter, the device has the advantages that two electrodes are fully contacted with saline-alkali soil muddy water in the dragging running process, a collecting tank is arranged on the tractor or the raking all-in-one machine to form an electrolytic machine raking all-in-one machine, the all-in-one machine is arranged on a hydraulic suspension of the tractor, the hydraulic suspension controls the contact depth of the all-in-one machine and the saline-alkali soil muddy water, the electrodes of the electrolytic machine device are fully contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the tractor is dragged to travel in the saline-alkali soil to carry out movable diaphragm electrolysis, the tractor repeatedly travels in the saline-alkali soil, the electrolytic saline-alkali soil is 6 square meters per travel, the integrated machine is not needed to singly use, for example, the output shaft of the tractor drives a generator to supply power to an electrolytic electrode, 500-DEG electricity is generated according to 10-hour full-load work per day, 200 kg of caustic soda pure products are produced when the salt content in the saline-alkali soil is decomposed and extracted, 200 kg of acid gas is directly dissolved in the saline-alkali soil at an anode, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is improved, the great economic benefit is produced when the saline-alkali soil is improved, the advantages are that the working efficiency is high, the treated saline-alkali soil content is even, the integrated machine is suitable for large-area treatment of the saline-alkali soil, particularly suitable for large-area cultivation paddy rice fields, the harrowing and the production of caustic soda in the saline-alkali soil are synchronously carried out, the quick treatment of the saline-alkali soil of various degrees, high yield in the same year, one-time treatment of saline-alkali soil, and no repeated investment.
The invention relates to a remote control field machine design
The remote control type electric power generation device is characterized in that a small tractor is used as a main part, for example, a small walking tractor is provided with a generator at the position where a rotary cultivator is arranged, a belt is connected to a belt pulley of the engine to drive the generator to generate power, and then the electrolytic machine is dragged.
The invention relates to an intelligent self-walking machine design,
the intelligent walking module is suitable for large, medium and small-scale saline-alkali soil treatment, is suitable for the combination of various walking machines and electrolytic machines, adopts a GPS satellite three-point positioning technology, performs laser SLAM instant positioning and map construction, performs planning automatic walking by using SLAM, performs visual navigation vSLAM, performs intelligent planning walking in various types, is similar to a sweeping robot to perform bow-shaped, back-shaped and intelligent walking module signal sources to replace a remote control type small tractor remote controller part, controls the butt joint of the walking machine part by using the intelligent signal sources, a linear motor and a reciprocating telescopic motor through a relay, and has the advantages of being suitable for the treatment of the saline-alkali soil in various areas. And the management is not needed, and the large-area operation of multiple machines can be realized at the same time.
The invention is fixed; the cathode chamber is prepared into a barrel shape according to the structure of a cylindrical electrode, any shape can be divided by taking a cation exchange membrane as the inside and outside, the anode chamber is placed in saline-alkali soil to be in close contact with muddy water of the saline-alkali soil, preferably the anode chamber is provided with an inert electrode, water is added into the cathode chamber to be used as electrolyte, a graphite rope or other inert conductive materials are used as an anode, the anode is centered on the cathode chamber, the distance between the starting point of the anode and the outer body of the cathode is calculated according to the current and voltage applied by design, the anode is placed in the soil of the saline-alkali soil in an outward radiation shape, the positive and negative electrodes are respectively connected with direct current, cations in the radiation range of the anode migrate to the cathode position under the effect of an electric field force and enter the cathode chamber through a diaphragm to be collected, and the directional treatment is applicable to solar power supply, wind power generation, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the defect of low and the treatment speed is not uniform, and the directional treatment is applicable to the same treatment of the saline-alkali soil of government.
Wherein the generator of the electrolytic machine can be designed on the output shaft of the tractor.
The electric generator of the electrolytic machine can be designed on the electrolytic machine body and is in power butt joint with the tractor by the transmission equipment, and the butt joint mode is unlimited.
Wherein the electrolytic machine can be designed and installed as a stand-alone machine device with a generator set or a charging device, or an electrolytic machine that walks using a body energy source.
Instance verification
Calculating the cost for treating the saline-alkali soil, calculating the salt content of 0.4-0.6% kg according to the standard of the severe saline-alkali soil, taking the intermediate value of 0.5% kg, when the treatment content is less than 0.2%, the salt with the electrowinning amount of about 0.3% per kg is required, the salt is converted into the salt with the concentration of about 3 kg per cubic meter,
for example; the 1 hectare area of the saline-alkali soil is 10000 square meters, the treatment depth is set to be 30 cm, 10000 times 0.3 meter=3000 cubic meters, 3000 times the salt content which needs to be extracted per cubic meter is 3 kg=9000 kg of salt, 607kg of chlorine gas is produced according to about 1000kg of salt in the chlor-alkali industrial production data, and 681kg of sodium hydroxide is produced
That is, about 6000kg of caustic alkali is produced at a depth of 30 cm for treating 1 hectare of severe saline-alkali soil. 5000kg of acid gas. The acid gas is directly dissolved into the saline-alkali soil at the anode to improve the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, so that the diaphragm electrolysis treatment of the saline-alkali soil does not need to thoroughly extract the salt.
According to the calculation, 6000kg of caustic alkali is produced in approximately dating, namely 6 tons of severe saline-alkali soil treatment, the economic value generated by acid gas recovery is not calculated, only the caustic alkali is calculated, the economic value generated by about 18000 yuan according to the price of the caustic alkali is about 3 kiloyuan per ton, and the consumed electric energy and other expenses are removed to offset each other, so that the above data refer to the chlorine alkali industrial productivity data, and the caustic alkali productivity in the saline-alkali soil is about equal to the data and is not accurate data and only serves as a reference value.
Claims (3)
1. A device for treating saline-alkali soil by a diaphragm electrolysis method is characterized in that: the middle part of the frame (5) is provided with cathode conductive materials (3) with two ends extending outwards in an insulating way, a section of the cathode conductive materials (3) arranged in the frame (5) is sleeved with a cation exchange membrane (9), two ends of the cation exchange membrane (9) are sealed, and a water through hole (10) is formed in the cathode conductive materials (3) arranged in the coating of the cation exchange membrane (9); one end of the cathode conductive material (3) is communicated with the collecting tank (6) through a water return pipe (2), the other end of the cathode conductive material is communicated with the collecting tank (6) through a water inlet pipe (7), and a water pump (8) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (7); anode conductive materials (4) are arranged on two sides of a frame (5) on two sides of the cathode conductive material (3) in parallel in an insulating manner, and the anode conductive materials (4) and the cathode conductive material (3) are synchronous in parallel with a cathode chamber formed by a cation exchange membrane (9) and are in contact with the saline-alkali soil (1); or the frame (5) is an anode, the cathode conductive material (3) and the cation exchange membrane (9) form a cathode chamber, and the frame (5) and the cathode conductive material (3) are synchronous in parallel with the cathode chamber formed by the cation exchange membrane (9) and are in contact with the saline-alkali soil (1); according to the difference of the hardness of each saline-alkali soil, the water in the collecting tank is increased or reduced to adjust the pressing weight of the electrolysis machine so as to control the sinking depth.
2. The method for treating the saline-alkali soil by the device for treating the saline-alkali soil by the diaphragm electrolysis method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the method adopts a diaphragm electrolysis method: the device is horizontally placed on the saline-alkali soil, the anode part, the cathode part and the parallel synchronous are contacted with muddy water of the saline-alkali soil, water is added into the collecting tank for circulation by a water pump, water in the collecting tank always circulates through the cathode chamber, the water is contacted with the cation exchange membrane through holes on the cathode, the cation exchange membrane is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the anode is contacted with the saline-alkali soil, and as the two electrodes are synchronously contacted with the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil is an anode chamber, muddy water of the saline-alkali soil is an electrolyte of the anode, and the cation exchange membrane is a dividing line, so that a complete diaphragm electrolytic cell is formed.
3. The use of the membrane electrolysis method of the device for treating saline-alkali soil by the membrane electrolysis method according to claim 2 for treating saline-alkali soil.
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| CN111903268A (en) * | 2020-08-15 | 2020-11-10 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Alkali extraction machine for treating saline-alkali soil |
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| JPH08283714A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1996-10-29 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Method for treating soil |
| CN205052095U (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-02 | 金柏生态环境股份有限公司 | Possesses automatic saline and alkaline land water circulating system of saline and alkaline function that arranges |
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| CN102668760B (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-08-13 | 北京奈艾斯新材料科技有限公司 | Method and device for governing saline-alkali soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH08283714A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1996-10-29 | Permelec Electrode Ltd | Method for treating soil |
| CN205052095U (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-03-02 | 金柏生态环境股份有限公司 | Possesses automatic saline and alkaline land water circulating system of saline and alkaline function that arranges |
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