CN109752282A - Icing sensor and its transmission line icing monitoring system and monitoring method of application - Google Patents
Icing sensor and its transmission line icing monitoring system and monitoring method of application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109752282A CN109752282A CN201910152948.1A CN201910152948A CN109752282A CN 109752282 A CN109752282 A CN 109752282A CN 201910152948 A CN201910152948 A CN 201910152948A CN 109752282 A CN109752282 A CN 109752282A
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Abstract
Iced insulator sensor disclosed by the invention, including insulation crust and multiple monitoring unit, microprocessor is installed inside insulation crust, microprocessor is connected by conducting wire with the monitoring unit, and microprocessor is separately connected Temperature Humidity Sensor, data memory module, energy supply control module, RTC timing module and remote communication module；The invention also discloses transmission line icing monitoring systems, including the iced insulator sensor being mounted on transmission pressure, monitoring unit is sequentially arranged at intervals installation along transmission pressure, transmission pressure sequentially passes through electrode plate A in each monitoring unit and the electrode plate B and is fastened with plastic buckle, microprocessor wireless communication connection ice coating state monitor, and wireless communicatedly face monitoring center；The invention also discloses a kind of icing monitoring methods, have filled up the vacancy in terms of iced insulator sensor, for realize iced insulator on-line monitoring provide may and basis, for smart grid build in intelligent clearing ice technology basis is provided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ice covering on transmission lines monitoring technical fields, and in particular to a kind of iced insulator sensor, the present invention is also
Relate to the use of the powerline ice-covering measuring density system of iced insulator sensor device foundation, the invention further relates to a kind of icing
The monitoring method of density.
Background technique
Transmission line of electricity surface icing/snow is consequence caused by a kind of special weather, as the high speed of State Grid's system is sent out
The transmission line of electricity of exhibition, electric system is further intensive in each department covering distribution, and icing/snow of transmission line of electricity is directly to power transmission network band
Come great harm and loss, influences its normal operation.Therefore, how icing monitoring, prevention effectively to be carried out to transmission line of electricity
Reliable deicing solution is particularly important with providing.
Currently, the theoretical research and base for the research of powerline ice-covering primarily directed to icing model of growth both at home and abroad
In the icing quality of mechanics sensor and the on-line monitoring technique of thickness, however, calculating the thickness and quality of icing mostly, mainly
It is calculated using the density of pure ice, has ignored the real density of icing on transmission line of electricity, so that large error is produced,
It is unfavorable for accurately calculating iced insulator, it is therefore desirable to which design can be directly used for Density of Ice Coating on Conductors measurement sensor and fill up this
The vacancy of aspect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of iced insulator sensor, relative dielectric constant of the sensor based on icing,
The density of icing is calculated in the relative dielectric constant that icing can accurately be measured, and improves the computational accuracy of iced insulator.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of transmission line icing monitoring system, realize that Density of Ice Coating on Conductors is supervised online
It surveys, monitoring transmission line icing and intelligent management.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of icing monitoring method of power transmission line.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that iced insulator sensor, including insulation crust and multiple monitoring unit, absolutely
Edge interior of shell is equipped with microprocessor, and microprocessor is connected by conducting wire with monitoring unit, and microprocessor is separately connected warm and humid
Spend sensor, data memory module, energy supply control module, RTC timing module and remote communication module；
The input terminal of the output end connection sigma-delta capacitive digital converter of monitoring unit, sigma-delta capacitive digital converter
Output end connects microprocessor；
The input terminal of energy supply control module is separately connected conducting wire mutual inductance and takes energy module and battery.
Other features of the invention also reside in,
Temperature Humidity Sensor is connect by RS232 level with microprocessor.
Conducting wire mutual inductance takes the input terminal of the output end connection signal conditioning circuit of energy module, the output end of signal conditioning circuit
Connect energy supply control module.
It is the open-close type current transformer of epoxy resin encapsulation that conducting wire mutual inductance, which takes energy module,.
Monitoring unit includes that two circular electrode plate A and electrode plate B, electrode plate A and electrode plate B include two semicircles
The capacitor board of shape, two capacitor board one end are flexibly connected by shaft, and two capacitor board centers have the semicircle of concentric circles
Connected in star, for being placed on transmission pressure, two capacitor board other ends are mounted on plastic buckle, will by plastic buckle
Electrode plate A and electrode plate B are fixed on transmission pressure.
Another technical solution of the invention is a kind of transmission line icing monitoring system, is sensed using above-mentioned iced insulator
Device, including the iced insulator sensor being mounted on transmission pressure, the insulation crust of iced insulator sensor, which is mounted on, is transmitting electricity
On conducting wire, monitoring unit is sequentially arranged at intervals installation along transmission pressure, transmission pressure sequentially passes through in each monitoring unit
Electrode plate A and the center electrode plate B semi-circular recesses in, plastic buckle is fastened, by conducting wire by each monitoring unit according to
Secondary connection is simultaneously connect with microprocessor, and microprocessor wireless communication connection ice coating state monitor, ice coating state monitor is fixed
On transmission tower, ice coating state monitor connects ground monitoring center by 4G network communication.
Wireless communication uses ZigBee mode.
Another technical solution of the invention is a kind of icing monitoring method of power transmission line, using a kind of powerline ice-covering
Monitoring system, concrete operations include the following steps:
Step 1, ice covering monitoring system is installed and is checked, the microprocessor in ice covering monitoring system acquires temperature and humidity in real time
Sensor acquires the temperature and humidity information on transmission pressure, while two electrode plate A and electrode in acquisition monitoring unit in real time
The data of acquisition are stored in data memory module by the capacitance between plate B, microprocessor, and analyze acquisition data judgement transmission of electricity
Whether there is ice on conducting wire, if there is ice, then carries out step 2；If continuing to acquire information without ice；
Step 2, microprocessor is according to the capacitance in the monitoring unit of acquisition between two electrode plate A and electrode plate B, first
Capacitance is converted to icing relative dielectric constant, iced insulator is then calculated, then microprocessor is further in real time
Ice coating state monitor is transferred to by the iced insulator that communication module is calculated；
Step 3, ice coating state monitor stores the data in situ received, is divided according to fixed data length
Group, and by after the maxima and minima rejecting in every group of data, it is sent to ground monitoring center, ground by wireless communication
Monitoring center realizes the long-range monitoring to transmission pressure according to the iced insulator on obtained transmission pressure.
The invention has the advantages that icing sensor and its ice covering on transmission lines of application monitoring system and monitoring method,
The corresponding relationship of relative dielectric constant and iced insulator based on icing devises the structure of icing sensor, passes through two aluminums
Open-close type electrode plate groups are easy to disassemble and install at relative dielectric constant monitoring unit, and two pole plates on monitoring unit
On be provided with dead ring, and wherein one it is upper equipotential ring is set, caused by eliminating edge effect and electric insulation
Error increases the accuracy of monitoring；Microprocessor is configured by reading the time of RTC timing module, ensure that icing is close
Sensor and extraneous time consistency are spent, each group iced insulator sensor is acquired into data according to the sample frequency of setting, to progress
The icing relative dielectric constant that inverse operation obtains takes arithmetic average, effectively improves the precision of iced insulator monitoring data；Power supply
Control module takes energy+battery using conducting wire mutual inductance, is embedded into sphere iced insulator sensor and powers for it, solves and lead
The powerup issue of line side sensor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of iced insulator sensor of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of monitoring unit in a kind of iced insulator sensor of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of electrode plate A in a kind of iced insulator sensor of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of electrode plate B in a kind of iced insulator sensor of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of transmission line icing monitoring system of the invention.
In figure, 1. microprocessors, 2. monitoring unit, 3. sigma-delta capacitive digital converters, 4. Temperature Humidity Sensors,
5.RS232 level, 6. data memory modules, 7. remote communication modules, 8. conducting wire mutual inductances take can module, 9. signal conditioning circuits,
10. energy supply control module, 11. batteries, 12. ice coating state monitors, 13. shafts, 14. conducting wires, 15. aluminium sheets, 16. equipotentials
Ring, 17. dead rings, 18. plastic buckles, 19.RTC timing module.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Iced insulator sensor of the invention, including insulation crust and multiple monitoring unit 2, as shown in Figure 1, insulation crust
Inside is equipped with microprocessor 1, and microprocessor 1 is connected by conducting wire and monitoring unit 2, and microprocessor 1 is separately connected temperature and humidity
Sensor 4, data memory module 6, energy supply control module 10, RTC timing module 19 and remote communication module 7；
The input terminal of the output end connection sigma-delta capacitive digital converter 3 of monitoring unit 2, sigma-delta capacitive digital converter
3 output end connects microprocessor 1；
The input terminal of energy supply control module 10 is separately connected conducting wire mutual inductance and takes energy module 8 and battery 11.
Temperature Humidity Sensor 4 is connect by RS232 level with microprocessor 1.
Conducting wire mutual inductance take can module 8 output end connection signal conditioning circuit 9 input terminal, signal conditioning circuit 9 it is defeated
Outlet connects energy supply control module 10.
It is the open-close type current transformer of epoxy resin encapsulation that conducting wire mutual inductance, which takes energy module 8,.
As shown in Fig. 2, monitoring unit 2 includes two circular electrode plate A and electrode plate B, electrode plate A and electrode plate B are equal
Including two semicircular capacitor boards, two capacitor board one end are flexibly connected by shaft 13, and two capacitor board centers are opened respectively
There are the semi-circular recesses of concentric circles, for being placed on transmission pressure, two capacitor board other ends are mounted on plastic buckle
18, electrode plate A and electrode plate B are fixed on transmission pressure by plastic buckle 18.
Electrode plate A and electrode plate B is the plate of aluminum, as shown in figure 3, the affixed dead ring 17 of the outer wall of electrode plate A, absolutely
The outer wall of edge ring 17 is provided with equipotential ring 16.
As shown in figure 4, being not provided with equipotential ring 16 on electrode plate B.
The working principle of iced insulator sensor of the invention is as follows: the single-chip microcontroller model that microprocessor 1 uses is
STM32F407, the aluminum electrode plate of monitoring unit 2 pass through (the Capacitance to of sigma-delta capacitive digital converter 3 respectively
Digital Converter, CDC) it is linked into microprocessor 1, microprocessor 1 surveys the measured value of each sensor in real time
Amount, when the measured value of icing relative dielectric constant monitoring unit 2 increases, the signal of Temperature Humidity Sensor 4 passes through RS232 level
5 access microprocessors 1, microprocessor 1 combine the output result of each sensor to carry out having icing accumulation on analytical proof conducting wire 14,
Each data are stored in data memory module 6, realize the real-time monitoring of Density of Ice Coating on Conductors.Microprocessor 1 is finally by covering after analysis
Ice concentration monitor value is transferred to ice coating state monitor 12 by ZigBee remote communication module 7, in ice coating state monitor 12
Portion includes digital processing module, energy supply control module, data memory module and communication module, and data memory module will be received
Iced insulator data are stored, and then digital processing module handles the iced insulator data of storage, reject each item number
It is sent to backstage monitoring center after one group of most Value Data in and carries out real-time iced insulator monitoring, energy supply control module is icing
State monitor power supply, communication module are wirelessly communicated using 4G.Conducting wire mutual inductance takes energy module 8 by signal conditioning circuit 9 and stores
Battery 11 is respectively connected to energy supply control module 10 and is powered to microprocessor 1.
Wherein the corresponding relationship of icing relative dielectric constant and iced insulator is particularly important, the density of icing such as 1 institute of formula
Show:
In formula, icing can regard air (relative dielectric constant are as follows: ε as0) it is background material, wherein having wrapped up ice particle
(relative dielectric constant are as follows: ε1), V1The volume accounting for being pure ice in icing, ε is then the relative dielectric constant of practical icing；
Icing can regard the mixture of two kinds of substances of pure ice and air as, and icing is full of between capacitor plate, measure capacitor
The capacitance (capacitor pole board size can be adjusted moderately according to aerial condutor thickness) of device, therefore, can by capacitance calculation formula 2
Obtain the relative dielectric constant of icing:
In icing relative dielectric constant monitoring unit, since setting is mounted with dead ring and equipotential ring, so edge
The problems such as effect and electric insulation, is eliminated the influence of the error of experiment.For electrode plate (plane-parallel capacitor), ignore
The edge effect of plane-parallel capacitor, the relationship between the dielectric constant and capacitance of capacitor may be expressed as:
C=εrεIt is emptyS/d (2)
In formula: c is condenser capacity, εrFor the dielectric constant of medium, εIt is emptyFor the dielectric constant of vacuum, 8.854*10 is taken-12F/m；S is that the square measure of pole plate is m2, d is that the parasang between two-plate is m；
It can be obtained by formula 2, capacitor can be different because of the dielectric constant of medium between pole plate, different capacitances is showed, therefore,
The relative dielectric constant for calculating medium that the size of plane-parallel capacitor capacitance can quantify is measured, by taking icing as an example, icing can
Regard air (relative dielectric constant are as follows: ε as0) it is background material, wherein having wrapped up ice particle (relative dielectric constant are as follows: ε1), it can
The calculation formula of icing dielectric constant is made into following improvement:
In formula, V1The volume accounting for being pure ice in icing, ε is then the relative dielectric constant of practical icing.
The volume accounting calculation formula of pure ice in icing can be obtained according to formula 3:
In formula 4, VIceFor the volume accounting of ice in icing；The quality of air is small to can neglect compared with pure ice under equal volume
Slightly disregard, the content of air has little effect the quality of icing in icing, can be ignored, and the density of icing calculates
In, the quality of icing can be similar to the quality of pure ice in icing, and volume is calculated according to the icing volume of measurement.
Monitoring unit 2 constitutes icing relative dielectric constant measurement module using two panels aluminum circular electrode plates, by size phase
Deng A, B two panels electrode plate fix, and anti-pollution flashover coating is smeared in two capacitor plates and groove surfaces, using open-close type icing phase
To dielectric constant measurement module, the inconvenience of installation and removal is avoided, wherein a piece of design has the electrode plate of equipotential ring 16
A is designed using open-close type between every group of electrode plate, connects two semicircle capacitor boards by shaft 13 when opening, two when fastening
Semicircle is combined into one and by 18 fastening of rectangular plastic buckle；Between equipotential ring 16 and aluminium sheet with the insulation board 17 of 2mm wide every
Open, the problems such as ring eliminates edge effect and electric insulation the error caused by measurement, with ensure two-part structure it is electrical every
From.Wherein A plate is equipped with equipotential ring, and B plate is then not provided with equipotential ring；
Conducting wire mutual inductance takes the energy supply control module of energy+battery, and conducting wire mutual inductance, which takes, to be transmitted electricity using electromagnetic induction principle
One open-close type mutual inductor is installed on conducting wire and is connected to power module embedded in sphere iced insulator sensor through signal conditioning circuit
Inside powers for entire iced insulator sensor, solves the problems, such as that traditional mutual inductor installs power supply inconvenience in side of wire.
A kind of transmission line icing monitoring system of the invention, as shown in figure 5, including the icing being mounted on transmission pressure
The insulation crust of density sensor, iced insulator sensor is mounted on transmission pressure, by monitoring unit along transmission pressure
It is sequentially arranged at intervals installation, transmission pressure sequentially passes through the electrode plate A in each monitoring unit and the semicircle in the center electrode plate B
In groove, plastic buckle 18 is fastened, be sequentially connected each monitoring unit 2 by conducting wire and is connect with microprocessor 1, micro- place
The wireless communication connection ice coating state monitor 12 of device 1 is managed, ice coating state monitor 12 is fixed on transmission tower, ice coating state prison
It surveys instrument 12 and passes through 4G network communication and transmission to ground monitoring center.
Wireless communication uses ZigBee mode.
A kind of icing monitoring method of power transmission line of the invention, concrete operations include the following steps:
Step 1, ice covering monitoring system is installed and is checked, initialized after powering on, micro- place in ice covering monitoring system
The temperature and humidity information on the real-time acquisition Temperature Humidity Sensor 4 acquisition transmission pressure of device 1 is managed, while acquiring monitoring unit in real time
The data of acquisition are stored in data memory module 6 by the capacitance in 2 between two electrode plate A and electrode plate B, microprocessor 1,
And analyze acquisition data and judge whether there is ice on transmission pressure, if there is ice, then carry out step 2；If continuing to adopt without ice
Collect information；
Step 2, microprocessor 1 is first according to the capacitance in the monitoring unit 2 of acquisition between two electrode plate A and electrode plate B
Capacitance and electrode plate size conversion are first obtained into icing relative dielectric constant, by iced insulator is calculated, then micro process
The iced insulator being calculated further is transferred to ice coating state monitor 12 in real time by ZigBee communication module 7 by device 1；
Step 3, ice coating state monitor 12 stores the data in situ received, is divided according to fixed data length
Group, and by after the maxima and minima rejecting in every group of data, ground monitoring center, ground prison are sent to by 4G communication
Measured center realizes the long-range monitoring to transmission pressure according to the iced insulator on obtained transmission pressure.
Iced insulator sensor disclosed by the invention solves and cannot be accurately obtained iced insulator in existing method, results in
There are problems that large error, the electricity that iced insulator sensor disclosed by the invention passes through design to icing monitoring on transmission pressure
Hold hardened structure, accurately calculate to obtain iced insulator using relative dielectric constant, iced insulator sensor is mounted on transmission pressure
On, obtained iced insulator data are transferred to ice coating state monitor, ice coating state monitor carries out on the spot measurement data
Storage and processing are sent to the real-time iced insulator prison of backstage monitoring center progress after rejecting one group of most Value Data in all data
It surveys.
Claims (8)
1. iced insulator sensor, which is characterized in that including insulation crust and multiple monitoring unit (2), in the insulation crust
Portion is equipped with microprocessor (1), and the microprocessor (1) is connected by conducting wire and the monitoring unit (2), the microprocessor
(1) be separately connected Temperature Humidity Sensor (4), data memory module (6), energy supply control module (10), RTC timing module (19) and
Remote communication module (7)；
The input terminal of output end connection sigma-delta capacitive digital converter (3) of the monitoring unit (2), the sigma-delta capacitor number
The output end of word converter (3) connects the microprocessor (1)；
The input terminal of the energy supply control module (10) is separately connected conducting wire mutual inductance and takes energy module (8) and battery (11).
2. iced insulator sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the Temperature Humidity Sensor (4) passes through RS232
Level is connect with the microprocessor (1).
3. iced insulator sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the conducting wire mutual inductance takes the defeated of energy module (8)
The input terminal of outlet connection signal conditioning circuit (9), the output end of the signal conditioning circuit (9) connect the power supply and control mould
Block (10).
4. iced insulator sensor as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that it is ring that the conducting wire mutual inductance, which takes energy module (8),
The open-close type current transformer of oxygen resin-encapsulated.
5. iced insulator sensor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the monitoring unit (2) includes two circles
Electrode plate A and electrode plate B, the electrode plate A and electrode plate B include two semicircular capacitor boards, two capacitors
One end of plate is flexibly connected by shaft (13), and two capacitor board centers have the semi-circular recesses of concentric circles, is used
In being placed on transmission pressure, the other end of two capacitor boards is mounted on plastic buckle (18), passes through the plastics
The electrode plate A and the electrode plate B are fixed on transmission pressure by buckle (18).
6. a kind of transmission line icing monitoring system, which is characterized in that sensed using iced insulator as claimed in claim 5
Device, including the iced insulator sensor being mounted on transmission pressure, the insulation crust of the iced insulator sensor is mounted on
On transmission pressure, the monitoring unit is sequentially arranged at intervals installation along transmission pressure, transmission pressure sequentially passes through each institute
It states in the electrode plate A in monitoring unit and the semi-circular recesses in the center electrode plate B, the plastic buckle (18) is fastened,
Each monitoring unit (2) is sequentially connected by conducting wire and is connect with the microprocessor (1), the microprocessor (1)
Wireless communication connection ice coating state monitor (12), the ice coating state monitor (12) is fixed on transmission tower, described to cover
Ice state monitor (12) connects ground monitoring center by 4G network communication.
7. a kind of transmission line icing monitoring system as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the wireless communication uses
ZigBee mode.
8. a kind of icing monitoring method of power transmission line, using a kind of transmission line icing monitoring system as claimed in claim 7,
It is characterized in that, concrete operations include the following steps:
Step 1, ice covering monitoring system is installed and is checked, the microprocessor (1) in ice covering monitoring system acquires temperature and humidity in real time
Sensor (4) acquires the temperature and humidity information on transmission pressure, while acquiring two electrode plate A in monitoring unit (2) in real time
Capacitance between electrode plate B, the data of acquisition are stored in the data memory module (6) by microprocessor (1), and are analyzed
Acquisition data judge whether there is ice on transmission pressure, if there is ice, then carry out step 2；If continuing acquisition letter without ice
Breath；
Step 2, microprocessor (1) is first according to the capacitance in the monitoring unit (2) of acquisition between two electrode plate A and electrode plate B
Capacitance is first converted to icing relative dielectric constant, iced insulator is then calculated, then the microprocessor (1) is into one
Step is transferred to the ice coating state monitor (12) in real time by the iced insulator that communication module (7) is calculated；
Step 3, the ice coating state monitor (12) stores the data in situ received, carries out according to fixed data length
Grouping, and by after the maxima and minima rejecting in every group of data, it is sent to ground monitoring center, ground by wireless communication
Face monitoring center realizes the long-range monitoring to transmission pressure according to the iced insulator on obtained transmission pressure.
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| CN201910152948.1A CN109752282A (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2019-02-28 | Icing sensor and its transmission line icing monitoring system and monitoring method of application |
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| CN201910152948.1A CN109752282A (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2019-02-28 | Icing sensor and its transmission line icing monitoring system and monitoring method of application |
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| CN110146008A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-20 | 西安工程大学 | Based on the icing parameter of interdigital capacitor sensor and the monitoring method of state |
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| CN113324467A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Device and method for monitoring equivalent icing thickness of lead based on ice dielectric capacitance effect |
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Application publication date: 20190514 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |