CN109748461B - Reservoir pollution prevention overflow weir and method for separating clear from turbid - Google Patents
Reservoir pollution prevention overflow weir and method for separating clear from turbid Download PDFInfo
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- CN109748461B CN109748461B CN201910162333.7A CN201910162333A CN109748461B CN 109748461 B CN109748461 B CN 109748461B CN 201910162333 A CN201910162333 A CN 201910162333A CN 109748461 B CN109748461 B CN 109748461B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reservoir pollution control overflow weir and a method for separating clear from turbid, comprising the following steps: at least one level of overflow dam arranged at the tail of the reservoir, the level height of the overflow dam is as follows: the dam crest of the lowest stage overflow dam is above the reservoir water level in the low water level of the flood season, at least one stage of overflow dam is submerged in the high water level of the flood season, the upper half part of the overflow dam is gravel filler, and the lower half part of the overflow dam is gravel filler and water purification structure. The invention intercepts the high polluted water flow at the upstream by arranging the overflow weir at the tail of the reservoir, blocks the pollution outside the reservoir area by the filtering and purifying effect of the dam body, and concentrates the pollutants in the area of the overflow weir so as to be treated in a centralized way. Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the land used by the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area of the original reservoir without additionally increasing the occupied land, thereby saving the land resources of the reservoir area. The overflow dam has no earth excavation amount, local materials are used, and the construction cost is extremely low. Meanwhile, the construction of the overflow dam can be combined with the desilting, water transfer and sand transfer of the reservoir area, and multiple effects are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a clear and turbid separated reservoir pollution control overflow weir and a method, which are facilities and a method for environment control and protection, water conservancy project operation scheduling and water environment pollution control, and a method for reducing pollutants in a reservoir water body by using the overflow weir.
Background
The reservoir is a hydraulic structure which is provided with functions of flood control, power generation, irrigation, water supply, navigation and the like by using dams to intercept surface water bodies of rivers, canals and the like to raise the upstream water level. The method is characterized in that the water quantities of the upstream and downstream can be adjusted through a spillway, a water discharge structure and the like, and flood discharge and water discharge in flood season and closing and water storage in non-flood season are completed according to reservoir operation scheduling rules.
In recent years, water resources in northern water-deficient areas in China are seriously attenuated, many reservoirs run at low water levels for a long time, and long hydro-fluctuation belts are reserved at the tail of the reservoir. On the other hand, the water quality of the middle section of the reservoir area and the water quality in front of the dam are relatively good, and small-scale flood which intermittently occurs in flood season often carries a large amount of pollutants and silt at the upper part, so that intermittent influence is brought to the water quality at the tail of the reservoir. The regulation capacity, the service life and the irrigation and water supply safety of the reservoir are reduced, and particularly in areas with serious upstream water and soil loss, the water-sand proportion is disordered, a large amount of sand and solid pollutants are accumulated in the reservoir area for a long time, and the water environment quality of the reservoir area is seriously damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a reservoir pollution control overflow weir and a method for separating clear from turbid. The overflow weir and the method isolate small-scale flood carrying pollutants through the low dam overflow weir, and the flood is discharged into a reservoir after being stored, settled and purified by the reservoir tail soil mass overflow dam so as to maintain the water quality of water in the reservoir area to be healthy. The silt blocked by the reservoir tail soil overflow dam can be mechanically desilted when the reservoir area runs at a low water level or the water level is actively reduced periodically.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a clear-turbid separated reservoir pollution control overflow weir comprising: at least one level of overflow dam of setting at reservoir tail, the level of overflow dam is: the dam top of the lowest-level overflow dam is above the water level of the reservoir area in the low water level of the flood season, at least one level of overflow dam is submerged in the high water level of the flood season, the upper half part of the overflow dam is sand and stone filler, and the lower half part of the overflow dam is sand and stone filler and a water purification structure.
Furthermore, a water body in-situ repair device is arranged in front of each overflow dam.
A reservoir pollution control method using the clear-turbid separation of the overflow weir comprises the following steps:
the method comprises a flood season low water level process, a flood season high water level process and a dredging process;
the low water level process in the flood season:
each stage of overflow dam blocks the upstream high-pollution flood from upstream to downstream in sequence step by step, and accumulates a certain amount of intermittent small-scale incoming water;
filtering and permeating water bodies accumulated in front of the overflow dam at each stage through sand and biological purification structures, and then entering a reservoir area;
along with the continuous water supply at the upstream, the water level of the water body accumulated in the overflow dam is continuously increased, and the water body accumulated on the water surface part in front of the overflow dam overflows the top of the overflow dam and enters the reservoir area;
solid impurities in the flood are blocked in front of the overflow dam;
the high water level process in the non-flood season:
the overflow dam below the reservoir water level is submerged;
the submerged overflow dam continues to filter the passing bottom water body and block solid matters;
the overflow dam which is not submerged continuously plays the role of the overflow dam in the low water level of the flood season;
the dredging process comprises the following steps:
when the reservoir runs at a low water level or the water level is actively reduced periodically, the water in front of each overflow dam is discharged as much as possible;
and mechanically cleaning the solid impurities intercepted in front of the overflow dam and repairing a biological purification structure.
Furthermore, the polluted state of the water body is restored by the in-situ water body restoration device in the submerged state or the non-submerged state before each overflow dam.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention intercepts the high polluted water flow at the upstream by arranging the overflow weir at the tail of the reservoir, blocks the pollution outside the reservoir area by the filtering and purifying effect of the dam body, and concentrates the pollutants in the area of the overflow weir so as to be treated in a centralized way. Compared with the prior art, the invention utilizes the land used by the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area of the original reservoir without additionally increasing the occupied land, thereby saving the land resources of the reservoir area. The overflow dam has no earth excavation amount, local materials are used, and the construction cost is extremely low. Meanwhile, the construction of the overflow dam can be combined with dredging, water transfer and sand transfer in the reservoir area, so that the method has multiple effects, saves investment and operation cost, improves the quality of water environment in the reservoir area, and provides guarantee on water quality and water quantity for downstream water supply and ecological environment protection.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic low water level view of a weir according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic high level view of a weir according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of a method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment is a reservoir pollution control overflow weir for separating clear from turbid. The overflow weir includes: at least one level of overflow dam 2 arranged at the tail 1 of the reservoir, wherein the level height of the overflow dam is as follows: the dam crest of the lowest stage overflow dam is above the reservoir water level in the low water level 3 (see fig. 1) of the flood season, at least one stage of overflow dam is submerged in the high water level 4 (see fig. 2) of the flood season, the upper half 101 of the overflow dam is sand filler, and the lower half 102 of the overflow dam is sand filler and water purification structure, as shown in fig. 1.
The reservoir tail is a hydro-fluctuation zone of an incoming river in a reservoir area, the reservoir tail is submerged when the water level in front of the dam 5 reaches a high level and becomes a part of reservoir storage, and the incoming river can be restored to a running water state again when the water level in front of the dam falls.
The weir of the present embodiment is a relatively broad concept, and may include a weir and an impoundment area in front of the weir, or a plurality of weirs and impoundment areas in front of each weir, and a step overflow area is formed in the incoming watercourse, and this step overflow area is referred to as a weir in the present embodiment, and a structure forming each step impoundment area is referred to as a weir. In fig. 1, a schematic view of three weirs and three impoundment areas is shown, and in practice one, two, four or even more weirs and corresponding impoundment areas may be provided.
The water body in the reservoir area is arranged from the upstream of the dam to the reservoir tail, the water level of the water body in the reservoir area is lower under the requirement of flood control water level in the flood season, and the water level of the water body in the reservoir area in the non-flood season is higher. An overflow dam is arranged at an immersion point at the end of the reservoir tail flood control water level submergence end, part of the overflow dam can be submerged to form an underwater overflow dam in the non-flood period and a water storage area in front of the dam is also submerged to form a part of the reservoir area. These underwater overflow dams are exposed to the water surface when the reservoir area is at a low water level, and block the incoming water of the river course to form a water storage area.
The overflow dam can block upstream high pollution flood and accumulate a certain amount of intermittent small-scale incoming water. Solid impurities such as silt in the highly polluted flood are blocked and stored at the tail of the reservoir by the overflow dam, and the water level of the water body in the storage of the overflow dam is continuously increased along with the continuous water coming from the upstream.
The position and the storage capacity of the overflow weir need to be designed and calculated according to river and upstream and downstream hydrological data, and the main parameters comprise the total amount of flood (sewage), the retention time of the tail sewage of the reservoir, the material of the building, the biological purification capacity and the like.
The overflow dam is made of fillers such as soil, gravel and the like, and biological purification and seepage materials are additionally arranged on the lower half part of the overflow dam close to the bottom of the overflow dam to form a water purification structure. The main components of the overflow dam are soil and gravel which can be obtained from local materials, and the overflow dam is constructed by equipment such as a bulldozer, an excavator and the like, so that the cost is extremely low. The water purifying structure can also use cobbles in the river channel as local materials to form a water permeable filtering layer through proper gradation. Therefore, the construction cost of the water purification structure is also extremely low.
The water body accumulated in front of the overflow dam is filtered and permeated by the soil overflow dam and the biological purification structure to form a clean water body which enters the reservoir area. The water quality of the accumulated water body can be improved by an in-situ water body restoration technology (such as PGPR and the like). The reservoir area is mainly clear water, and the area above the overflow dam is mainly turbid water under the influence of upstream turbid flow and high-pollution flood.
A single overflow dam can achieve a good decontamination effect, and a plurality of overflow dams can be combined in a changeable mode to achieve a good effect. If a plurality of stepped overflow dam combinations are built according to the scale and the gradient of the hydro-fluctuation area of the reservoir, the sand settling and dirt removing efficiency is improved.
Example two:
the embodiment is an improvement of the first embodiment, and relates to an improvement of a front impound area of an overflow dam. In this embodiment, a water body in-situ restoration device is arranged in front of each overflow dam.
The water body in-situ remediation device has various forms, and one or more facilities can be selected to obtain a good pollution removal effect.
Taking the PGPR in-situ repair technology as an example, artificially cultured and propagated PGPR microorganism particles are put in front of an overflow dam, the microorganism particles are prepared by a nano technology and a micro-coating technology, the volume is uniform, and the particles contain nutrients Prebiotics (such as trace elements, proteins, enzymes and other carriers) required by activating PGPR microorganisms. The activated PGPR microorganisms are denitrified in the aerobic denitrification process, and a high-efficiency food chain is established to reduce the eutrophic substances (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matters and the like) in the water body. With the reproduction of PGPR microorganisms in the water body, a sustainable aquatic animal and plant system is automatically established, pollutants in the water body are degraded on the spot, and the ecological restoration of the water body is realized.
Example three:
the embodiment is a reservoir pollution control method by using the overflow weir for clear and turbid separation, and a schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 3.
The method for treating the pollution of the tail of the reservoir comprises the following steps:
and in the flood season of the reservoir, keeping the low water level in the reservoir area according to the reservoir operation scheduling rule. The high pollution of flood season upper reaches, high turbidity flood alternately converge into the reservoir area, and small-scale flood meets the overflow dam water level at warehouse entry department and is raised, and along with the upstream increases of coming water, first overflow dam holds the overflow, and the flood through preliminary deposit flows to next overflow dam, and the water after separation, the filtration purification of cascaded multiunit clear and turbid, filtration get into the reservoir area, has reduced the sand content and the pollutant load in reservoir area, has reached the mesh that clear and turbid branch put.
And in the non-flood season, the reservoir keeps the high water level of the reservoir area according to the reservoir operation scheduling rule. Under the high water level state of the reservoir area, the overflow dam at the downstream is submerged, but the water at the bottom layer is still separated, and the sand and stone filler and the water purification structure still play the functions of isolating and purifying the clear and turbid water at the bottom layer. The overflow dam which is higher than the reservoir area water level still plays the roles of storing and purifying the upstream high-pollution water body. If the in-situ water body restoration devices are arranged in front of the overflow dams, the in-situ water body restoration devices can effectively treat pollution and improve water quality.
In dry seasons, upstream incoming water is properly intercepted, water in front of the overflow dam is discharged as much as possible, silt and solid pollutants intercepted in front of the overflow dam are cleaned by manpower and engineering machinery, and meanwhile, a water purification structure is cleaned or replaced, so that the filtering and purifying effects can be normally exerted.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises a flood season low water level process, a non-flood season high water level process and a dredging process. This is the state of the weir at different times. At low water levels all weirs are exposed above the water surface, at high water levels some downstream weirs are submerged, while upstream weirs are still exposed above the water surface. The dredging process is to clean silt and other pollutants in the dry season.
The low water level process in the flood season:
each stage of overflow dam blocks the upstream high-pollution flood from upstream to downstream in sequence step by step and accumulates a certain amount of intermittent small-scale incoming water. Because the overflow dams are arranged stage by stage, the water coming from the upstream of the riverway also enters the front of each overflow dam stage by stage.
And filtering and permeating water bodies accumulated in front of the overflow dam at all levels through sand and biological purification structures, and then entering a reservoir area. Under the condition that the water volume is small, the overflow dam aims to intercept solid pollutants and silt in water instead of water flow, so that the overflow dam is permeable, the intercepted water flow can also flow through the overflow dam in a permeating mode, and even if the water level in front of the overflow dam does not reach the top of the dam, the water flow can also flow to a reservoir area through the dam body.
Along with the continuous water supply of the upstream, the water level of the water body accumulated in the overflow dam is continuously increased, and the water body accumulated on the water surface part in front of the overflow dam overflows the top of the overflow dam and enters the reservoir area. When the upstream water volume is larger, the water level in front of each overflow dam is gradually increased until the water level overflows the top of the weir.
Solid impurities in the flood are stopped in front of the overflow dam. Although the water flows over the weir crest, solid matters in the water flow can be intercepted by the overflow dam, and meanwhile, the fast flow of the water flow is blocked by the stagnation storage effect in front of the overflow dam, so that silt is precipitated, and the water body is effectively purified.
The high water level process in the non-flood season:
the overflow dam below the reservoir water level is submerged. When the reservoir reaches a high level, part of the overflow dam is submerged, but still there is an overflow dam at the surface, which can create two situations.
The submerged weirs continue to filter the passing underlying body of water and stop solid matter. Although submerged, the weir acts to filter and pass water to the bottom layer of the body of water.
The overflow dam which is not submerged continuously plays the role of the overflow dam in the low water level of the flood season. The submerged overflow dam is above the water surface, so that the hydraulic conditions are unchanged and the purification effect can be continuously exerted.
The dredging process comprises the following steps:
when the reservoir runs at a low water level or the water level is actively reduced periodically, the water in front of each overflow dam is discharged as much as possible. In the process of draining, manual mechanical devices such as a water pump and the like are not needed actually, and if the infiltration capacity of each overflow dam is good, water in front of the dam can be drained quickly.
And mechanically cleaning the solid impurities intercepted in front of the overflow dam and repairing a biological purification structure. The mechanical cleaning here corresponds to a water flow cleaning, namely: the cleaning is not performed automatically by water flow, but by manpower or engineering machinery, such as a bulldozer, an excavator or sand suction machinery, for example, to clean the pollutants in front of the dam. Because the overflow dam is built by using local materials, the water purification structure is built by using stones and impurities removed from the water bottom to pile up the overflow weir according to the on-site condition in the cleaning process.
Example four:
this embodiment is an improvement of the third embodiment, and is an improvement of the overflow dam of the third embodiment. In the embodiment, the polluted state of the water body is restored by the in-situ water body restoration device in the submerged state or the non-submerged state before each overflow dam.
The in-situ restoration device for the thrown water body can release activated PGPR microorganisms and active enzymes into water. The active enzyme is helpful to activate and promote the activity of the original microorganism with the pollutant degradation function in the water body. With the reproduction of PGPR microorganisms and microorganisms with pollutant degradation functions, the transparency of the water body is improved, sunlight shines into the water, and original spores in the water body establish a plant system under the photosynthesis; the activated microorganisms release oxygen in the metabolism process, the oxygen content in water is increased, the yield of plankton, benthos and fish can be increased by more than 20%, and an aquatic animal system is built accordingly. The PGPR in-situ remediation technology can not only remove suspended solids in water, but also remove anaerobic bacteria envelopes of bottom sediment to expose soil particles of the bottom sediment, thereby being beneficial to the sustainable growth of aquatic plants and providing habitation and spawning places for fishes. The content of organic matters in the bottom mud is sharply reduced, and the workload of mechanical dredging can be further reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that the above only illustrates the technical solutions of the present invention, and not limitations, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the examples described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the methods of practicing the present invention, and it is understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a reservoir pollution control overflow weir of clean and turbid separation which characterized in that includes: the cascade overflow area is formed in an incoming river channel by a plurality of overflow dams arranged at the tail of a reservoir and a water storage area in front of each dam, the tail of the reservoir refers to a hydro-fluctuation zone of the incoming river channel of the reservoir, and the level height of each overflow dam is as follows: the dam crest of the lowest-level overflow dam is above the water level of the reservoir area in the low water level of the flood season, at least one level of overflow dam is submerged in the high water level of the flood season, the upper half part of the overflow dam is gravel filler, and the lower half part of the overflow dam is gravel filler and biological purification structures; and filtering and permeating the water in front of each stage of overflow dam through sand and biological purification structures, and then entering the reservoir area.
2. The weir of claim 1 wherein a body of water in-situ remediation device is positioned in front of each weir.
3. A method of contamination control of a reservoir by separation of turbidity using a weir according to claim 2, the method comprising the steps of:
the method comprises a flood season low water level process, a flood season high water level process and a dredging process;
the low water level process in the flood season:
each stage of overflow dam blocks the upstream high-pollution flood from upstream to downstream in sequence step by step, and accumulates a certain amount of intermittent small-scale incoming water;
filtering and permeating water bodies accumulated in front of the overflow dam at each stage through sand and biological purification structures, and then entering a reservoir area;
along with the continuous water supply at the upstream, the water level of the water body accumulated in the overflow dam is continuously increased, and the water body accumulated on the water surface part in front of the overflow dam overflows the top of the overflow dam and enters the reservoir area;
solid impurities in the flood are blocked in front of the overflow dam;
the high water level process in the non-flood season:
the overflow dam below the reservoir water level is submerged;
the submerged overflow dam continues to filter the passing bottom water body and block solid matters;
the overflow dam which is not submerged continuously plays the role of the overflow dam in the low water level of the flood season;
the dredging process comprises the following steps:
when the reservoir runs at a low water level or the water level is actively reduced periodically, the water in front of each overflow dam is discharged as much as possible;
and mechanically cleaning the solid impurities intercepted in front of the overflow dam and repairing a biological purification structure.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the polluted state of the water body is restored by the in-situ water body restoration device in the submerged state or the non-submerged state of each overflow dam.
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| CN111576330B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-09-03 | 弘地(宁夏)生态建设有限公司 | Sand-adjusting dredging method for river treatment |
| CN111576331B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-08-24 | 郭萌 | River is administered with transferring husky desilting device |
| CN114737528B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-23 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Water-stone separation expansion type debris flow silt stopping field and construction method thereof |
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| CN105297671A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-02-03 | 山东省分析测试中心 | Ecological comprehensive treatment system of northern mountain river channel and construction method thereof |
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