CN109740956A - A kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109740956A CN109740956A CN201910025351.0A CN201910025351A CN109740956A CN 109740956 A CN109740956 A CN 109740956A CN 201910025351 A CN201910025351 A CN 201910025351A CN 109740956 A CN109740956 A CN 109740956A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation methods, include the following steps: step 1, carry out data prediction, wherein the data packet includes Fundamental Geographic Information System element, land ecology investigation element and land ecology assessment element；Step 2 carries out data normalization；Step 3 establishes land ecology assessment indicator system；Step 4 calculates each index weights using step analysis and entropy assessment；Step 5 is assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines；Step 6, according to system evaluation structure grade determination.Land ecology assessment is carried out to region using automation evaluation profile of the invention, overcome regional assessment system or the deficiency only for the one-side evaluation system of land ecology quality, it joined while the space GIS automatically processes function and effectively organized data, opposite reference platform is provided for land ecology evaluation, effectively increases working efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental area, especially a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method.
Background technique
Land ecology quality evaluation refers to the structure to land ecosystem, function, value and its eco-environmental quality institute
The evaluation of progress.Land ecology quality evaluation content includes the evaluation of land ecology structure and value, land ecology basis and life
The evaluation and soil is given birth to that the evaluation of step response, natural ecology quality are combined with human social activity or social economy's process
The degeneration of state environment, the evaluation of extent of the destruction or potential danger.The evaluation system research of the land ecology quality of the prior art is big
It focuses mostly in Land Degradation Evaluation, suitability evaluation, sensitivity assessment, Evaluation of vulnerability, ecological risk assessment and ecology peace
Full evaluation.
Existing land ecology quality evaluation research is in the opinion scale of land ecology quality, evaluation index, evaluation points
And great progress is got the attention and had in terms of evaluation method, opinion scale is also by region to continent, index system
Compare scientific, perfect and system, evaluation method has developed to synthesis from single, and has built relevant evaluation model, research side
In terms of being concentrated mainly on land ecology structure change and land ecology evaluation, it is to carbon storehouse that land use change survey, which is mainly studied all,
Influence, and land ecology quality evaluation be concentrated mainly on three aspect, first is that the extraction of basic data and the structure of index system
It builds and the correlation research of index system and land ecology quality；Second is that the selection of scientific and reasonable integrated evaluating method；Three
It is key effect of the evaluation result in regional ecoplanning, environmentally friendly construction, sustainable development of socio-economy construction.So
And the evaluation study of land ecology quality is mostly the research of regional soil ecological evaluation or only focuses on and some aspects at present
Such as research of suitability, fragility influence has ignored whole sexual factor, and is based on the land valuation of GIS technology all-round construction
Method establish not yet, lack the method suitable for the evaluation of most area land ecology, main cause or data volume ratio
Larger, the support of the evaluation method that does not automate carries out between data the foundation of functional relation and between different land type
The determination of data relationship.
The evaluation of efficient objective science is carried out to land ecology quality, people can preferably solve land ecology and ask
Topic such as adjusts land resource internal structure by changing Land-Use, the protections such as some relevant biophysics is taken to arrange
It applies to prevent land deterioration and environmental pollution.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method be developed, with number
According to finishing analysis, system requirement analysis, land ecology quality evaluation process the center for being established as method, utilize database skill
Art, spatial database engine technology realize the building of data base management system, to realize that the automation of land ecology quality is commented
Valence.
Summary of the invention
The basic step of land ecology evaluation includes the following aspects: the determination of index system, evaluation unit classification,
Evaluation index standardization, the selection of evaluation method, land ecology quality grading.And according to the evaluation feature of land ecology quality,
The corresponding estimation flow of method includes data preparation and pretreatment, the building of index system and the calculating of first index and achievement data
Standardization, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy technique revised law determine weight, the calculating of comprehensive assessment value and obstruction factor diagnosis and assessment
Grade classification.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation methods, include the following steps:
Step 1 carries out data prediction, wherein the data packet includes Fundamental Geographic Information System element, land ecology investigation is wanted
Element and land ecology assess element；
Step 2 carries out data normalization；
Step 3 establishes land ecology assessment indicator system；
Step 4 calculates each index weights using step analysis and entropy assessment；
Step 5 is assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines；
Step 6, according to system evaluation structure grade determination.
Preferably, to the data of the step 1 using layering by the way of and constituent encoder method carry out tissue and
Management, the Fundamental Geographic Information System element directly quotes the extension of " classification of Fundamental Geographic Information System factor data and code ", described
Land ecology investigates element and land ecology assessment element and passes through " classification of Fundamental Geographic Information System factor data and the generation
Code " classification and coding is carried out, major class code+level-one class code+second level class code+three-level class code form is formed, the coding is that only have
One capitalization, the level-one class code and the second level class code are encoded since 1 by a decimal system, the three-level
Class code is encoded since 00 with two ten's digits
Preferably, soil pollution point needs interpolation in the step 1, and land use pattern delta data carries out complicated fortune
Land use pattern delta data required for assessment is calculated after calculation, other data from survey data by directly directly mentioning
Take or simple computation after obtain soil pollution sampled point described in result be in the form of longitude and latitude mark sampling point position, soil
Pollution includes soil organic pollutant and inorganic pollution, including organic carbon Crog and organic matter and cadmium Cd, lead Pb,
The inorganic pollutions such as chromium Cr, copper Cu, zinc Zn, mercury Hg, pH value PH and arsenic As carry out every kind of pollutant in the interpolation calculation
Interpolation calculation one by one, interpolation method include inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Chris's gold interpolation method, spline method, the soil
Use pattern delta data includes: to be overlapped and each soil by two phase land use pattern data of input to data first
The analysis of type change finally obtains the year change of land use pattern as a result, to analyze Land Environment quality.
Preferably, by after pollution point interpolation, each contamination data is added in evaluation unit, is worth according to each contamination data
To contaminated area, and then calculating soil pollution total area ratio and soil comprehensive pollution indexes member exponent data, land pollution are total
The calculation method of area ratio are as follows: soil pollution area/gross area * 100%；Soil comprehensive pollution indexes calculation method are as follows:
{ [(mean individual pollution index) ^2+ (Largest Single Item pollution index) ^2]/2 } ^ (1/2), soil individual event contaminants index
In=soil in measured concentration/soil of the pollutant pollutant evaluation criterion.
Preferably, data normalization uses statistical method in the step 2, and using grid as evaluation unit.
Preferably, the step 3 establish land ecology assessment indicator system include according to one, two, three index because
Index is determined as rule layer, indicator layer and first indicator layer three by element, and wherein first class index corresponds to rule layer index, and second level refers to
Mark corresponds to indicator layer, and three-level index corresponds to first indicator layer, is all between index the superior and the subordinate at different levels and each indicator layer upper and lower level
Subordinate inclusion relation, the land ecology evaluation index finally established
Preferably, the rule layer includes: land ecology situation natural basis index, the structural finger of land ecology situation
Mark, land pollution damage and degraded condition index, ecological construction and protection comprehensive effect index and regional indexes are as base
Plinth index, the structural index of land ecology situation includes landscape diversity, land use and land cover.
Preferably, the indicator layer includes natural basis index, the structural index of land ecology situation, land pollution damage
It ruins and degeneration index, land ecology is built and protection comprehensive effect index and regional indexes.
Preferably, first indicator layer includes weather, edaphic condition, land occupation condition, the soil in natural basis index
Vegetation state, landscape diversity, land use and land cover type, ecological benefits, ecological pressure and ecodevelopment are coordinated, the gas
Time refers to precipitation natural climatic factor, and the edaphic condition then refers to horizontal soil Live carbon storage, the content of organic matter and its soil layer
Thickness, moulded land occupation condition refer to that the gradient and elevation describe the factor of soil topographic features, and the soil vegetation state then refers to life
Object amount and vegetation coverage, the landscape diversity refer to the diversity of land use pattern, land use pattern and plate,
The land use and land cover type refers to arable land, forest land, meadow, the water surface, infrastructure land used and Urban Construction Land_use type；Institute
It states ecological benefits and refers to regional environmental quality and forest stock, ecological pressure refers to population pressure caused by ecology, ecology
Development and Harmony refers to the coordination between population and ecological land and regional GDP and ecological land.
Preferably, each index weights, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are calculated using step analysis and entropy assessment in step 4
Include: Judgement Matricies A first, then solve characteristic root lambda max and characteristic vector W, then carries out consistency inspection
It tests, including calculates coincident indicator CI, CI=(lambda max-n)/n-1, being tabled look-up according to different rank, it is corresponding average to determine
Random index RI calculates consistency ration CR=CI/RI, judges that CR whether less than 0.1, if it is less than 0.1, is then used
Entropy technique corrects weight coefficient, and step analysis terminates, if being unsatisfactory for the condition less than 0.1, return reconfigures judgement square
Battle array.
Preferably, the step 5 is assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines, institute
Stating comprehensive assessment selects the multiple indication informations for describing evaluated soil to be integrated, and makes entirety by a kind of appraisal procedure
Property assessment, globality is further carried out on time or space compares and sorts, and obstruction factor diagnosis refers to index factor
To the influence degree of the ecological quality situation of certain Land in Regional Land ecosystem.
Preferably, the step 6 land ecology quality grading deciding grade and level is the barrier by comprehensive assessment score value and larger impact
Hinder the factor to determine, according to region actual conditions, in conjunction with land ecology quality grade compartmentalization standard, according to comprehensive assessment score value
Just, land ecology quality grade compartmentalization is that quality, quality is good, medium quality, second-rate and of poor quality five grades,
Section partition determined by statistical method, normal distribution or painted screen rate histogram, if it exists the obstacle of larger impact because
Son, in quality of evaluation classification, using the classification of obstruction factor as the grade of assessment unit.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: land ecology assessment is carried out to region using automation evaluation profile, overcomes region
Property evaluation system or the deficiency only for the one-side evaluation system of land ecology quality, joined the space GIS and automatically process
Data have effectively been organized while function, are provided opposite reference platform for land ecology evaluation, are effectively increased working efficiency.
According to the following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will be brighter
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Some specific embodiments of the present invention is described in detail by way of example and not limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter.
Identical appended drawing reference denotes same or similar part or part in attached drawing.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these
What attached drawing was not necessarily drawn to scale.Target and feature of the invention will be apparent from view of following description taken together with the accompanying drawings,
In attached drawing:
Attached drawing 1 is the land ecology quality automatic evaluation method flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 2 is the division conduct for including rule layer according to the land ecology quality evaluation system of the embodiment of the present invention
Level-one land ecology evaluation index structure chart；
Attached drawing 3 is the structure chart according to the land ecology quality index system of the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 4 is the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 5 is to be carried out using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines according to the embodiment of the present invention
Appraisal procedure flow chart；
Attached drawing 6 is the data corresponding relationship according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 7 is the process flow diagram according to the soil pollution point of the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 8 is the land eco-economic system change process flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 9 is the diversity calculation flow chart according to the embodiment of the present invention；
Attached drawing 10 is all types of area accounting process flow diagrams of land use according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation methods, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1 carries out data prediction, wherein the data packet includes Fundamental Geographic Information System element, land ecology investigation is wanted
Element and land ecology assess element, and by the way of layering and the method for constituent encoder carries out the organization and management of the data,
The Fundamental Geographic Information System element directly quote described in " Fundamental Geographic Information System factor data classification and code " extension, the soil
Ground Ecological Investigation element and land ecology assessment element pass through " classification of Fundamental Geographic Information System factor data and the code "
Classification and coding is carried out, forms major class code+level-one class code+second level class code+three-level class code form, the coding is only one
Capitalization, the level-one class code and the second level class code encoded since 1 by a decimal system, the three-level class code
It is encoded since 00 with two ten's digits；
Step 2 carries out data normalization；
Step 3 establishes land ecology assessment indicator system；
Step 4 calculates each index weights using step analysis and entropy assessment；
Step 5 is assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines；
Step 6, according to system evaluation structure grade determination.
Referring to Fig. 6, most of land ecology assessment data can by directly being extracted directly from survey data or
Can be obtained after simple computation as a result, there is a small part such as soil pollution point to need interpolation, land use pattern delta data into
Land use pattern delta data required for assessment can be just calculated after row complex calculation.
Referring to Fig. 7, soil pollution sampled point is that mark sampling point position, soil pollution have including soil in the form of longitude and latitude
Machine pollutant and inorganic pollution, including organic carbon Crog and organic matter and cadmium Cd, lead Pb, chromium Cr, copper Cu, zinc Zn,
The inorganic pollutions such as mercury Hg, pH value PH and arsenic As, cannot be incorporated into evaluation unit and be calculated, and need in interpolation calculation pair
Every kind of pollutant carries out interpolation calculation one by one, and interpolation method includes that inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Chris's gold interpolation method, batten are inserted
Value method.
Referring to Fig. 8, renovation and utilization of the mankind's activity to land resource, the gradual environment for changing surrounding, performance results
It is exactly the variation of land use and windy and sandy soil, first by two phase land use pattern data of input, data is overlapped
With the analysis of each land type transformation, finally obtain the year change of land use pattern as a result, to Land Environment quality
It is analyzed.
The processing of achievement data to evaluation unit is processing of each index to different evaluation unit, different evaluation lists
The calculation method of member, index is not quite similar, and the constant some that processing method has then needs to be further processed, and the present embodiment includes:
(1) data processing of the administrative region to land use pattern figure spot unit
There is earth polygon figure layer in survey data, if evaluation unit is figure spot unit, which is base cell, with this
Base be unit land use/cover, Land destruction, land deterioration and ecological construction can directly be superimposed, and weather, soil and
The data such as vegetation state are overlapped attribute number needed for extracting evaluation after analysis by the methods of the method for average, weighted mean method
According to value, and the socioeconomic datas such as population, GDP usually carry out statistics using administrative region as unit and summarize, the figure spot that be added to list
Area weight method that is first then needing to carry out in the interpolation of face is resolved.
(2) data processing of the administrative region to grid cell
The process for showing as superposition rasterizing, since data are other than contamination data and altitude data are raster data,
Other are vector data, and evaluation unit is grid cell, need to carry out rasterizing to these data, method includes main class
Type method, feature weight method and method of grid center, by ArcGIS software, according to evaluation region range size by survey region by flat
Areal coordinate or geographical graticules divide grid and generate latice, and land use pattern figure spot data pass through shared grid area ratio
Example is directly superimposed assignment, and the statistical data such as population, GDP calculate indirect assignment to grid unit, other planar vectors using field
Data are overlapped using overlay analysis tool prior to grid cell, and each achievement data is then calculated.
(3) land ecology assesses the processing of data to first achievement data
Soil organic matter content, effective soil layer thickness, soil Live carbon storage, the gradient, elevation, biomass are existing by checking
Data obtains, if soil organic matter content and effective soil layer thickness directly quote existing data or sampled data of layouting, drop
Water quotes 3 years meteorological department's data and averagely obtains mean annual precipitation and the distribution of precipitation season, these data directly count
To administrative area unit, statistics assignment is then overlapped according to the evaluation unit of selection.
Referring to Fig. 9, landscape diversity is the data for describing biological and ecological structure, including land use pattern diversity, soil
Ground utilizes pattern diversity and figure spot diversity member achievement data.When evaluation unit is figure spot, land use diversity does not have
Meaning, numerical value are 0.When for other evaluation units, calculation method is as follows.Wherein land use pattern diversity indices calculates
Method:Wherein, H is land use pattern diversity indices, PiFor shared by land use pattern i
Ratio, number of the m for land use pattern, land use pattern's diversity indices:H
It (b) is land use pattern's diversity indices, PEiLand use plot side is accounted for for the boundary cumulative length of land use plot i
The ratio of boundary's total length, m are the number in land use plot.
Referring to Figure 10, Land Use/land cover index and land degradation index are calculated, and pass through land use pattern data
Obtain all types of areas in evaluation unit, then by certain type area divided by the gross area multiplied by absolutely calculating
To all types of ratios.Various regions land use pattern member index, i.e. arable land, forest land, meadow, waters, ecological infrastructure land used, city
Town construction land area ratio calculation method is referring to Figure 10.Land degradation index is changed by obtained land use pattern
Data, are ploughed, the degeneration that forest land, meadow, waters, wetland are all types of reduces area, are calculated each degeneration area and are accounted for the gross area
Percentage obtain all types of degradation ratios, mean degradation rate takes the less rate of first three annual of base period.
Land destruction include destroy, collapse, covering, being destroyed by a calamity naturally, exhaust gas puts wasteland etc., first achievement data is all kinds of damages
The area accounting of type, calculation method are respectively to obtain accounting for evaluation unit area from respective figure spot type divided by evaluation unit face
Product.
After point interpolation being polluted, each contamination data is added in evaluation unit, is polluted according to each contamination data value
Area, and then calculate soil pollution total area ratio and soil comprehensive pollution indexes member exponent data.Land pollution gross area ratio
The calculation method of example are as follows: soil pollution area/gross area * 100%；Soil comprehensive pollution indexes calculation method are as follows: { [(average single
Pollution index) ^2+ (Largest Single Item pollution index) ^2]/2 ^ (1/2), it should in soil individual event contaminants index=soil
The evaluation criterion of the pollutant in measured concentration/soil of pollutant.
The mode of land ecology database carries out hierarchical design to spatial data in a manner of data organization, and wants to each layer
Plain code is named.According to their own needs to index system, evaluation unit is selected user, while by the space of GIS
Processing function is applied to data, and will handle data organization of unity to land ecology database, by establishing the corresponding soil of project
Ecological assessment database in ground provides data processing module and carries out point data interpolation, the overlay analysis and land use pattern of data
Variation, and the land ecology quality evaluation automated is realized by providing evaluation unit and index system as optional interface.
Wherein data normalization uses statistical method in step 2, and different data normalization methods is to evaluation result pair
Evaluation result influence is very big, and the purpose of data normalization is the difference of dimension between elimination evaluation index, belongs to land ecology and comments
Steps necessary under valence dimension different situations.
Before Land Appraisal, needing to select evaluation unit, evaluation unit is the basic unit of land valuation, stroke
Divide the Spatial Difference for objectively responding land quality and ecological functions, the present embodiment does not use the statistical data in administrative area to retouch
Each index is stated, because the difference on each index space can be ignored in this way, using grid as evaluation unit, makes index
With spatiality, land use pattern is evaluated.The division of grid cell size considers the actual conditions and soil in plot
The nature on ground, economy, social factor, the size of grid cell directly affect evaluation result, and grid cell is smaller, evaluation result essence
Degree is higher, but heavy workload, and complex disposal process, grid cell is bigger, and precision is lower, and amount of calculation can also decline.
The land ecology assessment indicator system of establishing of step 3 is attribute more than one, multi-level organization system, includes
The factor is extremely more, evaluates it and chooses several satisfactory factors as evaluation index.
Referring to fig. 2, the land ecology assessment indicator system of establishing of step 3 includes the division of rule layer as level-one soil
Ecological assessment index, rule layer are the content angle evaluated from land ecology, construct land ecology situation natural basis
Index, the structural index of land ecology situation (including landscape diversity, land use and land cover etc.), land pollution damage and degeneration
Status index, ecological construction and protection comprehensive effect index and regional indexes are as basis property index, and wherein regionality refers to
Mark the provincial characteristics for embodying land ecosystem.
Second level land ecology evaluation index is constructed under level-one land ecology evaluation index as indicator layer, second level land ecology
Evaluation index includes natural basis index, the structural index of land ecology situation, land pollution damage and degeneration index, soil
Ecological construction and protection comprehensive effect index and regional indexes.
Natural basis index refers to the natural conditions of land ecology, and in the environment of existence, soil natural conditions include
In addition to the edaphic condition of its own, vegetation state and land occupation condition, there are also the weather conditions influenced on soil reclamation.
Index structural for land ecology situation, since landscape diversity and land use and land cover are all to land ecology
The description of structure, therefore all it is classified as the structural index of land ecology situation.
Land pollution index is primarily referred to as pollution of the human environment to soil reclamation, such as heavy metal pollution and organic agricultural chemicals
Pollution, Land destruction refer to mankind's surface mining, dig land destruction caused by the earth's surfaces such as sand destroy, soil caused by underground mining etc.
Ground collapses, the soil that the wastes such as barren rock, slag cover, mud-rock flow, volcano eruption, and the natural calamities such as earthquake break soil
It is bad, and lower let a piece of farmland go to waste discardedlyly etc..The degeneration in soil refers to the degeneration in forest land, arable land, meadow, wetland and waters.
Land ecology construction with protect comprehensive effect index to refer to exploitation to unused land and improvement, wet land protection, move back
Plough the also ecological constructions such as woods, damage social need-oriented and recovery, afforestation, including ecological construction, ecological benefits, ecological pressure
Coordinate four aspects with ecodevelopment.
Regional indexes are distinguished according to the difference in region.
Further layering obtains the referred to as first indicator layer of three-level index factor, natural basis under second level land ecology evaluation index
Property index mesoclimate refer to the natural climatic factors such as precipitation, edaphic condition then refer to soil Live carbon storage is horizontal, the content of organic matter with
And its soil thickness, land occupation condition refers to the factor of the description soil topographic features such as the gradient and elevation, and soil vegetation state is then
Refer to that biomass and vegetation coverage, landscape diversity refer to the diversity of land use pattern, land use pattern and plate,
Land use and land cover type refers to arable land, forest land, meadow, the water surface, infrastructure land used and Urban Construction Land_use type；Ecological Effect
Benefit refers to regional environmental quality and forest stock, and ecological pressure refers to population pressure caused by ecology, and ecodevelopment is coordinated
Refer to the coordination between population and ecological land and regional GDP and ecological land.
According to one, two, three index factor, index is determined as rule layer, indicator layer and first indicator layer three, wherein level-one
Index corresponds to rule layer index, and two-level index corresponds to indicator layer, and three-level index corresponds to first indicator layer, above and below indexs at different levels
It is all subordinate inclusion relation between grade and each indicator layer upper and lower level, the land ecology evaluation index finally established is as shown in Figure 3.
Each index weights are calculated using step analysis and entropy assessment in step 4, evaluation criterion weight is indicator layer
Relative to a measurement of evaluation goal importance, different weight evaluations is different from prediction result, and the power of tax is metrics evaluation
One important step will affect finally judging as a result, therefore and disobeying to subjective factor existing for the assigned weight of same index
By the practical experience of personnel, but mathematical method is used to carry out weight assignment, the accuracy alkalinity of index weights is examined, is reduced
The error that weight determines.Attached drawing 4 is the flow chart of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), then Judgement Matricies A first solves characteristic root
Then lambda max and characteristic vector W carry out consistency check, including calculate coincident indicator CI, CI=(lambda
Max-n)/n-1 tables look-up according to different rank and determines corresponding Aver-age Random Consistency Index RI, calculates consistency ration CR=
Whether CI/RI judges CR less than 0.1, if it is less than 0.1, then corrects weight coefficient using entropy technique, step analysis terminates, such as
Fruit is unsatisfactory for the condition less than 0.1, then returns and reconfigure judgment matrix.
Referring to Fig. 5, assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines.Comprehensive assessment is selected
It selects the multiple indication informations for describing to be evaluated soil to be integrated, globality assessment is made by a kind of appraisal procedure, further
Globality is carried out on time or space to compare and sort.Land ecology situation obstacle refers to index factor to certain Land in Regional Land
The influence degree of the ecological quality situation of the ecosystem.
The deciding grade and level of step 6 land ecology quality grading is determined by comprehensive assessment score value and the obstruction factor of larger impact
It is fixed, according to region actual conditions, in conjunction with land ecology quality grade compartmentalization standard, according to the height of comprehensive assessment score value, soil
Ecological quality grade classification is quality, quality is good, medium quality, second-rate and of poor quality five grades.Section partition
It can be determined by statistical method, normal distribution or painted screen rate histogram, since appraisal procedure is by comprehensive evaluation method
Determined jointly with obstruction factor diagnosis, the obstruction factor of larger impact if it exists, in quality of evaluation classification, with obstacle because
Grade of the classification of son as assessment unit.
Land ecology assessment is carried out to region using the automation evaluation profile of the present embodiment, overcomes regional assessment system
System or only for the one-side evaluation system of land ecology quality deficiency, joined the space GIS and automatically process the same of function
Shi Youxiao has organized data, provides opposite reference platform for land ecology evaluation, effectively increases working efficiency.
Although the present invention is described by reference to specific illustrative embodiments, these embodiments are not will receive
Restriction and only limited by accessory claim.It should be understood by those skilled in the art that can be without departing from of the invention
Change and modification are able to carry out to the embodiment of the present invention in the case where protection scope and spirit.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, carry out data prediction, wherein the data packet include Fundamental Geographic Information System element, land ecology investigation element and
Land ecology assesses element；
Step 2 carries out data normalization；
Step 3 establishes land ecology assessment indicator system；
Step 4 calculates each index weights using step analysis and entropy assessment；
Step 5 is assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines；
Step 6, according to system evaluation structure grade determination.
2. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: to the step
One data are organized and managed by the way of layering with the method for constituent encoder, the Fundamental Geographic Information System element
The directly extension of reference " classification of Fundamental Geographic Information System factor data and code ", the land ecology investigation element and the soil
Ecological assessment element carries out classification and coding by " classification of Fundamental Geographic Information System factor data and the code ", forms major class code
+ level-one class code+second level class code+three-level class code form, the coding are only one capitalizations, the level-one class code and
The second level class code is encoded since 1 by a decimal system, and the three-level class code is with two ten's digits since 00
Coding.
3. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 1
Middle soil pollution point calculates soil required for assessment after needing interpolation, land use pattern delta data to carry out complex calculation
Use pattern delta data, other data by directly from survey data directly extract or simple computation after obtain as a result,
The soil pollution sampled point be in the form of longitude and latitude mark sampling point position, soil pollution include soil organic pollutant and
Inorganic pollution, including organic carbon Crog and organic matter and cadmium Cd, lead Pb, chromium Cr, copper Cu, zinc Zn, mercury Hg, soda acid
The inorganic pollutions such as PH and arsenic As are spent, interpolation calculation one by one, interpolation method packet are carried out to every kind of pollutant in the interpolation calculation
Inverse distance weighted interpolation method, Chris's gold interpolation method, spline method are included, the land use pattern delta data includes: head
Two phase land use pattern data of input are first passed through, the analysis with the transformation of each land type is overlapped to data, is finally obtained
The year change of land use pattern is as a result, to analyze Land Environment quality.
4. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: insert points of contamination
After value, each contamination data is added in evaluation unit, contaminated area is obtained according to each contamination data value, and then it is dirty to calculate soil
Contaminate total area ratio and soil comprehensive pollution indexes member exponent data, the calculation method of land pollution total area ratio are as follows: soil
Contaminated area/gross area * 100%；Soil comprehensive pollution indexes calculation method are as follows: { [(mean individual pollution index) ^2+ is (maximum
Monomial pollution exponent) ^2]/2 ^ (1/2), the measured concentration of the pollutant in soil individual event contaminants index=soil/
The evaluation criterion of the pollutant in soil.
5. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 2
Middle data normalization uses statistical method, and using grid as evaluation unit.
6. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 3
Land ecology assessment indicator system of establishing include that index is determined as according to one, two, three index factor by rule layer, index
Layer and first indicator layer three, wherein first class index corresponds to rule layer index, and two-level index corresponds to indicator layer, and three-level index is corresponding
It is all subordinate inclusion relation, the soil finally established between first indicator layer, index the superior and the subordinate at different levels and each indicator layer upper and lower level
Ecological evaluation index.
7. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the rule layer
It include: land ecology situation natural basis index, the structural index of land ecology situation, land pollution damage and degraded condition
Index, ecological construction and protection comprehensive effect index and regional indexes are as basis property index, the land ecology situation
Structural index includes landscape diversity, land use and land cover.
8. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the indicator layer
It is built including natural basis index, the structural index of land ecology situation, land pollution damage and degeneration index, land ecology
With protection comprehensive effect index and regional indexes.
9. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the member index
Layer includes weather, edaphic condition, land occupation condition, soil vegetation state, landscape diversity, soil benefit in natural basis index
Coordinated with cover type, ecological benefits, ecological pressure and ecodevelopment, the weather refers to precipitation natural climatic factor, institute
It states edaphic condition and then refers to that horizontal soil Live carbon storage, the content of organic matter and its soil thickness, moulded land occupation condition refer to the gradient
The factor of soil topographic features is described with elevation, the soil vegetation state then refers to biomass and vegetation coverage, the landscape
Diversity refers to that the diversity of land use pattern, land use pattern and plate, the land use and land cover type refer to
Arable land, forest land, meadow, the water surface, infrastructure land used and Urban Construction Land_use type；The ecological benefits refer to regional environment matter
Amount and forest stock, ecological pressure refer to population pressure caused by ecology, and ecodevelopment coordination refers to population and ecological land
And the coordination between regional GDP and ecological land.
10. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 4
Each index weights are calculated using step analysis and entropy assessment, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) includes: Judgement Matricies A first,
Then characteristic root lambda max and characteristic vector W are solved, then carries out consistency check, including calculate coincident indicator CI,
CI=(lambda max-n)/n-1 tables look-up according to different rank and determines corresponding Aver-age Random Consistency Index RI, calculates one
Sex ratio CR=CI/RI is caused, whether CR is judged less than 0.1, if it is less than 0.1, then weight coefficient, level is corrected using entropy technique
Analysis terminates, if being unsatisfactory for the condition less than 0.1, return reconfigures judgment matrix.
11. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Five are assessed using comprehensive evaluation method with the method that obstruction factor diagnosis combines, and the comprehensive assessment selects description to be commented
The multiple indication informations for estimating soil are integrated, and globality assessment are made by a kind of appraisal procedure, further in time or sky
Between the upper globality that carries out compare and sort, the obstruction factor diagnosis refers to life of the index factor to certain Land in Regional Land ecosystem
The influence degree of state quality condition.
12. a kind of land ecology quality automatic evaluation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
The deciding grade and level of six land ecology quality gradings is determined by comprehensive assessment score value and the obstruction factor of larger impact, according to region reality
Border situation, in conjunction with land ecology quality grade compartmentalization standard, according to the height of comprehensive assessment score value, land ecology credit rating is drawn
Be divided into that quality, quality is good, medium quality, second-rate and of poor quality five grades, section partition by statistical method,
Normal distribution or painted screen rate histogram determine, if it exists the obstruction factor of larger impact, in quality of evaluation classification, with barrier
Hinder grade of the classification of the factor as assessment unit.
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