CN109736282A - A kind of inclined ship lifts and ship cross dam method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of inclined ship lifts and ship to cross dam method, it include: the track for crossing dam site connection upstream and downstream shipping water channel, operation has the ship transport vehicle of dynamical system on the track, the ship transport vehicle is equipped with the supporting table that can make ship holding level, the supporting table includes: a plurality of arc-shaped rail for being fixed on intermediate low both ends tilting on ship transport vehicle, the open ship reception chamber in front and back end is run on the arc-shaped rail, the ship reception chamber is equipped with multiple runners contacted with arc-shaped rail.The present invention is mainly stringer segmentation relaxation connection, and ratcheting using the rack gear on motor, gear and sole-plate, can be smoothly through top arcuate track；It followed by uses both ends and tilts intermediate low-lying circular arc rail, move back and forth ship reception chamber on arc-shaped rail, offset the inclination generated due to crossing dam, fully automated balance, overall structure very simple can effectively improve ability of the ship by dam.

Description

A kind of inclined ship lifts and ship cross dam method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of inclined ship lifts and ship to cross dam method, is a kind of transporting equipment and transportation resources, is one Kind device and method of the transport ship by dam.

Background technique

Traditional ship by way of dam there are two types of, one is ship lock, another kind is ship lift.Traditional ship lift Similar to elevator, vertical or inclined lift is transported ship and is walked between upstream and downstream.Often set up ship simultaneously on some water channels Lock and ship lift, even in this way, in some very busy water channels, ship lock and ship lift are not met by the requirement of shipping. It builds ship lock and needs to excavate the transport water channel between upstream and downstream, there is provision of multiple gates certainly, however dam is often arranged in Between hills and mountains, very difficult, the same reason of water channel is excavated, elevator is built and is also limited by dam landform, be difficult to be arranged More ship lock and ship lift.One solution is to build harbour and land pass-way in big above and below the dam two sides, is come " bypassing the dam site " Transshipment cargo.This mode then the postponement logistics time and can greatly increase transportation cost, and to excavate large area soil and build It harbour and crosses over mountain after mountain and builds highway or railway, construction investment is very big.In this case, more ship transports how to be designed Facility is a problem to be solved directly by the conveying of more ships by dam.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of inclined ship lifts.The inclined ship lifts are adopted Ship is moved between upstream and downstream, is solved by the way that the transport vehicle of ship holding level can be made with the mode of rail transport Ship crosses dam problem.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of inclined ship lifts, comprising: one is crossed dam site connection upstream and downstream boat The track of water channel is transported, operation has the ship transport vehicle of dynamical system on the track, and the ship transport vehicle is equipped with can Make the supporting table of ship holding level, the supporting table includes: low both ends tilting among a plurality of be fixed on ship transport vehicle Arc-shaped rail, the open ship reception chamber in front and back end is run on the arc-shaped rail, the ship reception chamber bottom plate is equipped with more A runner contacted with arc-shaped rail.

Further, the ship reception chamber two sides are equipped with side board, and the side board is equipped with cable loop, the ship reception chamber Bottom plate is equipped with rubber pad.

Further, the both ends of the arc-shaped rail are equipped with stopper.

Further, the ship transport vehicle includes: multiple wheel groups along the operation of each track, the wheel group It is connected in series to form stringer by hinge, Elastic Steel lath is set on the stringer, steel plate strip is fixedly connected with upper beam, The steel plate strip is equipped with pin hole, is equipped with bolt in the pin hole, the bolt is connect with crossbeam, described in more Crossbeam is connect with sub-truss, the arc-shaped rail connection on the truss and top.

Further, the dynamical system includes: multiple motors being fixed on ship transport vehicle, the motor according to Secondary transmission speed variator and gear, the gear are engaged with the rack gear for being fixed on track two sides.

Further, the track both ends are deep into respectively in the forebay excavated in upper pond and downstream river course, institute The forebay stated is connect with navigation channel.

A kind of ship using above-mentioned inclined ship lifts crosses dam method, the method are as follows:

It runs the ship reception chamber for carrying dam ship on the arc-shaped rail that both ends tilt, centre is low-lying, utilizes arc-shaped steel Rail high-low-high shape crossed the low-high-low movement on hillside when offsetting dam, form the balance in compartment of going by ship, guarantee that ship crosses dam When be in horizontality, with the safety of sharp ship's staff and cargo.

The beneficial effect comprise that: the present invention be mainly stringer segmentation relaxation connection, and using motor, gear with Rack gear on sole-plate is ratcheting, can be smoothly through top of the slope portion arched track；It is intermediate low-lying followed by use both ends tilting Circular arc rail, move back and forth ship reception chamber on arc-shaped rail, offset the inclination that generates due to crossing dam, completely from Dynamic balancing, overall structure very simple can effectively improve ability of the ship by dam.

Detailed description of the invention

Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the inclined ship lifts of the embodiment of the present invention one, two, three；

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention three, four inclined ship lifts, is the enlarged drawing of A point in Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention four, five inclined ship lifts, is B-B sectional view in Fig. 2；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of forebay described in the embodiment of the present invention six.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment one:

The present embodiment is a kind of inclined ship lifts, as shown in Figure 1.The present embodiment includes: one and crosses the connection of dam site side hillside The track 1 of upstream and downstream shipping water channel, operation has the ship transport vehicle 2 of dynamical system, the ship transport on the track Vehicle is equipped with the supporting table 3 that can make ship holding level；The supporting table includes: among a plurality of be fixed on ship transport vehicle The arc-shaped rail 301 that low both ends tilt runs the open ship reception chamber 302 in front and back end on the arc-shaped rail, described Ship reception chamber bottom plate is equipped with multiple runners 303 contacted with arc-shaped rail.

Inclined ship lifts described in the present embodiment are made of three two parts: top is ship reception chamber, and middle part is arc-shaped steel Rail, sub-truss crossbeam and be capable of the supporting table that the steel plate strip of flexible deformation is constituted, lower part be stringer assemble many motors and The ship transport vehicle that wheel is constituted, transport vehicle are run on the track for cross dam.

Track is arranged on the hillside between dam upstream and downstream, connects the navigation channel of upstream and downstream.Track can use heavy-duty steel Rail, for the weight for undertaking thousands of tons of, a plurality of rail is can be used in track, such as uses three or four.The number of arc-shaped rail It can be consistent with the number of stringer and the number of rails, it can also be inconsistent.Track both ends will be deep into water, So that ship transport vehicle can be run in water, carrying vessel or releasing ship.Track is except there are large radius in top of the slope portion Outside arch form track, it is not allow for plane transverse direction bend, enables the hillside between upstream and downstream of ship transport vehicle safety and steady Upper operation.

The cross sectional shape of ship reception chamber can be designed as concave shape, i.e., side board is arranged in two sides, and front and back is open-minded, so as to ship into Out.The facility pricked and cleated, such as cable loop can be set in the two sides side board of ship reception chamber.After ship enters ship reception chamber, stand Hawser is fastened in cable loop.Water level is gradually reduced in ship transport vehicle climbing process, ship reception chamber, and ship drops to automatically On the bottom plate of ship compartment, since rubber pad or other flexible materials can be laid on bottom plate, damage ship bottom is prevented.

Arc-shaped rail is crescent, and the arrangement of the runner under ship reception chamber will be adapted with the radius of curvature of circular arc rail, As shown in Figure 1, the runner support among ship reception chamber is longer, the runner support on both sides is successively shortened.The number root of ship reception chamber runner It is determined according to the ships tonnage of carrying.The setting for stopping ship reception chamber to slip arc-shaped rail should be arranged in the both ends of arc-shaped rail, Such as block.Arc-shaped rail can also be arranged two or more similar to track like that, so as to carry bigger load.

Crossbeam can be formed using the steel plate wlding of 3-4cm thickness, and crossbeam is connect by bolt with stringer.It is connected using bolt The purpose of crossbeam and stringer is the freedom degree for enabling crossbeam to have vertical direction, can upper and lower displacement, in favor of by top of the slope Arched track.Stringer can be hinged multiple wheel groups and constitute, and strip spring steel plate is covered above stringer, be formed whole It is capable of the flexible stringer of flexible deformation, Elastic Steel lath and crossbeam consolidate.

The power of ship transport vehicle can be cooperated using winch and hawser, and the mode of pulling can also use motor band The method that moving gear is engaged with ground rack, it may be assumed that motor-driven gear, and gear and fix on the ground or the rail two of track The rack gear of side engages, and ship transport vehicle is driven to walk.For the ease of passing through longitudinal bend on slope top, stringer takes segmentation Relaxation connection.Motor can be fitted in the wheel group of each big section of stringer.Motor can be fixed on stringer with horizontal symmetrical Two sidewalls on, motor by retarder band moving gear, engage with the longitudinal rack on ground rail bottom plate, driving ship transport Vehicle rolls advance in orbit.

Ship transport vehicle is in climbing process, and when being moved to top of the slope arched track, using arc-shaped rail, makes ship reception chamber Automatically keep horizontality.When ship transport vehicle is climbed to top corner, since the carrier under stringer and its is very heavy, therefore institute Some wheels are all without departing from track, and also without being detached from tooth band, upper lower tooth is mutually twisted electric gear.It is gone in ship transport vehicle When 2/5 bend distance, the stringer top plate of front end has separated several centimetres with the elastic stainless steel lath above it, while and vertical The bolt of beam connection also moves up a little.After bend, under the elastic force effect of stainless steel lath, crossbeam can answer automatically Original, whole ship transport bassinet structure is stable.

Practical citing:

(1) load-carrying 3000t, ship reception chamber size: length is respectively 132m, 23.4m, 10m.

(2) it in longitudinally mounted 9 runners of ship reception chamber bottom, rolls on the arc-shaped rail that radius is 1000m, sets altogether The arc-shaped rail of three rows, when inclined ship lifts climbing, under the effect of gravity, autobalance is may be implemented in ship reception chamber.

(3) three tracks are used, stringer and arc-shaped rail similarly use three.

(4) since slope track is too long, ship transport vehicle is pulled without hoist engine, but uses electric gear with rail bottom The longitudinal rack of seat both sides welding is engaged rotation, and wheel on rail is driven to advance.

(5) ship transport vehicle can be by the arched track (500 meters of radius) of top of the slope, this is because the gradient of ramp takes The arch bend of 1:20, top of the slope are larger compared with radius that is slow and arching upward, add the wheel-mounted stringer in ship transport vehicle lower part, point The flexible connection of section hinge, is fully able to the arched track by top of the slope.

(6) when ship reception chamber enters upper pond, reservoir area lowest navigable stage is provided in 145m elevation, the ship reception chamber depth of water about 5- 6m, accordingly the track lowest elevation about 128m of inclined ship lifts, upstream ramp road overall length 945m.

, it is specified that lowest navigable stage is 62m when ship reception chamber enters downstream river course, the at this moment minimum depth of water 4.5m of ship reception chamber, by This determines inclined ship lifts track lowest elevation about 46m, downstream ramp road overall length 2590m.Due to the drinking water of 3000 tonnes of ships Depth is about 4-5.5m, and downstream river course will excavate forebay and build deep water approach channel engineering.

The control of the ship lift speed of travel is 8 ~ 10 km/h, and the dam Guo Yici needs 30 ~ 40 minutes.

Embodiment two:

The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is refinement of the embodiment one about ship reception chamber.Ship is held described in the present embodiment Compartment two sides are equipped with side board, and the side board is equipped with cable loop 304, as shown in Figure 1, the ship reception chamber bottom plate is equipped with rubber Pad.

Cable loop is arranged in the side board of ship reception chamber, and when ship reception chamber enters in water, cable loop can be exposed to water On face, to cleat, ship is tied up in ship reception chamber.

Riverboat is mostly flatboat, and rubber pad is arranged in the bottom of ship reception chamber, can be to avoid the flat and ship reception chamber ground of ship Friction, injured vessel bottom.The material that old tire etc. has favorable elasticity deformation can be used in rubber pad.

Embodiment three:

The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about arc-shaped rail.Described in the present embodiment Arc-shaped rail both ends be equipped with stopper 305, as shown in Figure 1, 2.

The height of stopper should be greater than the one third of ship reception chamber wheel, effectively to stop ship reception chamber slip circle shape Rail.

Example IV:

The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about ship transport vehicle.Described in the present embodiment Ship transport vehicle include: along each track operation multiple wheel groups 201, the wheel group by hinge 202 series connection connect It connects to form stringer, Elastic Steel lath 203 is set on the stringer, and steel plate strip is fixedly connected with upper beam, the steel plate Item is equipped with pin hole, is equipped with bolt 204 in the pin hole, the bolt is connect with crossbeam 205, crossbeam described in more It is connect with sub-truss 206, the arc-shaped rail connection on the truss and top, as shown in Figure 2,3.

It can be connected using fixed to make ship transport vehicle smoothly by the arched track of top of the slope, supporting table and crossbeam It connects, but crossbeam and stringer use connected structure, forms relaxation connection, i.e., will be fixed on the Elastic Steel lath of crossbeam bottom plate with its bottom The stringer cover board in portion punches, and is connected to, is fixedly arranged on crossbeam bottom plate at the top of bolt with bolt.When inclined ship lifts pass through arch rail When road, substructure has a little separation thereon for permission, misplaces to avoid the driving wheel and rack of inclined ship lifts lower part, simultaneously Also it avoids local stress from increasing, damages the structure of sub-truss.

Embodiment five:

The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about dynamical system.Described in the present embodiment Dynamical system includes: multiple motors 207 being fixed on ship transport vehicle, the motor successively transmission speed variator and gear 208, the gear is engaged with the rack gear 209 for being fixed on track two sides, as shown in Figure 2,3.Ship lift travel speed is controlled 8 ~ 10 km/h, Guo Yici the dam time are 30 ~ 40 minutes.

Motor is horizontally fixed on stringer two sidewalls in the present embodiment, and the gear of motor drive is the same as ground rail two sides bottom Rack gear on plate is engaged rotation, pushes the wheel rolling on track.Rack gear is fixed on the benefit on sole-plate, when ship is transported When defeated vehicle passes through the arched track of top of the slope, gear is easily interlocked with tooth band, will not misplace.But when level fixation motor, It is required that electronic size cannot be too big, could consolidate.The small power that can reduce motor of motor size, if power can also not enough incite somebody to action Motor is arranged vertically, but at this moment needs to increase on motor and gear shaft the bevel gear of deflecting, and gear can be made with track bottom Tooth band occlusion on plate.

Embodiment six:

The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about track.Track described in the present embodiment Both ends are deep into respectively in the forebay excavated in upper pond and downstream river course, and the forebay is connect with navigation channel 6, such as Fig. 4 institute Show.

To smoothly enter ship 4 in ship transport vehicle, ship transport vehicle is had to enter into water, can allow ship It drives into.But in most cases, riverbank is that inclination slowly extends in water, for this reason, it may be necessary to go deep into the position in water in track It sets and excavates forebay 5, ship is enable to smoothly enter in ship transport vehicle.

Fig. 4 shows that ship is being state into ship transport vehicle, and at this moment ship transport vehicle has had arrived at track one end The end, under the action of arc-shaped rail, ship reception chamber is able to maintain level, and can make the fore or stern pair of ship to be transported One end of quasi- ship reception chamber.Its cross sectional shape of the forebay is V-shaped, and the depth that track enters forebay is enough to allow the bottom of ship reception chamber Face is lower than the hull bottom of ship to be transported, and ship is enable to smoothly enter in ship reception chamber.

In most cases, forebay will also connect the navigation channel specially excavated, so that ship enters forebay from main channel.

Embodiment seven:

The present embodiment is that a kind of ship using inclined ship lifts described in above-described embodiment crosses dam method, the method are as follows:

It runs the ship reception chamber for carrying dam ship on the arc-shaped rail that both ends tilt, centre is low-lying, utilizes arc-shaped steel Rail high-low-high shape crossed the low-high-low movement on hillside, forms the balance of ship reception chamber, guarantees that ship crosses dam when offsetting dam When be in horizontality, the safety of personnel and cargo is put on benefit.

The present embodiment is briefly exactly by ship in personnel and cargo and in the case where without departing from ship, uses vehicle will Ship integrally passes through the navigation channel between upstream and downstream, crosses dam.

The key for making ship cross dam is to keep ship holding during crossing horizontal.Since ship has been in water It is complete horizontal, so all facilities and cargo on ship are arranged according to level requirement, especially transported on inland river Capable ship, since stormy waves is smaller, ship does not consider generally to tilt larger situation, so, so that ship is crossed the emphasis of dam It is to keep the level of ship during crossing, reduces the tilting or excessive sinking of fore or stern, cause deck front and back Inclination, makes Cargo On Deck and the improper movement of article peculiar to vessel.

During ship crosses dam, mainly with slope change, it may occur however that the inclination of front and back, and tilting can be with It ignores.It avoids tilting forward and back, alloing ship holding level, there are many schemes.

The equal track of the ascents and descents gradient is such as built, holds ship with gradient equal with the gradient using one The ship transport vehicle in compartment, is arranged a big disk whirler in top of the slope, adjusts inclined ship transport vehicle using disk rotary favourable turn Inclined direction, to adapt to the inclined gradient in both sides.Since river vessel is generally all in thousands of tons of (although the ship of thousands of tons of is only Medium-sized/small-sized vessel can be calculated, but very huge for overland transport vehicle), it is huge except to build to realize this scheme Outside big ship transport vehicle, huge disk rotary favourable turn is also built.The cost of disk rotary favourable turn is very huge, therefore, this Scheme is undesirable in terms made from operation cost.

The present embodiment takes the level that a foolproof mode keeps ship reception chamber: being tilted using a both ends intermediate Low-lying circular arc rail, moves back and forth ship reception chamber on arc-shaped rail, offsets the inclination generated due to crossing dam.It holds Movement of the ship compartment on arc-shaped rail is similar to seesaw, and fully automated balance, without manually adjusting, overall structure is very simple It is single, a large amount of electronic control unit is not needed, operation cost substantially reduces.Due to simplifying disk rotary favourable turn, make expenditure of construction It substantially reduces.Due to there is no disk rotary favourable turn limitation, it might even be possible to consider to use double track, two-way operation, improve passing through for ship Ability.

Finally it should be noted that being only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it above, although referring to preferable cloth The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technology of the invention Scheme (such as balance mode of the form of ship transport vehicle, the driving method of ship transport vehicle, ship reception chamber etc.) modify or Person's equivalent replacement, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of inclined ship lifts characterized by comprising one is crossed the track of dam site connection upstream and downstream shipping water channel, institute The ship transport vehicle that operation on track has dynamical system is stated, the ship transport vehicle, which is equipped with, can make ship holding level Supporting table, the supporting table includes: a plurality of arc-shaped rail for being fixed on intermediate low both ends tilting on ship transport vehicle, described Arc-shaped rail on run the open ship reception chamber in front and back end, the ship reception chamber bottom plate is equipped with and multiple contacts with arc-shaped rail Runner.

2. inclined ship lifts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ship reception chamber two sides are equipped with side board, described Side board be equipped with cable loop, the ship reception chamber bottom plate be equipped with rubber pad.

3. inclined ship lifts according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the both ends of the arc-shaped rail, which are equipped with, to stop Block.

4. inclined ship lifts according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the ship transport vehicle includes: along each rail Multiple wheel groups of road operation, the wheel group are connected in series to form stringer by hinge, elasticity are arranged on the stringer Steel plate strip, steel plate strip is fixedly connected with upper beam, and the steel plate strip is equipped with pin hole, is equipped with and inserts in the pin hole Pin, the bolt connect with crossbeam, and crossbeam described in more is connect with sub-truss, the truss and top it is arc-shaped Rail connection.

5. inclined ship lifts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the dynamical system includes: multiple is fixed on Motor on ship transport vehicle, the motor successively transmission speed variator and gear and are fixed on track two sides at the gear Rack gear engagement.

6. inclined ship lifts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the track both ends are deep into upper water respectively In the forebay excavated in library and downstream river course, the forebay is connect with navigation channel.

7. a kind of ship using inclined ship lifts described in claim 2 crosses dam method, which is characterized in that the method are as follows:

It runs the ship reception chamber for carrying dam ship on the arc-shaped rail that both ends tilt, centre is low-lying, utilizes arc-shaped steel Rail high-low-high shape crossed the low-high-low movement on hillside, forms the balance of ship reception chamber, guarantees that ship crosses dam when offsetting dam When be in horizontality, with the safety of sharp ship's staff and cargo.