CN109735696A - A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement - Google Patents
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps: S1, forging: forging stainless steel ingot, and the beginning forging temperature of forging is 1000-1200 DEG C, and whole forging temperature is 720-850 DEG C；Rate of deformation is 0.01-0.45S‑1, for total forging ratio not less than 3, the last one fire time forging ratio is not less than 20% of total forging ratio；S2, heat treatment: the forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1000-1200 DEG C, and soaking time is 1.0-2.0min/mm to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.Compared with prior art, the crystal grain of Austenitic stainless steel forging of the invention is more evenly, more tiny, has good anti intercrystalline corrosion performance, the tensile strength, yield strength and ballistic work for increasing austenitic stainless steel forge piece simultaneously, improve the comprehensive performance of austenitic stainless steel forge piece.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forge and technical field of heat treatment, and in particular to a kind of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement
Method.
Background technique
Austenitic stainless steel is solid solution of the carbon in γ-Fe, nonmagnetic, has very high toughness and plasticity, corrosion resistant
Corrosion can be very good.Due to unique corrosion resistance and workability, austenitic stainless steel is in petroleum, chemical industry, medical treatment, environmental protection, food
The industries such as product are widely applied.
Austenitic stainless cast steel part will appear shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, segregation, stomata, micro-crack, nonmetallic folder in forming process
The problems such as miscellaneous, seriously reduces the performance of casting, and great harm is brought in daily production.Even across full annealing etc.
Post isothermal treatment mode, these defects will not be eliminated completely.
The micronization processes of crystal grain are to improve a kind of effective means of stainless steel material performance.Refinement crystal grain can effectively disappear
Except the shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity of material, non-metallic inclusion, the extension of crackle can be also prevented, improves the intensity and plasticity of stainless steel, and
Improve its corrosion resistance.
The thinning method of currently used alloy grain is mostly heating and method for quick cooling, as carbon steel and steel alloy can be with
By heat treatment, reaustenitizing forms new austenite grain, refines crystal grain.But austenitic stainless steel is single-phase Ovshinsky
Body tissue, during heat treatment without tissue inter-variable, it is thus impossible to change tissue and refinement austenite crystal by heat treatment
Grain.
CN107604140A discloses a kind of manufacturing process of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, including following step
Rapid: step 1: being prepared processing to Austenitic stainless steel forging before forging, and the Austenitic stainless steel forging forged will be needed to clean
After be placed in forge, the temperature of the forge is controlled at 600~650 DEG C, and the Austenitic stainless steel forging is protected in forge
Temperature 2~4 minutes；Step 2: forging in the forging range of setting, and the lower limit of the forging temperature is 1000~850
DEG C, the forged deformation of Austenitic stainless steel forging, the deflection of the forging is >=10%；Step 3: to forging molding
Austenitic stainless steel forging afterwards carries out cooling by water, declines Austenitic stainless steel forging surface temperature rapidly；Step 4: forging
After sort out, the Austenitic stainless steel forging after water-cooled cooling is labelled, then sort out storage, which passes through more fire time forgings
It makes, it is therefore prevented that the generation of Austenitic stainless steel forging crackle.
CN104651589A discloses a kind of thermal deformation technique for refining 316LN austenite stainless crystalline grain of steel, at solid solution
316LN austenitic stainless steel after reason is heated to 1200 DEG C with the rate of 10 DEG C/s, keeps the temperature 90 seconds；After material internal and external temperature is uniform
1080 DEG C are cooled to the rate of 5 DEG C/s, are kept the temperature after 7min with 0.03s-1Strain rate carry out this process of hot compression temperature
It spends and remains constant, dependent variable takes out material water quenching when reaching 0.8, obtains and recrystallizes abundant, fine uniform austenite structure, brilliant
Granularity >=9.5 grade, the invention pass through the heating and cooling treatment after solution treatment, have refined crystal grain, avoided the cracking of material.
Up to the present, the research of crystal grain refinement has achieved develops on a large scale very much, but mostly based on method for quick cooling, but fast
Fast cooling method is poor to the controlling of grain size, causes grain size uneven, while to the intensity, plasticity and corrosion resistant of stainless steel
Corrosion can improvement effect it is simultaneously bad, be unable to satisfy the demand in market, therefore, need to develop a kind of austenite that controllability is good not
The method for steel forgings crystal grain refinement of becoming rusty.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of methods of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, by adjusting what is forged and be heat-treated
Parameter is combined using dynamic recrystallization and Static Recrystallization and has refined crystal grain, solves the crystalline substance that traditional method for quick cooling generates
The grain non-uniform problem of size, while effectively improving austenitic stainless steel quality.
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps:
S1, forging:
Stainless steel ingot is forged, the beginning forging temperature of forging is 1000-1200 DEG C, and whole forging temperature is 720-
850℃；Rate of deformation is 0.01-0.45S-1, total forging is not less than 3, the last one fire time forging ratio is not less than total forging ratio
20%；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1000-1200 DEG C, soaking time 1.0-2.0min/
Mm is to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.
Preferably, in step S1, the beginning forging temperature of the forging is 1050-1200 DEG C.
Preferably, in step S1, the end forging temperature is 760-800 DEG C.
Preferably, in step S1, the stainless steel is F304L stainless steel.
Preferably, in step S1, the rate of deformation of the forging is 0.01-0.44S-1。
Preferably, in step S1, total forging ratio of the forging is 3-8, further preferably 4-6.
Preferably, in step S1, the last one described fire time forging ratio is the 20-50% of total forging ratio, further preferably
For 20-25%.
Preferably, in step S2, the temperature of the heat treatment is 1080-1150 DEG C.
Preferably, in step S2, the soaking time of the heat treatment is 1.0-1.9min/mm；Further preferably 1.2-
1.8min/mm。
The present invention also provides a kind of Austenitic stainless steel forgings manufactured according to the above method.
Preferably, the average crystal grain diameter of the Austenitic stainless steel forging is 53.4-26.8 μm, grain size number number
For 5.5-7.5.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
The present invention using thermal deformation process, makes material that dynamic recrystallization phenomenon occur, refines crystal grain in forging process；
Again by reducing whole forging temperature to 720-850 DEG C, so that forged material is generated cold deformation, inside is caused to generate a large amount of dislocations and sky
Position forms lattice distortion, then in conjunction with heat treatment, generates Static Recrystallization, to further refine crystal grain, it is thinner to obtain crystal grain
Small, the austenite structure of crystal grain more evenly increases the tensile strength, yield strength and impact of austenitic stainless steel forge piece
Function, to improve the comprehensive performance of austenitic stainless steel forge piece.
(2) method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement of the invention by forging technology, reduces whole forging temperature
The further refinement of crystal grain is realized with heat treatment, product is not easy to crack, and product rejection rate is low, while reducing secondary
The process flows such as heating, shorten process, reduce production cost, improve production efficiency.
Specific embodiment
To make the more clear and clear technical solution of the present invention of those skilled in the art, below with reference to embodiment to this hair
Bright to be described in further detail, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Before further describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be appreciated that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to down
State specific specific embodiment；It is also understood that term used in the embodiment of the present invention is specific specific in order to describe
Embodiment, rather than limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
When embodiment provides numberical range, it should be appreciated that except non-present invention is otherwise noted, two ends of each numberical range
Any one numerical value can be selected between point and two endpoints.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have and the technical field of the invention
The normally understood identical meaning of those of ordinary skill.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps:
S1, forging:
3 tons of F304L stainless steel ingots are forged and pressed using 3000 t hydraulic press, beginning forging temperature is 1000 DEG C, whole forging temperature
It is 720 DEG C；Rate of deformation is 0.01S-1, total forging ratio is 3.1, the last one fire time forging ratio is the 50% of total forging ratio；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1000 DEG C, soaking time 1.0min/mm, heat preservation terminates
Water cooling is afterwards to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to C method in GB/T4334 standard
It tests, Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is qualified.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps:
S1, forging:
1 ton of F304L stainless steel ingot is forged and pressed using 3000 t hydraulic press, beginning forging temperature is 1200 DEG C, whole forging temperature
It is 850 DEG C；Rate of deformation is 0.045S-1, total forging ratio is 8, the last one fire time forging ratio is the 35% of total forging ratio；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1200 DEG C, soaking time 2.0min/mm, heat preservation terminates
Water cooling is afterwards to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to C method in GB/T4334 standard
It tests, Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is qualified.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps:
S1, forging:
2 tons of F304L stainless steel ingots are forged and pressed using 3000 t hydraulic press, beginning forging temperature is 1050 DEG C, whole forging temperature
It is 760 DEG C；Rate of deformation is 0.044S-1, total forging ratio is 4, the last one fire time forging ratio is the 20% of total forging ratio；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1150 DEG C, soaking time 1.2min/mm, heat preservation terminates
Water cooling is afterwards to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to C method in GB/T4334 standard
It tests, Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is qualified.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps:
S1, forging:
1.5 tons of F304L stainless steel ingots are forged and pressed using 3000 t hydraulic press, beginning forging temperature is 1150 DEG C, and finish-forging makes temperature
Degree is 800 DEG C；Rate of deformation is 0.02S-1, total forging ratio is 6, the last one fire time forging ratio is the 25% of total forging ratio；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1135 DEG C, soaking time 1.8min/mm, heat preservation terminates
Water cooling is afterwards to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to C method in GB/T4334 standard
It tests, Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is qualified.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, comprising the following steps:
S1, forging:
2.5 tons of F304L stainless steel ingots are forged and pressed using 3000 t hydraulic press, beginning forging temperature is 1120 DEG C, and finish-forging makes temperature
Degree is 780 DEG C；Rate of deformation is 0.03S-1, total forging ratio is 5, the last one fire time forging ratio is the 28% of total forging ratio；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1080 DEG C, soaking time 1.6min/mm, heat preservation terminates
Water cooling is afterwards to get Austenitic stainless steel forging.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to C method in GB/T4334 standard
It tests, Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is qualified.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example and embodiment 5 the difference is that: whole forging temperature is 700 DEG C, the last one fire time forging ratio
It is the 15% of total forging ratio, total forging ratio is 3.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to C in GB/T4334 standard
Method is tested, and Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is unqualified.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example and embodiment 5 the difference is that: whole forging temperature is 860 DEG C, the last one fire time forging ratio
It is the 14% of total forging ratio；Heat treatment soaking time is 2.5min/mm.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to
C method is tested in GB/T4334 standard, and Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is unqualified.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example and embodiment 5 the difference is that: beginning forging temperature is 1220 DEG C, the last one fire time forging ratio
It is the 15% of total forging ratio, heat treatment soaking time is 0.9min/mm.By the Austenitic stainless steel forging of preparation according to according to
C method is tested in GB/T4334 standard, and Austenitic stainless steel forging intercrystalline corrosion is unqualified.
The measurement of 1 crystal grain of experimental example
According to the comparison diagram method in GB/T6394-2002 to the Ovshinsky after the present embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-3 crystal grain refinement
The average crystal grain diameter and grain size number number of body stainless steel forgings are tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
1 Austenitic stainless steel forging average crystal grain diameter of table
As shown in Table 1, compared with comparing 1-3, the Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain of the present embodiment 1-5 is uniform, and surface does not have
There is coarse grain, while average crystal grain diameter, between 53.4-26.8, grain size number number shows this hair between 5.5-7.5
The crystal grain of bright Austenitic stainless steel forging is uniform, good in refining effect.
2 mechanics properties testing of experimental example
Mechanical property is carried out to the Austenitic stainless steel forging after the present embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-3 crystal grain refinement
Test, the results are shown in Table 2.
The test of 2 Austenitic stainless steel forging room-temperature mechanical property of table
As shown in Table 2, the present invention uses method of the Austenitic stainless steel forging through crystal grain refinement, not only increases large size not
The tensile strength and yield strength of rust steel forgings, while the impact flexibility of forging is also added, therefore, austenite of the invention is not
The steel forgings that become rusty have good mechanical property, and wherein the mechanical property of the Austenitic stainless steel forging of embodiment 5 is best.
The method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement of the invention, by forging technology, reduce whole forging temperature and
Heat treatment realizes the further refinement of crystal grain, product is not easy to crack, and product rejection rate low 38% reduces simultaneously
The process flows such as reheating, shorten process, reduce production cost, improve production efficiency.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of Austenitic stainless steel forging crystal grain refinement, which comprises the following steps:
S1, forging:
Stainless steel ingot is forged, the beginning forging temperature of forging is 1000-1200 DEG C, and whole forging temperature is 720-850 DEG C；
Rate of deformation is 0.01-0.45S-1, not less than 3, the last one fire time forging ratio is not less than the 20% of total forging ratio for total forging；
S2, heat treatment
The forge piece that step S1 is obtained is heat-treated at 1000-1200 DEG C, soaking time 1.0-2.0min/mm, i.e.,
Obtain Austenitic stainless steel forging.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein stainless steel described in step S1 is F304L stainless steel.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the beginning forging temperature of the forging is 1050- in step S1
1200℃。
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein end forging temperature described in step S1 is 760-800 DEG C.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the rate of deformation of the forging is 0.01- in step S1
0.44S-1。
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein total forging ratio of the forging is 3-8 in step S1.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the last one described fire time forging ratio is total in step S1
The 20-50% of forging ratio.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 1080-1150 in step S2
℃。
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the soaking time of the heat treatment is 1.0- in step S2
1.9min/mm。
10. a kind of Austenitic stainless steel forging of -9 described in any item method manufactures according to claim 1.
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Cited By (2)
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| WO2021000768A1 (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | 珠海国合融创科技有限公司 | Austenitic stainless steel and preparation method therefor |
| CN118109742A (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-05-31 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Method for producing austenitic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel |
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| WO2021000768A1 (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | 珠海国合融创科技有限公司 | Austenitic stainless steel and preparation method therefor |
| CN118109742A (en) * | 2024-04-19 | 2024-05-31 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Method for producing austenitic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel |
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