CN109720799A - 运输容器 - Google Patents

运输容器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109720799A
CN109720799A CN201810234433.1A CN201810234433A CN109720799A CN 109720799 A CN109720799 A CN 109720799A CN 201810234433 A CN201810234433 A CN 201810234433A CN 109720799 A CN109720799 A CN 109720799A
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Prior art keywords
photomask
box
open type
front open
type feeder
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李雨青
方玉标
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L21/677Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations
    • H01L21/67703Apparatus specially adapted for handling semiconductor or electric solid state devices during manufacture or treatment thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electric solid state devices or components ; Apparatus not specifically provided for elsewhere for conveying, e.g. between different workstations between different workstations
    • H01L21/6773Conveying cassettes, containers or carriers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/22Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F1/00Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
    • G03F1/66Containers specially adapted for masks, mask blanks or pellicles; Preparation thereof
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70058Mask illumination systems
    • G03F7/7015Details of optical elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03FPHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/70Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
    • G03F7/70691Handling of masks or workpieces
    • G03F7/70733Handling masks and workpieces, e.g. exchange of workpiece or mask, transport of workpiece or mask
    • G03F7/70741Handling masks outside exposure position, e.g. reticle libraries
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Library & Information Science (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
  • Preparing Plates And Mask In Photomechanical Process (AREA)

Abstract

运输容器包含容器本体、盖体以及升降板。容器本体包含顶壁、底壁、后壁及两侧壁,其中顶壁、底壁、后壁及侧壁形成前开口,以供光掩模盒装载至容器本体中,或是供光掩模盒卸载出容器本体外。盖体打开或关闭前开口。升降板位于容器本体上方,且连接悬吊式输送系统的载具。

Description

运输容器
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及运输容器,特别涉及运送光掩模盒(reticle pod)的运输容器。
背景技术
半导体集成电路(integrated circuit,IC)产业已经历指数型成长。集成电路(IC)材料与设计的技术进步产生一代比一代更小且电路更复杂的集成电路(IC)。在集成电路(IC)演进的过程中,当几何尺寸(即,使用一工艺所能产生的最小构件(或线))缩小时,功能密度(functional density)(即每个芯片区域上互连装置的数量)一般而言会上升。此尺寸缩小的过程基本上提供增加生产效率及降低相关成本的优点。尺寸缩小也提升加工与制造集成电路(IC)的复杂度,并且为了实现这些优点,在集成电路(IC)的生产及制造中需要类似的发展。
仅作为一范例,半导体光刻工艺可使用光刻样板(例如光掩模(photomask或reticle))以将图案光学性地转移至基板上。举例而言,可借由将辐射源通过中间的光掩模投射在具有感光材料(例如光致抗蚀剂)涂层的基板上,以完成上述工艺。可借由光刻工艺图案化的最小部件尺寸受到投射辐射源的波长限制。有鉴于此,已引入了极紫外光(extreme ultraviolet,EUV)辐射源及光刻工艺。然而,极紫外光工艺对污染问题非常敏感。在一范例中,引入至极紫外光光掩模上的粒子污染可导致光刻转印图案的显著劣化。在搬运或运输极紫外光光掩模的期间可能产生粒子污染。极紫外光光掩模转运自动化被考量为降低粒子污染的解决方案之一部分。然而,极紫外光光掩模盒经常被发现在机械上与现有的自动化材料搬运(automatic material handling,AMH)系统不相容。因此,现有的极紫外光光掩模转运技术在所有方面都尚未证明是完全令人满意的。
发明内容
本发明的一些实施例提供运输容器,其包含容器本体、盖体以及升降板。容器本体包含顶壁、底壁、后壁及两侧壁,其中顶壁、底壁、后壁及两侧壁形成前开口,以供光掩模盒装载至容器本体中,或是供光掩模盒卸载出容器本体外。盖体打开或关闭前开口。升降板位于容器本体上方,且连接悬吊式输送系统的载具。
本发明的一些实施例提供自动化材料搬运系统,其包含多个悬吊式输送(overhead hoist transport,OHT)轨道、第一载具、第一前开式传送盒(front openingunified pod,FOUP)、第二载具以及第二前开式传送盒。第一载具可沿悬吊式输送轨道移动。第一前开式传送盒连接至第一载具,并承载半导体晶片。第二载具可沿悬吊式输送轨道移动。第二前开式传送盒连接至第二载具,并承载极紫外光光掩模盒。
本发明的一些实施例提供运输光掩模的方法,其包含提供连接第一位置与第二位置的悬吊式输送系统,从位于第一位置的光掩模仓库取出光掩模,将光掩模包覆在光掩模盒中,将光掩模盒包覆在前开式传送盒中,通过悬吊式输送系统的载具吊起前开式传送盒,将前开式传送盒从第一位置运送至第二位置,从前开式传送盒取出光掩模盒,从光掩模盒取出光掩模,以及将光掩模运送至位于第二位置中的光刻工具。
附图说明
根据以下的详细说明并配合附图可更加理解本发明实施例的观点。应注意的是,根据本产业的标准惯例,附图中的各种部件并未必按照比例绘制。事实上,可能任意的放大或缩小各种部件的尺寸,以做清楚的说明。
图1是根据一些实施例的极紫外光光掩模的剖视示意图。
图2是根据一些实施例的示范极紫外光光掩模盒的示意图。
图3是根据一些实施例的示范光掩模运输方法的示意图。
图4是根据一些实施例的光掩模自动化转运系统的示意图。
图5A及图5B是根据一些实施例的示范光掩模前开式传送盒的示意图。
图6A及图6B是根据一些实施例的位于光掩模前开式传送盒中用以吸收震动的示范支柱的示意图。
图7A、图7B、图8A、图8B、图9、图10A、图10B、图11、图12、图13及图14是根据一些实施例的位于光掩模前开式传送盒中的闩锁机构(latch mechanism)的示意图。
图15是根据一些实施例的位在光掩模前开式传送盒中用以吸收震动的夹持装置与弹性缓冲件的示意图。
图16是根据一些实施例的光掩模转运自动化的方法的流程图。
其中,附图标记说明如下:
100~光掩模;
102~粒子;
104~基板;
106~背面涂层;
108~反射多层;
110~覆盖层;
112~吸收器;
116~抗反射涂层;
120~前表面;
200~光掩模盒;
204~外盒壳体;
206~内盖;
210~内底板;
212~外盒底座;
214~通道;
302~光掩模仓库;
304~仓库外壳;
320~光刻工具;
350~人工光掩模盒运输;
400~自动化物料搬运系统;
410~悬吊式输送系统;
412、536、822~轨道;
416~悬吊式输送载具;
418~晶片前开式传送盒(晶片运输容器);
420~光掩模前开式传送盒(光掩模运输容器);
450~前开式传送盒仓库;
500~光掩模前开式传送盒;
502~本体;
504~盖体;
506~顶板;
508~底板;
510~后壁;
512~侧壁;
514~隔间;
516~凸缘表面;
518~升降板;
520~接收台;
522、522’、522”、522”’~支柱;
524~盒定位栓;
530~闩锁机构;
532~闩片;
534~驱动板;
535~末端;
562~驱动栓;
564~沟槽;
566~旋转轴;
572、574、576~边缘;
580、632、824~弹簧;
582~中间板;
584、586~楔形末端;
588~固定装置;
624~底座;
626~螺丝;
628~橡胶构件;
630~滑动件;
634~液压缸;
636~流体;
802~弹性块;
804~磁极;
806~弹性构件;
808~电磁铁;
810~装载电池;
812~开关;
814~凸片;
830~电力反用换流器;
832~电流方向;
834~导电部件;
910~夹持装置;
912~夹持顶板;
914~接合器;
916~夹持底板;
920~弹性缓冲件;
1600~方法;
1602、1604、1606、1608、1610、1612、1614、1616、1618~操作;
L0~原始长度;
LC~锁定状态;
P~推力;
UC~非锁定状态;
△L~距离。
具体实施方式
以下的公开内容提供许多不同的实施例或范例,以实施本发明实施例所提供标的的不同部件(feature)。以下叙述各个元件及其排列方式的特定范例,以简化本发明实施例。当然,这些叙述仅作为范例,并非用以限定本发明实施例。举例而言,若是以下叙述第一部件形成于第二部件之上或上方,即表示其可能包含第一部件与第二部件是直接接触的实施例,还可能包含有附加部件形成于第一部件与第二部件之间,而使第一部件与第二部件可能未直接接触的实施例。另外,本发明实施例中的不同范例可能重复使用相同的参考符号及/或标记。这些重复是为了简化与清晰的目的,并非用以表示所讨论的不同实施例及/或结构之间的关系。
此外,在此可以使用与空间相关用词,例如“在…下方”、“下方”、“较低的”、“上方”、“较高的”及类似的用词,以便于描述附图中一个元件或部件与另一个(些)元件或部件之间的关系。除了在附图中绘示的方位外,这些空间相关用词意欲包含使用中或操作中的装置的不同方位。装置可能会有不同方位(旋转90度或其他方位),并且在此使用的空间相关用词也可依此做同样地解释。
一般而言,本发明实施例是关于光掩模转运自动化,特别是有关于用以承载光掩模盒的光掩模运输容器。在各种实施例中,光掩模运输容器可与现有的自动化物料搬运(automated material handling,AMH)系统相容,例如悬吊式输送(overhead hoisttransfer,OHT)系统。借由使用前开式传送盒(front opening universal pods,FOUP),悬吊式输送系统可用以运送晶片卡匣(wafer cassette)(例如运送直径(Φ)为300mm或450mm的晶片)。
图1显示光掩模(reticle)100及在光掩模100表面上累积的粒子102的示意图。根据此范例,光掩模100包含基板104、背面涂层106、反射多层108、覆盖层110及一或多个吸收器112,且吸收器112上方具有抗反射涂层116。
在一范例中,光掩模100是极紫外光(extreme ultraviolet,EUV)光掩模。极紫外光光刻使用反射式光掩模,而非穿透式光掩模。极紫外光光刻使用扫描器,放射在极紫外光区段中的光,其为具有极紫外光波长例如约10nm至约15nm的光。在一范例中,极紫外光光源产生波长约为13.5nm的极紫外光。除了极紫外光扫描器使用反射式而非折射式的光学元件,即以面镜取代透镜,在真空环境中使用以及其他一些差异之外,一些极紫外光扫描器与一些光学扫描器的相似之处在于提供缩小4倍的投影曝光(projection printing)。极紫外光扫描器在形成在反射式掩模上的吸收层(极紫外光掩模吸收器)上提供想要的图案。在极紫外光的范围内,材料变得高度吸收。因此,使用反射式光学元件而非折射式光学元件。
在一些实施例中,基底104包含低热膨胀性材料(low thermal expansionmaterial,LTEM)的基底,且背面涂层106包含铬氮化物(CrxNy)层。作为范例,反射多层108可包含例如使用离子沉积技术沉积于基底104顶部的钼硅(Mo-Si)多层。在一些范例中,每一个钼硅层对的钼层厚度约为3nm,硅层厚度约为4nm。在各种实施例中,覆盖层110包含钌(Ru)覆盖层。覆盖层110可有助于保护反射多层108(例如在制造掩模期间),且还可作为后续吸收层蚀刻工艺的蚀刻停止层。在一些实施例中,吸收器112包含TaxNy层或TaxByOzNu层,其厚度可介于约50nm至约75nm之间,并用以吸收极紫外光(例如具有约13.5nm的波长)。在一些范例中,抗反射涂层116包含TaxByOzNu层、HfxOy层或SixOyNz层中的至少一层。如图1所示,粒子102可能无意间沉积在光掩模100的表面例如前表面120上,可能会导致光刻转印图案的劣化。虽然粒子102被绘示为圆形,应了解的是粒子102也可能是其他形状及大小。可能通过各种方式引入粒子102,例如在搬运及/或运输光掩模100的期间。
为了防止在光掩模100搬运及运输的期间受到损坏及粒子污染,可使用光掩模盒以封装光掩模100。图2绘示光掩模盒200的范例示意图。在一些实施例中,光掩模盒200是极紫外光光掩模盒。如下所述,光掩模盒200可以是双盒载具(dual pod carrier),包含外盒及内盒。外盒包含外盒底座212及外盒壳体204,而内盒包含内底板210及内盖206。光掩模100存放在内底板210与内盖206之间的内盒中。此外,在一些实施例中,光掩模100在内盒中面朝下,在光掩模100的前表面120与内底板210之间留下小间隙,以将前表面120的粒子污染最小化。在一些实施例中,内盖206包含一或多个开口(图未示),以允许清洁用的气流在内盒中流通。气体可通过位于外盒底座212上的一或多个开孔214直接进入光掩模盒200。
在半导体工艺的各个期间,包含光掩模100的光掩模盒200可存放在位于半导体制造厂(semiconductor fabrication facility,FAB)内的光掩模仓库302中。如图3所示,光掩模仓库302包含仓库外壳304。在仓库外壳304中提供至少一光掩模盒200以存放至少一光掩模100。仓库外壳304可同时容纳多个光掩模盒200,连带容纳多个光掩模100。光掩模仓库302也包含一或多个装载端口(loadport),以供光掩模盒200移入至仓库外壳304中,或是供光掩模盒200自仓库外壳304中移出。
请再参照图3,在半导体工艺的各个期间,包含光掩模100的光掩模盒200可能需要运送至多个光刻工具320。光刻工具320可以是任何形式的光刻工艺、量测、检查、清洁、测试工具或其他适合的工具。举例而言,光刻工具320可以是极紫外光扫描器或极紫外光光掩模清洁室。光刻工具320包含一或多个装载端口以利于供光掩模盒200移入至光刻工具320中,或是供光掩模盒200自光刻工具320中移出。光刻工具320位于半导体制造厂的各种设施内。
光掩模仓库302及光刻工具320可分开,例如位在不同楼层或同楼层的不同无尘室中。在一些情况下,光掩模仓库302及光刻工具320可位在半导体制造厂的不同建筑物中。光掩模盒200需要在光掩模仓库302及光刻工具320之间运输。由于缺乏针对光掩模盒的自动化运输机制,在半导体制造厂中有时候会进行人工光掩模盒运输350。然而,人工光掩模盒运输350会在材料搬运期间带来不同程度的震动及不等的加速及/或减速。由于光掩模盒200及光掩模100之间的摩擦力,带来在转运期间之间增加损坏粒子的风险,其可能污染光掩模100的表面。图3所示光掩模仓库302及光刻工具320之间的运输仅作为范例。前述运输也可发生在多个分隔在半导体制造厂的不同无尘室、楼层及/或建筑物中的光刻工具320之间。
另一方面,半导体晶片通常借由自动化物料搬运系统储存及运输。自动化物料搬运系统包含多种自动化设备以在工艺期间在半导体制造厂各处移动及运送晶片载具。此系统可包含例如自动引导载具(automatic guided vehicles,AGVs)、个人引导载具(personal guided vehicles,PGVs)、轨道引导载具(rail guided vehicles,RGVs)、悬吊搬运梭(overhead shuttles,OHSs)及悬吊式输送系统。悬吊式输送系统包含悬吊式输送轨道(或路径)网路,连接散布在半导体制造厂中,甚至是不同建筑物之间的区域内(intra-bays)及/或区域间(inter-bays)。现有的需求是允许除了晶片载具之外,光掩模盒200也可借由悬吊式输送轨道移动,以作为自动化转运光掩模经济的解决方案,省下再建造只提供光掩模盒使用的悬吊式输送系统的空间与金钱。
图4绘示自动化物料搬运系统400的示范实施例的立体示意图,光掩模运输容器可相容于悬吊式输送轨道,允许使用现有的悬吊式输送轨道同时运输光掩模盒及晶片卡匣。
在一些实施例中,自动化物料搬运系统400包含一或多个悬吊式输送系统410,其包含固定式轨道(或路径)412的网路,可用以引导由轨道412支撑及悬吊之一或多个悬吊式输送载具416的移动。悬吊式输送载具416可以是具有滚轮的悬吊式输送载具。在一些实施例中,轨道412是安装且悬吊在半导体制造厂的天花板及/或墙壁上的单轨。本领域技术人员将可了解只要悬吊式输送载具416适当地由轨道支撑并滚动,轨道412也可具有任何适合的剖面构造。在半导体工艺期间,多个半导体晶片基本上一起存放在晶片运输容器418中,并借由自动化物料搬运系统在不同晶片工艺工具的装载端口之间运送。晶片运输容器418可包含标准机械接口(standard mechanical interface,SMIF)盒,其承载多个晶片(例如直径为200mm或8英寸),或承载直径较大为300mm(12英寸)或450mm(18英寸)的前开式晶片传送盒(front opening unified pod,FOUP)。举例而言,每一个晶片载具418可容纳大约25片晶片。在图4所示的实施例中,晶片运输容器418是用以承载多个直径为300mm的前开式晶片传送盒(FOUP),也被称作晶片前开式传送盒418。悬吊式输送载具416可用于将晶片前开式传送盒418在整个半导体制造厂中的区域内(intra-bays)及/或区域之间(inter-bays)转运。
请再参照图4,除了晶片前开式传送盒418以外,一或多个光掩模运输容器420也通过其他悬吊式输送载具416耦接至悬吊式输送轨道412。在一些实施例中,光掩模运输容器420具有大致符合晶片前开式传送盒标准的外表面。光掩模运输容器420可被称作光掩模前开式传送盒420。光掩模前开式传送盒420更具备用以接收光掩模盒200来进行储存与运输的内平台。前述内平台具有将光掩模盒200固定于光掩模前开式传送盒420内的部件,其将于后文中详细说明。在图4所示的实施例中,光掩模盒200为极紫外光光掩模盒,而光掩模前开式传送盒420则为极紫外光光掩模前开式传送盒。光掩模前开式传送盒420具有升降设备(例如升降板),供悬吊式输送载具悬吊机构的夹具来夹取。借由符合晶片前开式传送盒的标准,光掩模前开式传送盒420具有相容性,可与晶片前开式传送盒418一起通过悬吊式输送系统来运输。悬吊式输送载具416可在半导体制造厂内将晶片前开式传送盒418或光掩模前开式传送盒420自一位置拾起、升高及/或降低、支撑、衔接(articulate)及释放至另一位置。举例而言,光掩模前开式传送盒420可自位于一建筑物的光掩模仓库302接收光掩模盒200,接着沿悬吊式输送轨道412运送至位于另一建筑物的光刻工具320例如极紫外光扫描器。同时,多个半导体晶片也可通过晶片前开式传送盒418沿悬吊式输送轨道412运送至光刻工具320。
在一些实施例中,晶片前开式传送盒418及光掩模前开式传送盒420一起存放在一前开式运送盒仓库450中。每一个前开式运送盒具有一标签,例如印有序号(serialnumber)或射频辨识(radio frequency identification,RFID)标签的贴纸,贴附至前开式运送盒本体上以利于自动化物料搬运系统400辨识特定的晶片前开式传送盒或特定的光掩模前开式传送盒。在另一些实施例中,晶片前开式传送盒及光掩模前开式传送盒分开存放,例如分别存放在晶片前开式传送盒仓库或光掩模前开式传送盒仓库中。
图5A及图5B绘示范例光掩模前开式传送盒500在其隔间(compartment)容纳光掩模盒200之前与之后的立体示意图。光掩模前开式传送盒500包含本体502及盖体504。本体502包含顶板506、底板508,后壁510及两侧壁512,其共同界定出具有前开口的隔间514。在一些实施例中,前开口具有凸缘表面516。凸缘表面516是放置以密封地倚靠盖体504。光掩模前开式传送盒500具有位在本体502的顶部上的升降板518。升降板518与悬吊式输送系统的标准相容,以由悬吊式输送载具抬升。在隔间514内,光掩模前开式传送盒500包含接收台520以容置光掩模盒200。接收台520可以为框架状或平台状。接收台520安装在自底板508延伸的支柱522上。在一些实施例中,接收台520具有盒定位栓524以将光掩模盒200水平地固定在接收台520上。盒定位栓524的尺寸及位置配合光掩模盒200的外底面,使得盒定位栓524可接合光掩模盒200的底面,由下方固定光掩模盒200。在所示的实施例中,接收台520包含三个盒定位栓524,分别位于接收台520的左、右及后方部分。
光掩模前开式传送盒500更具有位在隔间514内的闩锁机构(latch mechanism)530。闩锁机构530可由盖体504驱动,以将光掩模盒200锁固(latch)在接收台520上,以下将有更详细的说明。在各种实施例中,光掩模前开式传送盒500的底部机械接口可与直径为300mm或450mm的标准晶片前开式传送盒相同,至少与悬吊式输送系统的其他元件交界的部件是相同的。同理,光掩模前开式传送盒500的其他关键外部尺寸可落入直径为300mm或450mm的标准晶片前开式传送盒壳体的尺寸之间。在一些实施例中,如果光掩模盒200的深度大于标准晶片前开式传送盒的深度,本体502可具有凸出部(convex)532以加大隔间514的深度,使其可适合(fit in)光掩模盒200。在一些实施例中,凸出部532可位于侧壁512上且位于接收台520上方。
光掩模前开式传送盒500可具有其他部件。在一些实施例中,本体502具有位在侧壁512上的一对承载把手(图未示)。在一些实施例中,当隔间514由盖体504密封时,盖体504具有气阀(图未示)以调整内部气压。本体502及盖体504可通过包含预定树脂的成形材料来射出成形(injection molded)。在成形材料中的预定树脂包含例如聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate)、聚二醚酮(polyether ether ketone)、聚醚酰亚胺(polyether imide)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(polybutylene terephthalate)或由聚酯基(polyester-based)、聚苯乙烯基(polystyrene-based)或聚烯烃基(polyolefin-based)等组成的热塑性弹性体(thermoplastic elastomer)、聚缩醛(polyacetal)、液晶聚合物(liquid crystalpolymer)、环烯烃树脂(cyclic olefin resin)及其他类似树脂,其具有优良的机械性质、耐热性及其他类似性质。可根据需要将预定树脂选择性地加入碳、碳纤维、金属纤维、碳纳米管、导电聚合物、抗静电剂、防火剂或其他类似材料。
图6A及图6B绘示支柱522的不同实施例。光掩模前开式传送盒500可具有一或多个支柱522。在图6A所示的实施例中,光掩模前开式传送盒500具有安装在底板508上的四个支柱522。支柱522支撑安装于其上的接收台520。每一个支柱522具有例如通过螺丝626安装于底板508上的底座624。支柱522也提供一震动吸收器以在光掩模盒转运期间抑制接收台520的震动(damping)。在一些实施例中,结合位在支柱522中的弹性机构以提供一震动吸收器。图6B绘示具有各种弹性机构的支柱522(例如:支柱522’、522”及522”’)的数个实施例。在一范例中,支柱522’的顶部具有橡胶构件628以吸收震动。在一些实施例中,橡胶构件628可以是聚氨酯(polyurethane)弹性体。在另一范例中,支柱522”具有装载(loaded)于弹簧632上的滑动件630,也提供一震动吸收器。在一些实施例中,弹簧632可具有介于约4N/cm至约10N/cm的弹性系数。在又另一范例中,支柱522”’具有包含流体636(例如:机油)的液压缸634。滑动件630可沿着装有弹簧632的液压缸634移动,其中弹簧632装载于滑动件630与液压缸634之间,且弹簧632被视为液压吸震器。在一些实施例中,流体636可具有介于约17×10-6m2/s至约23×10-6m2/s之间的动粘度(kinematic viscosity)。
请参照图7A及图7B,光掩模前开式传送盒500可包含一或多组闩锁机构530,以将光掩模盒200固定在接收台520上。作为一范例,两组闩锁机构530可安装在侧壁512上,其中一边设置一组,将光掩模盒200夹在闩锁机构530之间。在所示的实施例中,闩锁机构530是由盖体504(图5A)驱动,以在锁定状态LC与非锁定状态UC之间转换。当盖体504与本体502分开时,闩锁机构530被驱动至非锁定状态UC,且闩片(latch tab)532自光掩模盒200松开,如图7A所示。闩片532接触光掩模盒200的部分可包含弹性体材料,例如橡胶。当盖体504盖住本体502时,闩锁机构530被驱动至锁定状态LC,且闩片532被驱动朝光掩模盒200移动并锁住(或夹住)光掩模盒200,如图7B所示。在一些实施例中,驱动板534决定闩片532的移动,其将盖体504的位置转换为闩片532的位置。
图8A及图8B更绘示范例闩锁机构530。图8A显示位于光掩模盒200两侧的两组闩锁机构530由非锁定状态UC转换至锁定状态LC的上视图。图8B显示闩片532与驱动板534的对应的上视图与侧视图。驱动板534与闩片532部分地重迭。在一些实施例中,驱动板534装有弹簧。当驱动板534位在其预设位置时,弹簧(图未示)是放松的,且驱动板534的末端535延伸至前开口的凸缘表面516之外。驱动板534可另耦接至轨道(或路径)536。轨道536限制驱动板534在光掩模前开式传送盒500的前后方向(即沿X轴)中的移动。也可由另一轨道(或路径)限制闩片532在光掩模前开式传送盒500的左右方向(即沿Y轴)中的移动。驱动板534具有驱动栓562嵌入开放于闩片532中的沟槽564。沟槽564的长度方向与驱动板534的前后移动方向之间夹有一角度例如约30度、约45度或约60度。驱动栓562可沿沟槽564向上或向下移动。在一些实施例中,闩片532可具有驱动栓562,而驱动板534则可具有沟槽564。闩片532可位于驱动板534的上方或下方,只要驱动栓562保持嵌入沟槽564中即可。
请继续参照图8A及图8B,当盖体504阖上时,驱动板534的末端535开始受盖体504挤压(如图8B所示的推力P)。由于轨道536限制驱动板534的位置,驱动栓562仅可沿X轴移动。在驱动栓562沿X轴移动期间,驱动栓562将一力施加于沟槽564的侧壁上,此力可分解为多个分力,其中包含沿Y轴的分力。因此,闩片532开始沿Y轴朝光掩模盒200的侧壁移动。借此,光掩模盒200受两闩片532自两侧挤压,最终当盖体504阖上时,光掩模盒200固定在中心。驱动栓562及沟槽564共同将驱动板534沿X轴的直线运动转换为闩片532沿Y轴的另一直线运动。如果将盖体504打开,驱动板534将不再受盖体504挤压,并开始受已负载的弹簧驱动而回到其预设位置。驱动栓562将一力施加于沟槽564的另一侧壁上,并借此压迫闩片532移开且最终自光掩模盒200的侧壁松开。因此,在盖体504移开之后,可从光掩模前开式传送盒500取出光掩模盒200。
在另一实施例中,闩锁机构530具有旋转闩片532,位于光掩模盒200的每一侧。如图9所示,闩片532具有旋转轴566,且闩片532可围绕旋转轴566进行圆周运动。闩片532可位于驱动板534上方,允许驱动板534在下方滑动。驱动板534具有驱动栓562,其凸出于驱动板534的表面且可达闩片532上方。驱动板534可由弹簧(图未示)装载。当盖体504阖上时,驱动板534被推向闩片532。当驱动栓562接触闩片532时,对闩片532的边缘572施加一推力P。推力P推动闩片532开始围绕旋转轴566旋转。因此,闩片532的边缘574开始朝光掩模盒200移动。当盖体504完全盖上时,驱动栓562已沿边缘572移动一段距离,且闩片532已绕旋转轴566旋转大约90度。边缘574可具有弹性体材料,例如橡胶,并锁住光掩模盒200。如果将盖体504打开,驱动板534将不再受盖体504挤压,并开始受已负载的弹簧驱动而回到其预设位置。借此驱动栓562则开始对闩片532的边缘576施加一力,并挤压闩片532围绕旋转轴566旋转,以回到其预设位置。结果,光掩模盒200从闩锁机构530松开,并在盖体504分离之后,可从光掩模前开式传送盒500取出。
在又一实施例中,闩锁机构530具有可向下移动的闩片532以自上方压住接收台520上的光掩模盒200。如图10A及图10B所示,其分别为光掩模前开式传送盒500的前视图及侧视图,闩片532是悬挂在光掩模盒200上方。在一些实施例中,将闩片532装载至弹簧580,以悬挂在光掩模前开式传送盒500的顶板506上。在一些实施例中,光掩模前开式传送盒500具有中间板582,其位于顶板506下方,并平行于顶板506,将闩片532装载至弹簧580,以悬挂在中间板582上。具有中间板582可降低弹簧580所需的长度。光掩模前开式传送盒500的侧壁可具有弹性缓冲体584,例如橡胶块,以将光掩模盒200夹持于其中,来固定光掩模盒200的水平位置。驱动板534具有平面末端535延伸出凸缘表面516的边界之外。驱动板534也具有楔形末端584连接于闩片532的楔形末端586。固定装置588限制闩片532在上下方向(即沿Z轴)中的移动。轨道(或路径)限制驱动板534沿X轴的移动。当盖体504阖上时,驱动板534的末端535开始受盖体504挤压。通过楔形末端584及586对闩片532施加一推力P。由于楔形的交界面,推力P可分解为数个分力,包含沿Z轴的分力。由于闩片532被限制在Z轴移动,闩片532开始朝光掩模盒200向下延伸。在此期间,弹簧580也向下延伸。当盖体504完全盖上时,闩片532落至光掩模盒200的顶面,并自上方压住接收台520上的光掩模盒200。因此,闩锁机构530为锁定状态LC。当盖体504打开时,弹簧580将闩片532拉升至其预设位置。闩片532的向上运动也通过楔形末端586及584对驱动板534施加一力。在一些实施例中,驱动板534并未装载弹簧,而是靠已负载弹簧的闩片532将驱动板534推回其预设位置。在一些实施例中,驱动板534也装有弹簧,当盖体504不再挤压驱动板534时,驱动板534将可自行回到其预设位置。
在各种实施例中,闩锁机构530可使用电磁铁808以驱动闩片532,如图11所示。闩片532包含弹性块802,例如为橡胶块,以及磁极804。磁极804具有嵌入弹性块802的一端,且另一端连接至弹性构件806。可完全磁化磁极804,或仅磁化磁极804位于弹性块802内的顶端。弹性构件806可具有提供闩片532被驱动而在一特定角度范围内旋转的一旋转轴。电磁铁808可通过开关812接线至装载电池810。装载电池810可以是可充电式的电池。装载电池810可放置于光掩模前开式传送盒500的隔间内,例如安装在底板或侧壁上。盖体504具有凸片814。当盖体504打开时,开关812保持密合,且电流流过电磁铁808上的线圈,并产生磁场。磁极804被电磁铁808吸引,自光掩模盒200的侧壁拉开弹性块802。因此,闩锁机构530为非锁定状态UC。当盖体504阖上时,凸片814拉开开关812。因此,电路断路且没有电流流过电磁铁808。磁极804失去吸引力并松开。弹性构件806旋转使得闩片532回到其预设位置,此时弹性块802锁住光掩模盒200。因此,闩锁机构530为锁定状态LC。
在一范例中,弹性构件806可使用滑动装置取代旋转轴。如图12所示,弹性构件806包含轨道822及弹簧824装载至磁极804的一端,其允许闩片532沿轨道822进行平移运动。弹簧824具有一原始长度L0。当开关812阖上时,闩片532被吸引至电磁铁808的方向。弹簧824被拉伸一距离△L。当开关812被凸片814推开时,电磁铁808无法产生磁场,且闩片532被弹簧824沿轨道822拉回其预设位置。在一些实施例中,距离△L可介于约1cm至约10cm的范围内。借由滑动装置,闩片532及电磁铁808可悬挂于光掩模前开式传送盒500的顶面上,而非悬挂于光掩模前开式传送盒500的侧壁上。在此情况下,电磁铁808可驱动闩片532提升以松开或降低以压住光掩模盒200的顶面。图13绘示当电磁铁808提升闩片532时,闩锁机构530为非锁定状态UC的情况。
使用电磁铁808的闩锁机构530的另一个范例是根据盖体504的位置翻转电流方向,导致电磁铁808的极性逆转。请参照图14,装载电池810是电力反用换流器(powerinverter)830的一部分。在一些实施例中,电力反用换流器830具有旋转机构,允许装载电池810的极性反转。在所示的实施例中,当盖体504阖上时,盖体504上的凸片814推动电力反用换流器830翻转。如此一来,流经电磁铁808的电流方向832反转,导致电磁铁808的极性逆转。凸片814可包含导电部件834,当盖体504阖上时,导电部件834成为电路的一部分。作为范例,如果原先闩片532被电磁铁808吸引(盖体打开),当盖体阖上时,闩片532会被电磁铁808排斥。因此,驱使闩片532朝向光掩模盒200的侧壁或顶面移动,使得弹性块802夹住光掩模盒200。如先前图11所示的实施例,弹性构件806可另外包含旋转轴。
请参照图15,在一些实施例中,接收台520可具有夹持装置910及/或弹性缓冲件920以更加固定光掩模盒200及吸收额外的震动。夹持装置910具有夹持顶板912、夹持底板916及接合器914。接合器914可倚靠后壁510并连接夹持顶板912及夹持底板916。可将夹持底板916放置于接收台520及一些支柱522之间,例如接近后壁510的支柱522’。为了容纳夹持底板916,位在后排的支柱522’的高度可小于位在前排的支柱522”的高度。夹持顶板912可使用弹性体材料例如橡胶。夹持顶板912与接收台520之间的距离大致上与光掩模盒200的本体高度相同,但稍微较小。当光掩模盒200移入夹持顶板912与接收台520之间的空间时,夹持顶板912从上方将光掩模盒200压在接收台520上。一或多个弹性缓冲件920可围绕光掩模盒200放置,并由光掩模盒200及本体502夹住弹性缓冲件920以吸收多余的震动。举例而言,可在本体502的后角落放置两个弹性缓冲件920,并倚靠后壁510。弹性缓冲件920可使用橡胶或是例如弹簧或液压吸震器等弹性元件。
图16是运输光掩模例如运输极紫外光光掩模的方法1600的流程图。在一些实施例中,使用图4所示的悬吊式输送系统410以实施方法1600。应了解的是,可在方法1600之前、期间及之后提供额外的步骤,且方法1600的额外实施例可对于所述步骤进行取代、删除、或调换。方法1600作为范例,而非于权利要求所明述的内容以外来限制本发明实施例。
在操作1602中,提供悬吊式输送系统。悬吊式输送系统包含固定式的轨道(或路径),用以引导多个悬吊式输送载具的移动。悬吊式输送载具是由轨道支撑并悬吊。轨道网路由第一位置扩展至第二位置。第一位置及第二位置可位于半导体制造厂内的同一楼层、不同楼层或不同建筑物。在操作1604中,方法1600由位于第一位置的光掩模仓库取出光掩模。光掩模可以是极紫外光光掩模。在操作1606中,方法1600将光掩模包覆于光掩模盒中。光掩模盒也可存放在光掩模仓库中,或是存放在其他合适的储存匣中。在操作1608中,方法1600将光掩模盒与内部的光掩模一起包覆在光掩模前开式传送盒中。光掩模前开式传送盒具有大致符合晶片前开式传送盒标准的外表面,使得光掩模前开式传送盒与其他晶片前开式传送盒可借由相同的悬吊式输送系统来运送。光掩模前开式传送盒具备选自例如接收台、弹性支柱、闩锁机构、夹持装置、弹性缓冲件或前述组合的一或多种部件,以固定内部的光掩模盒并吸收震动及/或晃动。在操作1610中,方法1600通过悬吊式输送载具抬升前开式传送盒。悬吊式输送载具可使用夹持器以抓取光掩模前开式传送盒用以升降的升降板。在操作1612中,方法1600沿悬吊式输送系统的轨道网路将光掩模前开式传送盒自第一位置运输至第二位置。同时,悬吊式输送系统可具有多个其他悬吊式输送载具承载包含半导体晶片的晶片前开式传送盒由一位置至另一位置。在操作1614中,在第二位置中(例如光刻工具的装载端口),方法1600将光掩模盒自光掩模前开式传送盒取出。可借由滑动机构或机械手臂取出光掩模盒。在操作1616中,方法1600从光掩模盒取出光掩模。在操作1618中,方法1600将光掩模运送至光刻工具,以进行后续工艺。光刻工具可以是任何形式的光刻工艺、量测、检查、清洁、测试工具或其他适合的工具的其中之一。举例而言,光刻工具可以是极紫外光扫描器或极紫外光光掩模清洁室。光刻工具包含一或多个装载端口以利于将光掩模或光掩模盒移入或移出光刻工具。就极紫外光扫描器而言,其可具有光掩模装载端口及晶片装载端口。当光掩模盒通过悬吊式输送系统由光掩模前开式传送盒运送时,晶片装载端口同时接收通过相同悬吊式输送系统由晶片前开式传送盒运送的晶片。
本发明实施例提供用以转运光掩模的光掩模容器,以及光掩模转运自动化的方法。特别是,光掩模转运自动化降低传统光掩模人工运输的需求,并降低在搬运及运输光掩模期间粒子污染的机率。借由本发明实施例所公开的光掩模盒容器及光掩模转运自动化的方法,可更好地保存及保护对于粒子污染敏感的光掩模,例如极紫外光光掩模。
在一示例性方面,本发明实施例是针对运输容器,其包含容器本体、盖体以及升降板。容器本体包含顶壁、底壁、后壁及两侧壁,其中顶壁、底壁、后壁及两侧壁形成前开口,以供光掩模盒装载至容器本体中,或是供光掩模盒卸载出容器本体外。盖体打开或关闭前开口。升降板位于容器本体上方,且连接悬吊式输送系统的载具。在一实施例中,光掩模盒是极紫外光光掩模盒。在一实施例中,运输容器还包含位于容器本体内的闩锁机构,用以锁住光掩模盒,且闩锁机构可被盖体驱动以在盖体阖上时转换为锁定状态,在盖体打开时转换为非锁定状态。在一实施例中,闩锁机构包含装有弹簧的驱动板及连接至装有弹簧的驱动板的闩片,装有弹簧的驱动板可由盖体驱动以在锁定状态与非锁定状态之间转换闩片。在一实施例中,闩片具有凹槽,装有弹簧的驱动板具有驱动栓,且驱动栓可沿沟槽移动。驱动栓与沟槽共同将装有弹簧的驱动板的直线运动转换为闩片的直线运动。在一实施例中,闩片具有旋转轴,且装有弹簧的驱动板具有驱动栓。驱动栓驱动闩片的边缘,驱动栓与旋转轴共同将装有弹簧的驱动板的直线运动转换为闩片的圆周运动。在一实施例中,闩片装有弹簧连接至顶壁,且当盖体阖上时可向下移动。锁定状态包含由闩片压住光掩模盒的顶面。在一实施例中,闩锁机构包含磁性闩片及电磁铁,电磁铁可由盖体驱动以吸引或排斥磁性闩片。在一实施例中,运输容器还包含装载电池以供电至电磁铁。在一实施例中,运输容器还包含位于容器本体内的支撑板以及位于底壁上的多个支柱。在支撑板上方放置光掩模盒,且支柱用以支撑支撑板。在一实施例中,多个支柱包含弹性机构以吸收支撑板的震动。在一实施例中,弹性机构包含使用橡胶吸震器、装有弹簧的吸震器或液压吸震器。
在另一示例性方面,本发明实施例是针对自动化物料搬运系统,其包含多个悬吊式输送轨道、第一载具、第一前开式传送盒、第二载具以及第二前开式传送盒。第一载具可沿悬吊式输送轨道移动。第一前开式传送盒连接至第一载具,且承载其中的半导体晶片。第二载具可沿悬吊式输送轨道移动。第二前开式传送盒连接至第二载具,且承载其中的极紫外光光掩模盒。在一实施例中,极紫外光光掩模盒包含外盒及内盒,内盒位于外盒内部,用以包覆极紫外光光掩模。在一实施例中,第二前开式传送盒包含本体、前开口盖体、支撑板以及夹持部件。本体围出具有前开口的主要隔间。前开口盖体是用以紧密地结合前开口。支撑板位于主要隔间中,且承载极紫外光光掩模盒。当前开口的盖体附接于本体上时,夹持部件夹持极紫外光光掩模盒,而当前开口的盖体离开本体时,夹持部件松开极紫外光光掩模盒。在一实施例中,第二前开式传送盒还包含位于支撑板与本体之间的吸震器。在一实施例中,半导体晶片的直径大约为300mm。
在又一示例性方面,本发明实施例针对光掩模运输的方法,其包含提供连接第一位置及第二位置的悬吊式输送系统,自位于第一位置的光掩模仓库取出光掩模,将光掩模包覆在光掩模盒中,将光掩模盒包覆在前开式传送盒中,其中前开式传送盒包含闩锁部件以固定位于其中的光掩模盒,以及连接至悬吊式输送系统载具的升降部件,借由连接至升降部件的载具升降前开式传送盒,将前开式传送盒自第一位置运送至第二位置,自前开式传送盒取出光掩模盒,自光掩模盒取出光掩模,以及将光掩模运送至位于第二位置的光刻工具。在一实施例中,光掩模盒是极紫外光光掩模盒,其包含外盒及内盒,且在前开式传送盒运输期间,悬吊式输送系统同时连接另一个包含多个半导体晶片的前开式传送盒。在一实施例中,第一位置及第二位置位于两个不同的建筑物中。
前述内文概述了许多实施例的部件,使本领域技术人员可以从各个方面更加了解本发明实施例。本领域技术人员应可理解,可轻易地以本发明实施例为基础来设计或修饰其他工艺及结构,以实现与在此介绍的实施例相同的目的及/或达到相同的优点。本领域技术人员也应了解,这些等效的结构并未背离本发明的构思与范围。在不背离本发明的构思与范围的前提下,可对本发明实施例进行各种改变、置换及修改。

Claims (1)

1.一种运输容器,包括:
一容器本体,包括一顶壁、一底壁、一后壁及两侧壁,其中所述顶壁、所述底壁、所述后壁及两所述侧壁形成一前开口,且所述前开口供一光掩模盒装载至所述容器本体,或是供所述光掩模盒卸载出所述容器本体;
一盖体,用于打开或关闭所述前开口;以及
一升降板,位于所述容器本体上方,且连接一悬吊式输送系统的一载具。
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