CN109709894B - Numerical control machine tool thermal error software compensation method - Google Patents
Numerical control machine tool thermal error software compensation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a software compensation method for the thermal error of a numerical control machine tool, which can improve the thermal error of the numerical control machine tool from one hundredth millimeter unit to one thousandth millimeter unit; the machining precision is improved, if the machining is interrupted, the machining precision is greatly influenced due to the existence of thermal errors, and the machining precision can be improved by applying the technology; the processing efficiency is improved, under the condition of not performing thermal error compensation, in order to meet the processing precision of the workpiece, the machine is usually started to be heated, and the processing is performed after the processing precision of the workpiece is met, so that a large amount of processing time is occupied in the process, and by applying the technology provided by the invention, the heating process can be omitted, the direct processing is performed, and the processing efficiency is improved; the invention can be used for the whole industry of numerical control processing, has low cost and more qualitative leap effect than the traditional technology, is more convenient to use, and can be quickly installed by only one USB flash disk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machines, in particular to a software compensation method for thermal errors of a numerical control machine.
Background
With the rapid development of modern manufacturing industry, higher requirements are continuously put forward on the machining precision of the numerical control machine tool, and factors influencing the machining precision of the numerical control machine tool are various, but can be mainly classified into four categories: load error, thermal deformation error, servo system error, machine tool structure geometric error and the like in the machining process. Among these factors, thermal deformation error is increasingly attracting attention. The machining precision of the machine tool can be improved, and the thermal deformation error can be reduced in various ways. Prevention and compensation methods are mainly adopted at present. Compensation methods are rapidly developed and generalized due to the limitations of prevention methods. The trend of software as compensation is particularly obvious due to the limitation of hardware, and a compensation method is introduced, namely a pure software compensation method, namely, several groups of programs are used for realizing automatic compensation.
In the traditional thermal error compensation, a thermal error prediction model needs to be established, monitoring mechanisms are additionally arranged in each temperature field in the process to acquire temperature change data, a digital calculation model is established through a large number of processing tests, and finally calculated compensation data are input into a servo system to perform compensation motion. The simple point is that the temperature information is collected, calculated and compensated, real-time compensation is realized, and the compensation amount is larger when the temperature is higher. But this method has not been widespread in the market, mainly because of the hardware reliability of collecting temperature information and computing process compensation data. Such calculations are based on enormous actual process data and hardware reliability, stability, consistency of collected temperatures. The compensation amount of the thermal error is not large, errors possibly generated by collection and calculation exceed the compensation amount, and the compensation results of different machine tools by the same technical method are possibly different due to the difference of the machine tools, so that high-precision compensation is difficult to realize. The research on the thermal compensation error of the numerical control machine reports that the degree of proximity compensation of the traditional method is only 75% -80% of the thermal error.
The soft compensation, also called program compensation, introduced by the application can completely abandon the troubles, and has the advantages of high compensation precision, 0 cost, simple and flexible data acquisition, wide application (can be realized on any numerical control machine tool but has certain requirements on the system, and the program universality is based on the system), and the like, and common users can modify the data by themselves to meet the precision requirement. The thermal error compensation program does not consider the reasons of workpiece size change caused by temperature change, and only pays attention to the result of workpiece outer diameter change regardless of the reasons of main shaft heating, guide rail sliding plate heating, workpiece outer diameter change caused by other heating and the like, the change is generally regarded as X-axis caused, and the compensation value is directly input into an X-axis servo system through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to carry out real-time compensation. The proximity of compensation is at 90% thermal error. The examples made by this program on master walker SZ-206E and SZ-20E2 verified that the system was new 200TB and new 21 TB. The test result is accurate, and the operation is simple. The disadvantage is that the measurement before compensation and the modification of the compensation parameters are carried out for each workpiece change with a very high accuracy. Aiming at the characteristics of the mechanism of the square centering machine, only the thermal error of the X1 axis is obvious, so the compensation program only compensates the thermal error of the X1 axis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a software compensation method for thermal errors of a numerical control machine tool.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a software compensation method for thermal errors of a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, drawing curve diagram at user end
The user side measures the fixed outer diameter of the workpiece in actual processing, the actual processing is that under the condition of not performing any thermal error compensation, data required by a thermal error temperature rise curve and a temperature drop curve are input into corresponding parameters of a system, a client can select general precision or high precision according to the requirement of the client on the processing precision, and if the requirement is high precision, the following percentages in a hot patching program are required to be modified:
@ 1815: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 10 offset and percentage)
@ 1825: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 9 offset and percentage)
@ 1835: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 8 offset and percentage)
@ 1845: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 7 offset and percentage)
@ 1855: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 6 offset and percentage)
@ 1865: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 5 offset and percentage)
@ 1875: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 4 offset and percentage)
@ 1885: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 3 offset and percentage)
@ 1895: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 2 offset and percentage)
@ 1905: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 1 offset and percentage);
s2, system PLC processing action
a, processing timing conditions by the system PLC: setting a timer @601 and a timer @602, wherein the timer @601 is added according to normal time during processing and is reduced according to the proportion of the parameter 3434 to the parameter 3437 during non-processing, the maximum value is equal to the parameter 3434, and the minimum value is equal to 0; shutdown reservation; when the @602 is processed according to normal time, when the @601 is equal to 0, the @602 is equal to 0, and the machine is kept in shutdown;
b, the system PLC processes the shutdown time, respectively reads and writes the time before shutdown, including year, month, day, time, minute and second, at the designated address, automatically runs after startup, and subtracts the operation result from @601, namely subtracts the year, month, day, time, minute and second before shutdown according to the current year, month, day, time, minute and second to calculate the shutdown time, wherein the shutdown time is equivalent to the non-processing time, and only the shutdown PLC cannot run;
and c, running a hot patch program by the PLC of the system: when a machining starting key is pressed once, the PLC background runs a hot patch program once, and when continuous machining is carried out, the time unit is a parameter 3435 at intervals, and the PLC background runs the hot patch program once;
d, processing the compensation action by the system PLC: when the hot patching program is operated once, the calculation result is directly assigned to the X-axis servo to carry out real-time compensation;
s3, hot patch program constitution
a, extracting each corresponding parameter value as a known calculation condition, and calculating according to current values of timers @601 and @ 602;
b, establishing a temperature rise and temperature fall curve model: the curve is divided into 10 straight lines, and each segment is divided into a plurality of segments according to the parameter 3434/the parameter 3435/10;
c, calculating: selecting a temperature rise curve or a temperature drop curve according to the value @602, calculating the current compensation amount according to the value @601 of the timer, and setting conditions that the machine tool is normally machined after being heated, the time of a cold machine or the time of a hot machine does not reach needs compensation, and the time of the hot machine does not reach compensation;
d, directly incorporating the shape change of the workpiece into calculation, removing errors caused by various machine tool mechanism reasons from the calculation result, and realizing the method on any machine tool;
s4, thermal error compensation operation method
The PLC of the system with the thermal error compensation function replaces the previous PLC, the hot compensation program is copied into the machine tool, the parameters 3434, 3435, 3436 and 3437 are assigned according to requirements by combining with a time calculation program in the machine tool, the switching program is modified, and the function is selected to be used or not used.
Further, the temperature-raising curve in step S1 includes a general-precision temperature-raising curve and a high-precision temperature-raising curve, and the temperature-lowering curve includes a general-precision temperature-lowering curve and a high-precision temperature-lowering curve;
the general precision is according to the requirement of the curve model, the temperature rise period is equally divided into 10 sections, and the percentage of the outer diameter variable quantity corresponding to each time section is the same;
the high precision requires the actual percentage corresponding to each period of time, and the method is as follows:
heating, respectively measuring each workpiece manufactured in the time of the parameter 3434 in sequence, measuring the outer diameter difference of each adjacent workpiece, and calculating the percentage according to the processing time of each workpiece, wherein the closer the processing time of the workpiece is to the parameter 3434/10N, the more accurate the calculation is;
cooling, continuously processing, stopping the machine after a timer @601> is equal to a parameter 3434, and stopping the machine without stopping the machine for the following time: the method comprises the steps of processing the workpiece after @10817 x 1/10, @10817 x 2/10, @10817 x 3/10, @10817 x 4/10, @10817 x 5/10, @10817 x 6/10, @10817 x 7/10, @10817 x 8/10, @10817 x 9/10 and @10817 x 10/10, measuring the difference between the outer diameters of every two adjacent workpieces, and dividing the difference by a parameter 3436 to calculate the percentage of thermal errors in each time period.
Further, the system PLC in the step S2 processes some actions or creates a necessary condition to become a known condition of the step S3.
Further, the hot patch program content includes the curve graph model described in step S1 and necessary operations, step S1 and step S2 are to create calculation conditions and bases for step S3, and the result of the calculation in step S3 is assigned to the servo system through step S2.
Furthermore, the heating and cooling time in the hot patch program is different, the total amount of thermal error change of heating and cooling in the hot patch program is the same, and the end points of the heating and cooling curves are at one point.
Furthermore, the starting points of the heating curves and the cooling curves in the hot patch program are the same, and the address characters used by the heating curves and the cooling curves are the same.
Further, the user in the hot patch program can adjust the parameter 3435 to change the compensation times according to the actual requirement, and the calculation method is as follows: the parameter 3434/parameter 3435 is an integral multiple of 10, and the smaller the value is, the more the compensation times are; considering the system identification accuracy of 1/1000 mm, the set value of the parameter 3435 refers to: parameter 3436/(parameter 3434/parameter 3435) ≈ 1.
The invention provides a numerical control machine tool thermal error software compensation method, which has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can improve the thermal error of the numerical control machine tool from one hundredth millimeter unit to one thousandth millimeter unit;
2. the machining precision is improved, if the machining is interrupted, the machining precision is greatly influenced due to the existence of thermal errors, and the machining precision can be improved by applying the technology;
3. the processing efficiency is improved, under the condition of not performing thermal error compensation, in order to meet the processing precision of the workpiece, the machine is usually started to be heated, and the processing is performed after the processing precision of the workpiece is met, so that a large amount of processing time is occupied in the process, and by applying the technology provided by the invention, the heating process can be omitted, the direct processing is performed, and the processing efficiency is improved;
4. the invention can be used for the whole industry of numerical control processing, has low cost and more qualitative leap effect than the traditional technology, is more convenient to use, and can be quickly installed by only one USB flash disk.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal error temperature rise curve and a temperature fall curve of the numerical control machine tool thermal error software compensation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
A software compensation method for thermal errors of a numerical control machine tool comprises the following steps:
s1, drawing curve diagram at user end
The user side measures the fixed outer diameter of the workpiece in actual processing, the actual processing is that under the condition of not performing any thermal error compensation, data required by a thermal error temperature rise curve and a temperature drop curve are input into corresponding parameters of a system, a client can select general precision or high precision according to the requirement of the client on the processing precision, and if the requirement is high precision, the following percentages in a hot patching program are required to be modified:
@ 1815: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 10 offset and percentage)
@ 1825: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 9 offset and percentage)
@ 1835: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 8 offset and percentage)
@ 1845: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 7 offset and percentage)
@ 1855: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 6 offset and percentage)
@ 1865: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 5 offset and percentage)
@ 1875: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 4 offset and percentage)
@ 1885: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 3 offset and percentage)
@ 1895: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 2 offset and percentage)
@ 1905: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 1 offset and percentage);
s2, system PLC processing action
a, processing timing conditions by the system PLC: setting a timer @601 and a timer @602, wherein the timer @601 is added according to normal time during processing and is reduced according to the proportion of the parameter 3434 to the parameter 3437 during non-processing, the maximum value is equal to the parameter 3434, and the minimum value is equal to 0; shutdown reservation; when the @602 is processed according to normal time, when the @601 is equal to 0, the @602 is equal to 0, and the machine is kept in shutdown;
b, the system PLC processes the shutdown time, respectively reads and writes the time before shutdown, including year, month, day, time, minute and second, at the designated address, automatically runs after startup, and subtracts the operation result from @601, namely subtracts the year, month, day, time, minute and second before shutdown according to the current year, month, day, time, minute and second to calculate the shutdown time, wherein the shutdown time is equivalent to the non-processing time, and only the shutdown PLC cannot run;
and c, running a hot patch program by the PLC of the system: when a machining starting key is pressed once, the PLC background runs a hot patch program once, and when continuous machining is carried out, the time unit is a parameter 3435 at intervals, and the PLC background runs the hot patch program once;
d, processing the compensation action by the system PLC: when the hot patching program is operated once, the calculation result is directly assigned to the X-axis servo to carry out real-time compensation;
s3, hot patch program constitution
a, extracting each corresponding parameter value as a known calculation condition, and calculating according to current values of timers @601 and @ 602;
b, establishing a temperature rise and temperature fall curve model: the curve is divided into 10 straight lines, and each segment is divided into a plurality of segments according to the parameter 3434/the parameter 3435/10;
c, calculating: selecting a temperature rise curve or a temperature drop curve according to the value @602, calculating the current compensation amount according to the value @601 of the timer, and setting conditions that the machine tool is normally machined after being heated, the time of a cold machine or the time of a hot machine does not reach needs compensation, and the time of the hot machine does not reach compensation;
d, directly incorporating the shape change of the workpiece into calculation, removing errors caused by various machine tool mechanism reasons from the calculation result, and realizing the method on any machine tool;
s4, thermal error compensation operation method
The PLC of the system with the thermal error compensation function replaces the previous PLC, the hot compensation program is copied into the machine tool, the parameters 3434, 3435, 3436 and 3437 are assigned according to requirements by combining with a time calculation program in the machine tool, the switching program is modified, and the function is selected to be used or not used.
The temperature-raising curve in the step S1 includes a general-precision temperature-raising curve and a high-precision temperature-raising curve, and the temperature-lowering curve includes a general-precision temperature-lowering curve and a high-precision temperature-lowering curve;
the general precision is according to the requirement of the curve model, the temperature rise period is equally divided into 10 sections, and the percentage of the outer diameter variable quantity corresponding to each time section is the same;
the high precision requires the actual percentage corresponding to each period of time, and the method is as follows:
heating, respectively measuring each workpiece manufactured in the time of the parameter 3434 in sequence, measuring the outer diameter difference of each adjacent workpiece, and calculating the percentage according to the processing time of each workpiece, wherein the closer the processing time of the workpiece is to the parameter 3434/10N, the more accurate the calculation is;
cooling, continuously processing, stopping the machine after a timer @601> is equal to a parameter 3434, and stopping the machine without stopping the machine for the following time: the method comprises the steps of processing @10817 x 1/10, @10817 x 2/10, @10817 x 3/10, @10817 x 4/10, @10817 x 5/10, @10817 x 6/10, @10817 x 7/10, @10817 x 8/10, @10817 x 9/10 and @10817 x 10/10, measuring the outer diameter difference of each two adjacent workpieces, and dividing the difference by a parameter 3436(@10816) to calculate the percentage of thermal errors in each time period.
The system PLC in step S2 processes some actions or creates a necessary condition to become a known condition in step S3.
The hot-patch program content comprises a curve diagram model described in the step S1 and necessary operations, the program is the center of the thermal error software compensation technology, the steps S1 and S2 create calculation conditions and bases for the step S3, but the step S2 part of actions are related to the step S3, the result of the S3 calculation cannot be directly assigned to the servo system, and the step S2 part of functions are assigned to the servo system.
The heating and cooling times in the hot patch procedure are different, but the total amount of thermal error change is the same, so that the end points of the heating and cooling curves are at one point.
In the hot patch procedure, the temperature rise and temperature fall curves are different, but the starting points are the same, and in step S1, the temperature rise and temperature fall curves are distinguished, and the numerical values are different, but the address characters used are the same.
In the hot patch procedure, a user can freely adjust the parameter 3435 according to actual requirements to change the compensation times, and the calculation mode is as follows: the parameter 3434/parameter 3435 is an integral multiple of 10, and the smaller the value is, the more the compensation times are; considering the system identification accuracy of 1/1000 mm, the set value of the parameter 3435 refers to: parameter 3436/(parameter 3434/parameter 3435) ≈ 1.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A numerical control machine tool thermal error software compensation method is based on a new generation 200TB or a new generation 21TB system, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drawing curve diagram at user end
The user side measures the fixed outer diameter of the workpiece in actual processing, the actual processing is that under the condition of not performing any thermal error compensation, data required by a thermal error temperature rise curve and a temperature drop curve are input into corresponding parameters of a system, a client can select general precision or high precision according to the requirement of the client on the processing precision, and if the requirement is high precision, the following percentages in a hot patching program are required to be modified:
@ 1815: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 10 offset and percentage)
@ 1825: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 9 offset and percentage)
@ 1835: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 8 offset and percentage)
@ 1845: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 7 offset and percentage)
@ 1855: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 6 offset and percentage)
@ 1865: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 5 offset and percentage)
@ 1875: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 4 offset and percentage)
@ 1885: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 3 offset and percentage)
@ 1895: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 2 offset and percentage)
@ 1905: 0.1 @ 1701; /(phase 1 offset and percentage);
s2, system PLC processing action
a, processing timing conditions by the system PLC: setting a timer @601 and a timer @602, wherein the timer @601 is added according to normal time during processing and is reduced according to the proportion of the parameter 3434 to the parameter 3437 during non-processing, the maximum value is equal to the parameter 3434, and the minimum value is equal to 0; shutdown reservation; when the @602 is processed according to normal time, when the @601 is equal to 0, the @602 is equal to 0, and the machine is kept in shutdown;
b, the system PLC processes the shutdown time, respectively reads and writes the time before shutdown, including year, month, day, time, minute and second, at the designated address, automatically runs after startup, and subtracts the operation result from @601, namely subtracts the year, month, day, time, minute and second before shutdown according to the current year, month, day, time, minute and second to calculate the shutdown time, wherein the shutdown time is equivalent to the non-processing time, and only the shutdown PLC cannot run;
and c, running a hot patch program by the PLC of the system: when a machining starting key is pressed once, the PLC background runs a hot patch program once, and when continuous machining is carried out, the time unit is a parameter 3435 at intervals, and the PLC background runs the hot patch program once;
d, processing the compensation action by the system PLC: when the hot patching program is operated once, the calculation result is directly assigned to the X-axis servo to carry out real-time compensation;
s3, hot patch program constitution
a, extracting each corresponding parameter value as a known calculation condition, and calculating according to current values of timers @601 and @ 602;
b, establishing a temperature rise and temperature fall curve model: the curve is divided into 10 straight lines, and each segment is divided into a plurality of segments according to the parameter 3434/the parameter 3435/10;
c, calculating: selecting a temperature rise curve or a temperature drop curve according to the value @602, calculating the current compensation amount according to the value @601 of the timer, and setting conditions that the machine tool is normally machined after being heated, the time of a cold machine or the time of a hot machine does not reach needs compensation, and the time of the hot machine does not reach compensation;
s4, thermal error compensation operation method
The PLC of the system with the thermal error compensation function replaces the previous PLC, the hot compensation program is copied into the machine tool, the parameters 3434, 3435, 3436 and 3437 are assigned according to requirements by combining with a time calculation program in the machine tool, the switching program is modified, and the function is selected to be used or not used.
2. The method for software compensation of thermal error of numerical control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-increasing curve in step S1 includes a general-precision temperature-increasing curve and a high-precision temperature-increasing curve, and the temperature-decreasing curve includes a general-precision temperature-decreasing curve and a high-precision temperature-decreasing curve;
the general precision is according to the requirement of the curve model, the temperature rise period is equally divided into 10 sections, and the percentage of the outer diameter variable quantity corresponding to each time section is the same;
the high precision requires the actual percentage corresponding to each period of time, and the method is as follows:
heating, respectively measuring each workpiece manufactured in the time of the parameter 3434 in sequence, measuring the outer diameter difference of each adjacent workpiece, and calculating the percentage according to the processing time of each workpiece, wherein the closer the processing time of the workpiece is to the parameter 3434/10N, the more accurate the calculation is;
cooling, continuously processing, stopping the machine after a timer @601> is equal to a parameter 3434, and stopping the machine without stopping the machine for the following time: the method comprises the steps of processing the workpiece after @10817 x 1/10, @10817 x 2/10, @10817 x 3/10, @10817 x 4/10, @10817 x 5/10, @10817 x 6/10, @10817 x 7/10, @10817 x 8/10, @10817 x 9/10 and @10817 x 10/10, measuring the difference between the outer diameters of every two adjacent workpieces, and dividing the difference by a parameter 3436 to calculate the percentage of thermal errors in each time period.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot-patch procedure comprises a curve model and necessary operations described in step S1, steps S1 and S2 create calculation conditions and bases for step S3, and the result of the calculation in step S3 is assigned to the servo system through step S2.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the starting points of the temperature rise and decrease curves in the hot-patch procedure are the same, and the address characters used by the temperature rise and decrease curves are the same.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compensation times of the thermal error software of the numerical control machine tool can be changed by a user by adjusting the parameter 3435 according to the actual requirement, and the calculation method is as follows: the parameter 3434/parameter 3435 is an integral multiple of 10, and the smaller the value is, the more the compensation times are; considering the system identification accuracy of 1/1000 mm, the set value of the parameter 3435 refers to: parameter 3436/(parameter 3434/parameter 3435) ≈ 1.
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