CN109699023A - The automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing method - Google Patents
The automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109699023A CN109699023A CN201811519882.7A CN201811519882A CN109699023A CN 109699023 A CN109699023 A CN 109699023A CN 201811519882 A CN201811519882 A CN 201811519882A CN 109699023 A CN109699023 A CN 109699023A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- test
- testing procedure
- assignment
- automatic
- result
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/42—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for mass transport vehicles, e.g. buses, trains or aircraft
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
- H04W28/065—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information using assembly or disassembly of packets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing methods, it include: automatic testing engine from background data base read test data, test data is packaged into test assignment object according to scheduled rule, and is handed down to related simulated test device;It is parsed by related simulated test device, it extracts test instruction and is sent to tested real equipment execution, and the acknowledgement information that tested real equipment returns is compared with the desired value in test assignment object, it generates test result object concurrency and gives automatic testing engine, automatic testing engine is parsed after receiving, and the test result that parsing is obtained backfills background data base.In the above method, interactive testing task and test result between automatic testing engine and simulated test device, test result generate in each related simulated test device, and automatic testing engine and test are logically independent, it is versatile, conducive to the load balancing of automatic testing engine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway equipment automatic test technology fields more particularly to a kind of high-speed rail signalling arrangement to test number automatically
According to encapsulation and processing method.
Background technique
High-speed rail train control system key signal equipment mainly includes interlocking (CBI), train control center (TCC), radio block center
(RBC) and temporary speed limitation server (TSRS).The connection of these device software logical AND route site types is close, carries out in engineer application
It is related to mass data establishment when software design, the data test and interface testing work for being largely directed to organized data is generated in test
Make.
At present both at home and abroad to the test of high-speed rail signalling arrangement based on manual testing, some equipment (such as CBI and TCC)
Partial test item realizes the data-driven based on test script and tests automatically, i.e. test data and test script separation, by surveying
Data-driven test script is tried, testing and control is carried out to measurand.
By taking TCC is tested automatically as an example (as shown in Figure 1), automatic testing engine obtains data from background data base, is converted into
Test instruction is sent to simulated test device (emulation CBI/ faces station TCC/TSRS/IO), and test instruction is sent to by test equipment
It is tested true TCC equipment, after the acknowledgement information for receiving equipment under test, acknowledgement information is sent to automatic test and drawn by test equipment
It holds up;Automatic testing engine carries out acknowledgement information and desired value to provide test result after result compares.However the defect of the program
Be: 1) the corresponding test instruction of different test equipments and acknowledgement information are different, in automatic testing engine and simulated test device
It is required to handle test instruction and test acknowledgement information, system overall complexity is high.2) test acknowledgement information and expectation
The comparison of value carries out in automatic testing engine, causes automatic testing engine to couple closely with test logic, poor universality.3) certainly
Dynamic testing engine logic business is excessively concentrated, and when test equipment quantity is more, is unfavorable for server where automatic testing engine
Load balancing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing methods, are surveying automatically
Interactive testing task and test result between engine and simulated test device are tried, test result is in each related simulated test device
It generating, automatic testing engine and test are logically independent, and it is versatile, conducive to the load balancing of automatic testing engine.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing method, comprising:
Test data is packaged into survey from background data base read test data, according to scheduled rule by automatic testing engine
Task object is tried, and is handed down to related simulated test device;
It is parsed by related simulated test device, extracts test instruction and is sent to tested real equipment and execute, and will be by
It surveys the acknowledgement information that real equipment returns to be compared with the desired value in test assignment object, generates test result object concurrency
Automatic testing engine is given, automatic testing engine is parsed after receiving, and the test result that parsing is obtained backfills back-end data
Library.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, test data is packaged into test assignment object, tested
Data execute conclusion packaging and testing test result object, can be packaged to the test data of different equipment under tests, versatility
By force;Meanwhile acknowledgement information carries out in simulated test device compared with desired value, automatic testing engine is merely responsible for test assignment
Distribution and test result record, with test logic it is mutually indepedent, adapt to different types of simulated test device, also,
Automatic Test driver engine service logic is simplified, conducive to the load balancing of automatic testing engine.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the data-driven based on test script that background of invention provides is tested automatically;
Fig. 2 is showing for a kind of automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement provided in an embodiment of the present invention and processing method
It is intended to;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of test assignment object provided in an embodiment of the present invention and corresponding testing procedure information;
Fig. 4 is execution status of task transition diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is test assignment processing schematic provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of test result object provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing method, as shown in Fig. 2,
It is specifically included that
Test data is packaged into survey from background data base read test data, according to scheduled rule by automatic testing engine
Task object is tried, and is handed down to related simulated test device.
It is parsed by related simulated test device, extracts test instruction and is sent to tested real equipment and execute, and will be by
It surveys the acknowledgement information that real equipment returns to be compared with the desired value in test assignment object, generates test result object concurrency
Automatic testing engine is given, automatic testing engine is parsed after receiving, and the test result that parsing is obtained backfills back-end data
Library.
As shown in figure 3, the test assignment object specifically includes that task number, test object type, test object are compiled
Number, testing procedure queue.When related simulated test device receives test assignment object and executes test assignment, appoint in test
It is engaged in marking task execution moment and execution status of task in object.Wherein:
The task number is the unique sequence numbers for identifying test assignment.
The test object type, for identifying the type of simulated test device corresponding to test assignment.
The test object number, for identifying the device numbering of related simulated test device.
The testing procedure queue, comprising one or more testing procedure information, packaged testing procedure information is by suitable
Sequence forms queue, and dequeue sequence executes testing procedure information one by one when executing test assignment.
The task execution moment has recorded the execution moment of the testing procedure information of current dequeue, believes for testing procedure
The execution time-out of breath calculates.
Execution status of task identifies four kinds of states of current test assignment: being ready to carry out state, waiting-timeout state, holds
Row timeout mode and the state that is finished;As shown in figure 4, after testing procedure information dequeue (T1), current test assignment default
In being ready to carry out state;(T2) is converted to waiting-timeout state when simulated test device asynchronous execution testing procedure;If overtime
Implementing result (T4) is not returned, is converted to execution timeout mode, is terminated test assignment (T7);Receive testing procedure implementing result and
Current test assignment is converted to the state of being ready to carry out there are also follow-up test step (T5);It receives testing procedure implementing result and works as
Preceding test assignment is converted to the state of being finished without follow-up test step (T3), terminates test assignment (T6).
Test assignment treatment process, as shown in figure 5, test assignment default conditions are to be ready to carry out state, emulation testing is set
It is standby receive test assignment after be stored in test assignment queue.When test assignment handles thread operation, if test assignment queue is non-
Sky then obtains test assignment.If current task is the state that is ready to carry out, testing procedure queue goes out team's acquisition testing procedure and goes forward side by side
Line asynchronous processing, task current state are set as waiting-timeout state, and current test assignment is added test assignment queue tail of the queue, prolongs
When after wait again go out team;If asynchronous process implementing result returns, and testing procedure queue not empty, then it is subsequent to continue asynchronous process
Otherwise testing procedure generates test result, setting task status is the state that is finished, and terminates when predecessor tests business and executes;If
Time-out is executed, generating test result is the test result for executing time-out, and current test assignment execution terminates;Otherwise current test is appointed
Test assignment queue tail of the queue is added in business, waits after delay and goes out team again.
Fig. 3 is seen also, the testing procedure information includes: data direction, test content and overtime duration;Wherein:
Data direction is test instruction or expectation acknowledgement information for identifying testing procedure information;
Test content is binary system byte fluxion group, has recorded the test that simulated test device is sent to tested real equipment
Instruction or tested real equipment return to the expectation acknowledgement information of simulated test device;
Overtime duration has recorded testing procedure information and executes waiting time.
As shown in fig. 6, the test result object includes: task number, test result and text information;Wherein:
Task number corresponds to the task number in test assignment object, after automatic testing engine receives test result object
Corresponding test assignment is searched according to the serial number;
Test result includes running succeeded, executing failure and execute overtime three values, has recorded acknowledgement information comparison result
And test assignment executes overtime result;
Text information has recorded the log information that simulated test device generates in test assignment implementation procedure.
Above scheme of the embodiment of the present invention mainly obtain it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, test data being packaged into test assignment object, test data executes conclusion packaging and testing test result object,
The test data of different equipment under tests can be packaged, it is versatile.
2, acknowledgement information carries out in simulated test device compared with desired value, and automatic testing engine is merely responsible for test and appoints
The distribution of business and the record of test result, it is mutually indepedent with test logic, different types of simulated test device is adapted to, and
And automatic Test driver engine service logic is simplified, conducive to the load balancing of automatic testing engine.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that above-described embodiment can
The mode of necessary general hardware platform can also be added to realize by software by software realization.Based on this understanding,
The technical solution of above-described embodiment can be embodied in the form of software products, which can store non-easy at one
In the property lost storage medium (can be CD-ROM, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk etc.), including some instructions are with so that a computer is set
Standby (can be personal computer, server or the network equipment etc.) executes method described in each embodiment of the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of automatic test data of high-speed rail signalling arrangement encapsulates and processing method characterized by comprising
Test data is packaged into test according to scheduled rule and appointed by automatic testing engine from background data base read test data
Business object, and it is handed down to related simulated test device;
It is parsed by related simulated test device, extracts test instruction and be sent to tested real equipment execution, and will be tested true
The acknowledgement information that real equipment returns is compared with the desired value in test assignment object, generates test result object concurrency and gives
Automatic testing engine, automatic testing engine are parsed after receiving, and the test result that parsing is obtained backfills background data base.
2. the automatic test data of a kind of high-speed rail signalling arrangement according to claim 1 encapsulates and processing method, feature exist
In the test assignment object includes: task number, test object type, test object number and testing procedure queue;When
When related simulated test device receives test assignment object and executes test assignment, task is marked to hold in test assignment object
Row moment and execution status of task;Wherein:
The task number is the unique sequence numbers for identifying test assignment;
The test object type, for identifying the type of simulated test device corresponding to test assignment;
The test object number, for identifying the device numbering of related simulated test device;
The testing procedure queue, comprising one or more testing procedure information, packaged testing procedure information group in order
At queue, dequeue sequence executes testing procedure information one by one when executing test assignment;
The task execution moment has recorded the execution moment of the testing procedure information of current dequeue, for testing procedure information
Time-out is executed to calculate;
Execution status of task identifies four kinds of states of current test assignment: be ready to carry out state, waiting-timeout state, execute it is super
When state and be finished state;After testing procedure information dequeue, current test assignment default, which is in, is ready to carry out state;It is imitative
Waiting-timeout state is converted to when true test equipment asynchronous execution testing procedure;If time-out does not return to implementing result, is converted to and holds
Row timeout mode terminates test assignment;It receives testing procedure implementing result and current test assignment is there are also follow-up test step, turn
It is changed to the state of being ready to carry out;It receives testing procedure implementing result and current test assignment is without follow-up test step, be converted to execution
State is finished, test assignment is terminated.
3. the automatic test data of a kind of high-speed rail signalling arrangement according to claim 2 encapsulates and processing method, feature exist
In the testing procedure information includes: data direction, test content and overtime duration;Wherein:
Data direction is test instruction or expectation acknowledgement information for identifying testing procedure information;
Test content is binary system byte fluxion group, has recorded simulated test device and is sent to the test of tested real equipment and refers to
Order or tested real equipment return to the expectation acknowledgement information of simulated test device;
Overtime duration has recorded testing procedure information and executes waiting time.
4. the automatic test data of a kind of high-speed rail signalling arrangement according to claim 1 encapsulates and processing method, feature exist
In the test result object includes: task number, test result and text information;Wherein:
Task number corresponds to the task number in test assignment object;
Test result includes running succeeded, executing failure and execute overtime three values, has recorded acknowledgement information comparison result and survey
Try task execution time-out result;
Text information has recorded the log information that simulated test device generates in test assignment implementation procedure.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811519882.7A CN109699023B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Automatic test data packaging and processing method for high-speed rail signal equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811519882.7A CN109699023B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Automatic test data packaging and processing method for high-speed rail signal equipment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109699023A true CN109699023A (en) | 2019-04-30 |
CN109699023B CN109699023B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
Family
ID=66231595
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811519882.7A Active CN109699023B (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Automatic test data packaging and processing method for high-speed rail signal equipment |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109699023B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111679990A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Test data generation method and device, readable medium and electronic equipment |
CN113485881A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Testing method and device of temporary speed limiting server, electronic equipment and medium |
CN114328187A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Automatic test method for aviation airborne equipment and engine architecture device thereof |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101650221A (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-02-17 | 中南大学 | Method for measuring and analyzing noise in train and system thereof |
CN102354209A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-02-15 | 北京和利时系统工程有限公司 | Test device and method for train control system |
CN103926843A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-16 | 卡斯柯信号有限公司 | General simulation method and system for rail transit signal system |
CN107885095A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-04-06 | 浙江浙大列车智能化工程技术研究中心有限公司 | CBTC system automations test device and its method of testing |
CN107992624A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-04 | 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Parse method, apparatus, storage medium and the terminal device of serialized data |
CN108153165A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-12 | 中国铁路总公司 | A kind of emulation test method and device of marshaling yard complex automatic system |
CN108170124A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-15 | 中国铁道科学研究院通信信号研究所 | A kind of test script automatic creation system and method based on row control project data |
US20180283991A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Alstom Transport Technologies | Experimental simulation process, for obtaining information relative to the reliability of an automatic passenger access door |
-
2018
- 2018-12-12 CN CN201811519882.7A patent/CN109699023B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101650221A (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2010-02-17 | 中南大学 | Method for measuring and analyzing noise in train and system thereof |
CN102354209A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-02-15 | 北京和利时系统工程有限公司 | Test device and method for train control system |
CN103926843A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-16 | 卡斯柯信号有限公司 | General simulation method and system for rail transit signal system |
US20180283991A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Alstom Transport Technologies | Experimental simulation process, for obtaining information relative to the reliability of an automatic passenger access door |
CN107885095A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-04-06 | 浙江浙大列车智能化工程技术研究中心有限公司 | CBTC system automations test device and its method of testing |
CN108153165A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-06-12 | 中国铁路总公司 | A kind of emulation test method and device of marshaling yard complex automatic system |
CN108170124A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-15 | 中国铁道科学研究院通信信号研究所 | A kind of test script automatic creation system and method based on row control project data |
CN107992624A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-04 | 百度在线网络技术(北京)有限公司 | Parse method, apparatus, storage medium and the terminal device of serialized data |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
Z. TANG等: "Research on the structure of high-speed train fatigue simulation platform", 《 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT COMPUTING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS》 * |
朱志承等: "车载软件自动测试系统的设计与实现", 《铁路通信信号工程技术》 * |
李士祥: "TSRS-YH型临时限速服务器仿真平台研发", 《铁道通信信号》 * |
邹永昌: "CTCS-3级列控中心测试平台驱采接口的设计", 《机电一体化》 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111679990A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Test data generation method and device, readable medium and electronic equipment |
CN111679990B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2023-08-08 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Test data generation method and device, readable medium and electronic equipment |
CN113485881A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Testing method and device of temporary speed limiting server, electronic equipment and medium |
CN113485881B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2024-04-26 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Test method and device of temporary speed limiting server, electronic equipment and medium |
CN114328187A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Automatic test method for aviation airborne equipment and engine architecture device thereof |
CN114328187B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-01-26 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Automatic test method for aviation onboard equipment and engine architecture device thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109699023B (en) | 2022-02-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109699023A (en) | The automatic test data encapsulation of high-speed rail signalling arrangement and processing method | |
CN106777101B (en) | Data processing engine | |
CN106095601B (en) | A kind of multi-course concurrency resolves differential server system and its implementation | |
US20120143588A1 (en) | Concurrent workload simulation for application performance testing | |
CN107463357B (en) | Task scheduling system, scheduling method, braking simulation system and simulation method | |
CN104021080A (en) | Automatic testing system based on custom scripts | |
CN106682036A (en) | Data exchange system and exchange method thereof | |
CN102096410B (en) | Dynamic function test method of high-speed train operation control system | |
CN109831520A (en) | A kind of timed task dispatching method and relevant apparatus | |
CN112260877A (en) | AI-based RPA robot management method, platform and storage medium | |
CN112765020A (en) | Automatic testing method of computer interlocking system | |
US7310798B1 (en) | Simulator tool for testing software in development process | |
CN105653401A (en) | Method and device for scheduling disaster recovery, operation and maintenance, monitoring and emergency start-stop of application systems | |
CN106294121B (en) | The embedded real-time diagnosis reasoning algorithm test method of aircraft | |
CN110471857A (en) | The automatic test approach and device of artificial intelligence model performance capability | |
CN107391378A (en) | The generation method and device of a kind of test script | |
CN114238077A (en) | Automatic test task arranging system and method | |
CN113485881A (en) | Testing method and device of temporary speed limiting server, electronic equipment and medium | |
CN114896108A (en) | Test verification system | |
CN110750445A (en) | Method, system and equipment for testing high-availability function of YARN component | |
CN109753048A (en) | The automatic Test driver automotive engine system of high-speed rail signalling arrangement | |
CN109947642A (en) | Automated hierarchical test method based on case classification, apparatus and system | |
CN110209565A (en) | A kind of metadata schema adjustment method and its device | |
US20110046938A1 (en) | Verification apparatus and design verification program | |
CN116627609A (en) | Hive batch processing-based scheduling method and device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |