CN109696469A - A kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection and device - Google Patents
A kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection and device Download PDFInfo
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- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection and devices, it include: signal generation apparatus and signal transmitting processing unit, signal generation apparatus includes U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand and electromagnetic coil, electromagnetic coil is uniformly installed in U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand, for emitting the signal of processing unit transmitting according to signal, the acquisition of induced voltage signal is carried out to high-speed rail wheel；Signal emits processing unit and module occurs to generate the alternating sinusoidal pumping signal of fixed frequency phase by pumping signal, power amplifier module amplifies pumping signal, channel switching module carries out gating switching to electromagnetic coil, the induced voltage signal that signal conditioning module exports electromagnetic coil is amplified and is filtered, and is handled finally by data collecting module collected to data processing display module.High speed, online, effective, non-contacting rapid field detection may be implemented in the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nondestructive inspection fields of high-speed rail wheel more particularly to a kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic to detect a flaw
Method and device.
Background technique
Wheel is as the most important components of bullet train, and the load transmission for being responsible for vehicle to bear is to rail, in locomotive
When braking, it bears the effect of braking brake disk again, thus the work of high-speed rail wheel is under extremely complex stress state.Especially
Reach 350 kilometers/hour of train for speed per hour, wheel subjects huge pressure, therefore the superiority and inferiority of its quality of production is direct
It is related to the operational safety of high-speed rail and the security of the lives and property of passenger.
Since wheel surface crackle diffusion velocity is fast, so that wheel is generated the failures such as fatigue crack, even result in wheel and collapse
It ruins, causes serious accident.Therefore the little by little crackle on wheel, which can all drive safely to train, has an immense impact on.To height
The nondestructive inspection in iron Wheel Fatigue region, in time find wheel condition simultaneously take corresponding measure, be at present it is urgently to be resolved concerning
The emphasis research topic of the people's livelihood.Ultrasonic inspection, electromagnetic eddy flaw detection, magnetic powder inspection, radiographic inspection etc. are in the prior art at present
The non-destructive testing technology used.Wherein, ultrasonic inspection precision is higher, and investigation depth is deep, can detecte out the big portion of high-speed rail wheel
Divide defect, but it needs couplant, and needs and wheel close contact, this reduces its rate of detecting a flaw, it is difficult in fact
Application under present High-speed Circumstance.In addition, ultrasonic inspection the defect to wheel surface and superficial face can not carry out effectively well
Detection, there is check frequencies.Compared to ultrasonic detecting technology, electromagnetic eddy detection with wheel without contacting, it can be achieved that high
Speed detection, the surface and superficial planar defect to wheel tread, wheel rim are sensitive.Therefore electromagnetic eddy detection technique and ultrasound detection skill
Art forms complementation.Magnetic powder inspection shows the distribution of ferrimagnet magnetic flux leakage by means of magnetic powder, can be to high-speed rail wheel surface
And the defect of near surface is detected.But Magnetic testing needs to adjust magnetizing current, needs to demagnetize after detection, cleaning vehicle
It takes turns, not only inefficiency, but also to the more demanding of staff, large labor intensity.Radiographic inspection is expensive, and has spoke
Penetrating property is not suitable for complex industrial field application.
Therefore, in order to realize the quick nondestructive flaw detection to high-speed rail wheel, it is former based on electromagnetic eddy that the invention proposes one kind
The high-speed rail detecting flaw of wheel device of reason.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection and devices, high to high-speed rail wheel to realize
Fast, online, effective and non-contacting rapid field detection.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic failure detector, comprising: signal fills
It sets and emits processing unit with signal；
Signal generation apparatus includes U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand and electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic coil is equal
Even is installed in the U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand, for emitting processing unit transmitting according to the signal
Signal carries out induced voltage signal acquisition to high-speed rail wheel.
Signal transmitting processing unit includes that module, power amplifier module, channel occurs by the pumping signal of circuit connection
Switching module, signal conditioning module, data acquisition module and data processing display module；Module occurs for pumping signal, for producing
The alternating sinusoidal pumping signal of raw fixed frequency phase；Power amplifier module, for being amplified to the pumping signal；It is logical
Road switching module, for carrying out gating switching to the electromagnetic coil；Signal conditioning module, for what is exported to electromagnetic coil
Induced voltage signal is amplified and is filtered；Data acquisition module, induction that treated for acquiring the signal conditioning module
Voltage signal, and collected signal data is uploaded to data processing display module and is handled；Data processing display module,
It is shown for handling the induced voltage signal, and in the form of data or image.
Preferably, it includes signal generator that module, which occurs, for pumping signal.
Preferably, power amplifier module includes current feedback power amplifier.
Preferably, channel switching module includes channel switching chip.
Preferably, signal conditioning module includes programmable amplification chip and filtering chip.
Preferably, data acquisition module includes data acquisition board.
Preferably, data processing display module includes image reconstruction computer.
Preferably, electromagnetic coil is made of 2n coil, wherein n is the integer more than or equal to 3, each electromagnetic coil
It is wound in coil rack by insulated copper wire to form, the diameter of conducting wire is 0.1mm-1mm, and conducting wire the number of turns is 100-1000 circle.
Another aspect provides a kind of application high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic failure detectors to carry out high iron car
Take turns electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection, comprising:
1) signal generation apparatus is mounted on to the top of high-speed rail wheel tread, and tyre tread and two sides apart from high-speed rail
Within 5mm；
2) swashed by the alternating sinusoidal that module generation fixed frequency phase occurs for the pumping signal that signal emits processing unit
Signal is encouraged, power amplifier module amplifies the pumping signal, then gates electromagnetic coil by channel switching module
In a coil as excitation coil, each of remaining coil coil as detection coil successively gate carry out data adopt
Collection, the data acquired each time will carry out signal amplification and filtering by signal conditioning module, and pass through data acquisition module
It is transmitted to data processing display module, data demodulation is carried out to the data received by data processing display module, is demodulated
Amplitude and phase data；
3) it repeats the above steps, until all coils are used as excitation coil；
4) data for projection and sensitivity matrix for all directions that data processing display module is obtained according to measurement, using figure
As algorithm for reconstructing reconstructs the distribution of conductivity of high-speed rail wheel cross section, and defect analysis is carried out, extracts the position of defect
And size.
Further, image reconstruction algorithm includes:
(1) finite element method electromagnetic chromatographic direct problem is utilized, prior information needed for solving inverse problem is obtained,
That is sensitivity matrix S (M × N), wherein M is measurement data number, and N is subdivision unit number, by from U=SG backstepping acquire G,
Wherein U is normalized measured value vector, and G is normalized distribution of conductivity vector；
(2) image reconstruction is carried out according to Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm, acquires the transversal surface conductivity of high-speed rail wheel
Distribution vector, shown in the Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm such as following formula (1):
Gk+1=Gk- α ST(SGk- U) (1)
Wherein, α is relaxation factor, determines iteration step length.
It can be seen by the technical solution that the high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection of aforementioned present invention and device provide
Out, high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic failure detector of the invention and method have it is below the utility model has the advantages that
(1) high speed, online, effective, non-contacting rapid field detection may be implemented, and can be unattended, it is easy to use.
(2) use cost is lower, easy to carry, and can work under complex working condition.
(3) it can be intuitively displayed defect, and carry out defect analysis, extract the positions and dimensions of defect in time.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, these will become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings others
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic failure detector schematic diagram of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is that the signal of embodiment 1 emits processing unit schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand schematic diagram of embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 is the coil rack schematic diagram of embodiment 1
Fig. 5 is the high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection flow chart of embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singular " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that being arranged used in specification of the invention
Diction " comprising " refer to that there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or when " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes one or more associated any cells for listing item and all combinations.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, it will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning.
In order to facilitate understanding of embodiments of the present invention, it is done by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with attached drawing further
Explanation, and each embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic failure detector schematic diagram of the present embodiment, and referring to Fig.1, which includes:
Signal generation apparatus and signal emit processing unit.
Signal generation apparatus includes U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand and electromagnetic coil, and the electromagnetic coil is equal
Even is installed in the U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand, for emitting processing unit transmitting according to the signal
Signal carries out induced voltage signal acquisition to high-speed rail wheel.In use, the peace that U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand is fixed
Loaded on the detection on flaw detection rack, to high-speed rail rim for automobile wheel, tyre tread and wheel rim.Fig. 3 is U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand
Schematic diagram has 2n groove on U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand, 2n coil is successively evenly distributed in referring to Fig. 3
On U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand, n=8.
Fig. 2 is that signal emits processing unit schematic diagram, and referring to Fig. 2, signal transmitting processing unit includes passing through circuit connection
Pumping signal module, power amplifier module, channel switching module, signal conditioning module, data acquisition module and data occur
Handle display module.
Module occurs for pumping signal, for generating the alternating sinusoidal pumping signal of fixed frequency phase；
Power amplifier module, for being amplified to the pumping signal.
Channel switching module, for carrying out gating switching to the electromagnetic coil.
Signal conditioning module, for the induced voltage signal that electromagnetic coil exports to be amplified and filtered；
Data acquisition module, treated for acquiring signal conditioning module induced voltage signal, and will collect
Signal data be uploaded to data processing display module and handled；
Data processing display module, for handling the induced voltage signal, and with data or the shape of image
Formula is shown.
Preferably, it includes signal generator that module, which occurs, for pumping signal.It utilizes direct digital synthesizers (DDS) technology, can
The sine wave exciting signal being repeated cyclically is generated with high precision.The amplitude and frequency of pumping signal can be by computer programming controls
System.
Preferably, power amplifier module includes current feedback power amplifier.It is driven with exporting sufficiently large electric current
The excitation coil of channel switching module gating generates main field.
Preferably, channel switching module includes channel switching chip.It include 16 autonomous channels, they successively with 16
Electromagnetic coil is connected, and one of them for selecting 16 channels using the decoding of four bit address lines is connect with common end.It is logical
Road switching module is for successively gate winding to be as excitation coil, remaining coil is as detection coil, until all coils are equal
Until being used as excitation coil, 2n × (2n-1)/2 measurement data is obtained.Then qualitative or quantitative image reconstruction is utilized
Algorithm, such as Linear back projection (LBP), Tikhonov regularization algorithm, Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm reconstruct
The distribution of conductivity of high-speed rail wheel cross section.
Preferably, signal conditioning module includes programmable amplification chip and filtering chip.
Preferably, data acquisition module includes data acquisition board.
Preferably, data processing display module includes image reconstruction computer.All directions for being obtained according to measurement
Data for projection and sensitivity matrix, the distribution of conductivity of high-speed rail wheel cross section is reconstructed using image reconstruction algorithm, and
Defect analysis is carried out, the positions and dimensions of defect are extracted.
Preferably, electromagnetic coil is made of 2n coil, wherein n is integer more than or equal to 3, each coil by
Insulated copper wire is wound on coil rack, and Fig. 4 is coil rack schematic diagram, and the diameter of conducting wire is 0.1mm-1mm, conducting wire the number of turns
For 100-1000 circle.
Embodiment 2
Electromagnetic chromatography imaging technique is a kind of Novel electric chromatography imaging technique based on electromagnetic induction principle.By to excitation
Coil applies multi-frequency excitation signal, and the excitation main field of alternation will be generated in tested object field.It can be produced in testee
Raw multifrequency Eddy, vortex can induce secondary magnetic again.Coupling occurs for secondary magnetic and main field, generates the magnetic of distortion
?.The distorted magnetic field acts in detection coil, and voltage signal will be induced in detection coil.Successively motivate each line
Circle, other coils successively detect, and can obtain the data for projection of all directions.Finally rebuild using suitable image reconstruction algorithm
The defect distribution of high-speed rail wheel cross section out.
Fig. 5 present embodiments provides a kind of application high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic flaw detection progress high-speed rail wheel electromagnet chromatography
Method of detection flow chart is imaged, comprising:
1) signal generation apparatus is mounted on to the top of high-speed rail wheel tread, and tyre tread and two sides apart from high-speed rail
Within 5mm.
2) swashed by the alternating sinusoidal that module generation fixed frequency phase occurs for the pumping signal that signal emits processing unit
Signal is encouraged, power amplifier module amplifies the pumping signal, then gates electromagnetic coil by channel switching module
In a coil as excitation coil, each of remaining coil coil as detection coil successively gate carry out data adopt
Collection, the data acquired each time will carry out signal amplification and filtering by signal conditioning module, and pass through data acquisition module
It is transmitted to data processing display module, data demodulation is carried out to the data received by data processing display module, is demodulated
Amplitude and phase data.
3) it repeats the above steps, until all coils are used as excitation coil.
4) data for projection and sensitivity matrix for all directions that data processing display module is obtained according to measurement, using figure
As algorithm for reconstructing reconstructs the distribution of conductivity of high-speed rail wheel cross section, and defect analysis is carried out, extracts the position of defect
And size.
Further, image reconstruction algorithm includes:
(1) finite element method electromagnetic chromatographic direct problem is utilized, prior information needed for solving inverse problem is obtained,
That is sensitivity matrix S (M × N), wherein M is measurement data number, and N is subdivision unit number, by from U=SG backstepping acquire G,
Wherein U is normalized measured value vector, and G is normalized distribution of conductivity vector；
(2) image reconstruction is carried out according to Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm, acquires the transversal surface conductivity of high-speed rail wheel
Distribution vector, shown in the Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm such as following formula (1):
Gk+1=Gk- α ST(SGk- U) (1)
Wherein, α is relaxation factor, determines iteration step length.It, can be with according to high-speed rail wheel cross section distribution of conductivity vector
Intuitive display defect, and defect analysis is carried out, extract the positions and dimensions of defect.
The detailed process and aforementioned side that high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic is detected a flaw are carried out using the device of the embodiment of the present invention
Method embodiment is similar, and details are not described herein again.
In conclusion the embodiment of the present invention uses electromagnetic chromatography imaging technique, high speed may be implemented, online, effective, non-connect
The rapid field of touching detects, and carries out intuitive display defect, defect analysis, extracts the positions and dimensions of defect.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: attached drawing is the schematic diagram of one embodiment, module in attached drawing or
Process is not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of protection of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic failure detector characterized by comprising signal generation apparatus and signal transmitting
Processing unit；
The signal generation apparatus includes U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand and electromagnetic coil, the electromagnetic coil
It is uniformly installed in the U-shaped electromagnetic chromatographic sensor stand, for emitting processing unit transmitting according to the signal
Signal, to high-speed rail wheel carry out induced voltage signal acquisition；
The signal transmitting processing unit includes that module occurs by the pumping signal of circuit connection, power amplifier module, leads to
Road switching module, signal conditioning module, data acquisition module and data processing display module；
Module occurs for the pumping signal, for generating the alternating sinusoidal pumping signal of fixed frequency phase；
The power amplifier module, for being amplified to the pumping signal；
The channel switching module, for carrying out gating switching to the electromagnetic coil；
The signal conditioning module, for the induced voltage signal that electromagnetic coil exports to be amplified and filtered；
The data acquisition module, treated for acquiring signal conditioning module induced voltage signal, and will acquisition
To signal data be uploaded to data processing display module and handled；
The data processing display module, for handling the induced voltage signal, and with data or image
Form is shown.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it includes signal that module, which occurs, for the pumping signal
Device.
3. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the power amplifier module includes current feedback power
Amplifier.
4. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the channel switching module includes channel switching chip.
5. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the signal conditioning module includes programmable amplification chip
And filtering chip.
6. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data acquisition module includes data acquisition board.
7. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data processing display module includes image reconstruction meter
Calculation machine.
8. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetic coil is made of 2n coil, wherein n
For the integer more than or equal to 3, each electromagnetic coil is wound in coil rack by insulated copper wire and forms, and the diameter of conducting wire is
0.1mm-1mm, conducting wire the number of turns are 100-1000 circle.
9. a kind of high-speed rail wheel electromagnetic chromatographic method of detection using any described device of claim 1-8, feature exist
In, comprising:
1) signal generation apparatus is mounted on to the top of high-speed rail wheel tread, and tyre tread apart from high-speed rail and two sides 5mm with
It is interior；
2) the alternating sinusoidal excitation letter that module generates fixed frequency phase is occurred by the pumping signal that signal emits processing unit
Number, power amplifier module amplifies the pumping signal, then by channel switching module gating electromagnetic coil
As excitation coil, each of remaining coil coil successively gates as detection coil and carries out data acquisition one coil,
The data acquired each time will carry out signal amplification and filtering by signal conditioning module, and be transmitted by data acquisition module
To data processing display module, data demodulation is carried out to the data received by data processing display module, demodulates amplitude
And phase data；
3) it repeats the above steps, until all coils are used as excitation coil；
4) data for projection and sensitivity matrix for all directions that data processing display module is obtained according to measurement, using image weight
The distribution of conductivity that algorithm reconstructs high-speed rail wheel cross section is built, and carries out defect analysis, extracts position and the ruler of defect
It is very little.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the image reconstruction algorithm includes:
(1) it utilizes finite element method electromagnetic chromatographic direct problem, obtains prior information needed for solving inverse problem, i.e., it is clever
Sensitive matrix S (M × N), wherein M is measurement data number, and N is subdivision unit number, by from U=SG backstepping acquire G, wherein
U is normalized measured value vector, and G is normalized distribution of conductivity vector；
(2) image reconstruction is carried out according to Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm, acquires high-speed rail wheel cross section distribution of conductivity
Vector, shown in the Landweber Iteration Image Reconstruction Algorithm such as following formula (1):
Gk+1=Gk- α ST(SGk- U) (1)
Wherein, α is relaxation factor, determines iteration step length.
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| CN112818582A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-05-18 | 上海邦麟复合材料科技有限公司 | Fiber reinforced composite material performance judgment method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190430 |
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