CN109694239A - A kind of equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product - Google Patents

A kind of equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109694239A
CN109694239A CN201811552135.3A CN201811552135A CN109694239A CN 109694239 A CN109694239 A CN 109694239A CN 201811552135 A CN201811552135 A CN 201811552135A CN 109694239 A CN109694239 A CN 109694239A
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static pressure
powder
mesh
mud
firing process
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叶建明
聂岳军
麦潮堂
粟益安
张亮
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HUNAN HUALIAN CERAMICS CO Ltd
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HUNAN HUALIAN CERAMICS CO Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
    • C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of equal static pressure single firing processes of stoneware product.Raw material mixing is processed, add the colloid aqueous solution of proper formulation before last 1h, it is directly sieved after putting ball, spray-drying process, control spray art parameter, ensure that the powder granularity gradation pelletized reaches technique requirement, after grain composition is up to standard, aging 3-7 days, powder moisture content is 2-5%, it is directly formed again with domestic ceramics isostatic pressing machine, pass through automatic precision repaired biscuit, pipeline, the dry machine drying chamber of chain is dry, pass through the automatic glazed body production of automatic glazing again, hanging indigo plant through automatic defeated base again send base to kiln, fill base firing, firing temperature is 1190-1210 DEG C, oxidizing flame firing, porcelain body water absorption rate is 1-3%, other physicochemical properties reach Shi porcelain concerned countries standard.

Description

A kind of equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ceramic products fields of inorganic non-metallic material, and in particular to a kind of equal static pressure of stoneware product are primary Firing process.
Background technique
Currently, great change is occurring for global manufacturing development pattern, and new inter-industry competition pattern is being formed.It is American-European Equal developed countries are reply new round science and technology and Industrial Revolution, implement reindustrialization one after another and manufacturing industry returns strategy.
The policies such as Environmental Protection in China further become sternly, and labor cost quickly goes up, and demographic dividend fades away.The Cenozoic one Line worker is not high to Production of Ceramics working strength and environment acceptance, and employee's age fault-layer-phenomenon gradually highlights, various regions, each enterprise The different degrees of problem for recruitment famine occur of industry.Meanwhile domestic ceramics industry remains a labour intensive profession, is One extensive traditional industries, industry are badly in need of carrying out constructional transfer.So the following china industry developing direction must be certainly Dynamicization, intelligence.Isostatic pressing production technology can make production automation, intelligence to the full extent, cut payroll to improve efficiency.
It due to the higher cost of double-firing process, consumes energy higher, at present foreign countries' domestic ceramics isostatic pressing production date It is more mature with ceramic technology, just take twice firing to produce high value domestic ceramic product；The static pressure such as domestic domestic ceramics Molding production domestic ceramics is also in small-scale trial production or extension process, and main is also the high-grade high price such as production Bone China It is worth domestic ceramic product, also takes double-firing process, higher cost consumes energy higher.
Therefore need to provide a kind of isostatic pressing process of production domestic ceramics at low cost, low energy consumption.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of equal static pressure once-firing work of stoneware product Skill.
The equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product of the invention, comprising the following steps:
1) albite in powder, pug, quartz sand, bentonite are taken, mixing is used as raw material, carries out ball milling, obtains mud, wherein mud The chemical component requirement of slurry: SiO269~70%, Al2O319~20%, Fe2O3≤ 0.6%, TiO2≤ 0.1%, CaO 0.25~0.3%, MgO 0.3~0.35%, K2O 1~1.3%, Na2O 2.3~2.5% burns and loses 5.8~6.5%；
2) mixed liquor of waterglass, sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and water is added before ball milling terminates, into mud with raw material Weight is 100% meter, and wherein additional amount is respectively waterglass 0.5~0.6%, sodium humate 0.05-0.18%, polyethylene glycol 0.5-0.7%, water 36-38%；
3) it after ball milling, successively by inhaling iron sieving, is spray-dried obtained powder and obtains powder isostatic pressing Green body；
4) green body is dried, glazing, obtains glazed body；
5) glazed body is subjected to once-firing to get stoneware product.
Preferably, Ball-milling Time 12-18h, the diameter for the ball that ball milling uses is 10~60mm.
Preferably, the moisture content of the mud is 38-40%, and fineness is 250 mesh screen residues 0.1~0.2%.
Preferably, the mixed liquor of waterglass, sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and water is that 1h is added in mud before ball milling terminates 's.
Preferably, powder gradation is as follows in the step 3): 0-40 mesh 1.5-2.5%, 40-60 mesh 40-45%, 60-80 Mesh 33-38%, 80-100 mesh 2-4%, 100-150 mesh 5-8%, 150-300 mesh 3-5%, the above 0-2% of 300 mesh.
The moisture content of the powder is 2-5%, and powder bulk density is 800-900g/L, and powder sample flexural strength is 1.5- 1.8MPa, powder aging time are 3-7 days.
Step 3) the isostatic pressing uses domestic ceramics equal pressing equipment, and specific molding technique parameter is as follows:
The master cylinder F.F. time is 600-1380ms, and the master cylinder slow-motion time is 30-45ms, and the die cavity suction time is 3900- 4100ms, master cylinder pressing time are 700-900ms；Equal static pressure pressing time is 3000-4500ms, waits the static pressure dwell time to be 280-310ms, waiting venting duration of static pressure is 90-120ms, waits dwell time 40-55ms of static pressure, waits static pressure final Venting duration is 200-500ms, and master cylinder venting duration is 2-120ms, and master cylinder return interval is 900-980ms, when circulation is delayed Between be 0-800ms, master cylinder maximum pressure be 20-30MPa, wait static pressure maximum pressure be 28.5-30MPa.
The dry step 4) is carried out in 40-50 DEG C of the dry machine drying chamber of chain, drying time 2.5-3.5h.It is dry The moisture control of green body is in 1-2% afterwards.
Biscuiting, direct glazing are not used to green body after drying.Glazing technology uses automatic glazing line, and bell-jar drenches glaze.Its Middle glaze slip specific gravity requires to be 1.65-1.7g/mL, and glaze slip flow velocity is 150-180s/L, drenches glaze rear surface drying time >=16s, glaze Base directly send kiln base to be installed into chain conveying base system.
The step 5) uses once-firing, and wherein firing temperature is 1190~1210 DEG C, and firing period is 5~6.5h, Firing atmosphere is oxidizing flame atmosphere.
Preferably, the water absorption rate of the stoneware product is controlled in 1-3%.
Hu Xiaohong etc. points out that the viscosity of mud is with waterglass in " research of ceramic mud mobility and blank strength " The increase of additional amount and reduce, additional amount be 0.12% when reach minimum, the viscosity of mud when additional amount is more than 0.12% It is gradually increased again.When polyethylene glycol is added, the hydrogen bond that can be generated by means of polyethylene glycol polymer between ceramic particle is made With, the intensity of green body can also be made to increase, when additional amount is greater than 0.1%, particle surface is wrapped up by peg molecule completely, And wrapping layer is thicker, and the distance between particle will greatly increase, the capillary force between particle is reduced instead, thus Intensity is set to decrease；And when the additional amount of polyethylene glycol is 0.15%, after mud places about 8h, mud particle starts Precipitating, therefore the additional amount of polyethylene glycol is no more than 0.12%.It then concludes that with waterglass, sodium humate, poly- second When glycol is as compound additive, when additional amount is waterglass 0.1%, sodium humate 0.12%, polyethylene glycol 0.12%, The viscosity of mud and the fold resistance of green body can achieve a comparatively ideal effect.Therefore those skilled in the art are in addition water When glass, sodium humate, polyethylene glycol are as ceramic compound additive, usually the amount of being added into is fixed as waterglass 0.1%, sodium humate 0.12%, polyethylene glycol 0.12%.As application No. is a kind of waste stone dusts disclosed in 201410284814.2 Ceramics and preparation method thereof, in order to enhance mobility and blank strength, the wherein addition of waterglass, sodium humate, polyethylene glycol Amount is respectively sodium humate 0.12%, waterglass 0.1%, polyethylene glycol 0.12%.
The present invention controls each component and content of mud are as follows: SiO by carrying out ball milling mixing to raw material269~70%, Al2O319~20%, Fe2O3≤ 0.6%, TiO2≤ 0.1%, CaO 0.25~0.3%, MgO 0.3~0.35%, K2O 1~ 1.3%, Na2O 2.3~2.5% burns and loses 5.8~6.5%.Polyethylene glycol, rotten plant are added into mud by 1h before ball milling terminates The colloid aqueous solution of sour sodium and waterglass composition, and be to improve the additional amount of waterglass in terms of 100% by the weight of mixed raw material It is 0.5~0.6%, the additional amount for controlling sodium humate is 0.05-0.18%, and the additional amount for improving polyethylene glycol is 0.5- 0.7%.Flexural strength, the green density of product after isostatic pressing not only can be improved, but also again will not be in once-firing Excessive stomata and cracking defect are generated in the process.Wherein the flexural strength of green body after equal static pressure not only can be improved in polyethylene glycol, But also spray drying powder processed can be improved to reach powder particles gradation of the invention, while green body densification can be improved Degree.Waterglass and sodium humate are added to guarantee that mud of the invention possesses slip fluidity required for technique.This Outside, the present invention is additionally added the water of 36-38%, primarily to guaranteeing the colloid of polyethylene glycol, sodium humate and waterglass composition The operability of aqueous solution, overrich or it is excessively dilute may bring other technology difficulties, be unfavorable for operating.
The present invention uses gradation using powder processed, powder granule is spray-dried, by controlling spray art parameter, it is ensured that granulation Powder granularity gradation reach technique requirement, after grain composition is up to standard, aging 3-7 days, control moisture content was in 2-5%, powder appearance 800-900g/L is focused on, not only guarantees to produce qualified green body, while guaranteeing that product is not likely to produce deformation, scarce mud, crackle etc. and lacks It falls into.
Glazing technology of the invention uses automatic glazing line, and bell-jar drenches glaze.Glaze slip technological parameter: glaze slip specific gravity 1.65- 1.7g/mL, glaze slip flow velocity: 150-180s/L drenches glaze rear surface drying time >=16s, and glazed body is into chain conveying base system, directly Kiln base to be installed is picked, can guarantee glazed body energy automated production to the greatest extent, guarantees that the kiln moisture that enters of product reaches technology It is required that.
Currently, the isostatic pressing of domestic ceramics takes twice firing both at home and abroad, i.e., biscuiting once carries out before glazed body It is burnt into for the first time, second is carried out after glazed body and is burnt into, cost and consume energy higher.Further, since Shi porcelain has certain water absorption rate, I.e. carcass has certain porosity, and a small amount of impurity contained in raw material can generate minimum gas in the high temperature process.Usual two Secondary firing, which is mainly first burnt into before glazing, once falls the impurity discharge in green body, reglazes second of progress and is burnt into, to subtract The defects of few pin hole, small pore, to improve product quality.The present invention uses single firing process, primary at 1190-1210 DEG C After oxidizing flame firing, obtained stoneware product water absorption rate is 1-3%, and at having certain hole in porcelain body body, these holes can be with The releasing for the defects of digesting the gas that certain impurity generates in sintering process, being conducive to product pin hole, small pore, not only Cost and energy consumption are lower, and ensure that the physicochemical property of product.
Albite in powder: the place of production is Hengshan Mountain, white in appearance powdery, moisture content≤3%, Na2O >=9.0%, Fe2O3≤ 0.3%.
Pug of the invention includes that mud is washed in Shaoguan, mud is washed in Xinfeng and North Sea mud, in which:
Mud is washed in Shaoguan: the place of production is Guangdong Shaoguan, white in appearance or yellow-white, clay, moisture content≤32%, Al2O3≥ 35%, Fe2O3≤ 0.7%, K2O+Na2O≤3.5%.
Mud is washed in Xinfeng: the place of production is Guangdong Qingyuan Xinfeng, white in appearance or yellow-white, clay, moisture content≤32%, Al2O3 >=31.0%, Fe2O3≤ 0.65%.
North Sea mud: the place of production is Beihai Fisheries Base Guangxi Province, white in appearance or yellow-white, clay, moisture content≤2%, Al2O3≥ 19.0%, Fe2O3≤ 1.0%, K2O+Na2O≤2.0%.
Quartz sand: the place of production is Hunan Liling, the micro- sand shape of white in appearance, the pure free from admixture of quality, moisture content≤13%, SiO2>=98%, Fe2O3≤ 0.3%.
Bentonite: the place of production is Jiangxi, and appearance is in canescence, pureed or bulk, moisture content≤15%, Al2O3>=15.0%, Fe2O3≤ 0.7%, CaO+MgO≤4.5%, K2O+Na2O≤3.5%.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
1. the polyethylene glycol that content is 0.5-0.7%, content 0.05- is added in the present invention before ball milling terminates into mud The colloid aqueous solution that the waterglass that 0.18% sodium humate and content is 0.5~0.6% forms not only can be improved etc. quiet Flexural strength, the green density of product after molded, and excessive stomata will not be generated during once-firing again and opened Split defect.
2. Household stoneware of the invention uses equal pressing forming technology, biscuiting is not used, direct glazing is once burnt At not only low energy consumption, at low cost, technologically advanced, but also releasing the defects of be conducive to product air holes, ensure that the reason of product Change performance.
3. stoneware product of the invention use isostatic pressing, equipment be domestic ceramics equal pressing equipment, strict control at Type technological parameter, technological parameter adaptability is strong, independent research, high degree of automation.
4. the present invention uses gradation using powder processed, powder granule is spray-dried, not only guarantees to produce qualified green body, protect simultaneously Card product is not likely to produce deformation, lacks the defects of mud, crackle.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The preparation process of stoneware product of the invention is as follows:
(1) albite in powder, Shaoguan is taken to wash mud, mud is washed in Xinfeng, quartz sand, North Sea mud, bentonite, be mixed to get raw material, will Raw material, ballstone and water, which are placed in ball mill, carries out ball milling, and Ball-milling Time is 15 hours, mud is made, wherein the chemistry of mud Component requirements: SiO269.6%, Al2O319.5%, Fe2O30.4%, TiO20.1%, CaO 0.28%, MgO 0.32%, K2O 1.2%, Na2O 2.4% burns and loses 6.2%.The moisture content for controlling mud is 39.2%, and fineness is 250 mesh screen residues 0.175%.
(2) 1h adds glue before mud puts ball, is to add waterglass 0.5~0.6%, sodium humate in terms of 100% by raw material weight 0.05-0.18%, polyethylene glycol 0.5-0.7%, water 36-38%.
(3) iron sieving is inhaled after blowing, is spray-dried powder processed, wherein powder gradation are as follows: 20-40 mesh 2.1%, 40-60 mesh 44.3%, 60-80 mesh 37.5%, 80-100 mesh 3.1%, 100-150 mesh 7.1%, 150-300 mesh 4.6%, more than 300 mesh 1.3%.Controlling powder moisture content is 3.2%, and powder bulk density is 890g/L, and powder sample flexural strength is 1.67MPa, powder The aging time is 5 days.Powder progress isostatic pressing is obtained into green body.Wherein isostatic pressing process parameter are as follows:
Master cylinder F.F. time 1315ms, master cylinder slow-motion time 35ms, die cavity suction time 3990ms, master cylinder pressing time 750ms waits static pressure pressing time 4345ms, waits static pressure dwell time 295ms, waits venting duration 95ms of static pressure, waits static pressure Dwell time 45ms waits the final venting duration 445ms of static pressure, 5 ms of master cylinder venting duration, master cylinder return interval 920ms, Delay time 0ms is recycled, master cylinder maximum pressure 21.3MPa waits static pressure maximum pressure 29.3MPa.
(4) green body is dried through 42 DEG C of the dry machine drying chamber of chain, is dried the base time 3 hours, base moisture content 1.5% after drying.It Biscuiting is not used afterwards, and direct glazing obtains glazed body；Wherein glazing technology uses automatic glazing line, and bell-jar drenches glaze, glaze slip ratio Important to seek 1.68g/ml, glaze slip flow velocity is 160s/L, and leaching glaze rear surface drying time is 18s.
(5) glazed body directly send kiln into chain conveying base system, 1200 DEG C of once-firing 5.5h under oxidizing flame atmosphere, Water absorption rate control is 1.82% to get stoneware product.
Anti- folding coefficient, the viscosity of mud are tested, and the microdefect of observation stoneware product, record the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
The preparation process of stoneware product of the invention is as follows:
(1) albite in powder, Shaoguan is taken to wash mud, mud is washed in Xinfeng, quartz sand, North Sea mud, bentonite, be mixed to get raw material, will Raw material, ballstone and water, which are placed in ball mill, carries out ball milling, and Ball-milling Time is 15 hours, mud is made, wherein the chemistry of mud Component requirements: SiO269.2%, Al2O319.8%, Fe2O30.6%, TiO20.1%, CaO 0.25%, MgO 0.34%, K2O 1.3%, Na2O 2.5% burns and loses 5.91%.The moisture content for controlling mud is 38.5%, and fineness is 250 mesh screen residues 0.195%.
(2) 1h adds glue before mud puts ball, is to add waterglass 0.6%, sodium humate in terms of 100% by raw material weight 0.15%, polyethylene glycol 0.65%, water 36.5%.
(3) iron sieving is inhaled after blowing, is spray-dried powder processed, wherein powder gradation are as follows: 20-40 mesh 1.2%, 40-60 mesh 45%, 60-80 mesh 38%, 80-100 mesh 4%, 100-150 mesh 8%, 150-300 mesh 3.4%, more than 300 mesh 0.4%.Control Powder moisture content processed is 2.8%, and powder bulk density is 892g/L, and powder sample flexural strength is 1.69MPa, powder aging time It is 5 days.Powder progress isostatic pressing is obtained into green body.Wherein isostatic pressing process parameter are as follows:
Master cylinder F.F. time 660ms, master cylinder slow-motion time 40ms, die cavity suction time 4000ms, master cylinder pressing time 835ms waits static pressure pressing time 3290ms, waits static pressure dwell time 295ms, waits venting duration 110ms of static pressure, waits quiet A dwell time 50ms is pressed, the final venting duration 290ms of static pressure, 120 ms of master cylinder venting duration, master cylinder return interval are waited 955ms, recycles delay time 725ms, and master cylinder maximum pressure 26.5MPa waits static pressure maximum pressure 29.5MPa.
(4) green body is dried through 42 DEG C of the dry machine drying chamber of chain, is dried the base time 3 hours, base moisture content 1.1% after drying.It Biscuiting is not used afterwards, and direct glazing obtains glazed body；Wherein glazing technology uses automatic glazing line, and bell-jar drenches glaze, glaze slip ratio Important to seek 1.7g/ml, glaze slip flow velocity is 170s/L, and leaching glaze rear surface drying time is 19s.
(5) glazed body directly send kiln into chain conveying base system, 1205 DEG C of once-firing 5.5h under oxidizing flame atmosphere, Water absorption rate control is 1.96% to get stoneware product.
Anti- folding coefficient, the viscosity of mud are tested, and the microdefect of observation stoneware product, record the results are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
The preparation process of stoneware product of the invention is as follows:
(1) albite in powder, Shaoguan is taken to wash mud, mud is washed in Xinfeng, quartz sand, North Sea mud, bentonite, be mixed to get raw material, will Raw material, ballstone and water, which are placed in ball mill, carries out ball milling, and Ball-milling Time is 15 hours, mud is made, wherein the chemistry of mud Component requirements: SiO269.5%, Al2O319.6%, Fe2O30.2%, TiO20.08%, CaO 0.28%, MgO 0.32%, K2O 1.12%, Na2O 2.4% burns and loses 6.5%.The moisture content for controlling mud is 38.5%, and fineness is 250 meshes Remaining 0.195%.
(2) 1h adds glue before mud puts ball, is to add waterglass 0.5%, sodium humate in terms of 100% by raw material weight 0.1%, polyethylene glycol 0.6%, water 37%.
(3) iron sieving is inhaled after blowing, is spray-dried powder processed, wherein powder gradation are as follows: 20-40 mesh 2.5%, 40-60 mesh 43%, 60-80 mesh 37%, 80-100 mesh 3.5%, 100-150 mesh 7.0%, 150-300 mesh 5.0%, more than 300 mesh 2%. Controlling powder moisture content is 3.2%, and powder bulk density is 886g/L, and powder sample flexural strength is 1.69MPa, when powder is aging Between be 7 days.Powder progress isostatic pressing is obtained into green body.Wherein isostatic pressing process parameter are as follows:
Master cylinder F.F. time 950ms, master cylinder slow-motion time 38ms, die cavity suction time 3980ms, master cylinder pressing time 800ms waits static pressure pressing time 3990ms, waits static pressure dwell time 296ms, waits venting duration 100ms of static pressure, waits quiet A dwell time 48ms is pressed, the final venting duration 320ms of static pressure, master cylinder venting duration 90ms, master cylinder return interval are waited 932ms, recycles delay time 500ms, and master cylinder maximum pressure 25.6MPa waits static pressure maximum pressure 29.2MPa.
(4) green body is dried through 42 DEG C of the dry machine drying chamber of chain, is dried the base time 3.5 hours, base moisture content 1.0% after drying. Biscuiting is not used later, and direct glazing obtains glazed body；Wherein glazing technology uses automatic glazing line, and bell-jar drenches glaze, glaze slip Specific gravity requires 1.7g/ml, and glaze slip flow velocity is 170s/L, and leaching glaze rear surface drying time is 17s.
(5) glazed body directly send kiln into chain conveying base system, 1195 DEG C of once-firing 5.2h under oxidizing flame atmosphere, Water absorption rate control is 2.05% to get stoneware product.
Anti- folding coefficient, the viscosity of mud are tested, and the microdefect of observation stoneware product, record the results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process of stoneware product is as follows:
Mixed raw material ball milling is that waterglass is added thereto in terms of 100% by the weight of mixed raw material with embodiment 1 0.1%, sodium humate 0.12%, polyethylene glycol 0.12%.Subsequent step obtains stoneware product with embodiment 1.
Anti- folding coefficient, the viscosity of mud are tested, and the microdefect of observation stoneware product, record the results are shown in Table 1.
The test result of table 1 mud and stoneware product
By comparing embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 it is found that the mud flexural strength and viscosity of embodiment 1-3 are superior to pair Ratio 1, and the microdefects such as the stoneware product pore-free obtained after once-firing and cracking.Illustrate that the present invention passes through control mud The each component and content of slurry, and the additional amount of waterglass, sodium humate and polyethylene glycol additive is adjusted simultaneously: improve water glass The additional amount of glass is 0.5~0.6%, and the additional amount for controlling sodium humate is 0.05-0.18%, improves the addition of polyethylene glycol Amount is 0.5-0.7%, not only can be with the anti-folding coefficient and viscosity of mud, and then the anti-folding for improving product after isostatic pressing is strong Degree, green density, and excessive stomata and cracking defect will not be generated during once-firing again.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product, which comprises the following steps:
1) it takes albite in powder, pug, quartz sand, bentonite mixing as raw material, carries out ball milling, obtain mud, wherein mud Each component and mass content are as follows: SiO269~70%, Al2O319~20%, Fe2O3≤ 0.6%, TiO2≤ 0.1%, CaO 0.25~0.3%, MgO 0.3~0.35%, K2O 1~1.3%, Na2O 2.3~2.5% burns and loses 5.8~6.5%；
2) mixed liquor of waterglass, sodium humate, polyethylene glycol and water is added before ball milling terminates, into mud with the weight of raw material For 100% meter, wherein additional amount is respectively waterglass 0.5~0.6%, sodium humate 0.05-0.18%, polyethylene glycol 0.5- 0.7%, water 36-38%；
3) after ball milling, successively by inhaling iron sieving, obtained powder is spray-dried by powder isostatic pressing and obtains green body；
4) green body is dried, glazing, obtains glazed body；
5) glazed body is subjected to once-firing to get stoneware product.
2. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the mud it is aqueous Rate is 38-40%.
3. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the mud Fineness is 250 mesh screen residues 0.1~0.2%.
4. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that powder in the step 3) Body gradation is as follows: 0-40 mesh 1.5-2.5%, 40-60 mesh 40-45%, 60-80 mesh 33-38%, 80-100 mesh 2-4%, 100- 150 mesh 5-8%, 150-300 mesh 3-5%, the above 0-2% of 300 mesh.
5. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as described in claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the powder Moisture content is 2-5%, and powder bulk density is 800-900g/L, and powder sample flexural strength is 1.5-1.8MPa, powder aging time It is 3-7 days.
6. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described step 3) etc. is quiet Molded maximum pressure is 28.5-30MPa.
7. stoneware product as described in claim 1,2 or 6 etc. static pressure single firing process, which is characterized in that the step 4) moisture control of green body is in 1-2% after drying.
8. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the burning of the step 5) It is 1190~1210 DEG C at temperature, firing period is 5~6.5h.
9. the equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the stoneware product Water absorption rate is 1-3%.
CN201811552135.3A 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 A kind of equal static pressure single firing process of stoneware product Pending CN109694239A (en)

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