CN109693423A - 一种金刚石多层复合刀具及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种金刚石多层复合刀具及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109693423A
CN109693423A CN201710984346.3A CN201710984346A CN109693423A CN 109693423 A CN109693423 A CN 109693423A CN 201710984346 A CN201710984346 A CN 201710984346A CN 109693423 A CN109693423 A CN 109693423A
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powder
diamond
parts
boron nitride
compound tool
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王丽娜
陈梦
周青
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Henan Haina New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具及其制备方法，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层，所述金刚石多层复合刀具具有硬度高、韧性好的优点，适于工业切削。

Description

一种金刚石多层复合刀具及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于超硬材料领域，具体地，涉及一种金刚石多层复合刀具及其制备方法。
背景技术
金刚石与立方氮化硼是目前工业中应用最广泛的两种超硬材料。金刚石是自然界中已知最硬的物质，具有极高的耐磨性、抗压强度、热导率，大颗粒金刚石单晶价格昂贵且具有解理面，金刚石颗粒尺寸限制了很多其功能性的应用，工业中很多领域使用性价比更高的聚晶金刚石材料来代替金刚石单晶。
聚晶金刚石被广泛应用于非铁金属和不含铁合金的切削加工，石油天然气及矿业勘采，木质地板加工等领域。立方氮化硼的硬度约为金刚石的一半，是仅次于金刚石的第二硬材料，但是立方氮化硼拥有比金刚石更高的热稳定性且不易和铁元素发生化学反应，因而可以用来加工铁金属或含铁合金，立方氮化硼单晶价格昂贵且具有解离面，工业中很多领域使用性价比更高的聚晶立方氮化硼材料来代替立方氮化硼单晶。聚晶立方氮化硼由于具有较高的红硬性，较高的耐磨性以及高的热稳定性而被广泛应用于铁金属和含铁合金的切削加工。
立方氮化硼-金刚石复合材料兼顾了聚晶金刚石与聚晶立方氮化硼的优点，统传的立方氮化硼-金刚石复合烧结体是在人造立方氮化硼和金刚石微粉中加入Co、Ni、TiC、TiN等金属粉末均匀混合后，在高压高温下烧结而成的一种超硬复合材料，它在宏观上表现出各向同性和较高的硬度及韧性，在某些方面的应用性能优于聚晶金刚石和聚晶立方氮化硼。但是，由于聚晶金刚石和聚晶氮化硼在导热性能、热膨胀性能等方面的差异，使得立方氮化硼-金刚石复合材料的韧性较差，易崩裂。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具及其制备方法，以解决上述问题。
具体地，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层。
基于上述，所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉90～ 95份、氧化锆粉(ZrO2)4.7～6份和硼粉(B)0.3～4份。
基于上述，所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉(Mo2C) 96～98份、活性炭粉(C)0.2～0.8份、石墨烯粉0.3～1.2份和钛粉(Ti) 1.5～4份。
基于上述，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉93～95份、铝粉(Al)2.5～7份和二硅化钛粉(TiSi2)0.5～1份。
基于上述，所述硬质合金的厚度为5～15mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1～2mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.3～1mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为3～5mm。
一种上述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
先将所述硬质合金基体、金刚石混合料、碳化钼混合料和立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在4～7GPa、1600～1800℃条件下烧结5～25min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
基于上述，所述金刚石混合料包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉90～ 95份、氧化锆粉(ZrO2)4.7～6份和硼粉(B)0.3～4份。
基于上述，所述碳化钼混合料包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉(Mo2C) 96～98份、活性炭粉(C)0.2～0.8份、石墨烯粉0.3～1.2份和钛粉(Ti) 1.5～4份。
基于上述，所述立方氮化硼混合料包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉93～95份、铝粉2.5～7份和二硅化钛粉0.5～1份。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步。具体的说，本发明提供的所述金刚石多层复合刀具通过在聚晶金刚石层和聚晶立方氮化硼层之间设置碳化钼材料层，碳化钼的热膨胀系数小于聚晶立方氮化硼，且大于聚晶金刚石，如此使所述聚晶金刚石层和所述聚晶立方氮化硼层之间实现较平滑过渡，避免其受热开裂；进一步，所述聚晶金刚石层中采用ZrO2和B作为粘结剂，其和金刚石的热膨胀系数较为接近，其导热系数远小于金刚石，不仅具有良好的粘结性能，还可以减小所述聚晶金刚石层的导热系数，所述碳化钼材料层采用活性炭、Ti和石墨烯作为粘结剂，活性炭和Ti在烧结过程中反应形成TiC，可以有效提高结合强度，石墨烯可以提高所述碳化钼材料层的传热性能；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层采用Al 和TiSi2作为粘结剂，在烧结过程中TiSi2可以促进Al和氮化硼形成氮化铝，不仅可以提高粘结强度，还可以提高所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的导热性能和硬度；所述聚晶金刚石层、所述碳化钼材料层和所述聚晶立方氮化硼层相结合使得所述金刚石多层复合刀具具有硬度高、韧性好的优点。经检测，所述金刚石多层复合刀具的硬度为3048～3273Hv，冲击次数为41～ 46，导热系数为135～161W/(m·K)。另外，本发明还提供该所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，该方法简单，易操作，适于工业生产。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层，其中，所述硬质合金的厚度为15mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为2mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为1mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为5mm。
所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉90份、氧化锆粉4.7份和硼粉0.3份；所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉96份、活性炭粉0.2份、石墨烯粉0.3份和钛粉1.5份；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉93份、铝粉2.5 份和二硅化钛粉0.5份。
本实施例还提供所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将金刚石粉、氧化锆粉和硼粉混合均匀，制得金刚石混合料；将碳化钼粉、活性炭粉、石墨烯粉和钛粉混合均匀，制得碳化钼混合料；将立方氮化硼粉、铝粉和二硅化钛粉混合均匀，制得立方氮化硼混合料；
先将所述硬质合金基体、所述金刚石混合料、所述碳化钼混合料和所述立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在7GPa、 1600℃条件下烧结5min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层，其中，所述硬质合金的厚度为5mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.3mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为3mm。
所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉95份、氧化锆粉6份和硼粉4份；所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉97份、活性炭粉0.8份、石墨烯粉1.2份和钛粉4份；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉95份、铝粉7份和二硅化钛粉1份。
本实施例还提供所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将金刚石粉、氧化锆粉和硼粉混合均匀，制得金刚石混合料；将碳化钼粉、活性炭粉、石墨烯粉和钛粉混合均匀，制得碳化钼混合料；将立方氮化硼粉、铝粉和二硅化钛粉混合均匀，制得立方氮化硼混合料；
先将所述硬质合金基体、所述金刚石混合料、所述碳化钼混合料和所述立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在4GPa、 1600℃条件下烧结5min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层，其中，所述硬质合金的厚度为10mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1.5mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.6mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为4mm。
所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉92份、氧化锆粉5份和硼粉3份；所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉98份、活性炭粉0.2份、石墨烯粉0.8份和钛粉4份；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉95份、铝粉3.2份和二硅化钛粉0.7份。
本实施例还提供所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将金刚石粉、氧化锆粉和硼粉混合均匀，制得金刚石混合料；将碳化钼粉、活性炭粉、石墨烯粉和钛粉混合均匀，制得碳化钼混合料；将立方氮化硼粉、铝粉和二硅化钛粉混合均匀，制得立方氮化硼混合料；
先将所述硬质合金基体、所述金刚石混合料、所述碳化钼混合料和所述立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在5GPa、 1700℃条件下烧结22min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它由硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层组成，其中，所述硬质合金的厚度为12mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1.6mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.5mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为4.8mm。
所述聚晶金刚石层由以下质量份的原料组成：金刚石粉93份、氧化锆粉5.2份和硼粉1.8份；所述碳化钼材料层由以下质量份的原料组成：碳化钼粉96份、活性炭粉0.4份、石墨烯粉0.8份和钛粉2.8份；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层由以下质量份的原料组成：立方氮化硼粉94份、铝粉2.5份和二硅化钛粉1份。
本实施例还提供所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将金刚石粉、氧化锆粉和硼粉混合均匀，制得金刚石混合料；将碳化钼粉、活性炭粉、石墨烯粉和钛粉混合均匀，制得碳化钼混合料；将立方氮化硼粉、铝粉和二硅化钛粉混合均匀，制得立方氮化硼混合料；
先将所述硬质合金基体、所述金刚石混合料、所述碳化钼混合料和所述立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在5.5GPa、 1700℃条件下烧结15min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层，其中，所述硬质合金的厚度为9mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1.7mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.6mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为4.2mm。
所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉93份、氧化锆粉5.3份和硼粉1.7份；所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉97份、活性炭粉0.5份、石墨烯粉1份和钛粉2.5份；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉93份、铝粉3.7 份和二硅化钛粉0.8份。
本实施例还提供所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将金刚石粉、氧化锆粉和硼粉混合均匀，制得金刚石混合料；将碳化钼粉、活性炭粉、石墨烯粉和钛粉混合均匀，制得碳化钼混合料；将立方氮化硼粉、铝粉和二硅化钛粉混合均匀，制得立方氮化硼混合料；
先将所述硬质合金基体、所述金刚石混合料、所述碳化钼混合料和所述立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在6GPa、 1800℃条件下烧结18min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
实施例6
本实施例提供一种金刚石多层复合刀具，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层，其中，所述硬质合金的厚度为11mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1.5mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.5mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为3.7mm。
所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉94份、氧化锆粉5份和硼粉1份；所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉96份、活性炭粉0.8份、石墨烯粉1.2份和钛粉2份；所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉94份、铝粉2.8份和二硅化钛粉0.8份。
本实施例还提供所述金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
将金刚石粉、氧化锆粉和硼粉混合均匀，制得金刚石混合料；将碳化钼粉、活性炭粉、石墨烯粉和钛粉混合均匀，制得碳化钼混合料；将立方氮化硼粉、铝粉和二硅化钛粉混合均匀，制得立方氮化硼混合料；
先将所述硬质合金基体、所述金刚石混合料、所述碳化钼混合料和所述立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在5.6GPa、 1660℃条件下烧结12min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
性能检测
对实施例1～6得到的金刚石多层复合刀具的硬度、耐冲击性能和导热系数进行测试。测试结果参见表1。
具体的，采用FM-ARS900半自动显微测量系统进行硬度测试；先将实施例1～6得到的金刚石多层复合刀具在700～800℃加热3min，再采用落球式抗冲击试验仪进行耐冲击性能测试，试验所用钢球质量为：0.77kg，落球距离为：30cm；按照标准ASTM E1461-2007进行导热性能测试。
表1实施例1～6得到的金刚石多层复合刀具的性能参数
由表1可知，本发明提供的金刚石多层复合刀具具有硬度高、韧性好的优点，适于工业切削应用。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (9)

1.一种金刚石多层复合刀具，其特征在于，它包括硬质合金基体和依次设置在所述硬质合金基体表面的聚晶金刚石层、碳化钼材料层与聚晶立方氮化硼层。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的金刚石多层复合刀具，其特征在于，所述聚晶金刚石层包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉 90～95份、氧化锆粉 4.7～6份和硼粉 0.3～4份。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的金刚石多层复合刀具，其特征在于，所述碳化钼材料层包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉 96～98份、活性炭粉 0.2～0.8份、石墨烯粉 0.3～1.2份和钛粉 1.5～4份。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的金刚石多层复合刀具，其特征在于，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉 93～95份、铝粉2.5～7份和二硅化钛粉 0.5～1份。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的金刚石多层复合刀具，其特征在于，所述硬质合金的厚度为5～15 mm，所述聚晶金刚石层的厚度为1～2 mm，所述碳化钼材料层的厚度为0.3～1 mm，所述聚晶立方氮化硼层的厚度为3～5 mm。
6.一种权利要求1所述的金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
先将所述硬质合金基体、金刚石混合料、碳化钼混合料和立方氮化硼混合料依次装入金属铌杯中，分层压实定型，再在4～7 GPa、1600～1800℃条件下烧结5～25 min，得到所述金刚石多层复合刀具。
7. 根据权利要求6所述的金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其特征在于，所述金刚石混合料包括以下质量份的原料：金刚石粉 90～95份、氧化锆粉 4.7～6份和硼粉 0.3～4份。
8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其特征在于，所述碳化钼混合料包括以下质量份的原料：碳化钼粉 96～98份、活性炭粉 0.2～0.8份、石墨烯粉0.3～1.2份和钛粉 1.5～4份。
9. 根据权利要求8所述的金刚石多层复合刀具的制备方法，其特征在于，所述立方氮化硼混合料包括以下质量份的原料：立方氮化硼粉 93～95份、铝粉2.5～7份和二硅化钛粉0.5～1份。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111005725A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-04-14 福建省万龙新材料科技有限公司 一种用于链臂锯链条的刀座组件
CN111005725B (zh) * 2019-12-20 2021-09-24 福建省万龙新材料科技有限公司 一种用于链臂锯链条的刀座组件

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