CN109691387A - A kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape - Google Patents
A kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN109691387A CN109691387A CN201910083278.2A CN201910083278A CN109691387A CN 109691387 A CN109691387 A CN 109691387A CN 201910083278 A CN201910083278 A CN 201910083278A CN 109691387 A CN109691387 A CN 109691387A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention belongs to cabbage type rape breeding technical fields, disclose a kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape, and cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility keeps the breeding of system and its Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line；The breeding of sterile hybrid: planting the cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterile line of breeding, hybridized with self-mating system, obtain (sterile line × homonucleus alloplasm holding is 1) × it keeps being 2, ternary hybrid, is male sterility；Self-mating system includes self compatible line, conventional kind and self incompatible line, is that male sterile with radish cytoplasm keeps system.The present invention utilizes cabbage type rape Cyto-plasmtc male sterile system, successfully select the cenospecies of infertility, seed cannot be harvested, kind is used to be non-oil, high biological yield cabbage type rape breeding of new variety will be accelerated, promote non-oil plantation and popularization with cabbage type rape in crop field, the promotion multi-functional utilization of cabbage type rape.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cabbage type rape breeding technical field more particularly to a kind of male sterile brassica type cross rapes
Selection.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such that
Cabbage type rape (also known as rape) is the major oil crops in China, and the edible vegetable oil in China 40% is from oil
Vegetable seed, wherein cenospecies cultivated area accounts for 80% or more of China's rape gross area.Cabbage type rape heterosis utilization approach
Including (Fu Tingdong chief editor, cross-bred rapes such as cytoplasmic male sterility, nuclear male sterility, the not affine and chemical emasculations of selfing
Breeding and utilization, Hubei science tech publishing house, 2000).
The premise of heterosis utilization first is that maternal infertility thoroughly and is stablized.Rape cell kernel male sterile has infertility
Property stable advantage, but there is separation in its fertility, in the production of hybrid seeds, need to pull out 50% in sterile line in cabbage type rape flowering stage
Fertile plant, can not only reduce hybrid seed yield, increase breeding cost, and often due to fertile plant is difficult to thoroughly pull out, influence
Seed production purity increases production risk.Chemical emasculation effect is unstable, is influenced by environment and plant development process, thus produces
Purity of hybrid it is not high.Heterosis utilization another is on condition that cenospecies has advantage.Rapeseed cytoplasmic male sterile
Recovery resource is few, thus is not easy to screen strong superior hybrid crosses.In addition, fertility identification, sterile line propagation, female parent and male parent breeding etc.
Difficulty or ease of aspect etc. also influence cabbage type rape heterosis utilization.Be selfed not affine phenotype it is not intuitive, thus identify time-consuming expense
The shortcomings that power.Current utilize is most widely cabbage type rape pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) (Pol CMS) and radish cell
Matter male sterility (Ogura CMS) three systems (sterile line keeps system, restorer) cenospecies, i.e. (sterile line × holding system) × extensive
Multiple system is breeding male sterile lines first with homonucleus alloplasm holding, then hybridizes to obtain three line hybrid seed with restorer again.Pol
CMS and Ogura CMS has a potential cytoplasm negative effect, recovery resource it is few thus be not easy to screen strong superior hybrid crosses, protect
Hold be with the breeding period of restorer it is long the disadvantages of.Pol CMS is natural mutation, and breeding, which is stablized, keeps system difficult.Ogura CMS is
Radish cytoplasm is artificially transferred to cabbage type rape to create, sterility is intuitive, thorough and stable, the Wild cabbage type of cultivation
Rape is all that it keeps system.
Cabbage type rape not only oil use, but also can spend use, honey use, dish use, it is feeding and it is fertile with etc..With oil to harvest
Different for the purpose of seed, the objective trait of other purposes is the biological yields such as leaf, stem, tongue fur, flower bud.Current situation is, oily with sweet
Blue type rape variety also serves as other purposes, and since cabbage type rape biological yield and grain yield do not have positive connection, seed is produced
High kind is measured, biological yield is not necessarily high, thus, it is necessary to the specific breed of the high biological yield of breeding.Comprehensive wild cabbage
Type rape heterosis utilizes the characteristics of each approach, and flower is used, honey is used, dish is used, it is feeding and it is fertile with etc. rapes other purposes
Characteristic, the present invention propose a kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape, and the cenospecies male sterility of incubation is opened
Flower but do not set seeds, be exclusively used in rape flower use, honey use, dish use, it is feeding and it is fertile with etc. the other purposes of rapes.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
(1) prior art is directed to the breeding side of the oily Brassica napus hybrid kind kind for the purpose of harvesting seed
Method, it is desirable that kind can normally bloom, be selfed and set seeds, thus must have restorer, the cenospecies of restorer and sterile line configuration
It must be thoroughly fertile.
The prior art lacks the breeding of the Brassica napus hybrid kind for the purpose of harvesting the biological yields such as leaf, stem, tongue fur, flower bud
Method.
The cabbage type rape variety pollen that the prior art is bred as is fertile, and selfing can obtain offspring, can be in self progeny
Screening advantage plant, thus, it cannot fully be protected.
Prior art inspection target is grain yield of rapeseed, rather than the biological production of the rapeseed plants body such as leaf, stem, tongue fur, flower bud
Amount.
(2) Pol CMS and Ogura the CMS cenospecies of prior art breeding is three systems (sterile line keeps system, restorer)
Cenospecies, that there are recovery resources is few, the disadvantages of being kept for the breeding period of system and restorer long.
(3) Pol CMS and Ogura the CMS cenospecies of prior art breeding, since Pol CMS is natural mutation, Ogura
CMS is radish cytoplasm to be artificially transferred to cabbage type rape to create, thus recovery resource is few, extremely limited recovery resource conduct
Pol CMS or Ogura the CMS restorer hereditary difference that parent is bred as is small, is not easy to screen strong superior hybrid crosses.
(4) there is the rape cell kernel male sterile of the prior art sterility there is separation, in the production of hybrid seeds, need in wild cabbage
Type rape flowering stage pulls out in sterile line 50% fertile plant, can not only reduce hybrid seed yield, increases breeding cost, and often
Since fertile plant is difficult to thoroughly pull out, seed production purity is influenced, increases production risk.Chemical emasculation effect is unstable, by environment and
Plant development process influences, thus the purity of hybrid produced is not high.Be selfed not affine phenotype it is not intuitive, thus identify and take
When laborious disadvantage.
Solve the difficulty of above-mentioned technical problem:
Although cabbage type rape heterosis utilization approach is more, including cytoplasmic male sterility, nuclear male sterility, from
Not affine and chemical emasculation etc. is handed over, but the prior art is directed to the oil Brassica napus hybrid for the purpose of harvesting seed
The selection of kind, it is desirable that cenospecies can normally bloom, be selfed and set seeds, thus must not only have restorer, by sterile line
Sterility thoroughly revert to it is fertile, and sterile line fertility regardless of from and stablize.Cabbage type rape nuclear male sterility tool
It is separated with the presence of fertility, chemical emasculation approach has the disadvantages of purity of hybrid for polluting environment and producing is not high.Current state
Interior, overseas utilization it is most be cabbage type rape pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) system (Pol cms) and radish cell respectively
Matter male sterility (Ogura cms) system, however it remains potential cytoplasm negative effect, recovery resource are few, holding is and restorer
The disadvantages of breeding period is long.Since recovery resource is few, Pol CMS or Ogura that extremely limited recovery resource is bred as parent
CMS restorer hereditary difference is small, and hybrid vigour is extremely limited.It is also served as by cabbage type rape variety of the oil for the purpose of
Its purposes, since cabbage type rape biological yield and grain yield do not have positive connection, the high kind of grain yield, biological production
It measures not necessarily high.
Solve the meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
The present invention utilizes cabbage type rape Cyto-plasmtc male sterile system, successfully selects the cenospecies of infertility, cannot
Seed is harvested, uses kind to be non-oil, high biological yield cabbage type rape breeding of new variety will be accelerated, promote non-oil Wild cabbage type oil
Plantation and popularization, promotion cabbage type rape multi-functional utilization of the dish in crop field.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of breedings of male sterile brassica type cross rape
Method.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape includes:
Step 1, cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility keep the breeding of system and its Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line；
Step 2, the breeding of sterile hybrid: the cabbage type rape radish cytoplasm male of plantation step (one) breeding
Property sterile line (sterile line × homonucleus alloplasm holding be 1), hybridized with self-mating system (holding is 2), obtain (sterile line × same core
Heterogeneous holding is that 1) × holding is 2, ternary hybrid, is male sterility；Self-mating system include self compatible line, conventional kind and selfing not
Affine system.
Further, cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility keeps the breeding of system to specifically include: rape florescence pair
Hybrid plant carries out bagging selfing, obtains F2Seed, the F of harvest plant bagging selfing2Seed；
Male sterile plants are selected in florescence, hybridizes with conventional kind, obtains F1Seed；
F is analyzed in florescence1The fertility of plant, the pollen of whole plant all infertility are cabbage type rape radish cytoplasm male
Property infertility holding system.
Further, with keep being that the breeding of Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line specifically includes: go bail in florescence hold the pollen that is with
F1Plant hybridization obtains the first generation BC of backcrossing1Seed；
It is pollen and BC that florescence, which goes bail for and holds,1Plant hybridization obtains the second generation BC of backcrossing2Seed；Repeat above-mentioned breeding step
Suddenly, BC is obtained5Seed；Plant BC5Seed obtains the radish cytoplasmic male sterility of homonucleus alloplasm.
Further, the breeding of male sterile brassica type cross rape specifically includes: to be the trailing plants of homonucleus alloplasm with holding
Foretelling cytoplasmic male sterile line plant is female parent, is hybridized with self-mating system, obtains cenospecies.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The present invention utilizes cabbage type rape radish Cyto-plasmtc male sterile system, successfully selects male sterile wild cabbage
Type cross rape.A kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape proposed by the present invention, what is utilized is wild cabbage
Type rape male sterile with radish cytoplasm has the characteristics that sterility is intuitive, thorough and stable, overcomes the rape of the prior art
There is nuclear male sterility sterility to have the defects that the unstable deficiency of separation, chemical emasculation effect, be selfed not affine table
The non-intuitive disadvantage of type.The cenospecies of breeding of the present invention is (sterile line × homonucleus alloplasm holding be 1) × it is miscellaneous that holding, which is 2 " three,
Kind, breeding restorer is not needed, not only the procedure of breeding is simple, and overcomes the restoring gene of Ogura CMS in the prior art
It with the other bad linkages of characters of radish, sometimes loses, the defects of breeding period of restorer is long.In the present invention, sterile line
Cenospecies is configured with self-mating system, self-mating system includes self compatible line, conventional kind and self incompatible line, and cultivation cabbage type rape is all
It is that it keeps system, thus configuration hybrid is very flexible, is easy to select strong advantage hybrid.The cenospecies that the present invention selects is hero
Property infertility, normally bloom but do not set seeds, be effectively protected the intellectual property and breeder's equity of breeder.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the selection flow chart of male sterile brassica type cross rape provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
The prior art is directed to the selection of the oily Brassica napus hybrid kind kind for the purpose of harvesting seed,
It is required that kind can normally bloom, be selfed and set seeds, thus there must be restorer, restorer and the cenospecies that sterile line configures are necessary
It is thoroughly fertile.
The prior art lacks the selection of the Brassica napus hybrid kind for the purpose of harvesting leaf, stem, tongue fur, flower bud etc..
The cabbage type rape variety pollen that the prior art is bred as is fertile, and selfing can obtain offspring, can be in self progeny
Screening advantage plant, thus, it cannot fully protect kind.
Prior art inspection target is grain yield of rapeseed, rather than the biological production of the rapeseed plants body such as leaf, stem, tongue fur, flower bud
Amount.
In order to solve the above technical problems, below with reference to technical solution, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
Step 1, cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility keep the breeding of system and its Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line.
Step 2, the breeding of sterile hybrid: the cabbage type rape radish cytoplasm male of plantation step (one) breeding
Property sterile line (sterile line × homonucleus alloplasm holding be 1), hybridized with self-mating system (holding is 2), obtain (sterile line × same core
Heterogeneous holding is that 1) × holding is 2, ternary hybrid, is male sterility；Self-mating system include self compatible line, conventional kind and selfing not
Affine system is that male sterile with radish cytoplasm keeps system.
The invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1
1), cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility keeps the breeding of system: in September, 2013 is oily with sweet in Wuhan plantation
Blue type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility cenospecies " miscellaneous No. 12 of cloud oil " (passes through Yunnan Province's Crop breed audit in 2014
Committee's authorization, rape 2016001 is examined in Yunnan).Rape florescence in March, 2014 carries out bagging selfing to hybrid plant, obtains
F2Seed, the F of harvest plant bagging selfing2Seed；In May, 2014 sows F in Gansu Hezheng County2Seed, 10 rows, about 100 plants,
Male sterile plants are selected in florescence, with conventional kind " China is No. 3 double " (authorizing by Hubei Province within 1998), " China is No. 5 double "
(2004 by country's authorization, state examine oil 2004006), " in double No. 10 " (by Hubei Province's authorization, pass through for 2003 for 2005
Country's authorization), " in double No. 11 " (by country's authorization, state examines oil and 2008030) hybridizes within 2008, obtains F1Seed.2014 9
The moon sows F in Wuhan1Seed, spring in 2015 investigate F in florescence1The pollen of the fertility of plant, whole plant is all sterile, says
Bright " China double No. 3 ", " China is No. 5 double ", " in No. 10 double " and " in pair No. 11 " are all cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility
Holding system.
2), the breeding with " China is No. 5 double " Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line " double No. 5 A of China ": spring in 2015 goes bail in florescence holds
The pollen and its F of system " China is No. 5 double "1Plant hybridization obtains the first generation BC of backcrossing1Seed.Summer in 2015 plants BC1Seed,
Florescence BC1Plant is all male sterility, takes " China is No. 5 double " pollen and BC1Plant hybridization obtains the second generation BC of backcrossing2Kind
Son.Above-mentioned breeding step is repeated, BC is obtained5Seed.Summer in 2017 plants BC5Seed, BC5Plant is all sterile, with " China double 5
Number " plant other characters other than fertility are almost consistent, it obtains with the radish cytoplasm male of " China is No. 5 double " homonucleus alloplasm not
Educate is " double No. 5 A of China "." double No. 5 A of China " flowering, gynoecium is upright, and staminody does not have pollen.
3), the breeding of male sterile brassica type cross rape: summer in 2017 is female parent with " double No. 5 A of China " plant,
Hybridize respectively with " China double No. 3 ", " in No. 10 double ", " in No. 11 double ", obtains 3 cenospecies: " double No. 5 A × China pair 3, China ",
" double No. 5 A of China × in No. 10 double ", " double No. 5 A of China × in No. 11 double ".In September, 2017 carries out field trial in field seeding, presses
Randomized block experiment design, 3 repetitions, plot area 10m2.Flowering stage observation, 3 cenospecies all male sterility are not spent
Powder.Spring in 2018 plucks the main a kind of sedge of dish cenospecies and side a kind of sedge, is converted into per mu yield." double No. 5 A of China × in No. 10 double " highest, is 3050
Kilogram/667m2, it is secondly (2870 kilograms/667m of " double No. 5 A × China pair 3, China "2), be finally " double No. 5 A of China × in double 11
Number " (2760 kilograms/667m2)。
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape, which is characterized in that the male sterile brassica type oil
The selection of dish cenospecies includes:
Step 1, cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmic male sterility keep the breeding of system and its Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line；
Step 2, the breeding of sterile hybrid: the cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmatic male of plantation step (one) breeding is not
Educating is (sterile line × homonucleus alloplasm holding is 1), is hybridized with self-mating system (holding is 2), obtains (sterile line × homonucleus alloplasm
Holding is that 1) × holding is 2, ternary hybrid, is male sterility；Self-mating system includes that self compatible line, conventional kind and selfing be not affine
System.
2. the selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that Wild cabbage type oil
Dish male sterile with radish cytoplasm keeps the breeding of system to specifically include: rape florescence carries out bagging selfing to hybrid plant, obtains
To F2Seed, the F of harvest plant bagging selfing2Seed；
Male sterile plants are selected in florescence, hybridizes with conventional kind, obtains F1Seed；
F is analyzed in florescence1The fertility of plant, the pollen of whole plant all infertility be cabbage type rape radish cytoplasmatic male not
The holding system educated.
3. the selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be with holding
The breeding of Homonucleus-heteroplasmic CMS line specifically includes: going bail for the pollen and F held and be in florescence1Plant hybridization, obtains backcrossing first
Generation BC1Seed；
It is pollen and BC that florescence, which goes bail for and holds,1Plant hybridization obtains the second generation BC of backcrossing2Seed；Above-mentioned breeding step is repeated,
Obtain BC5Seed；Plant BC5Seed, obtains and holding is the radish cytoplasmic male sterility of homonucleus alloplasm.
4. the selection of male sterile brassica type cross rape as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that male sterility
The breeding of Brassica napus hybrid kind specifically includes: with keep being that the radish cytoplasmic male sterility plant of homonucleus alloplasm is
Female parent is hybridized with self-mating system, obtains cenospecies.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112189563A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-08 | 西南大学 | Method for accelerating transformation of cytoplasmic male sterile line of brassica napus |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081800A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-08 | 湖南农业大学 | Breeding method of novel cytoplasmic sterile line of cabbage type rapes |
| CN104054572A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-24 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Method for synchronously improving cytoplasmic male sterile parents of three lines of brassica napus |
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2019
- 2019-01-28 CN CN201910083278.2A patent/CN109691387B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103081800A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-08 | 湖南农业大学 | Breeding method of novel cytoplasmic sterile line of cabbage type rapes |
| CN104054572A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-24 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Method for synchronously improving cytoplasmic male sterile parents of three lines of brassica napus |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112189563A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-01-08 | 西南大学 | Method for accelerating transformation of cytoplasmic male sterile line of brassica napus |
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