CN1096901C - Method and device for controlling thickness profile of metal strip resulting from continuous casting between two loose moulds - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling thickness profile of metal strip resulting from continuous casting between two loose moulds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1096901C CN1096901C CN99803471A CN99803471A CN1096901C CN 1096901 C CN1096901 C CN 1096901C CN 99803471 A CN99803471 A CN 99803471A CN 99803471 A CN99803471 A CN 99803471A CN 1096901 C CN1096901 C CN 1096901C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- liquid metal
- injector
- sideboard
- tank
- injection device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/064—Accessories therefor for supplying molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/14—Closures
Abstract
The invention concerns a continuous casting method between loose moulds of a metal strip comprising metal liquid supply from a device including an injection tank located upstream of an injector, said liquid metal being distributed through said injector downstream end into the air gap of the loose moulds. The invention is characterised in that it consists in deforming the liquid metal solidification interface between the loose moulds to correct and obtain the desired strip thickness profile, said deformation resulting in particular from a mobile baffle, capable of being displaced and oriented in all directions and located in the injector tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of be used for by between movable crystallizer (for example between block, between band, between block and band, perhaps preferably between the roll of cooling) continuous casting obtain to have the method and apparatus of the thin metal strip of in check and constant thickness section.Particularly, the present invention relates to aluminium and alloy thereof.
Background technology
Continuous casting installation for casting between the movable crystallizer generally includes one liquid metal is fed into a stove in the injection device, and this injection device is assigned to described liquid metal in the air gap between the movable crystallizer equably by a chute.This device comprises at least one injector, and its downstream has the width identical with the width of sheet metal strip to be cast, and in this injector, the shape at its sprue gate and the shape of crystallizer are complementary; It also comprises an injection tank that is positioned at described injector upstream usually.Such casting can produce thickness usually at 2 to 20mm band.
Be always to attempt to obtain to have the band of given thickness and constant thickness section, to be adapted to the later application of band in the process of the band (usually greater than 1m) that continuous casting between the movable crystallizer is wide.Usually, this section should be to be convex slightly, and two edges of band should be even and constant simultaneously; This convexity is calculated as the ratio of the thickness difference between core and the marginal portion with respect to the thickness of core, and is typically about 0.5 to 1%.
Very crucial is, this section should be controlled well and keep constant, and for thin strip, particularly thickness is less than the thinnest band of 5mm, and this is very unapproachable.
Rolling equipment can provide a tolerance as absolute value, and under the situation of thin strip, it is corresponding to the increase of the tolerance of representing with relative value; But purpose is to obtain minimum possible relative tolerance, and therefore, this just means that when the thickness of thin strip reduced, absolute tolerance should be maintained in the strict more limit.
For example, aspect the convexity of band, desired relative tolerance is generally ± and 0.2%, for the thick band of 5mm, when its convexity was 0.7% (35 μ m), its tolerance (± 0.2%) equaled ± 10 μ m, and for the thick band of 2.5mm, when its convexity was 0.7% (17.5 μ m), ± 0.2% tolerance became ± 5 μ m, and this is difficult to reach.
The thickness of this band is to be provided by the size of air gap and casting speed, and air gap is produced by the active force that is applied on the metal by roll when metal solidifies and after solidifying.
The prerequisite that obtains constant thickness is to have the uniform liquid metal stream of speed and temperature in injection device, so that one of acquisition may the most uniform sharp side of solidifying in air gap.As known in the rolling technique, this uniformity reaches by means of the known known regulator that is applied to the lubricated and cooling etc. of active force on the metal, casting speed, roll by roll that comprises.For example, fortune is at patent US 4550767 (ALcoa), and 4751958 (Hunter) carried out description among 5452827 (Eckert).
(for example, convexity, edge thickness etc.) conventional means comprises that change is applied to the distribution of the active force on the metal by roll, the cooling that changes roll lubricated with in the convexity of adjusting them and/or the appropriate change casting process to be used to adjust the thickness profile of thin strip.
For example, patent EP 0407978 (Hunter) and US 4944342 (Lauener) are illustrated these distinct methods to change hot convexity by the cooling of description control roll; Patent EP 0228038 (Alcoa) has described moment and power has been controlled, so that the position on sharp side is solidified in control; Patent WO 95/23662 (Davy Mc Kee) has described how to obtain uniform crystallizer lubricated; Patent EP 0081848 (Hazelet) has described for the casting between band and how to have controlled so that keep the pressure and the section of band backing roll.Thereby, in all these methods,, solid metal or the metal that solidifying control the thickness profile of band by being taken action.
These measures are not enough to obtain the thickness profile of a rule when casting, also be difficult to carry out simultaneously.If solidify the sharp side is that then these measures may be enough fully uniformly; But, in liquid stream,, will produce disturbance as long as there are some obstacles, this disturbance will inevitably cause described defective of solidifying in the sharp side, and obstacle recited above is common in liquid stream.
Therefore, the applicant seeks that a kind of utilization can replace or the simple means of additional traditional method is improved uniformity and controlled the method for thickness profile, described thickness profile need remain within the margin of tolerance by subsequently pressure processing company defined, and the requirement of this margin of tolerance is more inaccessible for thin band.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is a kind of method that is used for continuous casting of metal band between movable crystallizer, comprise feeding liquid metal in an injection device, described injection device comprises at least one injector and the injection tank that can randomly be positioned at described injector upstream side, the downstream of described liquid metal by described injector is assigned in the air gap between the movable crystallizer, it is characterized in that, in order to obtain required thickness of strip section, the sharp side of solidifying of liquid metal is out of shape between the metallic crystal device.
Liquid metal solidify sharp side representative with liquid phase and the separated interface of solid phase and be positioned at air gap.
The applicant seeks a kind of method that only acts on the liquid metal thus, so that the inhomogeneity method that is used to control thickness profile additional or replacement is adopted traditionally, and as mentioned above, the method for Cai Yonging is only to the solid metallic or the metal generation effect of solidifying traditionally.
Therefore, present invention resides in exit configuration speed and temperature distribution history of liquid metal injection device, make the distortion of solidifying the sharp side that is obtained meet required thickness of strip section.
It should be noted that very much including an injector and randomly having an injection device that injects tank,, just can obtain the enough effective means of a control thickness of strip section as long as the temperature and/or the flow of liquid towards metal are controlled.
In the past, once did multiple effort and attempted to make that to solidify the sharp side even as much as possible, because this is the prerequisite that obtains good thickness of strip section.For example, above-mentioned patent documentation US4751958 (Hunter) has described injector and comprises and be designed to make the liquid metal in the injector to flow uniform partition.
As mentioned above, injection device can comprise that one is positioned at the injector upstream side and connects thereon injection tank, and its effect is the preliminary distribution of control liquid metal, and the effect of injector then is to improve this distribution and liquid metal is sent in the air gap.
Liquid metal generally includes a bottom and two sidewalls in the injection tank of wherein casting.
Injector generally includes a bottom, two sidewalls and the roof in the face of the bottom; Sidewall can be convergence, parallel or disperse; That normally restrain with roof the bottom or parallel.Thereby its downstream is made into certain shape liquid metal to enter between movable crystallizer or the roll and is distributed on its whole width.
At least adopt one of following method to make and solidify the sharp side distortion.
At first, at least one can be generally plane and be positioned over and inject in the tank and laterally and at least in part block liquid metal stream by the sideboard that one or several parts are made; According to the present invention, at interval it to be kept apart with the sidewall that injects tank be very useful if having one in each side of baffle plate.This width at interval for the width that injects tank 40% to 95% between.
Sideboard can move or rotates along several directions.Therefore, it can vertically slide or by increasing in the lateral separation of one end and correspondingly reducing the lateral separation of its other end simultaneously and laterally moved; This mobile making solidified the sharp side distortion.Its side can vertically and/or flatly move independently of each other.This baffle plate can rotate around horizontal axis, vertical axis or tilt axis, and perhaps it can move forward or backward, in other words, moves along the direction that is parallel to liquid metal stream.Its displacement also can be the combination of all these motions.
When baffle plate was made up of several parts, each parts can be mutually independent, and ground is vertical to be moved.
These simple motions can be used to adjust the temperature and the velocity distribution curve of liquid metal stream, thereby make according to required mode and to solidify the sharp side and deform, particularly, be used to control the thickness profile of band because this baffle plate also is included in the passage at its each side place except that foot passage.
In order to make this baffle plate more effective, make it usually to be complementary with the shape of injecting tank, and when baffle plate be when making by several parts, this point is easy to accomplish.The width that injects tank is the littlest like the width of injector.
Can also at least one swinging deflector apron be installed in injector, between bottom and end face, it preferably has the profile of a similar aircraft wing.As mentioned above, it adjusts flowing of liquid metal, thereby has also just adjusted the temperature distribution history of liquid metals; But, preferably with its with doing to the replenishing of baffle plate, because it is not easy to install.
Thereby another possibility is the temperature that is used for local change liquid metal stream to be installed make the device that solidifies the sharp side distortion, for example, utilize heat screen or activity heat shielding, perhaps utilize on the wall be installed in injection device (inject tank or preferably injector) or in the wall or be contained in heating and/or cooling device in the liquid metal.These devices can comprise a plurality of resistance and/or a plurality of heating and/or cooling fluid (liquid or gas) pipe, and they are across the distribution outwardly of injection device or be embedded in its wall and feeding fluid independently.
Use sideboard respectively or in combination, swinging deflector apron or temperature control equipment can be adjusted the temperature and/or the speed of liquid metal stream partly, and it uses very easy and can make the uniformity of solidifying the sharp side distortion and controlling the thickness of strip section that will obtain effectively.
Consequently, solidify the sharp side distortion, can compensate with of the adjustment and the control of a kind of beyond thought mode to the scrambling of continuous casting between the movable crystallizer by suitably making.
Thereby, for example when the continuous check to the thickness profile of thin strip shows that thickness in an one edge is not enough, can need not find out the reason ground that causes this defective and increase lateral separation by being displaced sideways sideboard corresponding to this edge, then it is revised, so that local and will solidify the sharp side pushed home apace.
When the convexity of band is too high, baffle plate itself can be raise or when baffle plate be some parts in its central module of only raising when being made from multiple components, perhaps limit its heat loss, perhaps can in zone, heat corresponding to the thick of band by increasing effect of heat insulation.
The invention still further relates to a kind of device that solidifies the sharp side distortion that is used to make, in other words, the present invention relates to a kind of device that between movable crystallizer, carries out continuous casting, this device has a liquid metal feeder, this feeder comprises at least one injector, an optional injection tank that is positioned at described injector upstream side, and at least one following apparatus:
-by the sideboard that one or several parts constitute, it laterally and at least in part stops the liquid metal stream that injects in the tank,
-at least one swinging deflector apron, it preferably has the profile of similar aircraft wing, and is located in the injector,
-in injection device, change the device of the temperature of liquid metal partly.
Baffle plate can be provided with the flap valve that is positioned at its each end, so that change laterally spaced size.
The rotation of displacement of one of baffle plate or its parts and/or baffle plate or deflector apron and/or local adjustment can be used as viewed defective and liquid metal feed characteristic the automation of function ground or carry out SERVO CONTROL.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents to be used for according to operation of the present invention and comprises the liquid metal feeding system of a sideboard.At described sideboard is under the situation about being made of single parts, and this feeding system is illustrated by a cutaway view (a) and a plane (b), and when described sideboard comprised several vertically adjustable parts, this feeding system was illustrated by front view (c).
Fig. 2 represents the result's that the method according to this invention obtains a example.
The specific embodiment
In Fig. 1, the height of the liquid metal of feeding can be indicated by label 7, and the feed system of liquid metal comprises the input chute 1 of a liquid metal; One is injected tank 2, and it has a baffle plate 3 that can move according to the present invention on several directions, solidifies the sharp side distortion so that make; And an injector 4, the appearance profile at output sprue gate 5 wherein and the movable crystallizer of importing liquid metal therebetween match.As can be seen, in each side of baffle plate 3 interval 6 is arranged all, it separates the edge of baffle plate and injector 2.Fig. 1 (c) shows each parts 31 that constitute sideboard 3 ... 35, they can move both vertically relative to one another; Can be for example by described parts 32,34 position occupied 32a, 34a dots.
Fig. 2 represents, when making when solidifying the sharp side distortion by the position that changes sideboard as shown in Figure 1 continuously, the thickness of strip section of measuring with X-ray thickness gauge over time.As can be seen, at moment t, the edge of band is asymmetric fully, wherein have a chock effect (representing with BASC), it is thickness poor at two edges, equals 166 μ m, this is too big, and convexity (representing with BOMBE) is 1.24%, and this is big too, is offset to right hand edge fully simultaneously.As can be seen from the figure, thereby only change at mobile sideboard after the feeding of liquid metal within half an hour, the convexity of chock effect and undue skew has just obtained proofreading and correct, and its end value is respectively less than 55 μ m and is about 0.5%, is the numerical value that is difficult to reach such with other any method.
Claims (10)
1. method that is used for continuous casting of metal band between movable crystallizer, comprise to an injection device feeding liquid metal, described injection device comprises at least one injector and an optional injection tank that is positioned at described injector upstream side, the downstream of described liquid metal by described injector is assigned in the air gap between the movable crystallizer, it is characterized in that, the sharp side of solidifying of liquid metal is deformed between movable crystallizer, so that obtain required thickness of strip section.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, solidifies the sharp side distortion by at least a the making in the following method:
Move or rotate a sideboard that moves both vertically (3) that comprises one or several parts, described baffle plate is placed on and injects in the tank (2) and can laterally stop liquid metal stream;
Rotate at least one deflector apron, described deflector apron preferably has the profile of aircraft wing and is positioned at injector;
Utilization is arranged on the wall of described injection device or is embedded in the described wall, and the perhaps device that directly contact with liquid metal locally changes the temperature that the interior liquid metal of injection device flows.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the sideboard (3) that comprises one or several parts only occupies the partial width of liquid metal stream in injecting tank (2), and be preferably this width 40% to 95% between.
4. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, sideboard (3) with respect to liquid metal stream vertically, laterally or the motion of ground, front and back perhaps around vertical axis, water axis or tilt axis rotation, perhaps carries out the aggregate motion of above-mentioned motion.
5. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that the parts of sideboard can move vertically.
6. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the parts of active catch can move vertically.
7. as claim 2 or 3 described methods, it is characterized in that, by heat screen or activity heat shielding, perhaps be arranged on the wall that injects tank (2) or preferably be arranged on injector (4) or in the wall, or the heating that directly contact with liquid metal or cooling device or its any combination and change the temperature of liquid metal partly.
One kind the cooling movable crystallizer between the continuous casting metal strip casting apparatus, be used for implementing any one described method according to claim 1 to 7, described device comprises at least one injector (4), an optional injection tank (2) that is positioned at the upstream side of described injector (4), and at least one following apparatus:
A sideboard (3) that comprises one or more parts, this baffle plate can move vertically and laterally, and blocks the liquid metal stream that injects in the tank (2) at least in part,
At least one swinging deflector apron, it preferably has the profile of aircraft wing and places in the injector,
In injection device, change the device of the temperature of liquid metal partly.
9. device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, sideboard can be with respect to the motion vertically, laterally or abreast of liquid metal stream.
10. install as claimed in claim 8 or 9, it is characterized in that, sideboard can rotate with respect to vertical axis, horizontal axis or tilt axis, does not occupy the whole width of described liquid metal stream simultaneously.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9803332A FR2775916B1 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1998-03-13 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE THICKNESS PROFILE OF A THIN METAL STRIP OBTAINED BY CONTINUOUS CASTING BETWEEN MOBILE MOLDS |
| FR98/03332 | 1998-03-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1291925A CN1291925A (en) | 2001-04-18 |
| CN1096901C true CN1096901C (en) | 2002-12-25 |
Family
ID=9524202
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99803471A Expired - Fee Related CN1096901C (en) | 1998-03-13 | 1999-03-10 | Method and device for controlling thickness profile of metal strip resulting from continuous casting between two loose moulds |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1062065B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010041761A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1096901C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR014717A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2732599A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9909259A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69904451T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2775916B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20004551D0 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR200002640T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999047293A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10618107B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2020-04-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Variable thickness continuous casting for tailor rolling |
| WO2023192797A1 (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | Novelis Inc. | Automatic dam positioning systems and methods for controlling molten metal distribution to continuous casters |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4550767A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-11-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Roll caster apparatus having uniform flow of molten metal into novel nozzle tip assembly |
| US4751958A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1988-06-21 | Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. | Continuous casting aluminum alloy |
| US5452827A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-09-26 | Eckert; C. Edward | Nozzle for continuous caster |
| EP0407978B1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1995-12-20 | Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. | Roll casting machine crown control |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3799410A (en) * | 1972-05-25 | 1974-03-26 | Nat Steel Corp | Feed tip for continuous casting machine |
| FR2398565A1 (en) * | 1977-07-27 | 1979-02-23 | Scal Gp Condit Aluminium | LIQUID METAL FEED NOZZLE FOR CONTINUOUS TAPE CASTING MACHINE |
| CH633205A5 (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1982-11-30 | Alusuisse | DEVICE FOR FEEDING A METAL MELT IN BAND CASTING. |
| CA1192373A (en) * | 1981-12-14 | 1985-08-27 | Robert W. Hazelett | Method and system for shaping the casting region in a twin-belt continuous casting machine for improving heat transfer and product uniformity and enhanced machine performance |
| US4678023A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1987-07-07 | Aluminum Company Of America | Closed loop delivery gauge control in roll casting |
| US4716956A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1988-01-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Roll caster feed tip and method |
| CH674166A5 (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1990-05-15 | Lauener Eng Ag | |
| GB9404109D0 (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1994-04-20 | Davy Mckee Poole | Lubrication of casting rolls |
| FR2737430B1 (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-09-05 | Pechiney Rhenalu | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STARTING A CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE BETWEEN CYLINDERS |
-
1998
- 1998-03-13 FR FR9803332A patent/FR2775916B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-10 DE DE69904451T patent/DE69904451T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-10 AU AU27325/99A patent/AU2732599A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-10 BR BR9909259-0A patent/BR9909259A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-10 WO PCT/FR1999/000527 patent/WO1999047293A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-10 TR TR2000/02640T patent/TR200002640T2/en unknown
- 1999-03-10 CN CN99803471A patent/CN1096901C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-10 KR KR1020007010006A patent/KR20010041761A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-03-10 EP EP99907673A patent/EP1062065B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-12 AR ARP990101089A patent/AR014717A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2000
- 2000-09-12 NO NO20004551A patent/NO20004551D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4550767A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-11-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Roll caster apparatus having uniform flow of molten metal into novel nozzle tip assembly |
| US4751958A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1988-06-21 | Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. | Continuous casting aluminum alloy |
| EP0407978B1 (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1995-12-20 | Hunter Engineering Company, Inc. | Roll casting machine crown control |
| US5452827A (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 1995-09-26 | Eckert; C. Edward | Nozzle for continuous caster |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR200002640T2 (en) | 2001-01-22 |
| AU2732599A (en) | 1999-10-11 |
| EP1062065B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
| BR9909259A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
| WO1999047293A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 |
| FR2775916B1 (en) | 2000-06-23 |
| CN1291925A (en) | 2001-04-18 |
| DE69904451T2 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
| NO20004551L (en) | 2000-09-12 |
| FR2775916A1 (en) | 1999-09-17 |
| EP1062065A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
| DE69904451D1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
| KR20010041761A (en) | 2001-05-25 |
| AR014717A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
| NO20004551D0 (en) | 2000-09-12 |
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