CN109689276A - Friction stirring connecting method and device - Google Patents
Friction stirring connecting method and device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109689276A CN109689276A CN201780055151.9A CN201780055151A CN109689276A CN 109689276 A CN109689276 A CN 109689276A CN 201780055151 A CN201780055151 A CN 201780055151A CN 109689276 A CN109689276 A CN 109689276A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- rotation tool
- engagement
- heating
- region
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The present invention provides friction stirring connecting method, wherein, utilize the heating mechanism in the front for being set to the rotation tool moved along direction of engagement, implement the pre-heat treatment process heated to the steel plate as machined material, surface temperature, area, the position etc. of the heating region in the pre-heat treatment process are tightly controlled.In the friction-stir engagement for carrying out structural steel, use the rotation tool having with the dynamic friction coefficient of steel plate for 0.6 material below, 65% or more of the heating region area being heated using the heating mechanism in the front for being set to rotation tool is located at the engaging central line on the surface of steel plate and is parallel between the straight line of the engaging central line, the engaging central line is the rotary shaft across rotation tool and the straight line for being parallel to direction of engagement, the straight line for being parallel to the engaging central line is that side of only drawing back separates and the straight line of the identical distance of the rotation maximum radius in pin portion of tool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to following friction stirring connecting method and realize the device of the friction stirring connecting method, the friction
In stirring joint method, by the non-joint portion between rotation tool insertion machined material and move rotation tool while rotating
It is dynamic, the softening is stirred using the softening of the frictional heat bring machined material with the rotation tool and by rotation tool
Plastic Flow caused by portion, to be engaged in the case where not adding packing material.
Background technique
As friction welding, Patent Document 1 discloses following technologies: by make a pair of of metal material both sides or
One Fang Xuanzhuan generates frictional heat on the metal material and makes its softening, while the position by stirring the softening causes to mould
Property flowing, thus metal material is engaged.
However, since the technology is the technology for rotating the metal material as coalesced object, in the gold engaged
Belong to the shape of material, size aspect has limitation.
Patent Document 2 discloses following methods: the work that will be formed by material substantially harder than machined material
The non-joint portion of tool insertion machined material, by moving the tool while rotating, using in tool and processed material
The heat and Plastic Flow generated between material is to alongst continuously engage machined material.
Friction welding documented by patent document 1 is to keep machined material mutually rotating, and utilize machined material
The method that frictional heat each other is welded.Friction stirring joining method disclosed in patent document 2 is consolidated by joint element
It, can be by making tool move the method to be engaged while rotating in the state of fixed.Like this, it is connect in friction-stir
Due to being to engage tool movement in legal, even if having to be substantial endless relative to welding direction
Component also can continuously carry out the advantages of solidstate bonding along its length direction.In addition, because using by tool and joint portion
The Plastic Flow of metal caused by the frictional heat of part carries out solidstate bonding, so can be in the case where melting joint portion
It is engaged.Moreover, there is also following lot of advantages: because heating temperature is low, the deformation after engagement is small；Because of joint portion
It does not melt, so defect is few, moreover, also without packing material；Etc..
Friction stirring joining method is flying as using aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy as the bonding method of the low melting point metal material of representative
Utilization constantly extension in the fields such as machine, ship, rolling stock and automobile.As its reason, it is believed that be due to these eutectics
Point metal material is difficult to obtain the satisfactory characteristic at joint portion using previous arc-welding method, and is connect by using friction-stir
It is legal to can be improved productivity, and the joint portion of high-quality can be obtained.
On the other hand, with regard to friction stirring joining method mainly as building, ship, heavy-duty machinery, pipeline and automobile
The material of equal works and for application in the structural steel that is used, due to can be avoided in previous fusion weld at
Solidification cracking, hydrogen induced cracking for project, and the tissue change of steel can also be inhibited, therefore it can be expected that excellent connector
Energy.In addition, in friction stirring joining method, due to producing clean surface by stirring joint interface using rotation tool and making
Clean surface is in contact with each other, therefore also it can be expected that the advantages of not needing preceding front travel as diffusion bonding.In this way, being stirred with regard to friction
For mixing application of the bonding method in structural steel, it can be expected that lot of advantages.However, compared with low melting point metal material, friction
Universal in structural steel of stirring joining method is not yet made progress, this is because the inhibition that defect generates in engagement, engagement
There are problems in terms of the such engagement application property of the high speed of speed.
In the friction-stir engagement of structural steel, as documented by patent document 3, patent document 4, as rotation
Tool and used polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN), silicon nitride (Si3N4) etc. high abrasion resistances material.Due to these ceramics compared with
It is crisp, the breakage of tool is rotated in order to prevent, and the plate thickness of steel plate to be joined, its execution conditions are subject to significant restrictions.
Patent document 5 and patent document 6 disclose for the purpose for improving engagement application property and add heating mechanism
Joint method.
For example, patent document 5 discloses following friction stirring joining methods: having the heater using induction heating apparatus
Structure carries out the heating of machined material before and after engagement, thus realizes that the high speed of engaging speed, joint portion crackle disappear
It removes.
Patent document 6 discloses following friction-stir engagement devices: it has the heating mechanism using laser aid, shortly
Machined material will partly be heated before engagement, as a result, in the micro-group for inhibiting the heating region periphery caused by preheating
Knit the high speed that engaging speed is realized while variation.
However, not considering to be added by the heating bring before engaging in the technology of patent document 5 and patent document 6
Surface temperature, the depth etc. of work material heating region, therefore it is unable to get adequately engagement application property.Moreover, because excessively heating
And the micro-assembly robot on heating region periphery is changed, thus strong to junction joint characteristic, especially junction joint sometimes
Degree generates adverse effect.
Patent document 7 discloses following friction stirring connecting methods, wherein about before it will engage to machined material
It is partly heated, the position of heating region, surface temperature, depth etc. is defined, obtained sufficient intensity, and
And improve engagement application property.However, absolutely not considering the position and frictional heating (its that the part of machined material is heated
By rotation tool material or be coated in rotation tool surface material and by between grafting material dynamic friction coefficient dominate)
Relationship is influenced on caused by engagement application property.
Existing technical literature
Patent document
Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application 62-183979 bulletin
Patent document 2: Japanese Kohyo 7-505090 bulletin
Patent document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2003-532542 bulletin
Patent document 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2003-532543 bulletin
Patent document 5: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2003-94175 bulletin
Patent document 6: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2005-288474 bulletin
Patent document 7: No. 2015/045299 bulletin of International Publication No.
Summary of the invention
Subject to be solved by the invention
The present invention is made in view of above-mentioned status, it is intended that eliminating when carrying out friction-stir engagement, by quilt
Plastic Flow caused by the underheat of rapidoprint is bad, to realize sufficient intensity and engage the raising of application property.
In particular, the issue of the present invention is to provide following friction stirring connecting method and realizing the dress of the friction stirring connecting method
It sets, in the friction stirring connecting method, it is contemplated that the position of the part heating of machined material and frictional heating are (described to rub
Wipe fever be the material by rotation tool or be coated in rotation tool surface material and by the dynamic friction system between grafting material
Number brings) relationship influenced on caused by engagement application property, and the pre-heat treatment process conditions are closely studied.
The method used for solving the problem
Further investigation has been repeated in present inventor in order to solve the above problems, has as a result obtained following opinions.
A) in the engagement of common friction-stir, engaging required heat source is only between rotation tool and machined material
The frictional heat of generation.Therefore, it when engaging structural steel using friction stirring joining method, is unable to fully ensure for making as quilt
Heat needed for the structural steel softening of rapidoprint.As a result, it is unable to get sufficient Plastic Flow at joint portion, so as to
The deterioration of the engagement application property such as the reduction of engaging speed, generation of joint defect can occur.
In order to avoid the deterioration of engagement application property very important for industrializing above-mentioned technology, it is believed that rub
The pre-heat treatment process before wiping stirring engagement is effective.
B) however, when carrying out the pre-heat treatment process before friction-stir engagement, if preheating quantity becomes excessively, to generate
The problem of micro-assembly robot on heating region periphery changes.Especially, in the high-tension for being able to strengthen using martensitic structure
It, also can be because of geneva on heating region periphery even if carrying out the heating below of ferritic-austenitic phase transition temperature in the case where steel plate
Body anneals and generates softening, significantly reduces junction joint intensity.
Therefore, present inventor has carried out various researchs to the pre-heat treatment process conditions before friction-stir engagement.
As a result, having obtained following opinions:
C) heat source high by using energy densities such as laser, the tight table for controlling the heating region in the pre-heat treatment process
Face temperature, area, position, and suitable control is also carried out to the temperature on the thickness direction of heating region as needed.As a result,
It will not cause the deterioration of the junction joints characteristic such as junction joint intensity, and engagement application property can be improved.
D) following opinions have especially been obtained: about above-mentioned machined material part heat position, according to friction
Fever (its by rotation tool material or be coated in rotation tool surface material and by the dynamic friction coefficient between grafting material
Dominate) relationship, generate improve engagement application property effect region can change.
E) obtained following opinions: in the engagement of common friction-stir, after the completion of engagement, joint portion as letting cool naturally
State, therefore be carried out in the presence of that can not apply based on such thermal history management is implemented in the rolling process when steel manufacture
Micro-assembly robot control such problems.However, being combined at heating by implementing to joint portion after the completion of just engaging
Reason, the process of cooling treatment, can further improve junction joint characteristic.
The present invention is based on above-mentioned opinions, can especially eliminate the engagement that friction stirring connecting method is applied to structural steel
Shi Keneng occur, the Plastic Flow as caused by the underheat of machined material it is bad, thus can realize sufficient intensity, with
And the raising of engagement application property.
That is, purport composition of the invention is as follows.
[1] friction stirring connecting method, wherein by the non-joint portion between rotation tool insertion steel plate and make the rotation work
Tool is moved along direction of engagement while rotating, makes the steel plate using the frictional heat of the rotation tool and the steel plate on one side
Softening using the rotation tool stirs the position that has softened on one side, generates Plastic Flow thus to which steel plate be engaged with each other,
Wherein, the rotation tool have shoulder and be configured at the shoulder and with the shoulder share rotary shaft pin portion, the shoulder and
The pin portion is formed by the material harder than the steel plate as machined material, the material of the rotation tool or is coated in described
The dynamic friction coefficient between the material and the steel plate of tool surfaces, which is rotated, for 0.6 is set to the rotation work hereinafter, will utilize
Heating mechanism in front of the direction of engagement of tool and the temperature T on the surface of the steel plate being heatedS(DEG C) meets following formula (1)
When region is as heating region, the minimum range of the heating region and the rotation tool is the shoulder of the rotation tool
Diameter is hereinafter, the area of the heating region is the area in the maximum gauge portion in the pin portion of the rotation tool hereinafter, described add
The engaging central line that 65% or more of the area of thermal region is located at the surface of the steel plate is parallel to the engaging central line with following
Straight line between, the engaging central line is the rotary shaft across the rotation tool and is parallel to the straight line of direction of engagement, institute
State be parallel to the engaging central line straight line be only draw back side separate it is identical as the maximum radius in pin portion of the rotation tool
Distance straight line,
TS≥0.8×TA1……(1)
TA1For temperature shown in following formula (2),
TA1(DEG C)=723-10.7 [%Mn] -16.9 [%Ni]+29.1 [%Si]+16.9 [%Cr]+290 [%As]+
6.38 [%W] ... (2)
Above-mentioned [%M] is the content (quality %) as the M element in the steel plate of machined material, in the case where not containing
It is 0.
[2] friction stirring connecting method as described in claim 1, wherein will be in the thickness direction of the heating region
Temperature TD(DEG C) meets the depth capacity on surface in the region of following formula (3), away from the steel plate as heating region
When depth D, the depth D of the heating region is 30% or more of the thickness of the steel plate,
TD≥0.8×TA1……(3)。
[3] friction stirring connecting method as described in [1] or [2], wherein the heating mechanism is laser heating device.
[4] friction stirring connecting method as described in any one of [1]~[3], wherein in the engagement of the rotation tool
Rear heating mechanism is arranged in direction rear, which heats the joint portion of the steel plate.
[5] friction stirring connecting method as described in [4], wherein at the direction of engagement rear of the rear heating mechanism
Cooling body is set, which cools down the joint portion being heated using the rear heating mechanism.
[6] friction stirring connecting method as described in any one of [1]~[3], wherein in the engagement of the rotation tool
Cooling body is arranged in direction rear, which cools down the joint portion of the steel plate.
[7] friction stirring connecting method as described in [6], wherein be arranged at the direction of engagement rear of the cooling body
Rear heating mechanism, the rear heating mechanism to using the cooling body and the cooled joint portion is heated.
[8] friction-stir engagement device engages the non-joint portion the steel plate as machined material, described
Friction-stir engagement device includes
Rotation tool with shoulder and is configured at the shoulder and shares the pin portion of rotary shaft, the shoulder with the shoulder
It is formed with the pin portion by the material harder than the steel plate, non-joint portion of the rotation tool between being inserted into the steel plate
Moved while rotating along direction of engagement under state, thus on one side using frictional heat make it is described it is softing, while stir it is soft
The position changed to generate Plastic Flow,
Heating mechanism is set in front of the direction of engagement of the rotation tool, heats to the steel plate,
Control mechanism controls the rotation tool and the heating mechanism in a manner of realizing following states 1,
The material of the rotation tool is coated in the material of the rotation tool surfaces and the dynamic friction system of the steel plate
Number for 0.6 hereinafter,
(state 1)
By the temperature T on the surface for the steel plate being heated using the heating mechanismS(DEG C) meets following formula (1)
When region is as heating region, the minimum range of the heating region and the rotation tool is the shoulder of the rotation tool
Diameter hereinafter,
The area of the heating region be the rotation tool pin portion maximum gauge portion area hereinafter,
65% or more of the area of the heating region be located at the engaging central line on the surface of the steel plate with it is following parallel
Between the straight line of the engaging central line, the engaging central line is the rotary shaft across the rotation tool and is parallel to engagement
The straight line in direction, the straight line for being parallel to the engaging central line are that side of only drawing back separates and the pin portion of the rotation tool
The straight line of the identical distance of maximum radius,
TS≥0.8×TA1……(1)
TA1For temperature shown in following formula (2),
TA1(DEG C)=723-10.7 [%Mn] -16.9 [%Ni]+29.1 [%Si]+16.9 [%Cr]+290 [%As]+
6.38 [%W] ... (2)
Above-mentioned [%M] is the content (quality %) as the M element in the steel plate of machined material, in the case where not containing
It is 0.
[9] the friction-stir engagement device as described in [8], wherein the control mechanism is to realize the side of state 2 below
Formula controls the rotation tool and the heating mechanism,
(state 2)
It will be in the temperature T of the thickness direction of the heating regionD(DEG C) meet it is in the region of following formula (3), away from described
When depth D of the depth capacity on the surface of steel plate as heating region, the depth D of the heating region is the thickness of the steel plate
30% or more,
TD≥0.8×TA1……(3)。
[10] the friction-stir engagement device as described in [8] or [9], wherein the heating mechanism is laser heating device.
[11] the friction-stir engagement device as described in any one of [8]~[10], also has and connects to the steel plate
The rear heating mechanism that conjunction portion is heated,
The rear heating mechanism is set to the direction of engagement rear of the rotation tool.
[12] the friction-stir engagement device as described in [11], also has and carries out cooling cooler to the joint portion
Structure,
The cooling body is set to the direction of engagement rear of the rear heating mechanism.
[13] the friction-stir engagement device as described in any one of [8]~[10], also has and connects to the steel plate
Conjunction portion carries out cooling cooling body,
The cooling body is set to the direction of engagement rear of the rotation tool.
[14] the friction-stir engagement device as described in [13], also there is the rear heated to the joint portion to add
Heat engine structure,
The rear heating mechanism is set to the direction of engagement rear of the cooling body.
The effect of invention
According to the present invention, it is bad that the Plastic Flow as caused by the underheat of machined material can be eliminated, to can realize
The raising of the engagement application property of friction-stir engagement.In turn, additionally it is possible to inhibit the variation of the micro-assembly robot on heating region periphery, thus
High strength of joint is obtained in joint portion.
Detailed description of the invention
[Fig. 1] is the schematic diagram for illustrating friction stirring connecting method of the present embodiment.
[Fig. 2] is for the cooled region in the process that indicates the heating region in preheating procedure, implemented after engagement and again
The figure (top view and A-A sectional view) of an example of heating region.
[Fig. 3] is the temperature and stretching for indicating the steel plate using friction stirring connecting method of the present embodiment engagement
The figure of the relationship of intensity.
[Fig. 4] is the figure for indicating the section size of rotation tool.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiment through the invention illustrates the present invention.Fig. 1 is to illustrate of the present embodiment rub
Wipe the schematic diagram of stirring joint method and friction-stir engagement device.In broken wiping stirring joint method of the present embodiment
In, as shown in Figure 1, by the non-joint portion between rotation tool insertion steel plate and making the rotation tool while rotating along engagement
Direction is mobile, on one side the frictional heat using rotation tool and steel plate make this is softing, while to utilize rotation tool to stir this soft
The position changed, thus generates Plastic Flow, so that steel plate is engaged with each other.Herein, rotation tool has shoulder and is configured at
The shoulder and the pin portion that rotary shaft is shared with the shoulder, at least shoulder and pin portion are by the material harder than the steel plate as machined material
Matter is formed.
In Fig. 1, label 1 is rotation tool, and 2 be rotary shaft, and 3 be steel plate, and 4 be joint portion, and 5 be heating mechanism, and 6 be cooling
Mechanism, 7 be rear heating mechanism, and 8 be the shoulder of rotation tool, and 9 be the pin portion of rotation tool, and 15 be control mechanism.α indicates rotation
It changes a job the tilt angle of tool." AS " indicates advanced side, and " RS " indicates to retreat side.Herein, can such as give a definition respectively, so-called advanced side
Refer to that tool direction of rotation and the consistent side of direction of engagement, so-called retrogressing side refer to opposite with direction of engagement with tool direction of rotation
Side.
It, will be in only making 3 pairing of steel plate and the pairing part of unassembled state is recorded as " not engaging in present embodiment
Portion " will be engaged using Plastic Flow and integrated part is recorded as " joint portion ".
In the friction stirring connecting method of present embodiment, using being set to the rotation tool 1 moved along direction of engagement
Front heating mechanism 5 and the pre-heat treatment process that steel plate 3 heats is important.Hereinafter, referring to Fig. 2, at the preheating
The condition of science and engineering sequence is illustrated.
Fig. 2 for the cooled region in the process that indicates the heating region in preheating procedure, implemented after engagement and again plus
The figure (top view and A-A sectional view) of an example of thermal region.In Fig. 2, engaging central line 10 indicates passing through for the surface of steel plate 3
The rotary shaft 2 of rotation tool 1 and the straight line for being parallel to direction of engagement.RS line 11 is to be parallel to engaging central line 10, and only backward
Move back the straight line that side separates distance identical with the rotation maximum radius in pin portion 9 of tool.12 be heating region, and 13 be cooling zone
Domain, 14 be reheating region.A indicates that the diameter of the shoulder 8 of rotation tool, b indicate the maximum gauge in the pin portion 9 of rotation tool, X
It indicates heating region 12 and rotates the minimum range of tool 1, D indicates the depth of heating region 12, and t indicates the thickness of steel plate 3.
The surface temperature T of steel plate in heating regionS: TS≥0.8×TA1。
Fig. 3 is to indicate the temperature using the steel plate of friction stirring connecting method of the present embodiment engagement and stretch strong
The figure of the relationship of degree.For the steel plate 3 engaged using the friction stirring connecting method of present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, usually
In the T of the phase transition temperature as steelA180% or so at a temperature of, 30% or so intensity of intensity when becoming room temperature.This
Outside, when being higher than the temperature, the intensity of copper sheet 3 is further decreased.As a result, to meet the surface temperature T of steel plate 3SFor 0.8 × TA1℃
Above mode makes 3 pre-softening of steel plate, stirs the steel plate 3, promotes Plastic Flow.It is applied to the load of rotation tool 1 as a result,
It reduces, so as to make engaging speed carry out high speed.Therefore, in the friction stirring connecting method of present embodiment, by steel plate 3
Surface temperature TSThe region for meeting following formula (1) is set as heating region 12.
TS≥0.8×TA1…(1)
The phase transition temperature T of steelA1(DEG C) is found out using following formula (2).
TA1(DEG C)=723-10.7 [%Mn] -16.9 [%Ni]+29.1 [%Si]+16.9 [%Cr]+290 [%As]+
6.38 [%W] ... (2)
The case where above-mentioned [%M] is the content (quality %) as the M element in the steel plate 3 of machined material, is not contained
It is down 0.
Due to being higher than 0.8 × TA1DEG C when, there is the tendency of the rising with temperature and the strength reduction of steel plate 3, it is therefore, excellent
Choosing is with the surface temperature T of the steel plate 3 in heating region 12SThe mode that will not excessively rise is adjusted.Specifically, in order to true
The heating region 12 on thickness direction is protected, temperature gradient (deviation of temperature in surface) may be present on the surface of heating region 12,
But at this moment, preferably the maximum surface temperature of 12 light plate 3 of heating region is 1.5 × TMDEG C or less.Moreover, being heated with process
Before the rotation tool 1 in region 12 contacts, the surface temperature of the steel plate 3 in heating region 12 is preferably made to be less than TM℃.It can keep away as a result,
The temperature for exempting from joint portion 4 excessively rises the damage of caused rotation tool 1, avoids the rotten of 12 periphery micro-assembly robot of heating region.
TM(DEG C) is the fusing point of the steel plate 3 as machined material.
The heating region of surface of steel plate and the minimum range X of rotation tool: below the diameter for rotating the shoulder of tool
When the heating region 12 on the surface of steel plate 3 and the minimum range X for rotating tool 1 are excessive, heating region 12 before engaging
Temperature reduce, be unable to fully obtain by preheating bring effect.Therefore, in friction-stir engagement side of the present embodiment
In method, the minimum range X of the heating region 12 on the surface of steel plate 3 and the rotation tool 1 moved along direction of engagement is rotation tool
Shoulder 8 diameter below.
But when heating region 12 and the minimum range X of rotation tool 1 too small, since rotation tool 1 has because of heating mechanism
5 heat generated and the possibility damaged, therefore the heating region 12 on preferably 3 surface of steel plate and the rotation tool that is moved along direction of engagement
1 minimum range X is 0.1 times or more of the diameter of the shoulder 8 of rotation tool.The shoulder 8 of rotation tool in present embodiment
Diameter be, for example, 8~60mm or so.In order to which the movement speed for sufficiently obtaining being rotated tool 1 by preheating bring effect is preferred
For 200mm/min or more and 3000mm/min or less.
The area of the heating region of surface of steel plate: below the area for rotating the maximum gauge portion in the pin portion of tool
When heating region 12 is excessive, micro-assembly robot is easy to rotten in heating region 12 and its neighboring area.Especially, exist
In the case where being able to the high-tensile steel strengthened using martensitic structure, even below ferritic-austenitic phase transition temperature
Heating, can also make martensite anneal and soften, junction joint intensity is greatly reduced.Therefore, it is related in present embodiment
And friction stirring connecting method in, the area of the heating region 12 on 3 surface of steel plate is the maximum gauge in the pin portion 9 of rotation tool
Below the area in portion.
On the other hand, it when the area of heating region 12 is too small, is unable to fully obtain by preheating bring effect.Steel as a result,
The area of the heating region 12 on the surface of plate 3 be preferably 0.1 times of the area in the maximum gauge portion in the pin portion 9 of rotation tool with
On.
The maximum gauge in the pin portion 9 of the rotation tool in present embodiment is, for example, 2~50mm or so.The pin of rotation tool
The maximum gauge in portion 9 is in obtained diameter in the cut section in the section vertical with axis direction when 1 pin portion of sectility
Maximum diameter.
Fig. 4 is the figure for indicating the section size of rotation tool.As shown in figure 4, rotation tool pin portion 9 diameter along axis
It, can be by the diameter (being 4mm in figure) of the upper surface in the pin portion 9 for the tool that rotates as rotation work in the case that line direction does not change
The maximum gauge in the pin portion 9 of tool.The pin portion 9 of rotation tool have taper etc., pin diameter according to the position of axis direction without
It, can be using maximum gauge as the maximum gauge in the pin portion 9 of rotation tool in the case where.The label c of Fig. 4 indicates probe length
(probe length), so-called probe length refer to the top end part by the pin portion 9 for rotating tool and rotate the shoulder 8 of tool
The length that difference in height between extreme higher position calculates.
The shape of heating region 12 can be the arbitrary shapes such as circle, ellipse, rectangle.The maximum in the pin portion 9 of rotation tool
The shape in diameter portion is generally circular or oval.
In the surface of steel plate, the area of the heating region between engaging central line and RS line: surface of steel plate adds
65% or more of thermal region area
In the friction-stir engagement of steel plate 3, Plastic Flow is using advanced side as starting point, along the rotation of rotation tool 1
Direction, engaged direction front retreat side, direction of engagement rear, and using advanced side as terminal.Since advanced side becomes plasticity stream
Dynamic starting point, therefore it is prone to underheat as the steel plate of machined material 3.Therefore, due to Plastic Flow is insufficient
In the case where generating defect, almost occur in advanced side.Therefore, it in the surface of steel plate 3, preferentially heats advanced side, make
It is softing, thus promote Plastic Flow, inhibits defect to generate, so that the high speed of engaging speed can be realized.
However, rotation tool 1 material or be coated in rotation tool 1 surface material with as by grafting material
The dynamic friction coefficient of steel plate 3 is the frictional heat that generates between rotation tool 1 and steel plate 3, Plastic Flow in 0.6 situation below
Become smaller.Advanced side is to become the position of the starting point of Plastic Flow in the front of rotation tool 1, and generate rotation tool to be a large amount of
The region of frictional heat between 1 and steel plate 3.However, there is the tendency of dynamic friction coefficient reduction at high operating temperatures, if preheating should
Position and become high temperature, in the case where the dynamic friction coefficient for rotating tool 1 and steel plate 3 is small, will be unable to obtain adequately
Frictional heating.On the other hand, the centre for Plastic Flow being located at due to retreating side can be right when the Plastic Flow of the position is insufficient
The generation of the defect of the advanced side of terminal as Plastic Flow brings larger impact.Especially, in rotation tool 1 and steel plate 3
Dynamic friction coefficient it is small in the case where, be unable to get sufficient Plastic Flow.
Therefore, the material of rotation tool 1 or be coated in rotation tool 1 surface material and steel plate 3 dynamic friction coefficient
In the surface of steel plate 3,65% or more of the area of heating region 12 to be made to be located at engaging central line in 0.6 situation below
It heats between 10 and the RS line 11 parallel with engaging central line 10 and preferentially and retreats side.Thus, it can be ensured that as Plastic Flow
The frictional heating of the advanced side of starting point, while promoting to become the Plastic Flow of the retrogressing side of the centre of Plastic Flow, inhibit to lack
Sunken generation, so as to realize the high speed of engaging speed.Heating region between engaging central line 10 and RS line 11
12 areal extent is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, can also be 100%.
In addition, from preferential heating retreat side it is such from the viewpoint of, be located across the center of heating region 12 in engagement
Between the straight line and RS line 11 for entreating the intermediate point of line 10 and RS line 11.In other words, preferably make heating region 12 center be located at than
Engaging central line 10 closer to retreat side position, further preferably from the center of heating region 12 to engaging central line 10 away from
From 0.5 times or more and 1 times or less of the maximum radius in the pin portion 9 for rotation tool.
Temperature T in the region of the thickness direction of heating regionD: TD≥0.8×TA1
As it was noted above, for the steel plate 3 engaged using the friction stirring connecting method of present embodiment, as steel
Phase transition temperature TA180% or so at a temperature of, 30% or so intensity of intensity when becoming room temperature.It should in addition, being higher than
When temperature, the intensity of steel plate 3 is further decreased.As a result, in the region of the thickness direction of heating region 12, it is also preferred that by temperature
It is set as 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more in advance steel plate 3 is softened.The load for being applied to rotation tool 1 as a result, is further reduced, thus
It can make the further high speed of engaging speed.Therefore, by the temperature T in the region of the thickness direction of heating region 12DUnder satisfaction
State depth D of the depth on surface in the region of formula (3), away from steel plate 3 as heating region 12.
TD≥0.8×TA1…(1)
TA1(DEG C) can be found out using following formula (2).
TA1(DEG C)=723-10.7 [%Mn] -16.9 [%Ni]+29.1 [%Si]+16.9 [%Cr]+290 [%As]+
6.38 [%W] ... (2)
The case where above-mentioned [%M] is the content (quality %) as the M element in the steel plate 3 of machined material, is not contained
It is down 0.
But due to being higher than 0.8 × TA1DEG C when, there is the tendency of the rising with temperature and the strength reduction of steel plate 3, because
This is preferably adjusted in such a way that the temperature of 12 light plate 3 of heating region will not excessively rise.Specifically, in order to ensure thickness
Spend direction on heating region 12, the thickness direction of heating region 12 may be present temperature gradient (temperature of through-thickness
Deviation), but at this moment, preferably the maximum temperature of the thickness direction of 12 light plate 3 of heating region is 1.5 × TMDEG C or less.In addition,
The damage of tool 1 is rotated caused by excessively rising in order to avoid the temperature at joint portion 4, avoids 12 periphery micro-assembly robot of heating region
It is rotten, preferably before contacting with the rotation tool 1 for passing through heating region 12, make the thickness side of 12 light plate 3 of heating region
To temperature be less than TM℃。TM(DEG C) is the fusing point of machined material, that is, steel plate 3.
30% or more of the thickness t of the depth D: steel plate of heating region
The depth D of heating region 12 by heating region 12 thickness direction temperature TDFor 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
, the depth capacity on surface away from steel plate 3 provides.The depth D of the heating region 12 is preferably the 30% of the thickness t of steel plate 3
More than.By making 30% or more of the thickness t of the depth D steel plate 3 of heating region 12, Plastic Flow is further promoted, and is had
Conducive to the reduction for the load for being applied to rotation tool 1 and the high speed of engaging speed.The depth D of heating region 12 is more preferably
50% or more of the thickness of steel plate 3.
However, heating becomes excessive, heating region when the depth D of heating region 12 is greater than the 90% of the thickness t of steel plate 3
The micro-assembly robot on 12 periphery may change, therefore the depth D of heating region 12 is preferably the 90% of the thickness t of steel plate 3
Below.
In order to realize above-mentioned condition, friction-stir engagement device of the present embodiment has control mechanism 15.Control
The movement of mechanism 15 control rotation tool 1 and heating mechanism 5.Control mechanism 15 also controllable rear heating mechanism 7, cooling body
6 equal movements.
In addition, heating mechanism 5 used in the pre-heat treatment process is not particularly limited, preferred laser heating device.Pass through
The laser for using energy density high can more correctly implement the control of the pre-heat treatment process conditions as heat source, so as to
Enough raisings that engagement application property is realized in the case where not damaging junction joint characteristic.
Engaging condition other than the above is not particularly limited, for example, the heating mechanism 5 used in the pre-heat treatment process
Movement speed can be same degree with engaging speed.In addition, when using laser heating device in the heating mechanism 5, laser
Output power, beam diameter can be suitably set according to engaging condition.
More than, the pre-heat treatment process in the friction stirring connecting method and device of present embodiment is illustrated,
It, can also be in the rotation tool 1 moved along direction of engagement in the friction stirring connecting method and device of present embodiment
Cooling body 6 is arranged in direction of engagement rear, improves junction joint intensity by the cooling body 6.
In general, joint portion 4 is in nature and lets cool state, therefore in the steel plate 3 as machined material after the completion of engagement
In the case that hardenability is low, it is unable to fully obtain the intensity of junction joint.In contrast, by the rotation moved along direction of engagement
Change a job the direction of engagement rear setting cooling body 6 of tool 1, using cooling body 6 by the joint portion 4 of steel plate 3 cooling, suitable control
Cooling velocity, so as to realize that quenching bring intensity improves.It is nonactive as cooling body 6, such as it is preferable to use spraying
The cooling device of gas.For cooling velocity at this time, for example, preferably 800 DEG C~500 DEG C range be 30~300 DEG C/
s.As non-active gas, such as be able to use argon gas, helium etc..
When the hardenability of steel plate 3 as machined material is high, may overvulcanization to make the toughness of junction joint
It reduces.In contrast, by the way that rotation will be set to the rear heating mechanism 7 that the rear portion close to rotation tool 1 heats
It changes a job the direction of engagement rear of tool 1, and slow cooling is carried out while suitable control cooling velocity, so as to inhibit excessively hard
Change.As rear heating mechanism 7, such as it is preferable to use high-frequency induction heating, using laser as the heating device of heat source.Just at this time
Slow cooling speed for, such as preferably in the range of 800 DEG C~500 DEG C be 10~30 DEG C/s.
It can also be along the direction of engagement rear for rotating tool that direction of engagement moves and after the direction of engagement of cooling body 6
Side's setting rear heating mechanism 7, is reheated the joint portion 4 of steel plate 3 by rear heating mechanism 7.Joint portion as a result,
4 are quenched and based on the cooling of cooling body 6, in the case where overvulcanization, by with rear heating mechanism 7 annealed come
Inhibit hardness, so as to obtain having both the connector characteristic of intensity and toughness.For cooling velocity at this time, such as preferably
It is 30~300 DEG C/s in the range of 800 DEG C~500 DEG C, as relation reheating temperature, such as preferably 550~650 DEG C.
Moreover, can also the rotation tool 1 moved along direction of engagement direction of engagement rear and in rear heating mechanism 7
Cooling body 6 is arranged in direction of engagement rear, using cooling body 6 that the joint portion 4 of steel plate 3 is cooling.
In this case, slow cooling is carried out using rear heating mechanism 7 after just engaging then utilize cooling body 6
It is quenched, thus it enables that tissue Composite, can obtain the connector characteristic for having both intensity and ductility.Just cooling speed at this time
It for degree, such as preferably in 800 DEG C~600 DEG C of range (range of slow cooling) is 10~30 DEG C/s or so, then, 600
DEG C~400 DEG C of range (range of quenching) in for 30~300 DEG C/s or so.
About engaging condition other than the above, implement according to conventional methods, the torque for rotating tool 1 is bigger, steel plate 3
Plastic fluidity it is lower, thus, it is easy to generate defect etc..
Therefore, for the friction stirring connecting method of present embodiment and device, target is that will rotate tool 1
Revolving speed be set as the range of 100~1000rpm, inhibit the torque of rotation tool 1, engaging speed high speed made to turn to 1000mm/min
More than.It turns to engaging speed high speed greater than under 500mm/min and 1000mm/min situation below, will preferably rotate tool 1
Torque be suppressed to 90Nm or less.Thereby, it is possible to avoid rotation tool 1, damaged or non-bonding part is remaining in the bonding
State.In addition, making preferably to be suppressed to the torque of rotation tool 1 in engaging speed 500mm/min situation below and be less than
75N·m.The load of rotation tool 1 can be mitigated while ensuring plastic fluidity as a result,.
In addition, the object steel grade class of the friction stirring connecting method as present embodiment, is able to use common structure
It is tied with rolled steel for welded structure, the mechanical of JIS G 4051 of steel, carbon steel, such as JIS (Japanese Industrial Specifications) G 3106
Structure carbon steel etc..It can also can be obtained in joint portion 4 using the high-strength structure steel that tensile strength is 800MPa or more
To the tensile strength of steel plate (base material) 85% or more intensity, further can be obtained 90% or more intensity.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
The use of plate thickness is 1.6mm and the steel plate with chemical composition as described in Table 1, tensile strength, implements friction and stir
Mix engagement.For connector involutory surface, it is used without the so-called type I groove (groove) for assigning angle, in attrition process degree
Surface state under, engaged with 1 passage of single side.The engaging condition of friction-stir engagement is as shown in table 2.In embodiment 1,
It uses section size shape shown in Fig. 4 maximum gauge b:4mm, the probe length c:1.4mm of pin portion (shoulder diameter a:12mm)
Rotation tool.Rotation tool used in embodiment 1 be with tungsten carbide (WC) be material, using physical vapor deposition (PVD) to table
Face implements the rotation tool of the coating treatment of titanium nitride (TiN).When engagement, joint portion is sheltered using argon gas, to prevent
The oxidation on surface.The surface of rotation tool and the dynamic friction coefficient of steel plate that the WC of the coating treatment of TiN is implemented to surface are
0.6 or less.
The dynamic friction coefficient of tool materials surface and steel plate is measured using measuring method below.It is ground using ball disk-type friction
Testing machine is damaged, makes the disc rotary formed by subject material on one side, the steel through fixed diameter 6mm is pressed on load 5N on one side
Ball is implemented to test with rotation speed 100mm/s, sliding distance 300m.It tests in room temperature, unlubricated lower progress.With regard to making in test
For steel ball, to be formed as the material of the chemical component with SUJ2 as defined in JIS G 4805, and to be used as bearing
Steel ball has carried out the steel ball of working process.
[table 1]
[table 2]
In addition, before splicing, in order to confirm based on using preheating of the laser as heat source to be formed by heating region, phase
For the steel plate I of table 1, according to each irradiation condition shown in table 3 (laser traverse speed, laser output power and beam diameter)
Laser is irradiated, measures surface temperature using thermal imaging (Thermography).Moreover, the section of observation laser irradiating part, carries out
Micro-assembly robot observation based on nital.
[table 3]
Herein, it is in transformation temperature (TA1DEG C) more than region be etched most deep, be present in the areas outside lower than phase
Height (TA1DEG C), region that the high rigidity tissue such as martensite in base material is able to anneal be etched than shallower, therefore, can
It is respectively identified as in transformation temperature (TA1DEG C) more than region, be lower than transformation temperature (TA1DEG C) annealing region and base material area
Domain.Moreover, by the knowledge of the heat treatment of steel it is found that being lower than transformation temperature (TA1DEG C) annealing region and 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more and
Lower than TA1DEG C region it is consistent.The micro-assembly robot observation based on nital in this way, determines in transformation temperature
(TA1DEG C) more than region depth D0And it is in 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region depth (the depth D of heating region).
The results are shown in Table 4 for said determination.
[table 4]
As shown in table 4, from the surface temperature measurement result using thermal imaging it is found that at irradiation condition A, become 0.8 ×
TA1DEG C or more region be diameter 3.5mm circle.Herein, since the maximum gauge in the pin portion of the rotation tool used is
4.0mm, thus the area of the heating region under irradiation condition A become rotation tool pin portion maximum gauge portion area with
Under.
At irradiation condition B, become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region be diameter 2.0mm circle.Therefore, with it is above-mentioned same
Sample, the area of the heating region under irradiation condition B becomes the area in the maximum gauge portion in the pin portion of rotation tool or less.
At irradiation condition C, become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region be diameter 4.5mm circle.Herein, due to using
The maximum gauge in pin portion of rotation tool be 4.0mm, therefore, the area of the heating region under irradiation condition C is greater than rotation work
The area in the maximum gauge portion in the pin portion of tool.
At irradiation condition D, become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region become laser moving direction be major diameter, with laser move
The vertical direction in dynamic direction is the ellipse of minor axis, major diameter 3.8mm, minor axis 3.2mm.Herein, the rotation work due to using
The maximum gauge in the pin portion of tool is 4.0mm, and therefore, the area of the heating region under irradiation condition D is the pin portion of rotation tool
Below the area in maximum gauge portion.
At irradiation condition E, become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region become laser moving direction be major diameter, with laser move
The vertical direction in dynamic direction is the ellipse of minor axis, major diameter 2.2mm, minor axis 1.8mm.Therefore, as described above, irradiate
The area of heating region under condition E becomes the area in the maximum gauge portion in the pin portion of rotation tool or less.
At irradiation condition F, become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region become laser moving direction be major diameter, with laser move
The vertical direction in dynamic direction is the ellipse of minor axis, major diameter 4.9mm, minor axis 4.1mm.Herein, the rotation work due to using
The maximum gauge in the pin portion of tool is 4.0mm, therefore the area of the heating region under irradiation condition F is greater than the pin portion of rotation tool
The area in maximum gauge portion.
In addition, as shown in table 4, it is found that becoming T at irradiation condition A from the section of laser irradiating partA1DEG C or more
Region depth D0And become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region depth (the depth D of heating region) be respectively 0.28mm,
0.30mm.Since the steel plate thickness t as machined material is 1.6mm, as 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
The depth D of the heating region of depth becomes about the 18.8% of steel plate thickness t.
At irradiation condition B, become TA1DEG C or more region depth D0And become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
Depth (the depth D of heating region) is respectively 0.47mm, 0.50mm.Since the steel plate thickness t as machined material is
1.6mm, therefore, the depth D of heating region become about the 31.3% of steel plate thickness t.
At irradiation condition C, become TA1DEG C or more region depth D0And become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
Depth (the depth D of heating region) is respectively 0.09mm, 0.10mm.Since the steel plate thickness t as machined material is
1.6mm, therefore, the depth D of heating region are about the 6.3% of steel plate thickness t.
At irradiation condition D, become TA1DEG C or more region depth D0And become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
Depth (the depth D of heating region) is respectively 0.30mm, 0.32mm.Since the thickness t of the steel plate as machined material is
1.6mm, therefore, as 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region depth heating region depth D become steel plate thickness t
About 20.0%.
At irradiation condition E, become TA1DEG C or more region depth D0And become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
Depth (the depth D of heating region) is respectively 0.51mm, 0.54mm.Since the thickness t of the steel plate as machined material is
1.6mm, therefore, the depth D of heating region become about the 33.8% of the thickness t of steel plate.
At irradiation condition F, become TA1DEG C or more region depth D0And become 0.8 × TA1DEG C or more region
Depth (the depth D of heating region) is respectively 0.10mm, 0.11mm.Since the thickness t of the steel plate as machined material is
1.6mm, therefore, the depth D of heating region become about the 6.9% of the thickness t of steel plate.
The preheating procedure condition based on laser irradiation carried out before the engagement of machined material is as shown in table 5, after engagement
The process conditions of progress are as shown in table 6.Herein, respectively, it for the cooling in the process carried out after engagement, is sprayed using gas
It is cooled down out, for heating up (and reheating), carries out induction heating.
In table 5, table 6, the "-" in process conditions carried out after preheating procedure condition and engagement is respectively indicated without pre-
As thermal process and cooling, heating engage after process the case where.In addition, from engaging central line to heating region center
The record of " (AS) ", " (RS) " in distance indicate that the center of heating region is respectively relative to engaging central line and is in and advances
Side retreats the case where side.
[table 5]
[table 6]
* 1 cooling velocity from 800 DEG C to 650 DEG C
* 2 cooling velocity from 800 DEG C to 600 DEG C
* 3 cooling velocity from 600 DEG C to 400 DEG C
In addition, table 7 show the torque of rotation tool when implementing engagement measured value and obtained junction joint
The measured value of tensile strength.For the tensile strength of junction joint, for the ruler of No. 1 test film as defined in acquisition JIS Z 3121
Very little tension test sheet carries out the result of tension test.The torque of rotation tool is bigger, and plastic fluidity is lower, to be easier to
Generate defect etc..
[table 7]
As shown in Table 7, in example 1~10, even if also can be obtained in the case where engaging speed is 400mm/min
The junction joint intensity of 90% or more of the tensile strength of the steel plate as base material.The torque of the rotation tool of example 1~10
For 72Nm hereinafter, plastic fluidity is also good.Especially, cooling reheating is carried out upon engagement or only carries out cooling hair
In bright example 6,7 and 8, the junction joint intensity same with the tensile strength of base material has been obtained.It carries out heating upon engagement cold
But in the example 9,10 or only heated, the junction joint intensity of 93% or more of the tensile strength of base material has been obtained.
On the other hand, in comparative example 1~6, the torque for rotating tool is 75Nm or more, and plastic fluidity is poor.
In example 11~20, even if also can be obtained in the case where engaging speed high speed is turned to 1000mm/min
The junction joint intensity of 85% or more of the tensile strength of base material, the torque for rotating tool is also 90Nm or less.Especially, exist
Cooling reheating is carried out after engagement or only carries out that the tensile strength of base material can be obtained in cooling example 16,17 and 18
99% or more junction joint intensity.It carries out reheating example 19,20 that is cooling or only being reheated upon engagement
In, the junction joint intensity of 95% or more of the tensile strength of base material can be obtained.
On the other hand, it is damaged in the bonding and can not engage that tool is rotated in comparative example 7.For comparative example 8~12,
It can not be engaged as the remaining state in non-bonding part, to be unable to get perfect connector.Therefore, in comparative example 7~12
In, the measurements such as rotation tool torque are not carried out.
(embodiment 2)
The use of plate thickness is 1.6mm and the steel plate with chemical composition as shown in Table 1 above, tensile strength, implements friction and stir
Mix engagement.For connector involutory surface, it is used without the so-called type I groove for assigning angle, in the surface shape of attrition process degree
Under state, engaged with 1 passage of single side.The engaging condition of friction-stir engagement is as shown in Table 2 above.In example 2, it uses
The rotation of section size shape shown in Fig. 4 maximum gauge b:4mm, the probe length c:1.4mm of pin portion (shoulder diameter a:12mm)
It changes a job tool.Rotation tool used in embodiment 2 is with tungsten carbide (WC) for material, and the rotation work of coating treatment is not carried out
Tool；Implement the rotation of the coating treatment of titanium nitride (TiN) to surface for material, using physical vapor deposition (PVD) with tungsten carbide (WC)
It changes a job tool；With tungsten carbide (WC) for material, and the rotation tool of the coating treatment of chromium nitride aluminum (AlCrN) is implemented to surface；
Or with cubic boron nitride (CBN) be material rotation tool.
When engagement, joint portion is sheltered using argon gas, to prevent the oxidation on surface.With regard to rotating surface and the steel plate of tool
Dynamic friction coefficient for, be in the case where being material and the rotation tool that coating treatment is not carried out with tungsten carbide (WC)
0.7, in the rotation work for the coating treatment for implementing titanium nitride (TiN) for material, using physical vapor deposition (PVD) with tungsten carbide (WC)
In the case where tool be 0.5, with tungsten carbide (WC) be material and implement chromium nitride aluminum (AlCrN) coating treatment rotation
It is 0.4 in the case where tool, is 0.3 with rotation tool that cubic boron nitride (CBN) is material.
The dynamic friction coefficient of tool materials surface and steel plate is measured using measuring method same as Example 1.
Such as table 8 of the preheating procedure condition based on laser irradiation carried out before machined material engagement.
[table 8]
In table 8, it will be material with tungsten carbide (WC) and the rotation tool of film process is not carried out is expressed as " WC ", it will be with carbon
Change tungsten (WC) to be material and be expressed as using the rotation tool of physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating treatment for implementing titanium nitride (TiN)
" WC+TiN " will be material with tungsten carbide (WC) and implement the rotation tool of coating treatment of chromium nitride aluminum (AlCrN) and indicate
For " WC+AlCrN ", " CBN " will be expressed as with the rotation tool that cubic boron nitride (CBN) is material.In preheating procedure condition
Laser irradiation condition is as shown in table 3, in addition, the surface shape for being formed by heating region by each laser irradiation condition, depth are such as
Shown in table 4.
In example 2, the process after not engaged.In from engaging central line to the distance at heating region center
" (AS) ", " (RS) " indicate that the center of heating region is respectively relative to engaging central line and is in advanced side, retreats the case where side.
Table 9 shows the measured value of the torque of rotation tool when implementing engagement and the stretching of obtained junction joint
The measured value of intensity.For the tensile strength of junction joint, for the size of No. 1 test film as defined in acquisition JIS Z 3121
Tension test sheet carries out the result of tension test.The torque of rotation tool is bigger, then plastic fluidity is lower, to be easier to
Generate defect etc..
[table 9]
As shown in Table 9, in example 21~26, even if in the case where engaging speed is set as 400mm/min, it can also
Obtain the junction joint intensity of 90% or more of the tensile strength of the steel plate as base material.The rotation tool of example 21~26
Torque is 65Nm hereinafter, plastic fluidity is also good.
On the other hand, in comparative example 13,14, the torque for rotating tool is 75Nm or more, and plastic fluidity is poor.
As shown in Table 9, in example 27~32, even if the case where making engaging speed high speed turn to 1000mm/min
Under, the junction joint intensity of 85% or more of the tensile strength of base material also can be obtained, the torque for rotating tool be also 81Nm with
Under.
On the other hand, in comparative example 15,16, become the remaining state in non-bonding part and can not engage.Therefore, than
Compared in example 15,16, the measurement of torque of rotation tool etc. is not carried out.
Description of symbols
1 rotation tool
2 rotary shafts
3 steel plates
4 joint portions
5 heating mechanisms
6 cooling bodies
7 rear heating mechanisms
The shoulder of 8 rotation tools
The pin portion of 9 rotation tools
10 engaging central lines
11 RS lines
12 heating regions
13 cooled regions
14 reheat region
15 control mechanisms
The shoulder diameter of a rotation tool
B rotates the maximum gauge in the pin portion of tool
The probe length of c rotation tool
The minimum range of X heating region and rotation tool
The depth of D heating region
The thickness of t steel plate
The tilt angle of α rotation tool
Claims (14)
1. friction stirring connecting method, wherein by the non-joint portion between rotation tool insertion steel plate and the rotation tool is made to exist
It is moved while rotation along direction of engagement, keeps the steel plate soft using the frictional heat of the rotation tool and the steel plate on one side
Change, using the rotation tool stir the position that has softened on one side, generates Plastic Flow thus to which steel plate be engaged with each other,
In, the rotation tool has shoulder and is configured at the shoulder and shares the pin portion of rotary shaft, the shoulder and institute with the shoulder
Pin portion is stated to be formed by the material harder than the steel plate as machined material,
The material of the rotation tool or the dynamic friction system being coated between the material and the steel plate of the rotation tool surfaces
Number for 0.6 hereinafter,
The surface of the steel plate for being set to the heating mechanism in front of the direction of engagement of the rotation tool and being heated will be utilized
Temperature TSWhen (DEG C) meets the region of following formula (1) as heating region, the heating region and the rotation tool are most
Small distance be the rotation tool shoulder diameter hereinafter,
The area of the heating region be the rotation tool pin portion maximum gauge portion area hereinafter,
The engaging central line that 65% or more of the area of the heating region is located at the surface of the steel plate is parallel to this with following
Between the straight line of engaging central line, the engaging central line is the rotary shaft across the rotation tool and is parallel to direction of engagement
Straight line, the straight line for being parallel to the engaging central line is that side of only drawing back separates maximum with the pin portion of the rotation tool
The straight line of the identical distance of radius,
TS≥0.8×TA1……(1)
TA1For temperature shown in following formula (2),
TA1+ 6.38 [% of (DEG C)=723-10.7 [%Mn] -16.9 [%Ni]+29.1 [%Si]+16.9 [%Cr]+290 [%As]
W]……(2)
Above-mentioned [%M] is the content (quality %) as the M element in the steel plate of machined material, is 0 in the case where not containing.
2. friction stirring connecting method as described in claim 1, wherein will be in the temperature of the thickness direction of the heating region
TD(DEG C) meets depth D of the depth capacity on surface in the region of following formula (3), away from the steel plate as heating region
When, the depth D of the heating region is 30% or more of the thickness of the steel plate,
TD≥0.8×TA1……(3)。
3. friction stirring connecting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating mechanism is laser heating device.
4. friction stirring connecting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the engagement of the rotation tool
Rear heating mechanism is arranged in direction rear, which heats the joint portion of the steel plate.
5. friction stirring connecting method as claimed in claim 4, wherein at the direction of engagement rear of the rear heating mechanism
Cooling body is set, which cools down the joint portion being heated using the rear heating mechanism.
6. friction stirring connecting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the engagement of the rotation tool
Cooling body is arranged in direction rear, which cools down the joint portion of the steel plate.
7. friction stirring connecting method as claimed in claim 6, wherein be arranged at the direction of engagement rear of the cooling body
Rear heating mechanism, the rear heating mechanism to using the cooling body and the cooled joint portion is heated.
8. friction-stir engagement device engages the non-joint portion the steel plate as machined material, the friction
Stirring engagement device includes
Rotation tool with shoulder and is configured at the shoulder and shares the pin portion of rotary shaft, the shoulder and institute with the shoulder
It states pin portion to be formed by the material harder than the steel plate, the state at non-joint portion of the rotation tool between being inserted into the steel plate
Under moved while rotating along direction of engagement, thus on one side using frictional heat make it is described it is softing, while stir and soften
Position to generating Plastic Flow,
Heating mechanism is set in front of the direction of engagement of the rotation tool, heats to the steel plate,
Control mechanism controls the rotation tool and the heating mechanism in a manner of realizing following states 1,
The material of the rotation tool or the dynamic friction coefficient for being coated in the material and the steel plate for rotating tool surfaces are
0.6 hereinafter,
(state 1)
By the temperature T on the surface for the steel plate being heated using the heating mechanismS(DEG C) meets the region of following formula (1)
When as heating region, the minimum range of the heating region and the rotation tool is the diameter of the shoulder of the rotation tool
Hereinafter,
The area of the heating region be the rotation tool pin portion maximum gauge portion area hereinafter,
The engaging central line that 65% or more of the area of the heating region is located at the surface of the steel plate is parallel to this with following
Between the straight line of engaging central line, the engaging central line is the rotary shaft across the rotation tool and is parallel to direction of engagement
Straight line, the straight line for being parallel to the engaging central line is that side of only drawing back separates maximum with the pin portion of the rotation tool
The straight line of the identical distance of radius,
TS≥0.8×TA1……(1)
TA1For temperature shown in following formula (2),
TA1+ 6.38 [% of (DEG C)=723-10.7 [%Mn] -16.9 [%Ni]+29.1 [%Si]+16.9 [%Cr]+290 [%As]
W]……(2)
Above-mentioned [%M] is the content (quality %) as the M element in the steel plate of machined material, is 0 in the case where not containing.
9. friction-stir engagement device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the control mechanism is to realize state 2 below
Mode controls the rotation tool and the heating mechanism,
(state 2)
It will be in the temperature T of the thickness direction of the heating regionD(DEG C) meets in the region of following formula (3), away from the steel plate
When depth D of the depth capacity on surface as heating region, the depth D of the heating region is the 30% of the thickness of the steel plate
More than,
TD≥0.8×TA1……(3)。
10. friction-stir engagement device as claimed in claim 8 or 9, wherein the heating mechanism is laser heating device.
11. the friction-stir engagement device as described in any one of claim 8~10, also has the engagement to the steel plate
The rear heating mechanism that portion is heated,
The rear heating mechanism is set to the direction of engagement rear of the rotation tool.
12. friction-stir engagement device as claimed in claim 11 also has and carries out cooling cooling to the joint portion
Mechanism,
The cooling body is set to the direction of engagement rear of the rear heating mechanism.
13. the friction-stir engagement device as described in any one of claim 8~10, also has the engagement to the steel plate
Portion carries out cooling cooling body,
The cooling body is set to the direction of engagement rear of the rotation tool.
14. friction-stir engagement device as claimed in claim 13, also has the rear heated to the joint portion
Heating mechanism,
The rear heating mechanism is set to the direction of engagement rear of the cooling body.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016199830 | 2016-10-11 | ||
| JP2016-199830 | 2016-10-11 | ||
| PCT/JP2017/036092 WO2018070316A1 (en) | 2016-10-11 | 2017-10-04 | Friction stir welding method and device |
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| CN105592969A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-18 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Friction stir welding method for structural steel and method of manufacturing joint for structural steel |
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| KR101548792B1 (en) * | 2009-11-02 | 2015-08-31 | 메가스터 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 | Out of position friction stir welding of casing and small diameter tubing or pipe |
| JP2015045299A (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Cooling system for automobile |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1443102A (en) * | 2000-07-25 | 2003-09-17 | Eads德国有限公司 | Laser supported friction stir welding method |
| CN1503711A (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2004-06-09 | �Ѻ͵繤��ʽ���� | Friction agitation joining method, method for manufacturing joined butted members and friction agitation joining apparatus |
| CN101203352A (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-06-18 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Method for friction stir welding of different materials |
| CN105579183A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-11 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Friction stir welding method for steel sheets and method of manufacturing joint |
| CN105592969A (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-05-18 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Friction stir welding method for structural steel and method of manufacturing joint for structural steel |
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| KR102173603B1 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| WO2018070316A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
| JPWO2018070316A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
| CN109689276B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
| JP6493564B2 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
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