CN109687873B - DAC circuit with adjustable output range - Google Patents
DAC circuit with adjustable output range Download PDFInfo
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- CN109687873B CN109687873B CN201811523989.9A CN201811523989A CN109687873B CN 109687873 B CN109687873 B CN 109687873B CN 201811523989 A CN201811523989 A CN 201811523989A CN 109687873 B CN109687873 B CN 109687873B
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- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/66—Digital/analogue converters
Abstract
The invention relates to a DAC circuit with adjustable output range, which comprises a power supply circuit, a first voltage regulator and a second voltage regulator, wherein the power supply circuit is used for providing a plurality of paths of working voltages with preset amplitude values; the interface circuit is used for providing interface conversion between sensor data or upper computer communication data and the MCU circuit; the MCU circuit is used for analyzing the format of the sensor data or the upper computer communication data and then transmitting the sensor data or the upper computer communication data to the corresponding DAC conversion circuit through the SPI interface; the DAC conversion circuit is used for converting the digital signals sent by the SPI interface into analog signals; and the analog form signal is matched with corresponding working voltage and the output range is adjustable; and the differential operational amplification circuit is used for differentially operating and amplifying the analog form signal, is matched with corresponding working voltage and outputs an analog voltage signal with an adjustable range. The invention can be compatible with the conversion requirements of sensor data in different formats and has universality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analog form output of sensor signals, in particular to a DAC circuit with an adjustable output range.
Background
In the field of light mechanical arms, the monitoring data of a sensor arranged in a mechanical arm joint is mostly output by adopting a digital signal. Because the digital signal is discrete and discontinuous, the direct observation of the test result of the sensor is not intuitive enough, and therefore, the digital signal is usually converted into an analog signal to be output so as to achieve a better monitoring effect.
Generally, sensors used for mechanical arm joints include a grating encoder, a magnetic grating encoder, a gyroscope and the like; even the same type of sensor installed in different robot arm joints may be of different manufacturers; whether different types or brands, the interface and communication protocols of the sensors may be different. The existing DAC (digital-to-analog converter) scheme for processing the monitoring data of the sensor is generally realized by using a DAC chip or a digital potentiometer and matching with a follower or a differential operational amplifier circuit; the range of the voltage amplitude output by the sensor is fixed, and the type of a digital interface interacting with the sensor is single; the sensor that hardly uses on with the arm joint different types, different manufacturers is effective compatible, and then can't satisfy the data conversion demand of different sensors.
Therefore, in view of the above disadvantages, it is desirable to provide a DAC circuit with high compatibility, which can receive sensor data of different interface forms and using different communication protocols, and the range of the finally output analog signal is adjustable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a DAC circuit with an adjustable output range, aiming at the defects of poor compatibility and fixed output voltage amplitude range of a circuit for performing digital-to-analog conversion on sensor data built in a mechanical arm in the prior art.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a DAC circuit with adjustable output range, including:
the power supply circuit is used for providing a plurality of paths of working voltages with preset amplitudes;
the interface circuit is used for providing interface conversion between sensor data or upper computer communication data and the MCU circuit;
the MCU circuit is used for analyzing the format of the sensor data or the communication data of the upper computer and then transmitting the data to the corresponding DAC circuit through the SPI interface;
the DAC conversion circuit is used for converting the digital signals sent by the SPI interface into analog signals; and the analog form signal is matched with corresponding working voltage and the output range is adjustable;
and the differential operational amplification circuit is used for differentially operating and amplifying the analog form signal, is matched with corresponding working voltage and outputs an analog voltage signal with an adjustable range.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the interface circuit is used for receiving communication data of an upper computer, and the communication data of the upper computer is uniformly issued to the interface circuit according to the format of a communication protocol after the upper computer receives single or multiple sensor data in advance; the interface circuit converts the received sensor data or the upper computer communication data into a USART format, an SPI format or a CAN format which CAN be analyzed by the MCU circuit.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the interface circuit comprises a first digital interface, a second digital interface and a third digital interface, and the three digital interfaces are respectively used for receiving sensor data in different formats.
In the DAC circuit with an adjustable output range according to the present invention,
the sensor data received by the first digital interface, the second digital interface and the third digital interface comprises any one of the following formats:
USART format, SPI format, RS485 format, CAN format, and RS232 format.
In the DAC circuit with adjustable output range according to the present invention, the DAC conversion circuit includes four DAC conversion channels, and each DAC conversion channel is configured with a differential operational amplifier circuit.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the power supply circuit converts direct-current input voltage from +15V to +24V into working voltage from +12V to +15V for output through the LM78L12 chip;
meanwhile, the power supply circuit converts the +15V to +24V direct-current input voltage into +5V voltage through an LT1376 chip; the +5V voltage is output through five branches:
the first branch circuit outputs +5V working voltage;
the second branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into 3.3V working voltage through an AMS1117 chip;
the third branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into a working voltage of-1V to-15V through a MAX766 chip;
the fourth branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into a reference level from 2.5V to 5V through a first TL431A chip;
the fifth branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into two reference levels from 2.5V to 5V through a second TL431A chip.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the interface circuit and the MCU circuit are powered by the 3.3V working voltage output by the power supply circuit.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the DAC conversion circuit is powered by +5V working voltage output by the power circuit, and one path of reference level from 2.5V to 5V is used as reference voltage.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the differential operation amplifying circuit adopts a positive power supply to supply power by adopting a +12V to +15V working voltage output by the power supply circuit, adopts a negative power supply to supply power by adopting a-1V to-15V working voltage output by the power supply circuit, and adopts two paths of reference levels of 2.5V to 5V as differential operation reference voltages.
In the DAC circuit with the adjustable output range, the MCU circuit comprises an STM32F427 chip and peripheral circuits thereof.
The DAC circuit with the adjustable output range has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides working voltages with various amplitudes through the power supply circuit, and the working voltages with different amplitudes of each path are respectively used as the power supply voltage and the reference voltage of each component circuit, so that the output of the DAC conversion circuit and the differential operation amplifying circuit can output analog voltage signals with adjustable ranges on the basis of selecting the reference voltage. The information of the physical quantity acquired by the sensor is represented by continuous change of the analog voltage signal in time and value, so that a user can obtain an intuitive observation effect.
Meanwhile, the invention is provided with a special interface circuit, the sensor data is transmitted to the MCU circuit, the data format is analyzed by the MCU circuit, and after corresponding function configuration is carried out, the data is transmitted to the DAC conversion circuit through the SPI interface, so that the invention can be compatible with the conversion requirements of the sensor data with different formats, and has universality.
The invention is used in the field of light mechanical arms, and is beneficial to improving the monitoring quality and efficiency of sensor data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of one embodiment of an adjustable output range DAC circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of an embodiment of an adjustable output range DAC circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of a power supply circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In a first specific embodiment, the present invention provides a DAC circuit with an adjustable output range, which is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 and includes:
a power supply circuit 110 for supplying a plurality of predetermined amplitude operating voltages;
the interface circuit 120 is used for providing interface conversion between sensor data or upper computer communication data and the MCU circuit;
the MCU circuit 130 is used for analyzing the format of sensor data or upper computer communication data and then sending the sensor data or the upper computer communication data to the corresponding DAC conversion circuit through the high-speed SPI interface;
the DAC conversion circuit 140 is configured to convert the digital signal sent from the high-speed SPI interface into an analog signal; and the analog form signal is matched with corresponding working voltage and the output range is adjustable;
and the differential operational amplifier circuit 150 is used for differentially operational amplifying the analog form signal, matching with the corresponding working voltage and outputting an analog voltage signal with an adjustable range.
The embodiment provides a circuit structure for performing digital-to-analog conversion on sensor data of different formats of a light mechanical arm. The power circuit 110 may be adapted to the requirements of other circuit structures to provide a power supply voltage or a reference level required by each chip in the circuit, where the power supply voltage may be a fixed value or a range value; in order to meet the requirement that the output range of the analog voltage signal of the differential operational amplifier circuit 150 is adjustable, the reference voltage is selected as a range value; because the differential reference voltage is adjustable and the amplification factor is adjustable, the output range of the differential operational amplifier circuit 150 is adjustable.
In order to be compatible with conversion of sensor data in different formats, the embodiment is provided with an interface circuit 120 and an MCU circuit 130, and the interface circuit 120 is configured to be compatible with reception of data in different formats; the MCU circuit 130 can modify its internal program to implement configuration of corresponding communication protocols and interfaces, so as to match the data transmission requirements of sensors of different models, different interface forms and different protocols. For example, for a digital sensor data format output by a magnetic grid encoder of a certain model to be SPI, the MCU circuit 130 may configure a communication protocol: address + upper 8-bit angular position data + middle 8-bit angular position data + lower 8-bit angular position data.
The MCU circuit 130 then transmits the parsed sensor data to the DAC conversion circuit 140 via the synchronous serial peripheral interface SPI.
The DAC conversion circuit 140 may employ a DAC8551 chip, which inputs a digital signal format SPI, outputs an analog signal voltage range: 0V to a reference level.
The differential operational amplifier circuit 150 can differentially operate and amplify the analog signal output by the DAC conversion circuit 140 according to an expected voltage output range, so that the final output voltage signal range of the circuit of the present invention can be adjusted, and high-precision conversion of the digital signal collected by the sensor can be achieved. For example, the differential operational amplifier circuit 150 may be implemented using an OPA134 single channel amplifier chip.
As an example, referring to fig. 1, the interface circuit is configured to receive upper computer communication data, where the upper computer communication data is sent to the interface circuit in a unified manner according to a format of a communication protocol after the upper computer receives single or multiple sensor data in advance; the interface circuit converts the received sensor data or the upper computer communication data into a USART format, an SPI format or a CAN format which CAN be analyzed by the MCU circuit.
In order to achieve the purpose of transmitting sensor data in various formats through one interface circuit 120, an upper computer can be adopted to receive multi-channel sensor data in advance, the multi-channel sensor data are packaged and processed according to the communication protocol format of the upper computer and an MCU after being analyzed, the packaged and processed data are issued to the MCU circuit 130 through the interface circuit 120, communication signals are analyzed by the MCU circuit 130 and then are sent to the DAC conversion circuit 140 through a high-speed SPI interface, corresponding voltages are output, and synchronous output of multi-channel DAC signals can be achieved.
The upper computer is adopted to realize the control of the multi-channel DAC conversion circuit 140 by the single-channel serial port, MCU hardware resources can be saved, MCU with fewer pins and smaller size can be replaced, or a multi-channel DAC chip can be replaced, and the integration level of the circuit is improved.
Parallel to the way of preprocessing data by the upper computer, the embodiment can also adopt the following form to transmit data:
as an example, as shown in fig. 2, the interface circuit includes a number one digital interface, a number two digital interface, and a number three digital interface, and the three digital interfaces are respectively used for receiving sensor data with different formats.
In the present embodiment, three digital interfaces are provided to meet the transmission requirements of data in different formats, and each digital interface corresponds to the transmission of data in one format.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, the sensor data received by the first digital interface, the second digital interface, and the third digital interface may include the following signal formats:
USART format, SPI format, RS485 format, CAN format, and RS232 format.
For example: a digital interface can receive USART format signal, and No. two digital interfaces can receive SPI format signal, and No. three digital interfaces can receive RS485 format signal. The three digital interfaces CAN also be respectively expanded into interfaces capable of receiving signals in formats such as CAN, RS232 and the like.
As an example, referring to fig. 2, the DAC conversion circuit includes four DAC conversion channels, and each DAC conversion channel is configured with a differential operational amplifier circuit.
In order to adjust the output range value of each physical quantity to be monitored, a differential operational amplifier circuit may be provided for each DAC conversion circuit. In a common use case, four DAC conversion channels are enough to meet the use requirement.
The following describes a specific embodiment of the power supply circuit 110:
as an example, referring to fig. 3, the power supply circuit converts a +15V to +24V dc input voltage into a +12V to +15V operating voltage for output through an LM78L12 chip;
meanwhile, the power supply circuit converts the direct current input voltage from +15V to +24V into +5V voltage through an LT1376 chip; the +5V voltage is output through five branches:
the first branch outputs +5V working voltage;
the second branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into 3.3V working voltage through an AMS1117 chip;
the third branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into a working voltage of-1V to-15V through a MAX766 chip;
the fourth branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into one reference level from 2.5V to 5V through a TL431A chip;
the fifth branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into two reference levels from 2.5V to 5V through a second TL431A chip.
In this embodiment, the input voltage of the power circuit 110 is selected from +15V to +24V dc voltage, which has versatility and is easy to obtain a switching power supply or an adapter; firstly, an LM78L12 chip is adopted to obtain a working voltage from +12V to +15V, and as a forward power supply of the operational amplifier needs to be provided and the voltage range of the input power supply is from +15V to +24V, the LM78L12 chip can be selected, and the adjustable voltage from +12V to +15V can be output through hardware adjustment and provided for the operational amplifier OPA134; a +15V to +24V power supply is input, and a +5V fixed power supply can be output to supply power to the DAC chip through the LT1376 chip; the +5V fixed power supply can provide +3.3V power supply required by the MCU and the interface circuit through the AMS1117 chip; the +5V fixed power supply can provide a negative power supply which can be adjusted from-1V to-15V for the operational amplifier through a MAX766 chip; the +5V fixed power supply can provide +2.5V to +5V adjustable reference voltage for the DAC chip and the operational amplifier respectively through two TL431A chips.
As an example, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the interface circuit and the MCU circuit are powered by the 3.3V operating voltage output by the power circuit.
As an example, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the DAC conversion circuit is powered by a fixed +5V operating voltage output by the power supply circuit, and a reference level of 2.5V to 5V is used as a reference voltage. The reference voltage is a range value, and the requirement that the signal output range is adjustable is met. The DAC conversion circuit can adopt a 16-bit high-precision DAC chip, and the DAC chip can obtain analog signal output with the voltage ranging from 0 to +2.5V to 0 to +5V within the range of reference voltage 2.5V to 5V.
For the selection of the reference voltage, for example: if the TL431A chip outputs the reference level +5V to the DAC, the DAC outputs the voltage range from 0 to +5V. The other TL431A chip outputs a reference voltage of +3.333V to the operational amplifier OPA134, and the reference voltage is amplified through differential operation, so that the final output voltage ranges from-10V to +10V, and the resolution corresponds to 16 bits. The positive and negative supply voltages of the operational amplifier OPA134 need to be in the range of greater than-10V to +10V, optionally, for example, -12V to +12V.
By way of example, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the differential operational amplifier circuit is powered by a positive power supply with an operating voltage of +12V to +15V output by the power supply circuit, and powered by a negative power supply with an operating voltage of-1V to-15V output by the power supply circuit, and uses two reference levels of 2.5V to 5V as the differential operational reference voltages. The differential operational amplifier circuit can amplify the DAC output in proportion and can realize the output of positive and negative voltages after being compared with reference voltage. Since the DAC outputs a maximum range of 0 to 5V, it is not intuitive if a signal having a positive or negative form such as speed, temperature, or the like is displayed only with a forward voltage. In the present disclosure, the maximum output range of the differential operational amplifier circuit can reach-15V to +15V.
When the output voltage range of the operational amplification circuit is expected to be from-15V to +15V, and the DAC output voltage range is supposed to be from 0V to +5V, the TL431A chip outputs a reference level +5V to the DAC, and the amplification factor of the differential operational amplification circuit is 6 times; since the amplification factor of the reference level is 5 times, another TL431A chip outputs a reference voltage of +3V to the OPA134, and the final output voltage ranges from-15V to +15V through differential operation amplification, corresponding to 16-bit resolution.
Therefore, the adjustable differential operation reference voltage is matched with the adjustable amplification factor resistor and the adjustable DAC output voltage range, so that the circuit disclosed by the invention can finally realize the output of high-precision digital-to-analog conversion data with adjustable range. If no differential operational amplifier circuit is provided, the DAC output range is only 0 to +2.5V to 0 to 5V, and no positive and negative output exists, the change amplitude is not obvious.
By way of example, the MCU circuit includes an STM32F427 chip and its peripheral circuits. The STM32F427 chip can be well realized, analyzes the communication signals of the upper computer or receives the digital signals of various sensors, packages the analyzed information into a software format which can be read by a DAC chip, and sends the information to the DAC through the high-speed SPI interface so as to output corresponding voltage. By modifying the communication protocol and the communication interface configuration in the MCU, the mechanical arm sensors with different models, interfaces and protocols can be matched and distributed to different DAC channels, so that the corresponding analog voltage is output. The system also can transmit multi-channel sensor data to the interface circuit in the disclosure after uniformly receiving and processing multi-channel sensor signals through the upper computer, and the data are analyzed, repacked and sent to the corresponding DAC through the MCU, so that synchronous multi-channel DAC output is realized.
The following illustrates the complete working process of the present disclosure:
for example, the interface circuit is selected, the SPI interface is used for receiving the digital signal of the magnetic grating encoder, the RS485 interface is used for receiving the digital signal of the grating encoder, and the USART interface is used for receiving the digital signal of the temperature sensor, the interface circuit converts the 3 channels of digital signals into the SPI signal and the USART signal to the MCU, and the SPI signal, the USART signal and the temperature signal are obtained by parsing, and are packaged again according to the DAC data format and then sent to the corresponding DACs from the SPI interfaces of the DAC1, DAC2 and DAC3 channels, so that the corresponding DACs output analog signals.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the digital form signal or the upper computer serial port communication signal collected by the sensor is converted by the interface circuit and sent to the MCU for analysis. The analyzed data is sent to a DAC chip, such as a 16-bit high-precision DAC chip, through a high-speed SPI interface, an analog signal between 0V and a DAC reference level is output, and then the analog signal is sent to a differential operation amplifying circuit. The amplification factor of the differential operation amplifying circuit and the differential operation reference voltage are adjustable, so that the amplitude range of an output signal is adjustable, and the maximum output range can reach-15V to +15V.
In conclusion, the invention can be compatible with each sensor interface of the mechanical arm and obtain a high-precision digital-to-analog conversion result with adjustable output range.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An output range adjustable DAC circuit, comprising:
the power supply circuit is used for providing a plurality of paths of working voltages with preset amplitudes;
the interface circuit is used for providing interface conversion between sensor data or upper computer communication data and the MCU circuit;
the MCU circuit is used for analyzing the format of the sensor data or the communication data of the upper computer and then transmitting the data to the corresponding DAC circuit through the SPI interface;
the DAC converting circuit is used for converting the digital signals sent by the SPI interface into analog signals; and the analog form signal is matched with corresponding working voltage and the output range is adjustable;
the differential operational amplification circuit is used for differentially operating and amplifying the analog form signal, is matched with corresponding working voltage and outputs an analog voltage signal with an adjustable range;
the power supply circuit converts the +15V to +24V direct-current input voltage into +12V to +15V working voltage through the LM78L12 chip and outputs the working voltage;
meanwhile, the power supply circuit converts the direct current input voltage from +15V to +24V into +5V voltage through an LT1376 chip; the +5V voltage is output through five branches:
the first branch circuit outputs +5V working voltage;
the +5V voltage is converted into 3.3V working voltage by the second branch circuit through the AMS1117 chip;
the third branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into a working voltage of-1V to-15V through a MAX766 chip;
the fourth branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into one reference level from 2.5V to 5V through a TL431A chip;
the fifth branch circuit converts the +5V voltage into two reference levels from 2.5V to 5V through a second TL431A chip.
2. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the interface circuit is used for receiving communication data of the upper computer, and the communication data of the upper computer is uniformly transmitted to the interface circuit according to the format of a communication protocol after the upper computer receives single or multiple sensor data in advance; the interface circuit converts the received sensor data or the upper computer communication data into a USART format, an SPI format or a CAN format which CAN be analyzed by the MCU circuit.
3. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the interface circuit comprises a first digital interface, a second digital interface and a third digital interface, wherein the three digital interfaces are respectively used for receiving sensor data in different formats.
4. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of claim 3, wherein: the sensor data received by the first digital interface, the second digital interface and the third digital interface comprises any one of the following formats:
USART format, SPI format, RS485 format, CAN format, and RS232 format.
5. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the DAC conversion circuit comprises four DAC conversion channels, and each DAC conversion channel is provided with a differential operation amplification circuit.
6. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the interface circuit and the MCU circuit are powered by the 3.3V working voltage output by the power circuit.
7. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the DAC conversion circuit adopts +5V working voltage output by the power circuit to supply power, and adopts one path of reference level from 2.5V to 5V as reference voltage.
8. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
the positive power supply of the differential operational amplification circuit is powered by +12V to +15V working voltage output by the power circuit, the negative power supply is powered by-1V to-15V working voltage output by the power circuit, and two paths of reference levels from 2.5V to 5V are used as differential operational reference voltage.
9. The output-range-adjustable DAC circuit of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the MCU circuit comprises an STM32F427 chip and a peripheral circuit thereof.
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| CN201811523989.9A CN109687873B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | DAC circuit with adjustable output range |
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| CN201811523989.9A CN109687873B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | DAC circuit with adjustable output range |
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| CN109687873B true CN109687873B (en) | 2023-03-10 |
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| CN201383805Y (en) * | 2009-04-10 | 2010-01-13 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Module for converting serial communication signal into analog signal |
| CN202306377U (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2012-07-04 | 北京强度环境研究所 | Feedback type ultra-high-precision voltage source |
| US9632059B2 (en) * | 2015-09-03 | 2017-04-25 | Ashwin-Ushas Corporation, Inc. | Potentiostat/galvanostat with digital interface |
| CN207337257U (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-05-08 | 北京大华无线电仪器有限责任公司 | The multichannel variable voltage source realized with digital analog converter |
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