CN109687548A - A kind of battery group supplement electric-type active equalization device - Google Patents
A kind of battery group supplement electric-type active equalization device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109687548A CN109687548A CN201811617879.9A CN201811617879A CN109687548A CN 109687548 A CN109687548 A CN 109687548A CN 201811617879 A CN201811617879 A CN 201811617879A CN 109687548 A CN109687548 A CN 109687548A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of battery group supplement electric-type active equalization device, including at least one equalization function module, DC/DC module, active equalization supplying cell, MCU, wherein equalization function module includes two-way disconnecting switch array, arbitration unit, isolation charging module and the isolation measurement module of one group of single battery.Each equalization function module can singly complete the active equalization of one group of single battery under the cooperation of MCU and active equalization supplying cell.Arbitration unit is responsible for arbitrating in two-way disconnecting switch array by the corresponding switch of balancing battery, its independent strobe mechanism can avoid the risk of battery short circuit from hardware, arbitration unit will also control the time division multiplexing of isolation charging module and isolation measurement module, prevent charging and measurement module from interacting.Rechargeable energy of the invention derives from battery pack itself, ensure that the accuracy and safety of charging and measurement by arbitration unit, the extension of balancing battery group is realized by the multiplexing of multiple functional modules.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery pack equilibrium management technical field, more specifically a kind of benefit charging battery group is actively
Equal balance system.
Background technique
Battery is all often in such a way that series connection improves voltage come using but due to the various differences of different monomers battery
The influence of different factor, there is inconsistent phenomenons for each single battery characteristic.It is this inconsistent to leverage entire battery
The performance of group, " wooden pail effect " showed cause entire battery pack to be all affected.Electricity can be even seriously affected sometimes
The service life of pond group entirety and use are safe.Equalization technique is adjusted by real-time monitoring single battery state parameter, dynamic
Each single battery energy balance in batteries group is the fundamental way for solving inconsistence problems.According to balanced energy branch mode,
Equalization technique can be divided into passive balanced and active equalization two major classes.Active equalization has feature with high accuracy, rechargeable
Active equalization more avoids the shortcomings that energy dissipation of discharge type equilibrium, fever, has the advantages that energy-saving environmental protection safety.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of batteries to supplement electric-type active equalization device, by electric in battery group
Measuring low battery, to carry out active charge formula balanced, safety, it is energy-efficient under the premise of achieve the effect that equilibrium.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of batteries to supplement electric-type active equalization device characterized by comprising
All series connection of at least one equalization function module, at least one equalization function module pass through DC/DC by balancing battery group
Converter is connected to active equalization supplying cell, and the active equalization supplying cell is connected to MCU, and the MCU is further connected
To the isolation measurement module and isolation charging module of each equalization function module, according to the isolation measurement module to single battery
Measurement result control the isolation charging module and charge to corresponding single battery；Each equalization function module is also
Including two-way disconnecting switch array, the positive and negative anodes by balanced single battery of each equalization function module are connected to described
Two-way disconnecting switch array, the isolation measurement Module cycle detect the voltage by balanced single battery, and the MCU is saved
The low single battery information of the electricity that the isolation measurement module detects；The isolation charging module is provided according to the MCU
The low single battery information single battery low to the electricity of electricity charge.
Further, each equalization function module further includes arbitration unit, and each equalization function module is also wrapped
Arbitration unit is included, the arbitration unit hardware has independent strobe mechanism, so that two-way disconnecting switch array acts on monomer electricity
Chi Shi, the anode gating of only one most single battery, the negative terminal gating of only one most battery；The arbitration unit
One end is connected to the MCU, and the other end is respectively connected to the two-way disconnecting switch array, the isolation charging module and isolation
Measurement module；The arbitration unit arbitrates two-way disconnecting switch when the MCU is not stored the low single battery information of electricity
Array so that only detecting every time to one piece of single battery, while arbitrating the isolation charging module and not working；The arbitration
Unit arbitrates two-way disconnecting switch array when the MCU is stored with the low single battery information of electricity, so that every time only to one
Block single battery charges, while arbitrating the isolation measurement module and not working.
Further, the MCU is single-chip microcontroller, ARM or DSP.
Further, the active equalization supplying cell is that can be realized energy storage, and conventional voltage is 12V's or 24V
Rechargeable battery.
It further, can be by this single battery just by selecting the two-way disconnecting switch of certain single battery positive and negative terminal
Negative terminal gating；
The current direction switched in two-way disconnecting switch array can also can be reversed stream with forward stream.
Further, the isolation charging module exports constant electric current；According to the control of the MCU, work as output voltage
Higher than stopping output electric current after certain value；The input and output end electrical isolation of the isolation charging module.
Further, the analogue measurement end of isolation measurement module and digital transmission end electrical isolation.
On the other hand, the present invention provides a kind of side of battery supplement electric-type active equalization device progress Balance route
Method, the battery supplement electric-type active equalization device include the measuring device for measuring cell voltage and electric current, feature
It is,
The described method includes:
The record selected data used by balancing battery group, the data include:
Data (a), the maximum available C0 of battery pack；
Data (b), test obtain, and the single battery of the model during the charging process, selects terminal voltage to change sharply with SOC
Region AC, this region SOC mean value is Sac, the open-circuit voltage values UOac of the model single battery, when with constant current Ih charging, in SOC
End voltage for the model single battery at Sac is Uhc, in this region, holds the changing value of voltage Uhc and the changing value of SOC
Fixed proportion value Rhc；
Data (c), test obtain, and the single battery of the model during discharge, selects terminal voltage to change sharply with SOC
Region AD, this region SOC mean value is Sad, the open-circuit voltage values UOad of the model single battery, when with constant current Ih electric discharge, in SOC
End voltage for the model single battery at Sad is Uhd, in this region, holds the changing value of voltage Uhd and the changing value of SOC
Fixed proportion value Rhd；
The method further includes following steps:
Step (1) records the average end of average current Ivs, single battery in the nearest ts time in battery use process
The average value Uvs of voltage Uvn and all single battery average terminal voltages,
Equivalent when thinking with Ivs constant-current charge or electric discharge, the voltage of single battery is Uvn, all lists in battery pack
The average voltage of body cell voltage is Uvs；
Step (2), judges whether battery pack meets AC provincial characteristics or AD provincial characteristics, by all single battery electricity
The average voltage Uvs of pressure is equivalent to being averaged for all monomer battery voltages under conditions of with constant current Ih charge or discharge etc.
Effect voltage is Uvhs, and the judgment method whether met is,
Judgment method (a), AC provincial characteristics judgment method are that Uvhs is greater than Uhc, and Uvhs
In a certain range with Uhc difference, then it is assumed that battery pack meets AC provincial characteristics,
Judgment method (b), AD provincial characteristics judgment method are that Uvhs is less than Uhd, and Uvhs and Uhc difference is certain
In range, then it is assumed that battery pack meets AD provincial characteristics,
Under constant-current charge, constant-current discharge, at a certain specific SOC value, the difference of single battery end voltage and open-circuit voltage
(U-OCV) and I is at approximately fixed ratio, thus SOC value be Sac when end voltage Uvhs and open-circuit voltage UOac difference and
Ratio (Uvhs-UOac)/Ih of constant-current charge electric current Ih, the difference of end voltage Uvs and open-circuit voltage when with Ivs constant-current charge
It is equal with ratio (Uvs-UOac)/Ivs of Ivs, that is, it is equivalent to end voltage Uvhs=(Uvs-UOac) the * Ih/ of Ih constant-current charge
Ivs+UOac, similarly, when SOC value is Sad, Ivs constant-current discharge is equivalent to the end voltage relationship of Ih constant-current discharge are as follows: Uvhs=
(Uvs-UOad)*Ih/Ivs+UOad；
Step (3) is calculated separately when battery characteristic in use meets step (2) described provincial characteristics described
The difference of single battery SOC and battery pack SOC when region,
In Ivs constant-current charge, monomer voltage Uvn is equivalent to equivalent voltage Uvhn, the Uvhn=(Uvn- under charging with Ih
UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac is then equivalent to the difference Uvhn-Uvhs of Uvhn Uvhs under constant-current charge Ih
=(Uvn-UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac-((Uvs-UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac)=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/Ivs,
Similarly, in Ivs constant-current discharge, difference Uvhn-Uvhs==(Uvn-UOad) the * Ih/Ivs+ of Uvhn Uvhs
UOad–((Uvs-UOad)*Ih/Ivs+UOad)
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/Ivs, the calculation formula for being charged and discharged Uvhn-Uvhs is identical,
Constant current Ih charge or discharge end voltage curve is subjected to linear equivalence near certain SOC, then hold voltage change with
The proportional relationship of SOC changing value, under Ih constant-current charge, when SOC is Sac, which is Rhc, under Ih constant-current discharge, when
When SOC is Sad, which is Rhd, therefore, is equal to Rhc or Rhd by voltage change ratio SOC changing value under charge or discharge and obtains
It arrives, the difference of single battery SOC and battery pack SOC are as follows:
Single battery is averaged SOC deviation Secn in the region AC constant-current charge with battery pack
=(Uvhn-Uvhs)/Rhc
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/ (Ivs*Rhc),
Single battery is averaged SOC deviation Sedn in the region AD constant-current discharge with battery pack
=(Uvhn-Uvhs)/Rhd
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/ (Ivs*Rhd)；
Step (4), after obtaining deviation Secn and deviation Sedn at the same time, equal according to electric current in series-connected cell group
Know that the changing value of the electricity of all single batteries is also equal, obtains the estimated value Cn and SOC changing value of monomer maximum available
Product and battery pack maximum available C0 it is equal with the average changing value product of SOC value, then Cn
=(Sac-Sdc) * C0/ ((Secn+Sac)-(Sedn+Sad)),
Then equilibrium electricity Qn needed for monomer deviates battery pack median Sm is calculated
=(Secn+Sac-Sm) * Cn- (Sac-Sm) * C0；
Step (5) carries out balancing energy to the single battery according to balanced electricity Qn.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in: the energy of charging to derive from battery pack itself, without reserve battery or other
Energy source；Arbitration unit gates only one single battery, and the switch of remaining battery positive and negative terminal is in an off state, row
In addition to the risk of battery short circuit；Arbitration unit arbitration isolation charging and the multiplexing of isolation measurement module time, avoid and influence each other；
Expansible functional module brings convenient and flexibility.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of battery group supplement electric-type active equalization device principle block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is non-balanced state and equalization target status diagram in equalization methods of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of battery pack balancing control of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a kind of functional block diagram of battery group supplement electric-type active equalization device of the present invention, at least one is balanced
Functional module, in one embodiment, the equalization function module are 3.At least one equalization function module owns
Series connection is by balancing battery group, and an equalization function block coupled in series battery is 12 in one embodiment, and all series connection are balanced
Battery pack is 12 × 3=36, is connected to active equalization supplying cell, the active equalization power supply electricity by DC/DC converter
Pond is connected to MCU, and the MCU is further attached to the isolation measurement module and isolation charging module of each equalization function module,
The isolation charging mould is controlled according to measurement result of the isolation measurement module to the single battery of corresponding equalization function module
Block charges to corresponding single battery；Each equalization function module further includes two-way disconnecting switch array, described every
The positive and negative anodes by balanced single battery of a equalization function module are connected to the two-way disconnecting switch array, and the isolation is surveyed
Amount Module cycle detects the voltage by balanced single battery, and the MCU saves the electricity that the isolation measurement module detects
Measure low single battery information；The low single battery information of the electricity that the isolation charging module is provided according to the MCU is to this
The low single battery of electricity charges.
Battery is lithium battery；Active equalization supplying cell is lead-acid battery, in a preferred embodiment its standard
Voltage is 24V；DC/DC can export 24V DC voltage；MCU be single-chip microcontroller, ARM or DSP, in a preferred embodiment,
MCU is ARM microcontroller.Isolation charging module is powered using isolated power supply, can export 200mA, 400mA or 600mA
Constant current exports 400mA electric current, and output voltage can make when being higher than 4.3V in a preferred embodiment
It is 0 that electric current, which must be exported,；Isolation measurement module is powered using isolated power supply, uses 16 high-precision adcs；Two-way isolation
Switch arrays can gate the positive and negative terminal of each single battery；Arbitration unit guarantees only one single battery quilt of synchronization
Gating, while guaranteeing isolation acquisition and the multiplexing of isolation measurement module time, i.e. only one module of synchronization acts on.More specifically
, the arbitration unit hardware has independent strobe mechanism, when so that two-way disconnecting switch array acting on single battery, at most
The anode of only one single battery gates, the negative terminal gating of only one most battery；One end of the arbitration unit connects
To the MCU, the other end is respectively connected to the two-way disconnecting switch array, the isolation charging module and isolation measurement mould
Block；The arbitration unit arbitrates two-way disconnecting switch array when the MCU is not stored the low single battery information of electricity,
So that only being detected every time to one piece of single battery, while arbitrating the isolation charging module and not working；The arbitration unit
When the MCU is stored with the low single battery information of electricity, two-way disconnecting switch array is arbitrated, so that every time only to one piece of list
Body battery charges, while arbitrating the isolation measurement module and not working.
By selecting the two-way disconnecting switch of certain single battery positive and negative terminal, the positive and negative terminal of this single battery can be gated,
The current direction switched in two-way disconnecting switch array can also can be reversed stream with forward stream.
All series connection of 3 equalization function modules by the voltage of balancing battery group between 80V~160V between, DC/DC
It charges a battery, ensure that battery has certain electricity, while battery provides operating voltage to MCU.
After battery supplements the power-up initializing of electric-type active equalization device modules, isolation measurement module is in arbitration unit
Arbitration under, isolation measurement module carries out training in rotation acquisitions to 12 single batteries, and charging module is isolated at this time and does not work.All 12
The acquisition information of a single battery is transmitted to MCU.It is to be performed simultaneously parallel between 3 modules, is independent of each other；Isolation measurement module
Analogue measurement end and digital transmission end electrical isolation.
MCU judges the battery that charge balancing is needed in 3 functional modules, under the arbitration of arbitration unit, guarantees charging mould
Block is had an effect, and only one battery of synchronization charges.It is to be performed simultaneously parallel between 3 modules, is independent of each other.Institute
It states isolation charging module and exports constant electric current；According to the control of the MCU, stop output after output voltage is higher than certain value
Electric current；The input and output end electrical isolation of the isolation charging module.
In this way, the low battery of electricity under continuous charge balancing, can gradually will be less than in the electricity supplement of other batteries
Come, it is effective which, which supplements electric-type active equalization device,.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 is the non-balanced state and equalization target status diagram when carrying out balanced using balancer described in Fig. 1.
As shown in the figure, it is assumed that lithium battery group is composed in series by 6 single batteries, and 6 single batteries are respectively with 6 rectangles
It represents, rectangular the length representative capacity of battery, 6 battery capacities vary, 6 single batteries series connection, therefore electricity
Flow identical, the variation of electricity is identical, therefore the electric quantity change of battery pack is indicated with blue dotted line.
All there is some difference for the capacity and SOC that can be seen that 6 single batteries from non-balanced state (left figure), in electricity
When pond group charges, battery pack remaining capacity (blue dotted line) is moved up, and when the electricity for reaching No. 5 batteries is full of point, charging must stop
It only, therefore herein is the dead line of charge capacity, in battery power discharge, battery pack remaining capacity (blue dotted line) is moved down, when
The electricity for reaching No. 4 batteries discharges a little, and electric discharge must stop, therefore is herein the dead line of discharge electricity amount.In non-balanced state
Under, the capacity of battery pack has certain loss, the loss of capacity be codetermined by the difference of capacity and the difference of SOC, if
Without equilibrium, the loss of capacity will deteriorate with the expansion of capacity volume variance and SOC difference.
From the Balance route dbjective state of being reached (right figure) of the present invention as can be seen that by balancer to list
Body battery carries out individually being charged and discharged adjustment, makes battery pack charge capacity dead line and No. 4 batteries of minimum capacity single battery
Electricity is consistent full of point, and battery power discharge electricity dead line and No. 4 battery capacities of minimum capacity single battery discharge a little unanimously.Tool
The control method of body is to make all single batteries in charge or discharge, and SOC reaches a certain median jointly.
From equalization target state and non-balanced state comparison as can be seen that appearance can be used by reaching the battery pack of equalization target state
Amount is obviously improved, also, other 5 single batteries electricity in use in addition to No. 4 batteries is full of to put and discharges a general with electricity
The charge cutoff point and electric discharge cut off of battery pack are avoided to the greatest extent, this stablizes for the capacity of battery pack, and there are certain
Guarantee allowance.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of Balance route described in the method for the present invention.Before executing process, following number should be obtained first
According to:
Data (a), the maximum available C0 of battery pack, the data can not update；
Data (b), test obtain, and the single battery of the model during the charging process, selects terminal voltage to change sharply with SOC
Region AC, this region SOC mean value is Sac, the open-circuit voltage values UOac of the model single battery, when with constant current Ih charging, in SOC
End voltage for the model single battery at Sac is Uhc, in this region, holds the changing value of voltage Uhc and the changing value of SOC
Fixed proportion value Rhc, data (b) can not update；
Data (c), test obtain, and the single battery of the model during discharge, selects terminal voltage to change sharply with SOC
Region AD, this region SOC mean value is Sad, the open-circuit voltage values UOad of the model single battery, when with constant current Ih electric discharge, in SOC
End voltage for the model single battery at Sad is Uhd, in this region, holds the changing value of voltage Uhd and the changing value of SOC
Fixed proportion value Rhd, data (c) can not update.
Data (d) make (Sac+Sad)/2=Sm at the constituency region AC and AD.
On the basis of being based on above-mentioned data, the program of Balance route is divided into two parts, and a part is equilibrium calculation, separately
A part executes to be balanced.
Balanced calculating executes once in timing every ts time, step are as follows:
(a1) it samples and calculates
The average value of the sampled value of all monomer voltages and electric current in the ts time is calculated first, it is assumed that by k single battery,
K is the positive integer greater than 2, and single battery average voltage level is { Uv1, Uv2 ..., Uvk }, average current Ivs, single battery
Mean value Uvs=(Uv1+Uv2+ ...+Uvk)/k of average voltage；
(a2) judge
When charging, whether judgement (Uvs-UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac is greater than Uhc, and with Uhc difference in a certain range
It is interior, then it is assumed that battery pack meets AC provincial characteristics,
When electric discharge, whether judgement (Uvs-UOad) * Ih/Ivs+UOad is less than Uhd, and with Uhd difference in a certain range
It is interior, then it is assumed that battery pack meets AD provincial characteristics；
If met, (a3) is performed the next step, if do not met, is not dealt with, (a1) sampling and meter are continued to execute
It calculates；
(a3) SOC deviation is calculated
Be averaged when n-th of single battery charging with battery pack SOC deviation Secn
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/ (Ivs*Rhc),
Be averaged when n-th of single battery electric discharge with battery pack SOC deviation Sedn
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/ (Ivs*Rhd),
According to above-mentioned formula, the charging deviation for the SOC that can obtain that all single batteries are opposite and battery pack be averaged and discharge partially
Difference group is respectively
{ Sec1, Sec2 ..., Seck },
{Sed1,Sed2,…,Sedk}；
Equilibrium executes timing and executes, step are as follows:
(b1) judge whether to obtain one group of completely new charging and discharging SOC deviation array, if it is, calculating each battery
Required equilibrium electricity, and equilibrium is executed, if it is not, then not dealing with；
(b2) balanced electricity is calculated, equilibrium is executed
According to calculation formula Qon=(Secn-Sedn) * C0*h/2 of n-th of single battery equilibrium electricity, wherein 0 < h < 1,
According to project situation adjust numerical value, equilibrium electricity needed for all single batteries are calculated { Qo1, Qo2 ..., Qok },
Judge whether all single batteries need equilibrium according to-Qd < Qon < Qc, n-th of single battery if Qon meets
Equilibrium is not needed, otherwise executes balanced electricity using equalizing circuit, electricity is canonical electric discharge, is negative, charges, wherein Qd and Qc
Value according to engineering test situation adjust.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the interest field being not intended to limit the present invention, therefore to hair
Various changes, modification or the equivalent replacement that bright specific embodiment carries out are within scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of battery supplements electric-type active equalization device characterized by comprising at least one equalization function module, institute
All series connection for stating at least one equalization function module are connected to active equalization power supply by DC/DC converter by balancing battery group
Battery, the active equalization supplying cell are connected to MCU, and the MCU is further attached to the isolation of each equalization function module
Measurement module and isolation charging module fill the measurement result control isolation of single battery according to the isolation measurement module
Electric module charges to corresponding single battery；Each equalization function module further includes two-way disconnecting switch array, institute
The positive and negative anodes by balanced single battery for stating each equalization function module are connected to the two-way disconnecting switch array.
2. battery according to claim 1 supplements electric-type active equalization device, which is characterized in that the isolation measurement mould
By the voltage of balanced single battery described in block cycle detection, it is low that the MCU saves the electricity that the isolation measurement module detects
Single battery information；The low single battery information of the electricity that the isolation charging module is provided according to the MCU is to the electricity
Low single battery charges.
3. battery according to claim 2 supplements electric-type active equalization device, which is characterized in that each balanced function
Energy module further includes arbitration unit, and the arbitration unit hardware has independent strobe mechanism, so that two-way disconnecting switch array is made
When for single battery, the anode gating of only one most single battery, the negative terminal gating of only one most battery；It is described
One end of arbitration unit is connected to the MCU, and the other end is respectively connected to the two-way disconnecting switch array, isolation charging
Module and isolation measurement module；For the arbitration unit when the MCU is not stored the low single battery information of electricity, arbitration is double
To disconnecting switch array, so that only detecting every time to one piece of single battery, while the isolation charging module not work is arbitrated
Make；The arbitration unit is arbitrated two-way disconnecting switch array, is made when the MCU is stored with the low single battery information of electricity
It obtains and only charges every time to one piece of single battery, while arbitrating the isolation measurement module and not working.
4. battery according to claim 2 supplements electric-type active equalization device, which is characterized in that the MCU is monolithic
Machine, ARM or DSP.
5. battery according to claim 1 to 3 supplements electric-type active equalization device, the active equalization is supplied
Battery is that can be realized energy storage, and conventional voltage is the rechargeable battery of 12V or 24V.
6. battery according to any one of claims 1-4 supplements electric-type active equalization device, which is characterized in that described
Isolation charging module exports constant electric current；According to the control of the MCU, stop output electricity after output voltage is higher than certain value
Stream；The input and output end electrical isolation of the isolation charging module.
7. isolation measurement module according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the analogue measurement end sum number of isolation measurement module
Word transmission end electrical isolation.
8. a kind of method for carrying out Balance route using the supplement electric-type active equalization device of battery described in claim 1, institute
Stating battery supplement electric-type active equalization device includes the measuring device for measuring cell voltage and electric current, which is characterized in that
The described method includes:
The record selected data used by balancing battery group, the data include:
Data (a), the maximum available C0 of battery pack；
Data (b), test obtain, and the single battery of the model during the charging process, selects terminal voltage to change sharply region with SOC
AC, this region SOC mean value are that Sac, the open-circuit voltage values UOac of the model single battery are in SOC when with constant current Ih charging
The end voltage of the model single battery is Uhc at Sac, in this region, the changing value of the changing value and SOC of end voltage Uhc
Fixed proportion value Rhc；
Data (c), test obtain, and the single battery of the model during discharge, selects terminal voltage to change sharply region with SOC
AD, this region SOC mean value are that Sad, the open-circuit voltage values UOad of the model single battery are in SOC when with constant current Ih electric discharge
The end voltage of the model single battery is Uhd at Sad, in this region, the changing value of the changing value and SOC of end voltage Uhd
Fixed proportion value Rhd；
The method further includes following steps:
Step (1) records the average terminal voltage of average current Ivs, single battery in the nearest ts time in battery use process
The average value Uvs of Uvn and all single battery average terminal voltages,
Equivalent when thinking with Ivs constant-current charge or electric discharge, the voltage of single battery is Uvn, all monomer electricity in battery pack
The average voltage of cell voltage is Uvs；
Step (2), judges whether battery pack meets AC provincial characteristics or AD provincial characteristics, by all monomer battery voltages
Average voltage Uvs is equivalent to the average equivalent electricity of all monomer battery voltages under conditions of with constant current Ih charge or discharge
Pressure is Uvhs, and the judgment method whether met is,
Judgment method (a), AC provincial characteristics judgment method are that Uvhs is greater than Uhc, and Uvhs and Uhc difference are in a certain range
It is interior, then it is assumed that battery pack meets AC provincial characteristics,
Judgment method (b), AD provincial characteristics judgment method are that Uvhs is less than Uhd, and Uvhs and Uhc difference are in a certain range
It is interior, then it is assumed that battery pack meets AD provincial characteristics,
Under constant-current charge, constant-current discharge, at a certain specific SOC value, the difference (U- of single battery end voltage and open-circuit voltage
OCV) and I is at approximately fixed ratio, therefore the difference of end the voltage Uvhs and open-circuit voltage UOac when SOC value is Sac and perseverance
Ratio (Uvhs-UOac)/Ih of current charge electric current Ih, the difference of end voltage Uvs and open-circuit voltage when with Ivs constant-current charge with
Ratio (Uvs-UOac)/Ivs of Ivs is equal, that is, is equivalent to end voltage Uvhs=(Uvs-UOac) the * Ih/Ivs of Ih constant-current charge
+ UOac, similarly, when SOC value is Sad, Ivs constant-current discharge is equivalent to the end voltage relationship of Ih constant-current discharge are as follows: Uvhs=
(Uvs-UOad)*Ih/Ivs+UOad；
Step (3) is calculated separately when battery characteristic in use meets step (2) described provincial characteristics in the region
When single battery SOC and battery pack SOC difference,
In Ivs constant-current charge, monomer voltage Uvn is equivalent to equivalent voltage Uvhn, the Uvhn=(Uvn- under charging with Ih
UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac is then equivalent to the difference Uvhn-Uvhs of Uvhn Uvhs under constant-current charge Ih
=(Uvn-UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac-((Uvs-UOac) * Ih/Ivs+UOac)
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/Ivs,
Similarly, in Ivs constant-current discharge, the difference Uvhn-Uvhs=of Uvhn Uvhs
=(Uvn-UOad) * Ih/Ivs+UOad-((Uvs-UOad) * Ih/Ivs+UOad)
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/Ivs, the calculation formula for being charged and discharged Uvhn-Uvhs is identical,
Constant current Ih charge or discharge end voltage curve is subjected to linear equivalence near certain SOC, then voltage change and SOC is held to become
Change is worth proportional relationship, under Ih constant-current charge, when SOC is Sac, which is Rhc, under Ih constant-current discharge, when SOC is
When Sad, which is Rhd, therefore, is equal to Rhc or Rhd by voltage change ratio SOC changing value under charge or discharge and obtains, single
The difference of body battery SOC and battery pack SOC are as follows:
Single battery is averaged SOC deviation Secn in the region AC constant-current charge with battery pack
=(Uvhn-Uvhs)/Rhc
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/ (Ivs*Rhc),
Single battery is averaged SOC deviation Sedn in the region AD constant-current discharge with battery pack
=(Uvhn-Uvhs)/Rhd
=(Uvn-Uvs) * Ih/ (Ivs*Rhd)；
Step (4) learns institute according to electric current in series-connected cell group is equal after obtaining deviation Secn and deviation Sedn at the same time
There is the changing value of the electricity of single battery also equal, obtains multiplying for the estimated value Cn and SOC changing value of monomer maximum available
Product is equal with the average changing value product of SOC value with battery pack maximum available C0, then Cn
=(Sac-Sdc) * C0/ ((Secn+Sac)-(Sedn+Sad)),
Then equilibrium electricity Qn needed for monomer deviates battery pack median Sm is calculated
=(Secn+Sac-Sm) * Cn- (Sac-Sm) * C0；
Step (5) carries out balancing energy to the single battery according to balanced electricity Qn.
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