CN109683642A - Air data probe and its temprature control method with induction heating - Google Patents
Air data probe and its temprature control method with induction heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN109683642A CN109683642A CN201910108204.XA CN201910108204A CN109683642A CN 109683642 A CN109683642 A CN 109683642A CN 201910108204 A CN201910108204 A CN 201910108204A CN 109683642 A CN109683642 A CN 109683642A
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/22—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element being a thermocouple
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
- G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
Abstract
This application involves air data probes and its temprature control method with induction heating.A kind of system is provided, air data probe and induced power generator with induction coil are included.In some instances, induction coil and tip of the Pitot tube with straight-tube portion or the induction coil of conical section.Induced power generator provides high-frequency ac electric signal to one or more induction coils.The partial interior of induction coil Pitot tube conduction around it generates alternating current magnetic field, to pass through the Joule effect caused by being vortexed and the common heat production of hysteresis effect.Control system independently controls the signal for being applied to each induction coil, including frequency, electric current and voltage.
Description
Technical field
This application involves aircraft air data probes, such as Pitot tube.Specifically, this application involves have for anti-freeze
The air data of integrated induction heating system is popped one's head in.
Background technique
Pitot tube and other air datas probe are (for example, Pitot-static tube, static port, full temperature probe and the angle of attack pass
Sensor/Alpha's blade) icing, be acknowledged as serious flight safety hidden danger for a long time, which already leads to
Many fatal air crash accidents.
The ice condition of most serious occurs in high-altitude flight, and aircraft passes through the cloud layer formed by super-cooling waterdrop.These mistakes
Cold water drop can be freezed rapidly, adhere to, and gather after hitting any not protected surface or underheated surface.In addition,
Ice crystal or water droplet may be inhaled into the opening of various probes.
Pitot tube is the example that ice formation issues are often faced in all air data probes.Aircraft relies on skin support mostly
Pipe provides stagnation pressure force data.Gross pressure is most important to the calculating of air speed.Pitot tube is felt by the small opening of forward tip
By the gross pressure of air-flow.If this opening is blocked by accumulated ice, the air speed data of acquisition is by the unreliable of change.
There are problems for existing deicing solution.For example, traditional resistance wire, which cannot reach, fights severe icing ring
Local heat flux density needed for border.In general, needing eliminate accumulated ice within 1-2 minutes with the Pitot tube of Resistant heating.For flight
For safety, it is unacceptable that 1-2 minutes, which lose reliable flying speed data,.
Other than in addition to its maximum heat flow density relatively low (in 10W/cm2 order of magnitude) the shortcomings that, resistance wire is easy to damage and holds
Easily overheat.Therefore, Resistant heating system is only just used when flying condition allows in some cases.Heat exists first
It is generated inside resistance wire, then by the protection insulating layer of thermally conductive outflow resistance wire, finally reaches the main body of Pitot tube.Resistance wire
The temperature of itself is highest in system forever.The Pitot tube main component that resistance wire is also needed and is heated keeps good heat to connect
Touching, otherwise, hot-spot will be difficult to avoid that.
In addition, traditional Pitot tube heating system lacks reliable temperature measure and control ability.Many existing skin supports
Pipe heating system is all based on simple Open-Close operation.Since the size of Pitot tube conical section is smaller, volume is introduced inside it
Outer temperature sensor is more difficult.Lack reliable, practical Pitot tube thermometry, is that restriction is more energy efficient, sensitiveer
Control mode be widely applied reason in practice.
It can be seen that needing the heating method and heating system design of a kind of improved air data probe, reach than electricity
It hinders silk and heats higher heat flow density, it is relatively reliable and controllable.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that method proposed in the application uses induction heating technique, overcomes resistance heating.Provide a kind of energy
Enough generating local heat flux density is more than resistance wire an order of magnitude, non-contact and controllable heating method.
This application involves the air data probes of integrated one or more induction coils.Each coil can be controlled individually
Frequency and (or) Current Voltage, to meet the different demand for heat of probe various pieces.Each coil is alternatively arranged as induction type office
The tool of portion's temperature measurement provides key parameter for optimization heating process control.The machine generated by monitoring air data probe
The discontinuity of tool signal, the temperature of binding analysis institute probing head, can detecte ice condition.
According to the one aspect of the application, a kind of air data probe is provided, include: multiple heating elements correspond to
Multiple location arrangements of air data probe, plurality of heating element includes at least one load coil；It is with control
System, independently controls the power signal for being applied to heating element, wherein the power signal for being applied to load coil to feel
Heating coil is answered, the corresponding portion of air data probe is inductively heated.
In one embodiment, multiple heating elements include at least one load coil and at least one resistance heating
Element.
In one embodiment, stratie be used to correspond to the first part of air data probe, and feel
Heating coil is answered to be used to correspond to the second part of air data probe.
In one embodiment, the second part of air data probe is the pass that its reading certainty is influenced because of freezing
Key section.
According to further aspect of the application, a kind of Pitot tube is provided, includes: straight-tube portion, including outer tube and interior sky
Gas tube channel；Conical section, has front opening, and the air of the interior air duct formation of the front opening and straight-tube portion is logical
Road communicates；Straight-tube portion induction coil, between outer tube and interior air duct；Conical section induction coil is located at taper
In part；And control system, independently control the first alternating current (AC) signal for being applied to straight-tube portion induction coil and application
In the second alternating current (AC) signal of conical section induction coil, so that straight-tube portion induction coil and conical section induction coil
Inductively heat Pitot tube.
In one embodiment, Pitot tube further comprises: vertical pneumatic tube road feel answers coil, with the straight-tube portion line of induction
Circle connects in parallel or series.
In one embodiment, Pitot tube further comprises: magnetic induction control material, in conical section, wherein
Magnetic induction control material will be concentrated from the magnetic field that the conical section induction coil generates to the front pointed cone of conical section.
In one embodiment, Pitot tube further comprises: insulating materials, in conical section induction coil and conical section
Main body between, and between straight-tube portion induction coil and interior air duct.
In one embodiment, the insulating layer thickness between conical section induction coil inner surface and the main body of conical section
Degree is thicker compared to the insulating layer between another surface of conical section induction coil and the main body of conical section.
In one embodiment, Pitot tube further comprises: axial lead, is used for conical section induction coil and straight sections
Divide induction coil, which is mounted on by the cylindrical space between outer tube and interior air stream deferent.
In one embodiment, Pitot tube further comprises: casting or being molded around straight-tube portion induction coil is molded into
The packing material of type.
In one embodiment, control system, which is at least partially based on, utilizes some or all of line being mounted in Pitot tube
The inductor temperature of circle senses to monitor the temperature of Pitot tube different piece.
In one embodiment, the temperature range threshold value that control system is independently arranged based on each corresponding portion of Pitot tube is come solely
Adjust ac signal on the spot to maintain the temperature of the corresponding portion of Pitot tube.
According to the another aspect of the application, a kind of temprature control method of air data probe, the method packet are provided
It includes: the temperature sensing of at least one heating element progress being at least partially based on by control system to determine the temperature of air data probe
Degree；Signal associated with the parameter of aircraft operation is determined by air data probe；It is at least partially based on by control system
Icing event is detected by the discontinuity of air data probe determining signal and the temperature of heating element sensing；And by
Control system is at least partially based on the icing event that is detected to be independently adjustable the function for being applied at least one heating element
Rate, wherein at least one heating element include at least one load coil.
In one embodiment, this method further includes calibration temperature sensor sensing, and wherein control system is at least partially based on
The temperature reading of auxiliary temperature sensors senses to calibrate temperature sensor.
In one embodiment, which is resistive element, and resistive element is popped one's head in air data
Additional heating is provided.
In one embodiment, control system is at least partially based on the function for reaching threshold temperature and reducing load coil
Rate.
In one embodiment, control system is that corresponding one or more load coils are generated comprising different frequency
One or more ac signals.
In one embodiment, signal associated with the parameter of aircraft operation includes the gross pressure sensed by Pitot tube
Signal, by static port sensing static pressure signal, You Quanwen probes sense total moisture content, by incidence vane sense aircraft
At least one of angle of attack.
In one embodiment, load coil inductively heats the first part of air data probe, and resistance
The second part of heating element heats air data probe.
Detailed description of the invention
The following drawings helps to more fully understand many aspects of present patent application.Component part in attached drawing is not necessarily pressed
Ratio, and focus on and disclosed technical principle is explicitly described.In addition, identical reference number is right in multiple views in figure
In corresponding part.
Fig. 1 is the induction heating air data probe system block diagram example provided according to the various aspects of the application.
Fig. 2A is the partial cross-sectional view for the induction heating Pitot tube drawn according to the various aspects of the application.
Fig. 2 B is the various aspects according to the application to the conical section of Pitot tube and the detailed view of straight-tube portion.
Fig. 2 C is the detailed view that the drainage hole of Pitot tube straight-tube portion is shown according to the various aspects of the application.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view according to the induction heating Pitot tube induction coil of the various aspects of the application.
Fig. 4 is the example flow diagram according to the induction heating air data of the various aspects of the application probe control system.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of air data probe system 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.System 100 includes a sense
Answer power generator 102, one air data probes 104 and airplane avionics system with integrated induction coil 106
108.Arrow in figure between component indicates the direction of signal feeding.These signals can be electric power signal, control signal, machinery
Signal or any combination between them.Avionics system 108 may include aircraft electronic system herein, but not include phase
The induced power generator 102 of pass.Coil 106 can be screw type, individual pen type or cake dish-type.Induced power generator 102 wraps
Include rectifier, inverter, load matching circuit and control and monitoring circuit.For example, it can be by aircraft at 400Hz
Frequency and current/voltage needed for 115/220V alternating current is converted to the induction coil 106 being embedded in probe 104.If empty
Gas data probe 104 has multiple induction coils 106, then induced power generator 102 can independently be each induction coil 106
Frequency appropriate and current/voltage are provided.The frequency of each coil can be in several kHz to several hundred kHz or higher range.?
In some cases, the power supply of each coil 106 may be high current and low-voltage.For the heating of the variation of flight different phase
Demand, induced power generator 102 can also provide accurate feedback control and temperature sensor sensing, adjust the rate of heat addition.It is empty
The mechanical signal that gas data probe 104 generates, such as the stagnation pressure signal that Pitot tube generates, can be transferred to avionics system
108.Induced power generator 102 can carry out one-way or bi-directional communication, latter mode such as Fig. 1 institute with avionics system 108
Show.Avionics system 108 can will include but is not limited to heater switch instruction, heating mode, desired temperature, by air data
The information such as the mechanical quantity that probe 104 measures are supplied to induced power generator 102, to help control heating process.Incude function
The relevant operating conditions such as the probe temperature measured can be returned to avionics system 108 and are monitored by rate generator 102.Simple
One-way communication mode in, the work state information of the probe temperature and induced power generator 102 that measure will not be sent to boat
Empty electronic system 108.In this case, these information are used for induced power generator 102 itself.
No matter any mode is used, and induced power generator 102 can be limited in only reception avionics system 108
In the case where input (for example, the signal of only heating on-off or another group of foregoing signal input), based on setting in advance
The programmed logic of meter and temperature, electricity and the electromagnetic property of probe 104, automatic running.
Every induced power generator 102 can serve one or more air data probes 104.In another embodiment
In, multiple induced power generators 102 can in a distributed manner, center or hybrid mode concurrent working, be multiple and/or multiple types
The probe of type provides required signal.
The aerodynamic design (size and geometry) of the air data probe of induction heating is similar with traditional design.
The connection for installing interface and mechanical signal can be with existing system compatible, consequently facilitating repacking.Additionally increase compared with legacy system
Induced power generator 102 can be designed more compact, and may be mounted in fuselage close to air data probe position
It sets.
Fig. 2A is the diagram of the pitot 200 as the embodiment of the present application.It includes conical section 210, straight-tube portion
220, transition portion 230 and vertical component 240.
Conical section 210 has front opening 211.The male cone (strobilus masculinus) 212a of conical section 210 can be from tip 218 (see figure
2B) transition extends to outer tube 229 in a manner of forming inclination angle.The inner conical surface 212b of conical section 210 can be from tip 218 to cone
212c transition is faced directly in shape part 210.The interior pneumatic duct 228 inside faced directly in 212c and straight-tube portion 220 forms air flue 221.
The air duct 221 extends to the air chamber 231 in transition portion 230, forms the company for being attached to vertical pneumatic circuit 241
Continuous air flue.The vertical pneumatic circuit 241 is ultimately attached to pressure sensor (not shown), which can be boat
A part of empty electronic system 108.Pitot tube 200 can have one or more rows in straight-tube portion 220 or transition portion 230
Water hole 226.Baffle 225 can be set in Pitot tube, prevents ice crystal and water droplet from reaching the air chamber 231 of transition portion 230.At other
In the case of, air duct 221 and pressure at right angle pipeline 241 can be directly connected to, and be sealed with air chamber 231.
The vertical component 240 of Pitot tube can be pressure at right angle pipeline 241, service cable 245 and secondary temperature sensor 233
Connection and connector are provided.The vertical component 240 of Pitot tube 200 can also make probe keep certain distance with airframe, make to bore
Shape part 210 is not influenced by velocity boundary layer.
The demand for heat of 200 different piece of Pitot tube is very different.For example, conical section 210 surface (212a,
212b and 218) on convection transfer rate and ice collect probability (i.e. ice collection coefficient) can exceed that 220 appearance of straight-tube portion
The several orders of magnitude in face 227.This is because stagnant areas (i.e. front opening 211 and point of the conical section 210 at or adjacent to air-flow
End is 218).In addition, the accumulated ice of blocking front opening 211 directly affects the reliability of stagnation pressure force signal.Although in straight-tube portion
220, the surface of transition portion 230 or vertical component 240, which freezes, will increase resistance, but as long as drainage hole 226 does not block, just not
The reliability of signal can be significantly affected.Air duct 221 can melt by heating and evaporate the ice crystal and water droplet of sucking, with
And the water droplet of condensation.Lesser draining bore dia (for example, about 1mm) limits convection current cooling and may be inhaled under normal circumstances
Ice and water droplet amount, therefore, the heat flow density needed in interior air duct 228 may be significantly less than the table of conical section 210
Face (212a, 212b and 218).However, since the total heat conduction area (inside plus outside) of straight-tube portion 220 is than conical section 210
Total heat conduction area it is much bigger, therefore the total working heating power of conical section 210 and straight-tube portion 220 may be close.
Baffle 225 can prevent ice crystal and water and super-cooling waterdrop to be directly entered air chamber 231, thus heat vertical pneumatic circuit 241,
With remaining transition portion 230 and vertical component 240, primarily to prevent because condensation formed water and/or ice caused by block up
Plug.The temperature of entire air chamber 231 and pressure at right angle pipeline 241 in transition portion 230 is preferably maintained at zero degree or more.
As a result, in order to which the different piece more effectively for Pitot tube provides heating, multiple coils can be used.Induction coil
Accessible maximum heat flow density depends on coil and geometry, material, working frequency, the current/voltage of peripheral parts etc.
Factors.Therefore, each coil requires each part for Pitot tube and is specially designed and independent control.For example,
As shown in Figure 2 A, conical section induction coil 215 can be one-turn coil, straight-tube portion coil 223 and pressure at right angle pipeline line
Circle 243 can be the multi-circle spiral flow coil with different the number of turns, pitch and coil diameter.In order to simplify design, in certain feelings
Under condition, straight-tube portion coil 223 and pressure at right angle pipeline coil 243 can be with tandem workings under identical frequency and electric current.
In other cases, it can be used for generating higher heat flow density and faster using Hybrid Heating modular system
Response.For example, required heat flow density be highest conical section 210 can be heated with induction coil, and Pitot tube other
Part can use Resistant heating.Different hybrid systems, which may include, replaces any one or more senses with traditional resistance wire
Answer coil 223 and/or 243.This mode only need to the overall structure to Pitot tube 200 carry out small modification.Likewise, with induction
The conical section 210 of heating function, which designs, can be grafted traditional Pitot tube design.
Pitot tube may be equipped with auxiliary temperature sensors 233.This auxiliary temperature sensors 233 can for thermocouple,
RTD or thermistor, the temperature measured can be used for calibrating and backing up.In some cases, this auxiliary temperature sensors 233 can
To be stratie, while its resistance varies with temperature and changes.In this way, it 233 or air chamber 231 additionally mention
The heating of confession.
Fig. 2 B provides the detailed view of conical section 210.Conical section induction coil 215 can be embedded in cone 210
In main body 214.Coil 215 is advantageous as close to the tip of conical section 210 218.This conical section line of induction
Circle 215 can be one-turn coil, solid copper or twisted wire (Litz wire) or carbon by solid copper, or with insulating coating
Nm-class conducting wire or the coil method of any other suitable induction heating are made.Coil 215 is also possible to the coil for having several circles.
The cross section of conical section induction coil 215 can be rectangular, rectangle, circle or other can optimize inductive loop distribution, thus
Inducting flux is set to focus more on the geometry at 210 tip 218 of conical section.The main body 214 of conical section 210 can be by having height
The conductive inductive material of relative permeability is made, for example, 430 series stainless steel of ferromagnetism.Also it can be used with additional coatings
The material of material constructs.The additional coating material can relative permeability with higher, and be applied to the cone of heat production
The surfaces externally and internally of 210 main body 214 of shape part, or in which one side.
No matter whether conical section induction coil 215 itself has insulating layer, can be in conical section induction coil 215 and cone
Apply additional conical section insulating materials 217 between 210 main body 214 of shape part.This portions of insulating material can be ceramic exhausted
Edge or other materials.Conical section induction coil 215 can be cast or be molded in insulating materials 217.Conical section insulating materials
217 can also be fabricated to the shape of cooperation single-turn or multi-turn coil by way of machining, pacify insulating layer closely
Between conical section induction coil 215 and the main body 214 of conical section.Compared with resistance wire, conical section induction coil
Good heat has not been required between 215 and conical section insulating layer 217 and between conical section insulating layer 217 and main body 214
Contact, because heating is realized in a non contact fashion by electromagnetic induction.Nevertheless, conical section induction coil can be made
Close electromagnetic induction is generated between 215 and main body 214, and remains to prevent conical section induction coil 215 from being heated main body
In the case that 214 receive excessive heat, lesser thickness of insulating layer may be advantageously.
The part conic partial insulative layer 219 of conical section induction coil inner surface and main body 214 is isolated, it can be with insulation
The other parts of layer 217 are using identical material and thickness or an entirety.In some cases, compare coil 215
The other parts of insulating layer 217 in other surfaces (for example, outer surface and/or side) use bigger thickness in 219 parts
It is likely more advantageous.High temperature insulating material, such as ceramic insulation can be used in the insulating layer 219 of this part.Use the original of this structure
Cause is the inner space that inducting flux more concentrates on loop coil (such as conical section induction coil 215).Therefore, conical section
The internal temperature of the main body 214 of (closer to surface 212b and 212c) may be more much higher than the other parts of main body 214.
Magnetic induction control material 216 is mountable behind conical section induction coil 215, makes inductive loop in court
It is more concentrated to the forward direction at tip 218.This magnetic induction control material 216 can be material that is plastic or being machined,
It is arranged close to conical section induction coil 215.
Fig. 2 B and Fig. 2 C illustrate a part of straight-tube portion 220 in detail respectively.Straight-tube portion coil 223 can be spiral
Shape, as shown in Figure 2 A.Straight-tube portion coil 223 is mounted between the interior air duct 228 of straight-tube portion 220 and outer tube 229
Toric space in, be clipped between insulating materials 222 and packing material 224.Inner tube 228 and outer tube 229 are simultaneously by straight-tube portion
223 induction heating of coil.Radial conduction process passes through insulation 222 and packing material 224；Axial conduction process passes through two
In the concentric tube (228 and 229) that conical section 210 is connected.By these conduction processes, inner and outer pipes (228 and 229) are from heat transfer
Angle is coupled.
Straight-tube portion coil 223 can by material identical with conical section induction coil 215 or any other be suitble to incude
The coil method of heating is made.Straight-tube portion coil 223 can have electrical insulation coating, or as the pure of not electric insulation
Copper.
The material and thickness of straight tube insulating materials 222 can be identical as conical section insulating materials (217 and/or 219).At certain
Radial thermally conductive in order to be conducive in a little situations, heating conduction is more preferably and more thin material may be more preferable for straight tube insulating materials 222.
The reason of this embodiment is that the work heat flow density and temperature of air duct 228 are likely lower than to be incuded close to conical section
The heat flow density and temperature of coil 215.
Packing material 224 can cast or be molded compression molding around straight-tube portion coil 223.Packing material 224 can be
Coil provides electric insulation and is mechanically fixed.It can also be used for promoting the heat distribution in straight-tube portion 220.High-termal conductivity can be used
Electrically insulating material.If straight-tube portion coil 223 itself has had enough electrical isolations, nonmagnetic Heat Conduction Material is selected
It may be ideal.This packing material 224 can also protect straight-tube portion coil 223 not influenced by moisture and air, mention
Its high service life.
Fig. 2 C illustrates the details of drainage hole 226.By through-hole, air duct 228, packing material 224 and absolutely are passed through
Air duct 221, is connected to the surrounding air of Pitot tube 200 by edge material 222 and outer tube 229.Double baffles or more baffle systems
System 225 can be formed in air duct 221 to be flowed up and down path (see Fig. 2 C), limits water and ice crystal enters air chamber 231.Draining
Hole 226 may be provided at the upstream of baffle 225.The water of air duct bottom and Pitot tube vertical component bottom collection can pass through row
Water hole discharge.
As shown in figure 3, the lead 301 of conical section induction coil 215 and the lead 302 of straight-tube portion coil 223 can be with
Extend longitudinally through the annular space between air duct 228 and outer tube 229.This two groups of lead (301 and 302) can pass through
Medium temperature soldering/high temperature silver-bearing copper welding or other reliable connection types, are connected to transition portion 230 and/or Pitot tube 200 is vertical
On service cable 245 in part 240.Service cable 245 can be ultimately connected at power generator 102.Service cable 245
It can be twisted wire (Litz wire) or other suitable conducting wires.Two leads (301 and 302) may have magnetic field shielding
(not shown), the magnetic field cancellation itself generated with the magnetic field for preventing their (301 and 302) from generating and coil (215 and 223).
Due to the difference of demand for heat and coil design, conical section induction coil 215 can compared to straight-tube portion coil 223
To be operated in higher working frequency (on the order of magnitude of 100kHz) and operating current (for example, being higher than 50A), straight sections
The working frequency of sub-coil 223 is on the order of magnitude of 1kHz to 10kHz, and operating current is on the 10A order of magnitude.Therefore, tapered portion
Straight-tube portion coil 223 can be greater than by dividing the cross-sectional area of induction coil 215.Other working frequency electric currents and voltage can be according to specific
Job requirement and the design of Pitot tube 200 select.The maximum of conical section induction coil 215 and straight-tube portion coil 223
Heating power can be respectively 100-200W.Similar in the traditional design with resistance wire, total heating power of Pitot tube
It can be 200-500W.
Although connecting shown in Fig. 3 with straight-tube portion coil 223, pressure at right angle pipeline coil 243 can be occurred by induced power
Device 102 independently with other coils from parallel connection of coils and control.Simpler, more compact design may be implemented in series connection.In the application
Another embodiment in, traditional resistance heating coil can be used for heating pressure at right angle pipeline 241, to be formed hybrid-type
System.
Fig. 4 is the example flow diagram according to the induction heating air data of the various aspects of the application probe control system
400.The method described in Fig. 4 and process 400 can be used for including Pitot tube, Pitot-static tube, static pressure hole, full temperature probe
With the various air data probe of angle of attack probe.For better representation function principle, as retouched in Fig. 2 (A, B and C) and Fig. 3
The Pitot tube 200 stated is used as the example of certain implementations.
In box 403, control system can execute the calibration process of temperature sensor sensing.For example, temperature sensor senses
Technology can obtain reference point or calibration constants with calibration process.For this purpose, auxiliary temperature sensors 233 can be placed on skin support
In pipe 200, such as the air chamber 231 of 200 transition portion 230 of Pitot tube.In aircraft start-up course, for example, when aircraft is static or
When on the ground, entire Pitot tube 200 is likely to be at uniform temperature.Temperature locating for auxiliary temperature sensors 233 can be with line
It is identical or essentially identical locating for circle, in this way reference point can be provided for calibration.
In box 406, temperature threshold can be separately provided for the part of each Pitot tube in control system.For example, each
Part can have target temperature or target temperature range (minimum and highest).Conical section 210, straight-tube portion 220 and vertical component effect
Divide 243 temperature control target temperature can be separately provided.Each coil can independently be adjusted heating speed by PID controller
Rate, to cope with the variation of the demand for heat because of caused by the variation of environment temperature, wind speed and cloud layer situation.These environmental factors are flying
Capable different phase all varies widely.Each coil (215,223 and 243) can also be controlled in its independent threshold value temperature
It spends in range, which may include maximum temperature threshold value and minimum temperature threshold.
For Pitot tube 200, maximum temperature threshold value can be according to pipe itself (214,228,229 and 241), magnetic induction intensity control
Prepared material 216, insulating materials (217,219 and 222), coil (215,223 and 243), packing material 224 material properties and its
His points for attention determine.For example, the maximum temperature point in control Pitot tube system is lower than the curie point or insulating materials of material
Maximum operating temperature.Polymer-based material, maximum operating temperature can be at 250 DEG C or less.It insulate for refractory ceramics, highest
Temperature is at 1000 DEG C or more.The curie point of stainless steel 430 is between 650-750 DEG C.More than curie point, magnetic property can occur significantly
Variation.Therefore, from the perspective of control, preferably by system maximum temperature (such as close to the surface 212b and 212c and
The internal air passageway wall temperature of conical section induction coil 215) it is maintained at curie point or less.Come from the angle of energy consumption efficiency
See, coil self-temperature should also be as it is as low as possible, with reduce resistivity and improve induction heating efficiency.Coil temperature can be with induction
The temperature of coil sensing is associated.
The minimum target temperature threshold value of conical section 210, can according to guarantee 218 temperature of tip more than solidification point or
0 DEG C or more of condition determines.Each specific Pitot tube design and the design of conical section induction coil can be tested,
To determine the threshold temperature for 0 DEG C of conical section 210 for corresponding to nose tip 218.Equally, straight-tube portion 220 and vertical
The minimum temperature threshold of part 240 can be frozen based on ensuring that internal air passageway 221 and 227 mean temperature of straight tube outer surface are greater than
Junction temperature is higher than 0 DEG C, and ensures condition of vertical 241 temperature of pneumatic circuit higher than 0 DEG C to determine respectively.
In box 409, after being calibrated according to box 403, control system, which can be monitored, passes through electromagnetism sense by each coil
The temperature for the air data probe different piece that the mode answered obtains.The material property of air data probe, such as resistivity and magnetic
Conductance can be the function of temperature.Therefore, coil with to be heated the electromagnetic property that workpiece (i.e. Pitot tube) combines (such as equivalent
Inductance and impedance, power factor, frequency of oscillation etc.) it varies with temperature and changes.These characteristics and parameter can be tested, survey
Amount, and it is associated with temperature.
The algorithm and implementation of this temperature-sensing system take and may determine in the design of power generator.Example can wrap
The continuous zero cross point of induction coil electric current half-sinusoid is included, and temperature correlation letter is generated according to the interval between these events
Number.This method is suitable for the power generator of fixed frequency.Other examples may include measuring equivalent circuit by oscillator
The system of impedance.The oscillator is by inductive switching at measurable frequency.Another temperature sensor measurement method includes measurement sense
The resonance frequency of system power supply circuit is answered, and establishes the relationship between the value and workpiece temperature.In this way, incorporating induction heating
After system, the induction coil for transmitting heat is used to induction 200 conical section 210 of Pitot tube and straight sections in which can be convenient
Divide the temperature of 220 and other parts.
In block 412, control system can adjust the power of each coil according to measurement temperature and target temperature.Example
Such as, the adjustable voltage of control system, electric current and/or frequency are reached with the part for keeping each coil of Pitot tube to be heated
Target temperature.For example, voltage and or current can be reduced if the temperature detected is higher than the temperature objectives of corresponding portion.
If the temperature detected is lower than temperature objectives, voltage and or current can be increased.
Power can also be adjusted by adjusting frequency, as shown here.Frequency can also according to induction depth, efficiency and
The demand of other Attribute tunings and adjust.The temperature of air data probe should be maintained above freezing, while should also pass through adjusting
It is modulated with heating power and minimizes power consumption.The control system can be controlled using PID (proportional-integral-differential) or other
Feedback control.
The selection of frequency has important influence to the efficiency and cost of induction heating system.Frequency will affect wearing for system
Saturating depth and coupling efficiency.In addition, frequency is higher, the cost and complexity of power supply and modulating system are higher.In order to reduce sound
Between seasonable, hot-spot is avoided, the equably heat production on the thickness direction of Pitot tube shell can be obtained as far as possible.From this angle
Degree, preferably lower frequency.But from another point of view, lower frequency may cause the coupling efficiency between induction coil and workpiece
It reduces.In addition, required effective turn also with frequency reduction and increase.It is thereby possible to select these Considerations it
Between reach the optimum frequency of balance.It is worth noting that, with continuous heated, coil and the Pitot tube metal of air data probe
(including resistivity, magnetic conductivity and thermal conductivity) may great changes will take place for partial material property.Therefore, in order to keep constant
Heating speed or setting surface temperature, can from the basis of design frequency up and down adjustment working frequency to keep best effective
Rate.Some power generators realize similar power control by adjusting supply voltage or electric current.
For Pitot tube 200, required penetration depth is similar to Pitot tube wall thickness, between 0.1-1mm.Therefore, frequency is answered
Selection is at 100 hertz between 10kHz.However, research also indicates that, and since the size of conical section 210 is smaller, conical section sense
Answer the frequency of coil 215 in the order of magnitude of 100kHz.For straight-tube portion coil, required frequency is the order of magnitude of 1-10kHz.
In box 415, control system can determine mechanical signal (for example, by Pitot tube sensing stagnation pressure force signal, by
The total moisture content of the static pressure signal of static port sensing, You Quanwen probes sense) it is whether discontinuous or whether occur discontinuous
Property.For example, if pressure signal reduces (or increase), speed is faster than the threshold velocity that flying condition physically rationally generates,
It is considered that this is discontinuity signal.If measuring temperature decline simultaneously and/or temperature dropping to zero hereinafter, and other ginsengs
Number is normal (for example, the activation of Pitot tube heating opening signal), and control system, which can determine, to be frozen.If detected such
Ice condition, control system enter box 418.Otherwise, control system enters box 409.
In box 418, thermal power is switched to scheduled maximum setting, and air data probe is allowed to reach its maximum
Operating temperature, until the mechanical signal of its measurement is stablized.In some cases, this may relate to allow monitoring temperature be more than
It works normally upper threshold, but monitoring temperature is not allowed to be more than urgent or absolute maximum temperature.Once pressure signal is stablized, or
It no longer shows discontinuity (change rate is in threshold range), control system can enter box 409.Control system can also include
Control is opened and closed manually, can cover above-mentioned be automatically brought into operation.
Temperature sensor sensing circuit and control logic module can be inputted with additional temperature sensor and with aviation electronics system
The various channels I/O of 108 communication of system are integrated in together in induced power generator 102.Induced power generator 102 has and can compile
Journey PID control ability can adjust heating power by modulating and adjusting correction coefficient, be popped one's head in the air data needed for keeping
Temperature and heating efficiency.In addition, 102 compact appearance of induced power generator, light-weight, firm, reliable.It can be designed
At the different voltage input of all kinds of aircrafts can be can adapt to, or use other that can easily be adjusted to reach this
Purpose design.The design for enabling the system to reach the ability worked normally under -40 DEG C of environment temperature also can be used.It can be with
Self-diagnostic function is further used, for preventing short circuit, overload and other failures.
Various functions as described above may be embodied in the software or code executed by common hardware, as an alternative,
It equally also may be embodied in the combination of specialized hardware or software/common hardware and specialized hardware.If be included in specialized hardware,
Then each hardware all can serve as circuit or state machine to realize.The circuit or state machine can be used it is any one or more of
The combination of technology described in present patent application.These technologies may include the discrete logic with logic gate, be used for
Using realization various logic function when one or more data-signals；Applying specific integrated circuit with appropriate logic gate
(ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other assemblies.
Flow chart 400 shows the example for the function and operation that the members are realized.If comprising in software, often
A block can representation module, section or code a part, wherein may include the program instruction for realizing specified logic function.Journey
Sequence instruction can be embodied in the form of source code, source code may include with programming language write can reading statement, also can wrap
Include the digital command identified by execution system appropriate (processor in such as computer system or other systems).Machine code can
To be converted by source code.If each piece can indicate a circuit or multiple interconnection circuits comprising within hardware, referred to realizing
Fixed logic function.
Although flow chart 400 show it is specific execute sequence, but it is understood that, execution sequence may with it is described
Sequence it is different.For example, two or more pieces of execution sequence can be reconfigured relative to the sequence of description.In addition,
Two or more pieces successively executed in the above description can be executed concurrently, partially can also concurrently be executed.In addition, certain
In example, one or more block described in sketch map can be skipped or saved.
In addition, described any logic or application program including software or code may include in any temporary calculating
In machine readable medium, so that the instruction execution systems such as processor in computer system or other systems use.In this meaning
On, logic may include, it may for example comprise the sentence of instruction and statement, these instructions and statement can be from computer-readable Jie
It obtains in matter and is executed by instruction execution system.Computer-readable medium may include any one in many physical mediums,
Such as magnetic medium, optical medium or semiconductor medium.Suitable computer-readable medium includes solid state drive or flash memory.In addition,
Described any logic or application program can realize in many ways and structuring.For example, can will be one or more
Application program is embodied as the module or component of single application program.In addition, described one or more application program can be
Shared or individual calculate executes in equipment or combinations thereof.For example, multiple application programs can be in same calculating equipment
In or execute in multiple calculating equipment.
The various aspects of the application can also be described according to following clause.Content described in following each money can be with
Other provided each moneys or claims are combined.Present application contemplates any combination of claim and clause.
Clause 1 describes a kind of deicing heating means of air data probe, in the method, the sensing of icing phenomenon and
Judgement is the discontinuity by detecting the mechanical signal generated by probe and combines the temperature information obtained according to induction temperature sensing
And other parameters associated with aircraft working condition determine.
Clause 2 describes a kind of air data probe, which includes: that one or more be arranged in needs near heating element
Induction coil；The frequency and voltage and current of the energy each coil of independent control, to make these coils by way of induction heating
The control system of circumference component.
Clause 3, which describes a kind of air data probe, has hybrid-type heating system, which exists
The key area for needing high heat flux density, as at tip inlets or other accumulated ice will affect reading reliability part, arrangement induction
Heating coil.Air data probe other parts are heated by resistance wire or resistive element.
Clause 4 describes a kind of Pitot tube, and the composition of the Pitot tube includes: to be led to by Outer cylindrical pipe and inner cylinder air
The straight-tube portion of road composition；Conical section, which forms forward tip, and is connected with straight-tube portion；It is installed on outer tube
Straight-tube portion induction coil between air duct；Installation and the tapered part induction coil in conical section；It is with control
System, the system must independently control the friendship of the ac signal and supply conical section induction coil of supply straight-tube portion induction coil
Galvanic electricity signal promotes straight-tube portion coil and conical section induction coil inductively to heat Pitot tube.
Clause 5 describes the Pitot tube stated in a kind of clause 4, which also has the magnetic induction inside conical section
Strength control material.This magnetic induction control material can be by the magnetic field forward tip caused by conical section induction coil
Aggregation.
Clause 6 describes any one Pitot tube in clause 4 or 5, has control system in the Pitot tube.This control system
System can be sensed by temperature sensor or at least partly be monitored the temperature of conical section in a manner of temperature sensor sensing, and to incude temperature
Degree sensing or the temperature that straight-tube portion is at least partly monitored in a manner of temperature sensor sensing.
Clause 7 describes any one Pitot tube in clause 4 to 6, has control system in the Pitot tube.This control system
Positive first temperature can be protected in first threshold temperature range by adjusting the first ac signal, and can hand over by adjusting second
Galvanic electricity signal protects positive second temperature in second threshold temperature range.
Clause 8 describes any one Pitot tube in clause 4 to 7, and further comprises auxiliary temperature sensors.Control system
According to or based in part on this auxiliary temperature sensing reading come calibrate the first and second temperature measurement.
Clause 9 describes any one Pitot tube in clause 4 to 8, in the Pitot tube, control system according to or at least partly root
Heating power is improved according to the discontinuity of the mechanical signal identified.The raising of heating power is applied to straight sections by improving
First ac signal of sub-coil and at least one signal is applied in the second ac signal of conical section coil to realize.
Clause 10 describes any one Pitot tube in clause 4 to 9, in the Pitot tube, control system according to or at least partly
Reach threshold value according to some temperature to reduce heating power.The reduction of heating power is applied to straight-tube portion coil by reducing
First ac signal and at least one signal is applied in the second ac signal of conical section coil to realize.
Clause 11 describes any one Pitot tube in clause 4 to 10, and in the Pitot tube, control system generates the first alternating current
Signal has first frequency, and generates the second frequency that the second ac signal has the frequency for being different from first.
Clause 12 describes a kind of Pitot tube heating system of induction type, the composition of the system include: be installed on outer tube and
The first induction coil between inner tube；It is installed on and visits procephalic second induction coil；And control system, the system are independently controlled
Make the ac signal of the first induction coil and the ac signal of the second induction coil, promote first coil and the second coil with
The mode of induction heats air data probe.
Clause 13 describes a kind of Pitot tube heating system of induction type based on clause 12, the control system in the system
The first temperature that monitoring is utilized or at least partly obtained by inductive measuring using the first induction coil, and monitor and utilize or extremely
The second temperature that small part utilizes the second induction coil to obtain by inductive measuring.
Clause 14 describes the Pitot tube heating system of any one induction type in clause 12 to 13, has control in the system
System.This control system can protect positive first temperature in first threshold temperature range by adjusting the first ac signal,
And positive can be protected and a temperature is in second threshold temperature range by adjusting the second ac signal.
Clause 15 describes the Pitot tube heating system of any one induction type in clause 12 to 14, and further comprises auxiliary
Temperature sensor.Control system calibrates first and second according to or based in part on the reading of this auxiliary temperature sensing
Temperature measurement.
Clause 16 describes the Pitot tube heating system of any one induction type in clause 12 to 15, the Pitot tube heating system
In, control system improves heating power according to or based in part on the discontinuity of mechanical signal that is identified.Heat function
The raising of rate, which passes through, to improve in the ac signal for being applied to first coil and the ac signal for being applied to the second coil at least
One signal is realized.
Clause 17 describes the Pitot tube heating system of any one induction type in clause 12 to 16, the Pitot tube of the induction type
In heating system, control system reaches threshold value according to or based in part on some temperature to reduce heating power.Heating power
Reduction the first ac signal of first coil and be applied to the second ac signal of the second coil by reducing to be applied to
In at least one signal realize.
Clause 18 describes the Pitot tube heating system of any one induction type in clause 12 to 17, the Pitot tube of the induction type
In heating system, control system, which generates the first ac signal, has first frequency, and generates the second ac signal with not
It is same as the second frequency of first frequency.
Clause 19 describes a kind of Pitot tube, and the composition of the Pitot tube includes: by Outer cylindrical pipe and inner cylinder air
The straight-tube portion of channel composition；Conical section, which forms forward tip, and is connected with straight-tube portion；It is installed on straight
Heating element in pipe；Installation and the heating element in conical section；And control system, the system must independently control supply straight tube
First power supply signal of part heating element and the second power supply signal of supply conical section heating element, promote straight-tube portion to add
Thermal element and conical section heating element heat air data probe.Wherein, straight-tube portion heating element and tapered portion
Dividing heating element wherein at least one is load coil.
It is emphasized that case study on implementation described above must illustrate present patent application spirit and institute just for the sake of better
State several possible application schemes of principle.It, can be to the above institute on the basis of without departing from present patent application spirit and principle
Case study on implementation progress is stated, many different case study on implementation and its improvement are derived.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of air data probe, includes:
Multiple heating elements, corresponding to multiple location arrangements of air data probe, wherein the multiple heating element packet
Include at least one load coil；With
Control system independently controls the power signal for being applied to the heating element, wherein being applied to the induction heating line
The power signal of circle makes the load coil, inductively heats the corresponding portion of air data probe.
2. air data probe as described in claim 1, wherein the multiple heating element includes that at least one induction adds
Heat coil and at least one stratie.
3. a kind of Pitot tube, includes:
Straight-tube portion, including outer tube and interior air duct；
Conical section, has front opening, and the air of the interior air duct formation of the front opening and the straight-tube portion is logical
Road communicates；
Straight-tube portion induction coil, between the outer tube and the interior air duct；
Conical section induction coil is located in the conical section；With
Control system independently controls the first alternating current (AC) signal for being applied to the straight-tube portion induction coil and is applied to
The second alternating current (AC) signal of the conical section induction coil, so that the straight-tube portion induction coil and the tapered portion
Induction coil is divided inductively to heat the Pitot tube.
4. Pitot tube as described in claim 3, and further include:
Insulating materials, between the conical section induction coil and the main body of the conical section, and in the straight sections
Divide between induction coil and the interior air duct.
5. Pitot tube as described in claim 4, wherein in the conical section induction coil inner surface and the tapered portion
The thickness of insulating layer between main body divided, compared in another surface of the conical section induction coil and the conical section
Main body between insulating layer it is thicker.
6. Pitot tube as described in claim 3, and further include:
Axial lead is mounted on for the conical section induction coil and the straight-tube portion induction coil, the axial lead
By in the cylindrical space between outer tube and interior air stream deferent.
7. Pitot tube as described in claim 3, wherein the control system, which is at least partially based on to utilize, is mounted on the skin
The inductor temperature of some or all of coil in trustship senses to monitor the temperature of the Pitot tube different piece.
8. a kind of temprature control method of air data probe, the method include:
The temperature sensing of at least one heating element progress is at least partially based on by control system to determine that the air data is visited
The temperature of head；
It is popped one's head in by the air data to determine signal associated with the parameter of aircraft operation；
By the control system be at least partially based on by the determining signal of air data probe discontinuity and
The temperature of heating element sensing detects icing event；And
The icing event that is detected is at least partially based on by the control system come be independently adjustable be applied to it is described extremely
The power of a few heating element,
Wherein at least one heating element includes at least one load coil.
9. method as described in claim 8, and further include:
Temperature sensor sensing is calibrated, wherein the temperature reading that the control system is at least partially based on auxiliary temperature sensors comes school
The quasi- temperature sensor sensing.
10. method as described in claim 8, wherein signal associated with the parameter of the aircraft operation include by
Pitot tube sensing stagnation pressure force signal, by static port sensing static pressure signal, You Quanwen probes sense total moisture content, by attacking
At least one of the aircraft angle of attack of angle transducer sensing.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910108204.XA CN109683642A (en) | 2019-02-03 | 2019-02-03 | Air data probe and its temprature control method with induction heating |
| PCT/CN2019/074689 WO2020155175A1 (en) | 2019-02-03 | 2019-02-03 | Induction heating for pitot tubes and other aircraft air data probes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910108204.XA CN109683642A (en) | 2019-02-03 | 2019-02-03 | Air data probe and its temprature control method with induction heating |
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| CN110031785A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-19 | 江苏麦格迈医学科技有限公司 | A kind of portable probe of temperature-changeable for magnetic resonance detection |
| CN110927402A (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-03-27 | 深圳飞马机器人科技有限公司 | Novel unmanned aerial vehicle airspeed meter subassembly and unmanned aerial vehicle |
| EP3739411A1 (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-11-18 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Pitot heater health monitoring system |
| CN112649621A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-13 | 上海峰飞航空科技有限公司 | Integrated heating airspeed head and unmanned aerial vehicle comprising same |
| EP3819642A1 (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2021-05-12 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Inductive heating of air data probes |
| CN114487101A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-13 | 中国民航大学 | Freezing point detection and ice accumulation early warning method and device, storage medium and computer equipment |
| US11745879B2 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2023-09-05 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Thin film heater configuration for air data probe |
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