CN109683193B - Active detection method for poor geologic body in front of double-hole tunnel construction - Google Patents
Active detection method for poor geologic body in front of double-hole tunnel construction Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel survey, and particularly relates to an active detection method for a bad geologic body in front of double-hole tunnel construction. On one hand, the method detects the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel by utilizing the advanced footage of the first tunnel and the excitation signal formed when the blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel are detonated, so that the construction progress is not delayed; on the other hand, a speed field can be formed in a front detection area of the second tunnel according to the linear distance from the excited blasthole to the sensor and the initial and arrival time, and the change of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the front geologic body can be reflected according to the speed field, so that the spatial position and the geometric form of the distribution of the bad geologic body can be rapidly judged, an accurate tunnel face advance geological forecast result is provided, the method is rapid, and convenience is brought to construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel survey, and particularly relates to an active detection method for a bad geologic body in front of double-hole tunnel construction.
Background
Tunnel engineering, tunnel design and engineering geological survey before construction, although the geological conditions of tunnels are predicted and forecasted to a certain extent, due to the complexity of rock masses, survey data and the actual conditions of tunnels after excavation may come in and go out greatly. A large number of tunnel projects exist in the fields of water conservancy, hydropower and traffic in China, geological disasters are key factors for restricting tunnel construction, construction is very blindly caused by the fact that geological conditions in front of a tunnel face are not clear and investigation data cannot completely and accurately reflect geological conditions in front of the construction face, and therefore unforeseen geological disasters such as water inrush, mud inrush, collapse, rock burst, harmful gas and the like often occur, once the disasters occur, machines and tools are flushed to submerge the tunnel and normal construction is forced to be interrupted; serious casualties are caused, huge economic losses are caused, and even some underground projects are forced to be stopped or changed, which often becomes the most main factor restricting the tunnel construction. Therefore, the investigation of the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel is an essential important link in the tunnel construction process.
When the tunnel is excavated, a series of detection equipment and measures are needed for detecting and forecasting the poor geologic body in front, but the construction progress is greatly slowed down. For a double-hole tunnel, if the detection and forecast are carried out hole by hole, the large influence is caused to the site construction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an active detection method for a front poor geologic body in double-hole tunnel construction, which is used for realizing accurate detection of the front poor geologic body on the basis of normal construction so as to reduce the influence on the construction progress.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
an active detection method for a bad geological body in front of double-hole tunnel construction is suitable for a double-hole tunnel with a footage difference value, and comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a plurality of sensors on a side wall of a first tunnel close to a second tunnel, wherein the excavation length of the first tunnel is greater than that of the second tunnel;
s2: arranging a plurality of blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel from bottom to top;
s3: detonating blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel according to groups to form an excitation signal, sequentially recording detonation time, and forming an initial excitation time matrix T1 after all blastholes in each group are detonated; a sensor on the first tunnel simultaneously receives the excitation signal when each group of blastholes is detonated, records the excitation time when each group of blastholes is detected, and forms a time-of-arrival matrix T2, wherein the time-of-arrival matrix T2 and the excitation time matrix T1 are required to have consistent dimensions; the arrival time matrix T2 and the excitation time matrix T1 are subjected to difference to form a arrival time difference matrix T; determining the distance between each sensor and the blasthole to form a distance matrix D; dividing the matrix T by the matrix D to obtain a velocity matrix V of the sensor corresponding to each blasthole;
s4: discretizing the spatial area grids between the blastholes and the sensors, and assigning the spatial grids according to the velocity matrix V to enable each spatial grid to have an average velocity value;
s5: and making a speed field cloud picture according to the average speed value of each space grid, and acquiring a detection result of the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel according to the speed field cloud picture.
Further, arranging a plurality of sensors on the side wall of the first tunnel close to the second tunnel comprises:
arranging a row of first sensors at a distance of D1 meters from the bottom of the first tunnel, arranging a row of second sensors at a distance of D2 meters from the bottom of the first tunnel, wherein the arrangement of the first sensors and the second sensors are in one-to-one correspondence, and the second sensors are positioned right above the corresponding first sensors.
Further, the number of the first sensors and the number of the second sensors are both 8-12.
Further, D2 ═ 2D1, D2 ═ 0.7-0.9) L, which is the vertical distance from the tunnel floor to the arch camber.
Further, the arranging of the plurality of blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel from bottom to top includes:
arranging the cut holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel, wherein the cut holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are arranged in a straight-hole cut mode, and the number of the cut holes and the number of the empty holes comply with the following regulations: when the depth of the blast hole is less than 3.0 meters, a hollow hole is adopted; when the depth of the blast hole is between 3.0 and 3.5 meters, two empty holes are adopted; when the depth of the blast hole is between 3.0 and 5.15 meters, three empty holes are adopted.
Preferably, the diameter of the undercut hole and the auxiliary hole is 50-100mm, the distance between the undercut hole and the auxiliary hole is 2-4 times of the diameter of the undercut hole, the charge length of the undercut hole and the auxiliary hole is 70-90% of the full hole depth, and the maximum gap between the charge distance in the undercut hole and the auxiliary hole and the hole wall is 10-15% of the diameter of the blast hole;
the diameter of the peripheral holes is 40-50mm, the distance between blast holes of the peripheral holes is 10-18 times of the diameter of the peripheral holes, the depth of the peripheral holes is 1.0-3.5m, the diameter of a cartridge of the peripheral holes is 20-25m, the charging length of the peripheral holes is 70% -90% of the length of the whole holes, and the gap between the charging distance in the peripheral holes and the hole wall is 10% -15% of the diameter of the blast holes.
Further, the number of blastholes is determined according to the following formula:
N＝QS/αγ
wherein N is the number of blastholes, Q is the explosive consumption of unit volume, S is the area of an excavated section, α is the explosive loading coefficient, and gamma is the explosive weight of each meter of cartridge.
Further, the assigning the spatial grids according to the velocity matrix V to make each spatial grid have an average velocity value includes:
respectively connecting each shot point with all sensors, assigning a spatial grid passed by the connecting line as an average speed corresponding to the shot point, wherein the average speed is obtained by dividing the distance from the sensors to the shot hole by the corresponding arrival time, and the spatial grid passed by the connecting line is assigned according to the following principle:
1) for the spatial grid with repeated assignment more than 4 times, and the error of the difference value of the assignments of the spatial grid relative to the maximum value of the assignments is less than 5%, the assignments of the spatial grid take the maximum value and are called as a known grid;
2) for the spatial grid with repeated assignment not reaching more than 4 times, the spatial grid is called as an unknown grid, and the assignment of the unknown grid is determined according to the following formula:
v？＝p1v1+p2v2+p3v3+…；
wherein:
in the above formula: v！Is the average velocity value of the unknown mesh; p is a radical ofiWeights determined by probabilistic correlation between grids;
the distance between the unknown grid and the known grid is the q power, and q is more than or equal to 2.
Further, the obtaining of the detection result of the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel according to the speed field cloud chart comprises:
the spatial region with the higher wave speed in the speed field cloud picture indicates that the integrity of the rock in the region is better, the spatial region with the lower wave speed in the speed field cloud picture indicates that a weak interlayer possibly exists in front of the footage, and the position and the general distribution range of the bad geologic body can be judged according to the spatial region with the lower wave speed in the speed field cloud picture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the active detection method for the bad geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction, on one hand, the bad geologic body in front of the second tunnel is detected by utilizing the advanced footage of the first tunnel and the excitation signal formed when the blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel are detonated, so that the construction progress is not delayed; on the other hand, a speed field can be formed in a front detection area of the second tunnel according to the linear distance from the excited blasthole to the sensor, the initial time and the arrival time, and the change of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the front geologic body can be reflected according to the speed field, so that the spatial position and the geometric form of the distribution of the bad geologic body can be rapidly judged, an accurate tunnel face advance geological forecast result is provided, the method is rapid, and convenience is brought to construction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an active detection method for a poor geologic body in front of a double-hole tunnel construction in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of two tunnels and the arrangement of sensors in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of a first tunnel sidewall sensor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of all the connections between the excitation shot and all the sensors;
fig. 5 is a diagram of the detection effect obtained by the active detection method for the poor geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The active detection method for the poor geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction is suitable for the double-hole tunnel with the footage difference value, so that the spatial position and the range of the distribution of the poor geologic body can be accurately determined, and the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face can be early warned to guide the construction.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an active detection method for a poor geologic body in front of a double-hole tunnel construction in an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 1, the method includes:
s1: arranging a plurality of sensors on the side wall of the first tunnel close to the second tunnel, wherein the excavation footage of the first tunnel is larger than that of the second tunnel;
s2: arranging a plurality of blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel from bottom to top;
s3: detonating blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel according to groups to form an excitation signal, sequentially recording detonation time, and forming an initial excitation time matrix T1 after all blastholes in each group are detonated; a sensor on the first tunnel simultaneously receives the excitation signal when each group of blastholes is detonated, records the excitation time when each group of blastholes is detected, and forms a time-of-arrival matrix T2, wherein the time-of-arrival matrix T2 and the excitation time matrix T1 have the same dimensionality; the arrival time matrix T2 and the excitation time matrix T1 are subjected to difference to form a arrival time difference matrix T; determining the distance between each sensor and the blasthole to form a distance matrix D; dividing the matrix T by the matrix D to obtain a velocity matrix V of the sensor corresponding to each blasthole;
s4: discretizing the spatial area grids between the blastholes and the sensors, and assigning the spatial grids according to the velocity matrix V to enable each spatial grid to have an average velocity value;
s5: and according to the average speed value of each space grid, making a speed field cloud picture, and acquiring a detection result of the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel according to the speed field cloud picture.
According to the active detection method for the poor geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction, provided by the embodiment of the invention, on one hand, the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel is detected by utilizing the advanced footage of the first tunnel and the excitation signal formed when the blast hole on the tunnel face of the second tunnel is detonated, so that the construction progress is not delayed; on the other hand, a speed field can be formed in a front detection area of the second tunnel according to the linear distance from the excited blasthole to the sensor, the initial time and the arrival time, and the change of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the front geologic body can be reflected according to the speed field, so that the spatial position and the geometric form of the distribution of the bad geologic body can be rapidly judged, an accurate tunnel face advance geological forecast result is provided, the method is rapid, and convenience is brought to construction.
S1 of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of relative positions of tunnel portals and an arrangement of sensors in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a side view of an arrangement of sensors in an embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to fig. 2 and fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a row of first sensors 1 is arranged at a distance D1 meters from a bottom of a first tunnel, a row of second sensors 2 is arranged at a distance D2 meters from the bottom of the first tunnel, the arrangements of the first sensors 1 and the second sensors 2 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the second sensors 2 are located right above the corresponding first sensors 1. Therefore, the sensors arranged in the first tunnel can receive the transmitted wave signals from the shot points at different positions on the tunnel face of the second tunnel, and after the shot points of the second tunnel are excited, all the sensors on the side wall of the first tunnel receive the transmitted wave signals at the same time until all the shot points are completely excited.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of the sensors in each row may be 8 to 12, and the distance between two adjacent sensors in each row of sensors is about 0.5m, as shown in fig. 3, the sensor closest to the tunnel face of the second tunnel is spaced from the tunnel face of the second tunnel by 0.6 m, D2 is 2D1, D2 is (0.7 to 0.9) L (preferably 0.8L), and L is the vertical distance from the tunnel ground to the arch camber, which can greatly provide the accuracy of acquiring the poor geologic body in front of the tunnel face.
S2 of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
in the embodiment of the invention, the arrangement of the blast holes comprises the cut holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes, the cut holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are arranged in a straight-hole cutting mode, and the number of the cut holes and the number of the empty holes obey the following regulations: when the depth of the blast hole is less than 3.0 meters, a hollow hole is adopted; when the depth of the blast hole is between 3.0 and 3.5 meters, two empty holes are adopted; when the depth of the blast hole is between 3.0 and 5.15 meters, three empty holes are adopted.
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention, the diameters of the undercutting hole and the auxiliary hole can be 50-100mm, the distance between the undercutting hole and the auxiliary hole can be 2-4 times of the diameter of the undercutting hole, the charge length of the undercutting hole and the auxiliary hole can be 70-90% of the full hole depth, and the maximum gap between the explosive distance in the undercutting hole and the auxiliary hole and the hole wall can be 10-15% of the diameter of the blast hole; the diameter of the peripheral holes can be between 40 and 50mm, the distance between blast holes of the peripheral holes can be 10 to 18 times of the diameter of the peripheral holes, the depth of the peripheral holes can be between 1.0 and 3.5m, the diameter of a cartridge of the peripheral holes can be between 20 and 25m, the charging length of the peripheral holes can be 70 to 90 percent of the length of the whole holes, and the gap between the charging distance in the peripheral holes and the hole wall is 10 to 15 percent of the diameter of the blast holes.
In the embodiment of the invention, the number of blastholes is determined according to the following formula:
N＝QS/αγ
wherein N is the number of blastholes, Q is the explosive consumption of unit volume, S is the area of an excavated section, α is the explosive loading coefficient, and gamma is the explosive weight of each meter of cartridge.
S3 of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
in the embodiment of the present invention, blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel may be sequentially detonated in a ring shape from inside to outside, or sequentially detonated in a row from bottom to top, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
S4 of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
the resulting discretized spatial region will have a plurality of grids sized 1/1000 in the footage of the wave propagation region; 1/500, the width and height of the tunnel face are all initially assigned to 0, then all connecting lines between the excitation shot and all sensors are made (as shown in fig. 4), each grid through which the connecting lines pass is assigned to the average velocity value from the excitation shot to all sensors, the average velocity is obtained by dividing the distance from the sensors to the shot by the corresponding arrival time, and the assignment of the spatial grids through which the connecting lines pass follows the following principle according to the inverse ratio of the spatial statistical distance to the power:
1) for the spatial grid with repeated assignment more than 4 times, and the error of the difference value of the assignments of the spatial grid relative to the maximum value of the assignments is less than 5%, the assignments of the spatial grid take the maximum value and are called as a known grid;
2) for a spatial grid with repeated assignment not reaching more than 4 times, called unknown grid, or a grid determined by probability correlation, the assignment of the grid is determined according to the following formula:
v？＝p1v1+p2v2+p3v3+…；
wherein:
in the above formula: v？A velocity value for the unknown mesh; p is a radical ofiWeights determined by probabilistic correlation between grids;
Determining a probabilistic correlation between said gridsThe weight of (d) means: a weight coefficient determined by the inverse of the distance power. For example, if there are three known grid velocity values on a plane and 1 unknown grid velocity value is to be estimated, and q is equal to 2, the three weights determined thereby are p1, p2, and p3, and the calculation method is:
two more weights are available for the same reason.
And q is the power of the distance and is used as a constant parameter to appear in the formula.
S5 of the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
the spatial region with the higher wave speed in the speed field cloud picture indicates that the integrity of the rock in the region is better, the spatial region with the lower wave speed in the speed field cloud picture indicates that a weak interlayer may exist in front of the footage, the position and the general distribution range of the bad geologic body can be judged according to the spatial region with the lower wave speed in the speed field cloud picture, and a shadow in the speed field cloud picture as shown in fig. 5 indicates that a corresponding dead zone or other bad geologic bodies may exist.
The following embodiments are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the technical features of the present invention can be modified or changed in some ways without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An active detection method for a poor geologic body in front of double-hole tunnel construction is suitable for a double-hole tunnel with a footage difference value, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: arranging a plurality of sensors on a side wall of a first tunnel close to a second tunnel, wherein the excavation length of the first tunnel is greater than that of the second tunnel;
s2: arranging a plurality of blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel from bottom to top;
s3: detonating blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel according to groups to form an excitation signal, sequentially recording detonation time, and forming an initial excitation time matrix T1 after all blastholes in each group are detonated; a sensor on the first tunnel simultaneously receives the excitation signal when each group of blastholes is detonated, records the excitation time when each group of blastholes is detected, and forms a time-of-arrival matrix T2, wherein the time-of-arrival matrix T2 and the excitation time matrix T1 are required to have consistent dimensions; the arrival time matrix T2 and the excitation time matrix T1 are subjected to difference to form a arrival time difference matrix T; determining the distance between each sensor and the blasthole to form a distance matrix D; dividing the matrix T by the matrix D to obtain a velocity matrix V of the sensor corresponding to each blasthole;
s4: discretizing the spatial area grids between the blastholes and the sensors, and assigning the spatial grids according to the velocity matrix V to enable each spatial grid to have an average velocity value;
s5: and making a speed field cloud picture according to the average speed value of each space grid, and acquiring a detection result of the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel according to the speed field cloud picture.
2. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the double-tunnel construction of claim 1, wherein the disposing of the plurality of sensors on the side wall of the first tunnel adjacent to the second tunnel comprises:
arranging a row of first sensors at a distance of D1 meters from the bottom of the first tunnel, arranging a row of second sensors at a distance of D2 meters from the bottom of the first tunnel, wherein the arrangement of the first sensors and the second sensors are in one-to-one correspondence, and the second sensors are positioned right above the corresponding first sensors.
3. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction of claim 2, wherein the number of the first sensors and the second sensors is 8-12.
4. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction of claim 2, wherein D2-2D 1 and D2-0.7-0.9L is the vertical distance from the tunnel ground to the arching.
5. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction of claim 1, wherein the arranging of the plurality of blastholes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel from bottom to top comprises:
arranging the cut holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes on the tunnel face of the second tunnel, wherein the cut holes, the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes are arranged in a straight-hole cut mode, and the number of the cut holes and the number of the empty holes comply with the following regulations: when the depth of the blast hole is less than 3.0 meters, a hollow hole is adopted; when the depth of the blast hole is between 3.0 and 3.5 meters, two empty holes are adopted; when the depth of the blast hole is between 3.0 and 5.15 meters, three empty holes are adopted.
6. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the construction of the double-hole tunnel of claim 5, characterized in that the diameter of the said cut hole and the said auxiliary hole is between 50-100mm, the distance between the said cut hole and the said auxiliary hole is 2-4 times of the diameter, the charging length of the said cut hole and the said auxiliary hole is 70% -90% of the full hole depth, the maximum gap between the said cut hole and the said auxiliary hole and the hole wall is 10% -15% of the diameter of the blast hole;
the diameter of the peripheral holes is 40-50mm, the distance between blast holes of the peripheral holes is 10-18 times of the diameter of the peripheral holes, the depth of the peripheral holes is 1.0-3.5m, the diameter of a cartridge of the peripheral holes is 20-25m, the charging length of the peripheral holes is 70% -90% of the length of the whole holes, and the gap between the charging distance in the peripheral holes and the hole wall is 10% -15% of the diameter of the blast holes.
7. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of blastholes is determined according to the following formula:
N＝QS/αγ
wherein N is the number of blastholes, Q is the explosive consumption of unit volume, S is the area of an excavated section, α is the explosive loading coefficient, and gamma is the explosive weight of each meter of cartridge.
8. The active detection method for the unfavorable geologic body in front of the double-hole tunnel construction of claim 1, wherein the assigning the spatial grids according to the velocity matrix V so that each spatial grid has an average velocity value comprises:
respectively connecting each shot point with all sensors, assigning a spatial grid passed by the connecting line as an average speed corresponding to the shot point, wherein the average speed is obtained by dividing the distance from the sensors to the shot hole by the corresponding arrival time, and the spatial grid passed by the connecting line is assigned according to the following principle:
1) for the spatial grid with repeated assignment more than 4 times, and the error of the difference value of the assignments of the spatial grid relative to the maximum value of the assignments is less than 5%, the assignments of the spatial grid take the maximum value and are called as a known grid;
2) for the spatial grid with repeated assignment not reaching more than 4 times, the spatial grid is called as an unknown grid, and the assignment of the unknown grid is determined according to the following formula:
v？＝p1v1+p2v2+p3v3+…；
wherein:
in the above formula: v?Is the average velocity value of the unknown mesh; p is a radical ofiWeights determined by probabilistic correlation between grids;
the distance between the unknown grid and the known grid is the q power, and q is more than or equal to 2.
9. The active detection method for the poor geologic body in front of the double-tunnel construction as claimed in claim 8, wherein said obtaining the detection result of the poor geologic body in front of the second tunnel according to the speed field cloud chart comprises:
the spatial region with the higher wave speed in the speed field cloud picture indicates that the integrity of the rock in the region is better, the spatial region with the lower wave speed in the speed field cloud picture indicates that a weak interlayer possibly exists in front of the footage, and the position and the general distribution range of the bad geologic body can be judged according to the spatial region with the lower wave speed in the speed field cloud picture.
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| JP5587960B2 (en) * | 2012-01-25 | 2014-09-10 | 株式会社安藤・間 | Tunnel elastic wave exploration method and tunnel elastic wave exploration system used therefor |
| JP6646983B2 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2020-02-14 | 前田建設工業株式会社 | Method for exploring the front of the face |
| CN108415066B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2020-03-24 | 北方工业大学 | Tunnel construction geological disaster forecasting method |
| CN108490485B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2024-04-05 | 成都理工大学 | Double-track tunnel microseismic monitoring system and positioning accuracy assessment method thereof |
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