CN109682739A - A kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682739A CN109682739A CN201910098241.7A CN201910098241A CN109682739A CN 109682739 A CN109682739 A CN 109682739A CN 201910098241 A CN201910098241 A CN 201910098241A CN 109682739 A CN109682739 A CN 109682739A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measuring methods.Device includes: inlet tank；Discharge casing；The tube body of accumbency, the both ends of the tube body are respectively provided with a seal cover board, and one of seal cover board is connected by water inlet pipe with inlet tank, another seal cover board connects the drainpipe for draining to discharge casing；Wherein, along the longitudinal section direction of tube body, the tube body is made of the first half tube bodies and the second half tube body docking, and the side that the first half tube body and the second pipe halfbody connect is hinged, and the other side is detachably connected, and the inboard wall of tube body is covered with rubber membrane.The invention also discloses the methods tested using above-mentioned apparatus straw infiltration coefficient.The present invention solves the problems, such as that existing permeameter is not capable of measuring straw, improves test accuracy, reduces the time of permeability test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to osmotic coefficient investigating device more particularly to a kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measurements
Method.
Background technique
Straw is applied to vacuum preloading field as recycling resource at present, has obtained considerable effect.But it is right
It is also insufficient to the analysis that discharging consolidation is quantitative in straw, especially quantitative parameter-infiltration coefficient crucial in discharging consolidation
Research.
Due to the particularity of hole in plant straw fibers, the saturation of straw is such as used in conventional soil sample permeability test
Saturation process, be extremely difficult to test required saturation degree, while test period is too long, while using soil sample infiltration coefficient
Measuring device is also difficult to the infiltration coefficient of Accurate Determining straw.So needing a kind of method or apparatus that can accurately both measure
The infiltration coefficient of straw can improve accuracy again and reduce test period, these are that existing permeameter is not accomplished.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the problems of the prior art are directed to, the present invention provides a kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating dresses
It sets, the used time is few, and accuracy is high, and it is a further object of the present invention to provide surveyed using above-mentioned apparatus to straw infiltration coefficient
Fixed method.
Technical solution: straw osmotic coefficient investigating device of the present invention, comprising:
Inlet tank；
Discharge casing；
The tube body of accumbency, the both ends of the tube body are respectively provided with a seal cover board, and one of seal cover board passes through water inlet
Pipe is connected with inlet tank, another seal cover board connects the drainpipe for draining to discharge casing；
Wherein, along the longitudinal section direction of tube body, the tube body is made of the first half tube bodies and the second half tube body docking, described
The side that the first half tube body and the second pipe halfbodies connect is hinged, and the other side is detachably connected, and the inboard wall of tube body is covered with rubber membrane.
The end that the rubber membrane extends tube body is mutually fixed after turning down with tube body end outer wall.
The end sleeve of the tube body is equipped with the clip for fixing rubber membrane.
The first half tube body and the second half tube bodies are symmetrical.
The tube body is cylindrical or square tube type.
The side that the first half tube body and the second pipe halfbody connect is hinged by hinge, and the other side is bolted.
The inlet tank is equipped with gap, and the position of gap is higher than the connecting position of water inlet pipe and inlet tank.
Sealing element is equipped at the docking of the first half tube body and the second pipe halfbody.The sealing element can be the rubber
Film, the rubber membrane are planar, as rubber membrane is laid in two halves tube body by rectangle, rectangular in use, opening tube body
On wall, rubber membrane should have more the length of two halves tube body wall thickness respectively, i.e. rubber membrane has two sides to extend detachable with two halves tube body
Docking at be bonded, when two halves tube body is closed, clamp rubber membrane, play sealing function.
The connecting part of water inlet pipe and seal cover board, the connecting part with drainpipe and seal cover board, the two height is identical,
I.e. the water inlet of tube body is identical with discharge outlet position height, is convenient for calculation permeability coefficient.
The straw osmotic coefficient investigating device further include to load straw tube body be saturated it is true
Empty saturation device.Vacuum saturation device can use the existing device in market.
The present invention also provides a kind of measuring methods of straw infiltration coefficient, comprising:
Utilize the straw osmotic coefficient investigating device；
From detachable side, the first half tube bodies and the second half tube bodies are opened, so that rubber membrane is bonded inboard wall of tube body, by plant straw
Stalk is neatly put into the first half tube bodies and the second semicanal body and compresses, and then fixes the first half tube bodies and the second half tube body docking；
The straw being exposed at outside tube body is cut off, tube body is placed in progress vacuum saturation in vacuum saturation device；Saturation
The both ends of seal cover board and tube body are connected after the completion, then outlet pipe is connected into seal cover board, water inlet pipe connection is filled into water
Inlet tank and seal cover board record the water Q of drainpipe discharge after the t time；
According to formula (1) calculation permeability coefficient k；
In formula (1), A is tube body cross-sectional area, unit cm2, L is tube length, and unit cm, t are time, unit
For s；Q is the water of drainpipe discharge after the t time, unit cm3；H is difference in height of the inlet tank liquid level to drainpipe import, single
Position is cm.Drainpipe import, that is, drainpipe and seal cover board joining part.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, due to the particularity of straw structure, the permeameter of infiltration coefficient is measured in the prior art in sampling, and
Cannot be by straw full of in the sampler of existing permeameter, straw and existing sampler contact site can exist greatly
Metering-orifice gap will form boundary effect when measuring infiltration coefficient, and water is flowed out from boundary mostly, influence test accuracy；This hair
Bright device passes through in stalk and sampler -- and rubber membrane is set between tube body, is made while straw extrusion, the deformation of rubber membrane
Can sufficiently fill up the hole that stalk is formed in side wall, prevent during permeability test carries out water along inboard wall of tube body flow out can
Can, it flows into water uniformly, flow out permeability apparatus, evaded influence of the boundary effect to test result accuracy, improve result
Accuracy.
2, the end of rubber membrane turns up (fold) and is fixed on tube body end, on the one hand strengthens half tube body (the first semicanal
Body and the second half tube bodies) fitting, prevent the rubber membrane on the other hand to turn up from latasuture leak to can be used as sealing ring, will seal
Device air-tightness enhances when cover board is bonded tube body, reduces device and is not bonded test error caused by leak.
3, existing permeameter is mostly head saturation for the soil body, and since soil body inner pore size distribution is uniform, water is in the soil body
In can uniformly flow and reach soil body saturation, and for straw, except inside stalk there are in addition to hole, between stalk and stalk
There can be the hole being greater than inside stalk, when head hydraulic pressure enters stalk sample, water is easier to flow out from macrovoid between stalk, water
It is not easily accessible stalk inner pore, head is formed and is saturated illusion；Stalk is saturated by inventive sampling device --- tube body with vacuum
Water is flowed into stalk inner pore by external force, so that stalk is formed really stable saturation state, consider stalk itself hole by method
The collective effect of hole between stalk, stalk is by hole between itself hole and stalk in stalk for the effect of drainage when test
Collective effect generates, and existing permeameter technology can only measure the infiltration coefficient of hole between stalk and ignore stalk itself hole pair
The influence of infiltration coefficient, so that the infiltration coefficient that apparatus of the present invention determine more meets reality, data are more accurate, while vacuum
Saturation can be reduced the time with head saturation, shorten test period.Present invention improves existing permeameters to be saturated stalk
These problems insufficient and with duration.
4, existing permeameter sampler can not directly be cut when filling stalk as soil sampling or place Min layers are real, sample preparation
Aspect has difficulties；The device of the invention openable half tube body before filling sample, stalk can be layered on two halves tube body at this time, wait be paved with
It is compacted to stalk progress by half tube body of closure after required stalk quantity, reach the test density of test requirements document, for having more half
The stalk of tube length can reach intact sample with chopper along half tube body edge deletion.
5, straw osmotic coefficient investigating device of the invention can accurately and effectively measure the infiltration coefficient of straw,
It carries out more accurately for the research from now on to straw quantitatively, to give full play to straw recycle value；Of the invention
Tube body production is light, and hinged place is rotatable, is sealed again by bolt after installing straw sample, sample preparation is convenient and simple.
Transparent water inlet simultaneously, drainage system can accurately know change of water level and displacement variation the moment.Solves existing permeameter
The problem of not being capable of measuring straw simplifies permeameter data method for recording, reduces the time of permeability test.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the main view of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the main view of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device middle tube body of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the rearview of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device middle tube body of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the left view of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device middle tube body of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device middle tube body closed state of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the sectional view of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device middle tube body opening-wide state of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to various equivalences of the invention
The modification of form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, straw osmotic coefficient investigating device of the invention, whole device are in backing plate 1
On, including tube body 5, inlet tank 12, discharge casing 2.
Tube body 5 is stereoplasm tube, is unlikely to deform, to provide enough supporting roles, plastic conduit such as can be used, tube body can
It is transparent, in order to situation in observation tube body.On the one hand 5 accumbency of tube body, accumbency facilitate fixation, fixed device is simple, on the other hand
Convenient for unified water inlet and water outlet head height, when calculation permeability coefficient, is more convenient.Tube body 5 is installed on pipe body support 9,
Tube body long 20cm, internal diameter 20cm, wall thickness 1cm.Such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, tube body 1 is cylindrical, along the longitudinal section direction of tube body, pipe
Body 5 is made of the first half tube bodies 501 and the second half docking of tube body 502, and the tube body being made of two halves tube body is compared to integral type
Tube has the advantage that firstly, when integral type tube is for dress stalk sample, and sample cannot be reached to the density of design
It is required that and two halves formula tube body has compacted effect to stalk when closing up, reach the percent consolidation of design requirement；Secondly, integral type circle
When after filling a part of stalk if you need to continue growing stalk, stalk is not easy to be directly placed into tube body, need to take out after existing stalk simultaneously
It is put into, the present invention can arbitrarily dismantle dress sample in these cases.The first half tube bodies 501 and the second half tube bodies 502 are symmetrical, and
The side that half tube body 501 and the second half tube bodies 502 connect is hinged by hinge 14, and the other side is detachably connected, and is detachably connected
The connection of bolt 7 for example can be used in the mode connect, convenient for tube body is opened, preferably, the first half tube bodies 501 and the second half tube bodies
502 a sides being detachably connected are convenient for being bolted fixation along folded plate 503, folded plate 503 is equipped with.
The both ends of tube body 5 are respectively provided with a seal cover board, and the size of seal cover board is greater than internal diameter of tube body, such as seal cover board
Diameter is 26cm, with a thickness of 1cm, and two seal cover boards are respectively designated as water drainage cover board 4 and water inlet cover board 6, wherein water inlet cover board
4 center has the inlet opening of diameter 1cm, and inlet opening crosses water inlet pipe 10 and is connected with inlet tank 12, and water inlet pipe is hard
Plastic tube；The center of water drainage cover board 6 has the drainage hole of diameter 1cm, and drainage hole connects the row for draining to discharge casing 2
Water pipe 3, drainpipe are plastic conduit.Seal cover board is connected with corresponding tube body end by bolt.
The inner wall of tube body 5 is covered with transparent rubber membrane 15, rubber membrane extend after the end fold of tube body 5 with 5 end of tube body
Portion's outer wall fits, and the both ends of tube body are respectively arranged with one for fixing the clip 8 of rubber membrane.
Inlet tank is set on water inlet box bracket 13, and inlet tank is in volume 50cm × 50cm × 50cm cubic type, water inlet
Bottom portion is provided with the apopore of diameter 1cm, for connecting water inlet pipe.
Inlet tank 12 is equipped with gap 11, and the position of gap is higher than the connecting position of water inlet pipe 10 and inlet tank 12, overflows
The mouth of a river is apart from 10cm at the top of inlet tank.Discharge casing is in volume 50cm × 50cm × 50cm cubic type, and discharge casing has scale,
In order to read displacement.
When being measured to straw infiltration coefficient, firstly, from the detachable side of tube body, bolt is unscrewed, opens the
Half tube body and the second half tube bodies take rubber membrane, and rubber membrane is one whole complete rubber membrane, are planar, such as rectangle, side
Shape, except being laid on two halves inboard wall of tube body, rubber membrane should have more the length of two halves tube body wall thickness respectively, when two halves tube body is closed
When conjunction, first compacted rubber membrane can be had more before seam closure at bolt, form the sealing strip of seam crossing, then pass through the compacted rubber of bolt
Film test sealing.Straw is neatly put into the first half tube bodies and the second semicanal body and is compressed along the axial direction of tube body, then
By the first half tube bodies and the second half tube body docking blending bolt fastenings；The end of rubber membrane is turned up and corresponding tube body end again
Outer wall is affixed merging and is fixed with clip, and the rubber membrane to turn up plays the role of sealing ring, improves device air-tightness, and excision is exposed at pipe
External straw, tube body is placed in vacuum saturation cylinder, and (vacuum saturation cylinder can be used Nanjing essence KeYu and contain Instrument Ltd.
Product, model BHG) in carry out vacuum saturation (detection be saturated complete method can come by comparing the size of disengaging water it is true
It is fixed, can be considered that sample has been saturated when inflow is equal to water yield)；The both ends of seal cover board and tube body are connected after the completion of saturation
It connects, then outlet pipe is connected into water drainage cover board, water inlet pipe connection is filled to the inlet tank and water inlet cover board of water, water inlet upper box part, which has, to be filled
Sufficient water source, remains unchanged water tank level；Open the water Q that stopwatch records drainpipe discharge after the t time；
According to formula (1) calculation permeability coefficient k；
In formula (1), A is tube body cross-sectional area, unit cm2, L is tube length, and unit cm, t are time, unit
For s；Q is the water of drainpipe discharge after the t time, unit cm3；H is difference in height of the inlet tank liquid level to drainage hole, and unit is
cm。
In the present invention, the charge weight of stalk need to be determined according to sample density, when practical application stalk does filter layer, stalk
Quality it is found that the volume of filter layer be also it is known that measure the filter layer stalk infiltration coefficient when, can be by stalk filter layer
Density find out, the volume of sampler of the invention -- tube body is it is known that required when can acquire sample preparation for same a collection of stalk
Stalk quality is reloaded into tube body of the present invention；The charge weight of stalk will affect the infiltration coefficient of stalk, and how many determining of charge weight needs
It is calculated according to test, method is same as above, and is calculated according to the stalk filter layer actual conditions studied, and identical loading measures
It is identical to obtain result.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is that tube body is in square tube type, and compared to circular tube shaped, the tube body of square tube type be can be convenient
Measure the horizontal and vertical infiltration coefficient of stalk.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device characterized by comprising
Inlet tank (12)；
Discharge casing (2)；
The tube body (5) of accumbency, the both ends of the tube body are respectively provided with a seal cover board (4,6), and one of seal cover board passes through
Water inlet pipe (10) is connected with inlet tank (12), another seal cover board connects the drainpipe for draining to discharge casing (2)
(3)；
Wherein, along the longitudinal section direction of tube body, the tube body is by the first half tube bodies (501) and the second half tube body (502) docking groups
At the side that the first half tube body and the second pipe halfbody connect is hinged, and the other side is detachably connected, and the inboard wall of tube body is covered with
Rubber membrane (15).
2. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rubber membrane (15) is prolonged
It is mutually fixed after stretching out the end fold of tube body (5) with tube body end outer wall.
3. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the end sleeve of the tube body
Equipped with the clip (8) for fixing rubber membrane.
4. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first half tube body and
The second half tube bodies are symmetrical.
5. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the tube body is cylindrical
Or square tube type.
6. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first half tube body and
Hingedly by hinge (14), the other side is bolted for the side that second pipe halfbody connects.
7. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inlet tank, which is equipped with, overflows
The mouth of a river (11), the position of gap are higher than the connecting position of water inlet pipe and inlet tank.
8. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first half tube body and
Sealing element is equipped at the docking of second pipe halfbody.
9. straw osmotic coefficient investigating device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include to loading plant
The vacuum saturation device that the tube body of stalk is saturated.
10. a kind of measuring method of straw infiltration coefficient characterized by comprising
Utilize according to any one of claims 1 to 99 described in any item straw osmotic coefficient investigating devices；
From detachable side, the first half tube bodies and the second half tube bodies are opened, rubber membrane is made to be bonded inboard wall of tube body, straw is whole
It full cries and is compressed into the first half tube bodies and the second semicanal body, then fix the first half tube bodies and the second half tube body docking；
The straw being exposed at outside tube body is cut off, tube body is placed in progress vacuum saturation in vacuum saturation device；Saturation is completed
The both ends of seal cover board and tube body are connected afterwards, then outlet pipe is connected into seal cover board, water inlet pipe connection is filled to the water inlet of water
Case and seal cover board record the water Q of drainpipe discharge after the t time；
According to formula (1) calculation permeability coefficient k；
In formula (1), A is tube body cross-sectional area, unit cm2, L is tube length, and unit cm, t are time, unit s；Q
For the water that drainpipe after the t time is discharged, unit cm3；H is difference in height of the inlet tank liquid level to drainpipe import, and unit is
cm。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910098241.7A CN109682739A (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | A kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910098241.7A CN109682739A (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | A kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measuring method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109682739A true CN109682739A (en) | 2019-04-26 |
Family
ID=66195521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910098241.7A Pending CN109682739A (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | A kind of straw osmotic coefficient investigating device and measuring method |
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| Country | Link |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202230008U (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-05-23 | 葛洲坝集团试验检测有限公司 | Cone-frustum-shaped penetration test device for concrete |
| CN204188493U (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 盐城工学院 | Stalk material infiltration coefficient test macro |
| CN106442273A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 盐城工学院 | Straw permeability coefficient testing device and testing method |
| CN107356510A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-17 | 山东科技大学 | Simulate face surrounding rock water inrush channel extension evolution pilot system |
-
2019
- 2019-01-31 CN CN201910098241.7A patent/CN109682739A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202230008U (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-05-23 | 葛洲坝集团试验检测有限公司 | Cone-frustum-shaped penetration test device for concrete |
| CN204188493U (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-03-04 | 盐城工学院 | Stalk material infiltration coefficient test macro |
| CN106442273A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 盐城工学院 | Straw permeability coefficient testing device and testing method |
| CN107356510A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-17 | 山东科技大学 | Simulate face surrounding rock water inrush channel extension evolution pilot system |
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Application publication date: 20190426 |