CN109682571A - A kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench - Google Patents
A kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682571A CN109682571A CN201811403471.1A CN201811403471A CN109682571A CN 109682571 A CN109682571 A CN 109682571A CN 201811403471 A CN201811403471 A CN 201811403471A CN 109682571 A CN109682571 A CN 109682571A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/08—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics
- G09B23/12—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for statics or dynamics of liquids or gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/188—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for motors; for generators; for power supplies; for power distribution
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water hammers and surge chamber system experimental bench, including the end PC and the head box assembly, penstock component, the pressure regulation chamber component that are arranged on recovery tank；Height-adjustable overflow plate is set in head box assembly, the spill cavity that water header tank is divided into storage chamber and is connected to recovery tank；Penstock component includes several layers coil pipe；Pressure regulation chamber component includes the identical surge-chamber of several layers end section；Water in recovery tank flows into surge-chamber through penstock, then be discharged into recovery tank after water pump is pumped into storage chamber, circulation circulation；The end PC is separately connected the first flow sensor set on surge-chamber water inlet, the second flow sensor set on surge-chamber water outlet, several second pressure sensors set on the first pressure sensor of surge-chamber bottom, in penstock.The present invention be it is a kind of have both water hammer demonstration and data monitoring, power station generating system by piloting water teaching demonstration experiment, hydraulic power plant surge-chamber running experiment and hydropower station system test integrated system experimental bench.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental benches, and in particular to a kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench.
Background technique
Water hammer is a kind of transition flow phenomenon for being common in pressure conduit, the water body when acute variation occurs for the flow in pipeline
Due to the limitation of inertia and pipeline, huge water hammer pressure can be generated, also becomes water attack.Water hammer in the form of water soot blower,
Quickly transmitted in pipeline, control it is improper can generate huge destruction to system, cut-off 2018 be only with representative accident analysis and
The accident for publishing paper just has nearly hundred.
In the subjects such as hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, Energy Project, hydrodynamics direction, the generation of awareness and understanding water hammer
Form, transmitting characteristic and the extent of injury are essential links in student's study and culture.Pass through experimental demonstration and data point
Analysis is undoubtedly a kind of wherein important learning ways.
In hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, there is apparent water hammer and good engineering in the generating system by piloting water of long range
Practice significance is very beneficial for the rational learning of water hammer.Particularly, hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering field generating system by piloting water not
Engineering measure-surge-chamber of the phenomenon is also coped in the generation of only water hammer.In addition, structure of hydropower station is water conservancy water
The core curriculum of electrical engineering profession allows student to fully realize the integral arrangement and a variety of surge-chamber forms ten of generating system by piloting water
Divide important.In such a system, the transient process in hydroelectric station operation is a complexity and elusive process, is tried in combination with model
Test more preferably specific study.For the big research direction that the transient flow research in generating system by piloting water is also in field, model
Test is also an indispensable ring.
It is many now for the experimental system in water hammer experiment and power station and surge-chamber demonstration, but water hammer demo system
Mostly with phenomenon illustrate based on shown in conjunction with practical application it is less.Moreover, from the point of view of the development of model test, more
Intelligentized control technology and monitoring technology incorporate the urgent need that system design is user, and existing many devices lack in intelligence
The consideration of energyization and hommization, room for improvement is very big in this regard.
To sum up, the water hammer of a set of integrated intelligence and surge-chamber pilot system being capable of hydrodynamics, water in institution of higher learning
Mechanics, structure of hydropower station practical teaching in can be widely used and vast market prospect；Good system simultaneously
Design can also be applied in the scientific experimentation of related discipline, can more widen application prospect.
Summary of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to have both water hammer demonstration and data prison
Survey, the experiment of the teaching demonstration of power station generating system by piloting water, hydraulic power plant surge-chamber running experiment and hydropower station system test it is comprehensive
Close system experimental.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench, including the end PC and the head box assembly being arranged on recovery tank, diversion
Road component, pressure regulation chamber component；
Height-adjustable overflow plate is set in the head box assembly, water header tank is divided into storage chamber and is connected with recovery tank
Logical spill cavity；
The penstock component includes several layers coil pipe；
The pressure regulation chamber component includes the identical surge-chamber of several layers end section；
Water in recovery tank flows into surge-chamber through penstock, then be discharged into recovery tank, recycle stream after water pump is pumped into storage chamber
Turn；
The end PC is separately connected the first flow sensor set on surge-chamber water inlet, set on the second of surge-chamber water outlet
Quantity sensor, several second pressure sensors set on the first pressure sensor of surge-chamber bottom, in penstock.
Above-mentioned second pressure sensor is arranged at equal intervals in each layer coil pipe.
The water inlet of above-mentioned penstock is equipped with the first electric valve, and the second electricity is equipped between first flow sensor and surge-chamber
Valve, second flow sensor is equipped with third electric valve later, and is controlled respectively by the end PC.
Honeycomb screen is longitudinally equipped in above-mentioned storage chamber.
Water flow in above-mentioned several layers coil pipe is in descending manner.
The type of above-mentioned surge-chamber includes drum type brake, impedance type, two chamber, overflow-type, differential type, air pressing type.
The borehole wall of above-mentioned pressure regulation chamber component is equipped with water level and reads item.
A kind of above-mentioned water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench, further include the water wheels component being arranged on recovery tank: built-in
The workshop model of the hydraulic turbine；The water of surge-chamber discharge, is discharged into recovery tank after the hydraulic turbine.
The axis of the above-mentioned hydraulic turbine is equipped with the electromagnetism augmentor controlled by the end PC；Existed by electromagnetism augmentor simulation generator
Torque is applied to main shaft when network load changes.(different magnetic force are generated by size of current by electromagnet above axis, limit axis
Rotation, working condition of the hydrogenerator under network load situation of change is simulated with this)
The shell of the hydraulic turbine be in scroll casing shape, the built-in water distributor being made of multiple guide vanes,
The water distributor includes control ring, and bottom is several with guide vane axis connection connecting rod along being equipped with, and the two of top
Side is respectively equipped with push-pull rod, and, the other end of push-pull rod and the gear toe joint rotated by motor shaft；
It leads leaf divergence and electric motor is driven by the end PC, the rotation of linkage control ring is controlled through link rotatable guide vane teunnion.
The above-mentioned end PC receives the flow and pressure data of feedback, and detection records, and with pressure wave cardon and flow waves cardon
Form real-time display flow and pressure data；
The working condition of each valve and guide vane in the PC end control system, to simulate different operating conditions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Of the invention a kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench, have the advantage that
1, the present invention simultaneously there is surge-chamber to spring up test, generating system by piloting water lecture experiment and water hammer lecture experiment
Three kinds of functions, structure is simple, saves cost, can reasonable distribution research and teaching funds；
2, the present invention considers a variety of hydraulic boundary conditions in generating system by piloting water, forms total system arrangement shape
Formula can carry out preferable scientific experimentation by reasonable upgrading；
3, realization system of the present invention realizes intelligent control and scientific experimentation record, keeps experimental result more specific, convenient for number
According to analysis and it is corresponding with theoretical knowledge, had both illustrative and science；
4, the head regulatory function of water header tank of the present invention and pressure stabilization function provide good control condition for test；
5, primary structure of the invention is pmma material or transparent plastic, and water body fluidised form when convenient for test is seen
It examines, consumptive material is common and is easy to repair and maintenance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of a kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of head box assembly of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of water wheels component of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the various types of structural schematic diagram of surge-chamber of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of water distributor of the invention.
Attached meaning marked in the figure is as follows: 1, head box assembly, 2, penstock component, 3, pressure regulation chamber component, 4, water wheels group
Part, 5, recovery tank, 6, the end PC, 7, overflow pipe, the 8, first electric valve, 9, second pressure sensor, 10, coil pipe, 11, first flow
Sensor, 12, second flow sensor, the 13, second electric valve, 14, third electric valve, 15, water header tank, 16, overflow plate, 17,
Honeycomb screen, 18, electromagnetism augmentor, 19, spiral case, 20, guide vane, 21, draft tube, 22, connecting rod, 23, control ring, 24, push-pull rod；
A, drum type brake, B, impedance type, C, two chamber, D, overflow-type, E, differential type, F, air pressing type.
Specific embodiment
Specific introduce is made to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The hydraulic turbine and water distributor of the invention, referring to " power station " the 5th edition chapter 4 the of Liu Qizhao, Hu Ming chief editor
Three sections " hydrogovernor working principle ".
A kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench, by the end PC 6, recovery tank 5,15 component 1 of water header tank, penstock component 2,
Pressure regulation chamber component 3, water wheels component 4 form, and the shell of each component is all made of transparent glass or plastics.
15 component 1 of water header tank, penstock component 2, pressure regulation chamber component 3 are arranged on recovery tank 5；Water warp in recovery tank 5
After water pump is pumped into 15 component 1 of water header tank, followed by penstock component 2, pressure regulation chamber component 3, water wheels component 4, then it is discharged into return water
Case 5, circulation circulation；The end PC 6 is used to receive to be passed with each electronic component in Control experiment platform, including flow sensor, pressure
Sensor, electric valve and water pump.
Height-adjustable overflow plate 16 is set in 15 component 1 of water header tank, water header tank 15 is divided into storage chamber and spill cavity,
Spill cavity is connected to by overflow pipe 7 with recovery tank 5；By adjusting the height of overflow plate 16, different test heads is controlled, to be
System provides constant head；It is additionally provided with honeycomb screen 17 in storage chamber, prevents Water in Water Tanks bulk wave from moving excessive, guarantees the water for entering pipeline
Levelling is suitable.
Penstock component 2 is made of several layers coil pipe 10, and water flow is in descending manner；The water inlet of penstock is equipped with the first electric valve
Door 8, several second pressure sensors 9 are arranged in each layer coil pipe 10 at equal intervals.Water body flows through the first electric valve 8 and passes through " returning "
Shape conduit pipe flow to surge-chamber, and second pressure sensor 9 is used to detect the water hammer pressure in pipeline.
Pressure regulation chamber component 3 includes the identical surge-chamber of several layers end section, and the borehole wall is equipped with water level and reads item.Surge-chamber enters
The mouth of a river is equipped with first flow sensor 11, water outlet is equipped with second flow sensor 12, bottom is equipped with first pressure sensor；
And the second electric valve 13 is equipped between first flow sensor 11 and surge-chamber, third is equipped with after second flow sensor 12
Electric valve 14, and controlled respectively by the end PC 6.
Pressure regulation chamber component 3 be it is detachable, by the identical section of surge-chamber end, connected using connecting tube and ring flange
Connect, outside is subject to structural frames and keeps stablizing, the inside of pressure regulation chamber component 3 (surge-chamber) may be configured as common impedance type, drum type brake,
Two chamber, differential type, air-cushion type, half air-cushion type, can be tested after being assembled.First pressure sensor is adjusted for monitoring
Pressure change in pressure chamber component 3.
Water wheels component 4 includes the workshop model of the built-in hydraulic turbine.
The axis of the hydraulic turbine is equipped with the electromagnetism augmentor 18 controlled by the end PC 6.
The shell of the hydraulic turbine is in 19 shape of spiral case, and water flow flows into recovery tank 5 by the draft tube 21 at end end；Built in spiral case 19
The water distributor being made of multiple guide vanes 20, water distributor further include control ring 23, and bottom edge is equipped with several and guide vane 20
The connecting rod 22 of axis connection, the two sides at top are respectively equipped with push-pull rod 24, and, the other end of push-pull rod 24 with by motor shaft rotation
Gear toe joint；The aperture of guide vane 20 drives electric motor by the end PC 6, and linkage control ring 23 rotates, and rotates guide vane 20 through connecting rod 22
Axis and control.
It gathers around there are three control module at the end PC 6:
1., valve control module: take aperture and shut-in time adjustable valve, each valve independent control is controllable to open
Make and break degree and opening and closing time, to simulate different operating conditions.
2., sensor monitoring modular: the electronic signal of flow monitoring module and pressure monitoring module is converted into number by DC
Word signal, and by programming drawing Dynamically Announce waveform, form real-time pressure/time and the (display of flow/time waveform diagram
Pressure wave cardon and flow waves cardon).
3., data processing output module: will record data preparation format after with excel Output of for ms test data, be convenient for
Post-processing and depth analysis.
In actual use:
(1), generating system by piloting water runs lecture experiment operating condition
Preparation stage: after system water power is ready to complete, each sensor is detected at the end PC 6 and valve working is normal.It gives and controls
End instruction, the pump switch opened in recovery tank 5 start to supply water into water header tank 15, and it is high to setting to manually adjust overflow plate 16
Journey.Reach overflow elevation to water flow, control terminal opens the first electric valve 8, the second electric valve 13, third electric valve 14, is
Interior conduit of uniting is vented.Water flow passes sequentially through the first electric valve 8, conduit pipe, pressure sensor, flow sensor, and water flow forces
Gas is discharged from surge-chamber, and surge-chamber water level is flushed with 15 water level of water header tank after the completion of exhaust.
Experimental stage:
1., booting experiment, control terminal (end PC 6) open movable guide vane 20, water flow by 19 runner of spiral case in movable guide vane
Enter impulse water turbine model rotation in workshop model under 20 control, simulates generating operation mode.
2., carry out hydraulic turbine operation experiment, adjust movable guide vane 20 aperture and electromagnetism augmentor 18 simulate power station
Flow and load alternation process observe and record surge-chamber water-level fluctuation, flow and pressure change in pipeline.
3., carry out shutdown experiment, set 20 shut-in time of guide vane and aperture, carry out the hydraulic turbine and shut down to test simultaneously to pass through control
Interface observes and records data.
Shut-down-phase: after experiment, control terminal (end PC 6) is closed in recovery tank 5 and is worked water pump, open all valves and
Guide vane 20 waits water flow to be all recycled to water tank and closes all working valve, equipment downtime.
Finally, exporting experimental data from control terminal, experiment terminates.
Above-mentioned experimentation is this operating condition basic function, and teaching and user can improve experimental program according to the actual situation,
Simulate various working.
(2), water hammer demonstration and data monitoring experiment condition
This operating condition preparation stage and shut-down-phase are identical as a upper operating condition, are not repeated.
Experimental stage:
1., the normal water delivery working condition experimenting of pipeline, open the second electric valve 13, third electric valve 14, observe pipe-line system in
After fluidised form is until stablize, pressure sensor and flow sensor data are recorded.
2., without water hammer working condition experimenting under the conditions of surge-chamber, keep third electric valve 14 normally opened, by setting the second electric valve
Water hammer under 13 shut-in time, pipeline flow simulation different condition, passes through pressure sensor observation and record water hammer pressure
Power analyzes direct hammer and indirect water hammer in conjunction with calculating.
3., the water hammer working condition experimenting with surge-chamber, keep second electric valve 13 normally opened, pass through setting third electric valve 14
Shut-in time and pipeline flow simulation with 2. in identical operating condition, record and analyze the pressure changing of conduit pipe, can compare
Whether there is or not the water hammer situations of surge-chamber.
Above-mentioned experimentation is this operating condition basic function, and teaching and user can improve experimental program according to the actual situation,
Simulate various working.
(3), power station different types surge-chamber characteristic test
Preparation stage: after system water power is ready to complete, each sensor is detected at the end PC 6 and valve working is normal.It gives and controls
The pump switch in instruction unpack recovery tank 5 is held, starts to supply water into water header tank 15, it is high to setting to manually adjust overflow plate 16
Journey.In water storage project, various forms of surge-chambers are replaced at detachable pressure regulation chamber component 3.Reach overflow elevation to water flow,
Control terminal opens the first electric valve 8, the second electric valve 13, third electric valve 14, carries out the exhaust of system interior conduit.Water flow is successively led to
The first electric valve 8, conduit pipe, pressure sensor, flow sensor are crossed, water flow forces gas be discharged from surge-chamber, exhaust
Surge-chamber water level is flushed with 15 water level of water header tank after the completion.
Experimental stage:
Reply is directed to various forms of surge-chambers: impedance type, the drum type brake of band connection pipe, dual chamber room, differential type, air cushion
Formula, half air-cushion type are tested respectively, and process is as follows:
All valves are opened, penstock is worked normally.When setting the aperture variation range and variation of third electric valve 14
Between, simulate the transient flow operating condition in Transient Process of Hydropower Station, record flow, pipeline pressure and Methods of Oscillation in Surge Chambers situation of change.Respectively
The surge-chamber of form carries out identical experiment, carries out the characteristic rule of analysis comparison surge-chamber.
Shut-down-phase: after experiment, control terminal closes in recovery tank 5 water pump that works, and opens all valves and guide vane 20,
It waits water flow to be all recycled to water tank and closes all working valve, equipment downtime.
Finally, exporting experimental data from control terminal, experiment terminates.
Above-mentioned experimentation is this operating condition basic function, and teaching and user can improve experimental program according to the actual situation,
Simulate various working.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the above embodiments do not limit the invention in any form, all obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Technical solution is fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of water hammer and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that including the end PC and the water header tank being arranged on recovery tank
Component, penstock component, pressure regulation chamber component；
Height-adjustable overflow plate is set in the head box assembly, water header tank is divided into storage chamber and is connected to recovery tank
Spill cavity；
The penstock component includes several layers coil pipe；
The pressure regulation chamber component includes the identical surge-chamber of several layers end section；
Water in recovery tank flows into surge-chamber through penstock, then be discharged into recovery tank after water pump is pumped into storage chamber, circulation circulation；
The end PC is separately connected the first flow sensor set on surge-chamber water inlet, the second flow set on surge-chamber water outlet passes
Sensor, several second pressure sensors set on the first pressure sensor of surge-chamber bottom, in penstock.
2. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the second pressure passes
Sensor is arranged at equal intervals in each layer coil pipe.
3. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the penstock enters
The mouth of a river is equipped with the first electric valve,
The second electric valve is equipped between first flow sensor and surge-chamber,
It is equipped with third electric valve after second flow sensor,
It is controlled respectively by the end PC.
4. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that indulged in the storage chamber
To setting honeycomb screen.
5. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the several layers coil pipe
Interior water flow is in descending manner.
6. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the kind of the surge-chamber
Class includes impedance type, drum type brake, two chamber, differential type, air-cushion type, half air-cushion type.
7. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the pressure regulation chamber component
The borehole wall be equipped with water level read item.
8. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that further include that setting is being returned
Water wheels component on water tank: the workshop model of the built-in hydraulic turbine；
The water of surge-chamber discharge, is discharged into recovery tank after the hydraulic turbine.
9. a kind of water hammer according to claim 8 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the axis of the hydraulic turbine
Equipped with the electromagnetism augmentor controlled by the end PC；
The shell of the hydraulic turbine be in scroll casing shape, the built-in water distributor being made of multiple guide vanes,
The water distributor includes control ring, and bottom is divided along several and guide vane axis connection connecting rod, the two sides at top are equipped with
Not She You push-pull rod, and, the other end of push-pull rod with by motor shaft rotate gear toe joint；
It leads leaf divergence and electric motor is driven by the end PC, the rotation of linkage control ring is controlled through link rotatable guide vane teunnion.
10. a kind of water hammer according to claim 1 and surge chamber system experimental bench, which is characterized in that the end PC receives
The flow and pressure data of feedback, detection, record, and in the form of pressure wave cardon and flow waves cardon real-time display flow and
Pressure data；
The working condition of each valve and guide vane in the PC end control system, to simulate different operating conditions.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110219288A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-10 | 河南郑大水利科技有限公司 | A kind of double throttled surge chambers |
| CN110631802A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-12-31 | 浙江海洋大学 | Torsion bar type mechanical acquisition instrument |
| CN111175019A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-19 | 武汉大学 | Model experiment device and method for measuring impedance coefficient of voltage regulation chamber |
| CN112014083A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-01 | 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 | Pressure test method for steel structure pressure regulating chamber |
| CN113740030A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2021-12-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Pipeline resistance parameter detection system and detection method |
| CN114112454A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-03-01 | 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 | Water hammer comprehensive protection method for ship water transfer system |
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| CN111175019A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-19 | 武汉大学 | Model experiment device and method for measuring impedance coefficient of voltage regulation chamber |
| CN112014083A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-12-01 | 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 | Pressure test method for steel structure pressure regulating chamber |
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