CN106531240B - A kind of heat exchanger, reactor simulation system and its Natural Circulation, which are stagnated, restarts analogue experiment method - Google Patents
A kind of heat exchanger, reactor simulation system and its Natural Circulation, which are stagnated, restarts analogue experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106531240B CN106531240B CN201611052166.3A CN201611052166A CN106531240B CN 106531240 B CN106531240 B CN 106531240B CN 201611052166 A CN201611052166 A CN 201611052166A CN 106531240 B CN106531240 B CN 106531240B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
Restart analogue experiment installation and method the invention provides a kind of stagnation of the reactor Natural Circulation of heat exchanger including heat exchanger and restart edge determination criterion including initial operating mode method for building up, thermal source analogy method, Natural Circulation stagnation, the heat exchanger includes housing and the heating surface bank being arranged in housing, the heating surface bank is placed in the vertical direction, the heating surface bank outer wall sets the metallic rod extended to bottom, and the metal rod ends are pointed structures.The present invention improves the heat exchange efficiency of evaporator, solves primary condition simulation, boundary condition imitation and Natural Circulation and stagnates and restarts the key technical problems such as edge determination quantization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat exchanger and analogue experiment installation and method including heat exchanger as evaporator, specifically
It is related to a kind of heat exchanger and realizes that reactor system Natural Circulation stagnates the experimental method for restarting all processes simulation.
Background technology
At present, it is external that the relevant report for restarting simulated experiment is stagnated there has been no development reactor Natural Circulation.Chinese core
Dynamic study designing institute carries out Natural Circulation stagnation and restarts simulated experiment on the basis of existing Natural Circulation simulated experiment,
Purpose is further exploration and research natural cycle system longtime running characteristic and border class problem.Stagnated again in Natural Circulation
Before startup simulated experiment, it is necessary to solve primary condition simulation, boundary condition imitation and Natural Circulation stagnation and restart border
The key technical problems such as quantization are determined how to, Natural Circulation is established and stagnates and restart analogue experiment method.The present invention is with above-mentioned pass
Key technology problem is guiding, it is proposed that initial operating mode method for building up, thermal source analogy method, Natural Circulation stagnation are restarted border and sentenced
Fix then, restart simulated experiment for development Natural Circulation stagnation and lay a good foundation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of new heat exchanger structure and a set of experimental provision and method, solves reaction
The stagnation of heap Natural Circulation is restarted the initial operating mode method for building up being related in simulated experiment, thermal source analogy method, Natural Circulation and stopped
It is stagnant to restart the key technical problems such as edge determination criterion.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of reactor simulation system, the system include voltage-stablizer, reactor analogue body, reactor core simulating piece, main pipeline and entered
Mouth valve, steam generator analogue body, steam generator analogue body cooling system, main pump and main pipeline outlet valve are described steady
Depressor coupled reaction heap analogue body, reactor core simulating piece are arranged in reactor analogue body, described reactor analogue body, main pipeline
Imported valve, steam generator analogue body, steam generator analogue body cooling system, main pump and main pipeline outlet valve connect successively
Connect, form a circulation loop system.
A kind of stagnated using foregoing system progress reactor Natural Circulation restarts analogue experiment method, its feature
It is, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Initial working condition simulation method, solves the problem of modelling of experiment primary condition；
Step 2：Thermal source analogy method, solves the problem of modelling of experiment boundary condition；
Step 3：Natural Circulation, which is stagnated, restarts edge determination criterion, solves Natural Circulation and stagnates, restarts border and sentence
Fixed the problem of how quantifying.
Preferably, the specific implementation of step 1 is as follows：
Starting voltage-stablizer makes circulation loop boost, and opens main pipeline imported valve and main pipeline outlet valve, starts main pump,
Start reactor core simulating piece, make loop continue to rise to thermal technology's operating mode of reactor shutdown zero moment；After stable certain time, close
Stop main pump, the reactor core simulating piece switches to automatic control mode, from the first power analog reactor capability curve, puts into steam
Generator analogue body cooling water system, the gradual decrease temperature and pressure in loop, when reactor capability is down to the second power, collection is now returned
The thermal parameter of road system, you can the initial operating mode for restarting simulated experiment is stagnated as Natural Circulation.
Preferably, after stablizing 30 minutes, main pump is closed down.
Preferably, 10MW during the first power, the second power is 500kW.
Preferably, the specific implementation of step 2 is as follows：
Reactor core simulating piece uses electric heating element, and the number of DC current is calculated according to the reactor capability of the first power
Value, similarly, reactor core simulating piece DC current curve can be calculated according to reactor capability curve, therefore control reactor core simulation
Part DC current can realize the high-precision analog of reactor capability, and initial working condition experimenting uses real-time Simulation, it is not necessary to anti-
The time shaft of heap power curve is answered to enter line translation；In follow-up Natural Circulation is stagnated and restarts simulated experiment, use is non real-time
Simulation, by entering time shaft of the line translation realization to reactor capability curve to the time shaft of reactor core simulating piece DC current curve
Conversion, thermal source simulation is carried out further according to the reactor capability curve after conversion.
Preferably, reactor core simulating piece uses constant-resistance electric heating element of the resistance for 10m Ω.
Preferably, the specific implementation of step 3 is as follows：
Natural Circulation stagnation restarts edge determination criterion and uses resistance decision criteria, specifically using following criterion：
△pf=∑ (△ p0, i+△ρig△Hi) (1)
In formula：ΔpfFor loop friction pressure drop；Δp0, iFor the i-th section differential pressure transmitter indicating value；ΔρiFor the close of the i-th section
Spend poor, Δ ρi=ρ0, i-ρF, i, ρ0, iFor fluid density in the i-th section pressure guiding pipe, ρF, iFor the i-th section loop hot-fluid volume density；g
For acceleration of gravity；ΔHiFor the i-th section differential pressure transmitter pressure guiding pipe both positive and negative polarity difference in height, Δ Hi=Hi+1-Hi, Hi+1For the i-thth area
Between pressure guiding pipe negative pole height, HiFor the i-th section pressure guiding pipe positive pole height；
In formula：Δ p is loop benchmark friction pressure drop, can use initial value；η1To stagnate aritical ratio value；η2Face to restart
Boundary's ratio value；η1、η2Selection and loop characteristic with Δ p is relevant.
Specific decision method is as follows：If Δ pf/ Δ p value is down to η from higher value1Hereinafter, then judge that Natural Circulation is stagnated；If
Δpf/ Δ p value rises to η from smaller value2More than, then judge Natural Circulation restarting.
Preferably, η 1=0.2%, η 2=1%.
Compared with prior art, it is of the invention to have the following advantages：
1) a kind of evaporator of new heat exchanger as simulated experiment is provided, improves the coefficient of heat transfer.
2) system and method provided by the invention are used, solve primary condition simulation, boundary condition imitation in experiment
Stagnated with Natural Circulation and restart the key technical problems such as edge determination quantization.
3) in initial working condition simulation method, carry out special initial working condition experimenting, obtain the heat under a certain low power condition
Work operating mode, the initial operating mode for restarting simulated experiment is stagnated as Natural Circulation.Efficiently solve two problems：First, rely on
Laboratory facilities obtain the initial operating mode of high reliability, better than technological approaches such as calculating analyses；Two are that of avoiding each Natural Circulation
Simulated experiment is restarted in stagnation since reactor shutdown zero moment, will greatly reduce time and the cost of experiment.
4) in thermal source analogy method, ensure and improve reactor using constant-resistance electric heating element and DC current control technology
The simulation precision of power curve；Initial working condition experimenting uses real-time Simulation, it is not necessary to which the time shaft of reactor capability curve is become
Change；Follow-up Natural Circulation stagnation restarts simulated experiment and uses non real-time simulation, can be according to linearly or nonlinearly ratio to anti-
Answer the time shaft of heap power curve to enter line translation, because the reactor capability change of the process is extremely slow, thus do not change substantially
The hot-working hydraulic characteristic of change system.
5) during simulated experiment is restarted in Natural Circulation stagnation, for " lower resistance " circuit system, its natural circulation stream
Measure and its change greatly, flow decision criteria can be used；For " high-drag " circuit system, its natural circulation flow is first by one
Small quantity vanishing, it is changed into small quantity from zero again, existing flowmeter is difficult to measure, but, due to the resistance of such circuit system
It is worth larger, pressure difference and temperature measuring data can be based on Resistance Value be calculated, the present invention proposes that resistance judges using this feature
Criterion, solves this technical barrier.
6) new reactor analogue body is used.
Brief description of the drawings
The initial working condition simulation method schematic diagrames of Fig. 1；
Reactor capability curve before Fig. 2 time axis conversions；
Reactor capability curve after Fig. 3 time axis conversions；
Reactor capability curve in the initial working condition experimentings of Fig. 4；
Fig. 5 is reactor analogue body schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is to set schematic of fluid flow after dividing plate；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of evaporator heat exchange tube bank；
Fig. 8 is another structural representation of evaporator heat exchange tube bank.
In Fig. 1：1- voltage-stablizers；2- reactor analogue bodies；3- reactor core simulating pieces；4- main pipeline imported valves；5- steam is sent out
Raw device analogue body；6- steam generator analogue body cooling systems；7- main pumps；8- main pipeline outlet valves.
In Fig. 2：Reactor capability curve before 9- time axis conversions；Reactor capability curve after 10- time axis conversions；
Reactor capability curve in the initial working condition experimentings of 11-.
In Fig. 3,31, upper cover, 32, pressure housing stage casing, 33, pressure housing hypomere, 34, low head, 35, stage casing cylinder
Body, 36, bellows, 37, hypomere cylinder, 38, reactor core analogue body, 39, positive pole copper bar, 310, negative pole copper bar, 311, inlet pipeline,
312nd, outlet conduit, 313 stage casing cavitys.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Herein, if without specified otherwise, it is related to formula, "/" represents division, and "×", " * " represent multiplication.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of reactor simulation system, as shown in figure 1, a kind of reactor simulation system, the system includes voltage stabilizing
Device 1, reactor analogue body 2, reactor core simulating piece 3, main pipeline imported valve 4, steam generator analogue body 5, steam generator mould
Intend body cooling system 6, main pump 7 and main pipeline outlet valve 8, the coupled reaction heap analogue body 2 of voltage-stablizer 1, reactor core simulating piece 3
Be arranged in reactor analogue body 2, described reactor analogue body 2, main pipeline imported valve 4, steam generator analogue body 5,
Steam generator analogue body cooling system 6, main pump 7 and main pipeline outlet valve 8 are sequentially connected, and form a circulation loop system
System.
A kind of stagnated using foregoing system progress reactor Natural Circulation restarts analogue experiment method, reactor
Analogue experiment method is restarted in Natural Circulation stagnation includes initial operating mode method for building up, thermal source analogy method, Natural Circulation stagnation
Restart edge determination criterion etc.,
Comprise the following steps：
(1) initial working condition simulation method solves the problem of modelling of experiment primary condition.
Reactor capability decays to power level when Natural Circulation is stagnated from shutdown, by needing several days even more than ten days
Time, on the premise of the authenticity and validity of simulation is ensured, in order to save experimental period and cost, experiment is not will be anti-
Thermal technology's operating mode of heap shutdown zero moment is answered as initial operating mode, but carries out special initial working condition experimenting, passes through simulation reaction
All processes during heap shutdown zero moment to a certain lower power levels, thermal technology's operating mode under a certain low power condition is obtained, as
Natural Circulation stagnates the initial operating mode for restarting simulated experiment.
(2) thermal source analogy method solves the problem of modelling of experiment boundary condition.
Using constant-resistance electric heating element and DC current control technology, simulation thermal source is that reactor capability changes with time song
Line；Do not changing the premise of reactor thermo-hydraulics characteristic, to save time and cost, experiment can use non real-time simulation, this
When also line translation is entered to the time shaft of reactor capability curve.
Time axis conversion refers to coordinate transform, such as by time shaft is that X-axis reduces according to linear scale.Passage time axle becomes
Change, experimental period can be shortened, improve conventional efficient.
Reactor capability curve is a curve given according to decay thermal power, needs to be converted into electric current song in experiment
Line, the reactor core simulating piece scheme resistance value in the present invention is more constant, thus power curve is easily converted to current curve, unlike
Scheme in the past needs collection power data in real time, then closed loop control current output.
Non real-time simulation refers to that the time scale in simulation is not 1:Simulated in 1, such as preferred simulated experiment with 1 hour
24 hours physical phenomenons and process occurred of prototype.And real-time Simulation refers to that the time scale in simulation is 1:1.
(3) Natural Circulation stagnation restarts edge determination criterion and solves Natural Circulation stagnation, restarts edge determination such as
The problem of any quantity.
Edge determination criterion is restarted in Natural Circulation stagnation includes two kinds of resistance decision criteria and flow decision criteria.Its
In, resistance judgment criterion is using the friction pressure drop size of natural convection loop as scale (as shown in formula 1~3) is judged, generally
Suitable for " the big temperature difference " system；And flow decision criteria is generally fitted using the uninterrupted of natural convection loop as scale is judged
For " lower resistance " system.
△pf=∑ (△ p0, i+△ρig△Hi) (1)
In formula：ΔpfFor loop friction pressure drop；Δp0, iFor the i-th section differential pressure transmitter indicating value；ΔρiFor the close of the i-th section
Spend poor, Δ ρi=ρ0, i-ρF, i, ρ0, iFor fluid density in the i-th section pressure guiding pipe, ρF, iFor the i-th section loop hot-fluid volume density；g
For acceleration of gravity；ΔHiFor the i-th section differential pressure transmitter pressure guiding pipe both positive and negative polarity difference in height, Δ Hi=Hi+1-Hi, Hi+1For the i-thth area
Between pressure guiding pipe negative pole height, Hi is the i-th section pressure guiding pipe positive pole height.
Preferably, the Δ p in each area in formula0, i、ΔHiIt is direct measurement, ρ0, i、ρF, iIt is the temperature according to measurement
Degree, pressure obtain, such as logical temperature and pressure, are obtained by inquiring about database, or database setting is automatic in systems
It is calculated.
In formula：Δ p is loop benchmark friction pressure drop, can use loop friction pressure drop Δ pfInitial value, i.e. Natural Circulation stops
It is stagnant to restart simulated experiment friction pressure drop at initial stage Δ pf, optimization experiment starts the initial value of 10 minutes；η1To stagnate aritical ratio
Value；η2To restart aritical ratio value；η1、η2Selection and loop characteristic with Δ p is relevant.
Specific decision method is as follows：If Δ pf/ Δ p value is down to η from higher value1Hereinafter, then judge that Natural Circulation is stagnated；If
Δpf/ Δ p value rises to η from smaller value2More than, then judge Natural Circulation restarting.
Further embodiment is as follows：
As shown in figure 1, initial working condition experimenting specific implementation is as follows：Input voltage-stablizer 1 makes loop boost, and opens main pipeline and enters
Mouthful valve 4 and main pipeline outlet valve 8, start main pump 7, input reactor core simulating piece 3, make loop continue heating and rise to reactor to stop
Thermal technology's operating mode of heap zero moment；After stablizing 30 minutes, main pump 7 is closed down, reactor core simulating piece 3 switches to automatic control mode, from
10MW mock-up reactor power curve, the cooling water system of input steam generator analogue body 5, the gradual decrease temperature and pressure in loop, when anti-
When answering the heap power to be down to 500kW, the thermal parameter of collection now circuit system, you can stagnated as Natural Circulation and restart simulation
The initial operating mode of experiment.Thermal source analogy method in above-mentioned initial working condition experimenting is as follows：Reactor core simulating piece 3 uses resistance as 10m
Ω constant-resistance electric heating element, it is 31628A that DC current, which is calculated, according to 10MW reactor capabilities, similarly, according to reactor
The DC current curve of reactor core simulating piece 3 can be calculated in power curve, therefore controls the DC current of reactor core simulating piece 3 to realize
The high-precision analog of reactor capability, initial working condition experimenting use real-time Simulation, it is not necessary to the time of reactor capability curve
Axle enters line translation.In follow-up Natural Circulation is stagnated and restarts simulated experiment, using non real-time simulation, by being simulated to reactor core
The time shaft of the DC current curve of part 3 enters time axis conversion of the line translation realization to reactor capability curve, after conversion
Reactor capability curve carry out thermal source simulation.
By taking " high-drag " circuit system as an example, the amount for restarting border is stagnated as Natural Circulation using resistance decision criteria
Change decision criteria, specific implementation is as follows：As shown in figure 1, the pressure data of collection voltage-stablizer 1, gathers each equipment, pipeline
Import and export (measuring point can be increased among equipment and pipeline) temperature data, gather each equipment, pipeline inlet and outlet (can be in equipment
With increase measuring point among pipeline) pressure difference and height difference data；Based on above-mentioned gathered data, nature is calculated using formula (1)
The friction pressure drop that each section of circulation loop, such as certain loop for being divided into 5 sections are restarted simulated experiment in Natural Circulation stagnation and rubbed initial stage
Wipe pressure drop Δ pfRespectively 5kPa, 120kPa, 60kPa, 12kPa and 1kPa, total friction pressure drop are 198kPa, now circuit flow velocity
For 0.5m/s；0.02m/s is dropped to through flow velocity after a period of time, flowmeter can not monitor, now friction pressure drop Δ pfRespectively
For 15Pa, 186Pa, 85Pa, 18Pa and 2Pa, total friction pressure drop is 306Pa；Δpf/ Δ p=0.155%<η 1=0.2%, can
Judge that Natural Circulation is stagnated；Again through after a period of time, total friction pressure drop rises to 2.1kPa, Δ pf/ Δs p=1.1%>η2
=1%, it can determine that Natural Circulation starts again.
Fig. 5 illustrates a kind of reactor analogue body of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, the nuclear mockup body
Include upper cover 31, pressure housing stage casing 32, pressure housing hypomere 33 and low head 34, the upper cover 31 successively from top to bottom
Pressure housing stage casing 32 is connected, the pressure housing stage casing 32 connects pressure housing hypomere 33, and the pressure housing hypomere 33 connects
Low head 34 is connect, stage casing cylinder 35 and bellows 36 are set in the pressure housing stage casing 32, the lower end of stage casing cylinder 35 connects
Connect bellows 36；Stage casing is defined between the inwall and the outer wall of stage casing cylinder 35, ripple pipe outer wall in the pressure housing stage casing 32
Cavity 313.
Hypomere cylinder 37 is set in pressure housing hypomere 33；Reactor core analogue body 38 is set in hypomere cylinder 37；The pressure
Housing stage casing 32 sets intake channel 311, sets exit passageway 312 on the stage casing cylinder 35, the exit passageway 312 extends
To outside the outer wall in pressure housing stage casing 32；The reactor core analogue body 38 includes electrical heating elements 314；
Fluid is flowed into by intake channel 311, after flowing through stage casing cavity 313, into hypomere cylinder 37, flows through reactor core analogue body
38 and heat, after pass sequentially through bellows 36 and stage casing cylinder 35, finally flowed out through exit passageway.
In order to be applicable test requirements document above, described intake channel 311 and exit passageway can set two, right respectively
Answer steam generator 37 and 38.
Preferably, fluid is deionized water.
Preferably, between the upper cover 31 and pressure housing stage casing 32, under pressure housing stage casing 32 and pressure housing
Connected between section 33 and between pressure housing hypomere 33 and low head 34 by flange.
Upper cover 31, pressure housing stage casing 32, pressure housing hypomere 33 and the low head 34 of the present invention can dismantle progress
Replace, such as pressure housing stage casing and pressure housing hypomere height adjustable to realize the demand of different flow channel lengths；Stage casing cylinder, ripple
Line pipe, hypomere cylinder internal-and external diameter is adjustable to realize the demand of different reactor core circulation areas.Therefore it is easy to simulate the core of different operating modes
Reaction.
Preferably, the pressure housing stage casing 32, pressure housing hypomere 33 are circular configuration, described stage casing cylinder 35
With pressure housing stage casing 32 on cross section be concentric circles structure；Described pressure housing hypomere 33 and hypomere cylinder 37 are also
It is the structure of concentric circles on cross section.
Preferably, the outer wall of hypomere cylinder 37 is circular cross-section, inwall is square-section.Preferably square section.It is logical
It is square structure to cross setting inwall, is easy to the distribution of electrical heating elements, ensures homogeneous heating.
Preferably, hypomere cylinder 37 sets demarcation strip along above-below direction.By setting demarcation strip so that the stream of fluid
Journey is divided at least two parts.Fluid first flows from the top down in hypomere cylinder in side, then enters back into opposite side from lower past
Upper flowing, or fluid is first flowed from top to bottom from outside, then flowed from the bottom up from centre.As shown in Figure 3.
Preferably, the reactor core analogue body 38 includes electrical heating elements.
Preferably, electrical heating elements are multigroup, multigroup electrical heating elements are connected by the way of series connection, electrical heating
Inter-module is connected by conductive copper wire.
Quantity and the single electrical heating elements of the group number of electrical heating elements and every group of electrical heating elements in reactor core analogue body
External diameter it is adjustable to meet different surfaces heat flow density demand.
Preferably, along the flow direction of fluid, the electrical heating power W of electrical heating elements unit length is arranged to flow
Body flow path S function, wherein S are the length into reactor core analogue body entrance, i.e. W=F (S), F ' (S) apart from fluid>0,
Wherein F ' (S) is F (S) first order derivative.
The change of above-mentioned electrical heating power, actually along on the flow direction of fluid, the electricity of unit length adds
Thermal power gradually rises.Changed by the rule of above-mentioned electrical heating power, can be the heat exchange efficiency for greatly improving fluid, lead to
Cross experiment to find, under identical general power, it is possible to increase 15% or so heat exchange efficiency.By theory analysis, find to use
Above-mentioned rule change, similar to the countercurrent flow in heat exchanger.
Preferably, F " (S)>0, wherein F " (S) is F (S) second derivative.Along on the flow direction of fluid, unit
The amplitude that the electrical heating power of length gradually rises is increasing.It is found through experiments that, under identical general power, above-mentioned sets
Put can improve 8% or so heat absorption efficiency.
Preferably, fluid is S in the total path length that reactor core analogue body 38 flowsAlways, fluid is in the outlet of reactor core analogue body
The electrical heating power of the unit length of position is WAfterwards, then fluid enter reactor core analogue body entrance length s at unit length
Heating power be w=WAfterwards*(s/S)a, wherein a is coefficient, 1.23<a<1.34.
Above-mentioned relation is obtained by substantial amounts of numerical simulation and its experiment, is tested by largely testing
Card.Power distribution is carried out by above-mentioned relation, enables to the heat absorption of fluid to reach optimal effect.
Preferably, 1.28<a<1.30.
Preferably, as s/S increases, a is gradually reduced.
Preferably, the reactor core analogue body 8 includes multigroup electrical heating elements, it is string between multigroup electrical heating elements
It is coupled structure.
As the embodiment for above heating law, preferably, the electrical heating elements are divided into multistage, edge
The flow direction of fluid, the heating power of different sections gradually increases.By the design of above-mentioned optimization, it is easy to process.
The electrical heating elements are by the way of resistance heating.
Preferably, the electrical heating elements are rod resistance.
Preferably, the electrical heating elements are resistance wire.
Preferably, the electrical heating elements are cascaded structure, the electrical heating elements (as preferably one or more
Rod resistance or one or more resistance wire) along the flow direction of fluid, the external diameter of electric heater unit is less and less, i.e.,
Electric heater unit is more and more thinner.By above-mentioned optimal design-aside, it is different to reach the heating power of electric heater unit diverse location, from
And improve electrically heated efficiency.
Preferably, along the flow direction of fluid, the amplitude that electric heater unit external diameter diminishes is increasing.
Change by using external diameter, the heating power for reaching electric heater unit diverse location is different.
Preferably, the outer shape of electrical heating elements is parabolical shape.
Preferably, the evaporator generator analogue body 5 is a kind of heat exchanger, the heat exchanger includes housing and setting
Heating surface bank 51 in housing, the heating surface bank 51 are placed in the vertical direction.It is described from reactor analogue body 2 come out
Fluid enters heating surface bank 51.Steam is formed by the water in the heated shell of heating surface bank 51.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the metallic rod 5-1 that the outer wall of the heating surface bank 5 extends to bottom, the metallic rod
5-1 ends are pointed structures 5-1-1.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the included angle A of the metallic rod 5-1 and the outside wall surface of heating surface bank 5 is 30-60 degree, enter
One step is preferably 40-45 degree.
It is pointed bar that the outside of heat exchanger tube 5, which sets end, on the one hand be able to can be destroyed in the flowing of biphase gas and liquid flow
Laminar sublayer, and increase heat transfer area and carry out augmentation of heat transfer, and because being bar, flow resistance is small, will not also increase shell side
Flow resistance, and by setting point, the bubble in biphase gas and liquid flow can be punctured, realize expand gas-liquid interface and
Gas phase boundary simultaneously strengthens disturbance.Therefore by setting pointed bar, the coefficient of heat transfer of tube side side is greatly improved.
Preferably, the metallic rod 5-1 is multiple, the function F (H) of metallic rod 3-1 distribution density M as height H,
That is M=F (H), on same root heat-exchanging tube bundle, F ' (H)>0, wherein F ' (H) are F (H) first order derivatives.I.e. along height side
To described metallic rod 3-1 distribution density is increasing.Because along the flow direction of fluid, the biphase gas and liquid flow on top
In gas it is also more and more, therefore multiple pointed metallic rod 3-1 are set by regular, can further improve heat exchange system
Number, save material.It is found through experiments that, metallic rod 3-1 distribution density is regularly set, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase 20% or so changes
The thermal efficiency, and 5% or so flow resistance can also be reduced.
Preferably, F " (H)>0, wherein F " (H) is F (H) second derivative.I.e. along short transverse, described metal
The amplitude that bar 3-1 distribution density is increasing constantly increases.Find in an experiment, the growth of gas is not with range line
The growth of type, and in the growth of increase formula, therefore by setting above-mentioned rule to change, further improve heat exchange efficiency.
Preferably, metallic rod 5-1 include connection heat-exchanging tube bundle sloping portion 5-1-2 and with sloping portion 5-1-2 phases
Company and the parallel portion 5-1-3 parallel with heat-exchanging tube bundle.Described tip 5-1-1 is arranged on parallel portion 5-1-3 end.
By setting parallel portion 5-1-3, the flow direction of tip 5-1-1 straight cutting cooling fluids can be made, improve heat exchange
Effect.
Preferably, as shown in figure 8, the included angle A of the sloping portion 5-1-2 and heat-exchanging tube bundle tube wall is 45-70 degree,
Preferably 55-60 degree.
Pass through above-mentioned preferable angle so that in the case of resistance is less, realize good heat transfer effect.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.Any art technology
Personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it can make various changes or modifications, therefore protection scope of the present invention should
It is defined when by claim limited range.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of stagnated using reactor simulation system progress reactor Natural Circulation restarts analogue experiment method, the reaction
Heap simulation system include voltage-stablizer, reactor analogue body, reactor core simulating piece, main pipeline imported valve, steam generator analogue body,
Steam generator analogue body cooling system, main pump and main pipeline outlet valve, the voltage-stablizer coupled reaction heap analogue body, reactor core
Simulating piece is arranged in reactor analogue body, described reactor analogue body, main pipeline imported valve, steam generator simulation
Body, steam generator analogue body cooling system, main pump and main pipeline outlet valve are sequentially connected, and form a circulation loop system
System；
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Step 1：Initial working condition simulation method, solves the problem of modelling of experiment primary condition；
The specific implementation of step 1 is as follows：
Starting voltage-stablizer makes circulation loop boost, and opens main pipeline imported valve and main pipeline outlet valve, starts main pump, starts
Reactor core simulating piece, loop is set to continue to rise to thermal technology's operating mode of reactor shutdown zero moment；After stable certain time, master is closed down
Pump, the reactor core simulating piece switch to automatic control mode, from the first power analog reactor capability curve, put into steam generation
Device analogue body cooling water system, the gradual decrease temperature and pressure in loop, when reactor capability is down to the second power, gather now loop system
The thermal parameter of system, you can the initial operating mode for restarting simulated experiment is stagnated as Natural Circulation；
Step 2：Thermal source analogy method, solves the problem of modelling of experiment boundary condition；
The specific implementation of step 2 is as follows：
Reactor core simulating piece uses constant-resistance electric heating element, and the number of DC current is calculated according to the reactor capability of the first power
Value, similarly, reactor core simulating piece DC current curve can be calculated according to reactor capability curve, therefore control reactor core simulation
Part DC current can realize the high-precision analog of reactor capability, and initial working condition experimenting uses real-time Simulation, it is not necessary to anti-
The time shaft of heap power curve is answered to enter line translation；In follow-up Natural Circulation is stagnated and restarts simulated experiment, use is non real-time
Simulation, by entering time shaft of the line translation realization to reactor capability curve to the time shaft of reactor core simulating piece DC current curve
Conversion, thermal source simulation is carried out further according to the reactor capability curve after conversion；
Step 3：Natural Circulation, which is stagnated, restarts edge determination criterion, solves Natural Circulation and stagnates, restarts edge determination such as
The problem of any quantity；
The specific implementation of step 3 is as follows：
Natural Circulation stagnation restarts edge determination criterion and uses resistance decision criteria, specifically using following criterion：
Δpf=∑ (Δ p0,i+ΔρigΔHi) (1)
In formula：ΔpfFor loop friction pressure drop；Δp0, iFor the i-th section differential pressure transmitter indicating value；ΔρiFor the density in the i-th section
Difference, Δ ρi=ρ0, i-ρF, i, ρ0, iFor fluid density in the i-th section pressure guiding pipe, ρF, iFor the i-th section loop hot-fluid volume density；G is
Acceleration of gravity；ΔHiFor the i-th section differential pressure transmitter pressure guiding pipe both positive and negative polarity difference in height, Δ Hi=Hi+1-Hi, Hi+1For the i-th section
Pressure guiding pipe negative pole height, HiFor the i-th section pressure guiding pipe positive pole height；
In formula：Δ p is loop benchmark friction pressure drop, can use initial value；η1To stagnate aritical ratio value；η2To restart critical ratio
Example value；η1、η2Selection and loop characteristic with Δ p is relevant,
Specific decision method is as follows：If Δ pf/ Δ p value is down to η from higher value1Hereinafter, then judge that Natural Circulation is stagnated；If Δ pf/
Δ p value rises to η from smaller value2More than, then judge Natural Circulation restarting.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that after stablizing 30 minutes, close down main pump.
3. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that 10MW during the first power, the second power are 500kW.
4. the method as described in claim 1, η1=0.2%, η2=1%.
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