CN109682395B - Star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and system - Google Patents
Star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and a star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system. The star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method comprises the following steps: adjusting the star of the single-star simulator, and the like; controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and a preset motion to obtain star point centroid packet data; and obtaining the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the obtained star point centroid packet data in combination with the movement speed, the movement track and the field observation star data of the rotary table. According to the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and system, a single-star simulator is adopted for calculation, so that the data precision is greatly improved; meanwhile, the preset track is adopted to take the view field center and the view field edge of the star sensor into consideration, so that the noise equivalent angles in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be measured respectively; the turntable is controlled to move at different speeds to obtain a dynamic noise equivalent angle, and the accuracy and the reliability of the dynamic noise equivalent angle are greatly improved because a polynomial fitting method is used in a dynamic noise equivalent angle data analysis method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite control, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating a dynamic noise equivalent angle of a star sensor.
Background
The star sensor is used as a key component of a satellite attitude control system, and has very important significance for the evaluation of errors of the star sensor. The error of the star sensor comprises a low-frequency error and a noise equivalent angle. The low-frequency error is mainly caused by factors such as focal length, principal point coordinate deviation, lens distortion and the like, and can be measured and compensated through a calibration test. The noise equivalent angle is mainly caused by factors such as dark current noise, readout noise, electronic noise of a detector, fixed pattern noise, sensitivity nonuniformity, charge response nonuniformity, and the like, and can be divided into a static noise equivalent angle and a dynamic noise equivalent angle.
The existing star sensor noise equivalent angle evaluation method mainly comprises an outfield star observation method and a multi-star simulator evaluation method. The outfield star observation method uses a portable turntable and a data acquisition computer to continuously acquire star sensor attitude data and calculates to obtain the star sensor noise equivalent angle under different angular speeds. The multi-star simulator evaluation method simulates the star field by using the multi-star simulator and evaluates the noise equivalent angle of the star sensor. The two methods can well evaluate the static noise equivalent angle, but the evaluation of the dynamic noise equivalent angle has the following problems:
a) the precision of a portable turntable in the outfield star observation method is low and no fixed foundation is provided, so that the error of introduced equipment is large when the dynamic noise equivalent angle is evaluated;
b) the method for evaluating the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor by the outfield star observation method is greatly influenced by the environment: factors including atmospheric refraction, water vapor, stray light pollution, ground vibration and the like;
c) the multi-star simulator in the multi-star simulator evaluation method can not simulate real starry sky, and particularly has higher difficulty in optical simulation under dynamic conditions, so that the multi-star simulator method can only be used for evaluating the static noise equivalent angle of the star sensor, but can not be used for evaluating the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor.
Therefore, how to improve the evaluation accuracy of the dynamic noise equivalent angle becomes one of the problems to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for evaluating a dynamic noise equivalent angle of a star sensor, so as to effectively improve the evaluation accuracy of the dynamic noise equivalent angle.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for evaluating a dynamic noise equivalent angle of a star sensor, the method comprising: adjusting the star of the single-star simulator, and the like; controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and track to obtain star point centroid packet data; and obtaining the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the obtained star point centroid packet data in combination with the movement speed, the movement track and the outside field observation star data of the three-axis turntable.
In some embodiments, the step of adjusting stars and the like of the single-star simulator comprises: acquiring star observation data of the star sensor in an outfield; and adjusting the stars and the like of the single-star simulator based on the outfield star viewing data.
In some embodiments, the step of adjusting stars and the like of the single-star simulator based on the external view star data comprises:
vertically aligning the star sensors to the sky, and carrying out an outfield star observation test;
collecting a frame of star point centroid packet data, and counting star table ID numbers of all attitude determination stars;
searching a navigation star table according to the ID number of the star table to obtain star Mi of all attitude determination stars in the frame data;
when the number of attitude determination stars in the frame data is n, acquiring the average star of the attitude determination stars and the like;
and adjusting the star grade of the single-star simulator according to the obtained average star grade.
In some embodiments, the step of controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and trajectory comprises: arranging the star sensor on a three-axis turntable; and controlling the three-axis turntable to move along a preset track at a preset angular speed so as to cross the field.
In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the obtained star point centroid packet data and the external view star data comprises:
analyzing the acquired star point centroid packet data;
acquiring the average attitude determination star number of the star sensor according to the outfield sight star data;
and acquiring the equivalent angles of the noise of the star sensor under different angular speeds according to the analysis result of the star point centroid packet data, the acquired average attitude determination star number of the star sensor and the motion track and speed of the star sensor.
The invention also provides a star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system, wherein the star sensor is arranged on a three-axis turntable through a tool, and the system comprises:
the star grade adjusting equipment is used for adjusting the star grade of the single-star simulator;
the data acquisition equipment is used for controlling the three-axis turntable to move at a preset speed and track so as to acquire star point centroid packet data;
and the noise equivalent angle acquisition equipment is used for acquiring the noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the acquired star point centroid packet data in combination with the movement speed, the movement track and the outfield star viewing data of the three-axis turntable.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and system of the invention have the following advantages:
according to the evaluation method and the evaluation system, the single-satellite simulator is used for simulating, so that the precision of equipment is greatly improved; in addition, the method and the system of the invention obtain the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor through the star point centroid packet data, the turntable movement speed, the movement track and the outfield sight star data, thereby greatly improving the data precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive labor.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart diagram of one implementation of a star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation of the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the motion trajectory of the star sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle fitting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first," "second," "third," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising … …" or "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of additional elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element. Further, herein, "greater than," "less than," "more than," and the like are understood to exclude the present numbers; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are to be understood as including the number.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that describe several embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that mechanical, structural, electrical, and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments of the present invention is defined only by the claims of the issued patent. Spatially relative terms, such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "lower," "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein to facilitate describing one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4 by specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation manner of the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method may include:
step S10, adjusting the star of the single-star simulator, and the like;
step S20, controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and track to obtain star point centroid packet data;
and step S30, obtaining the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle according to the obtained star point centroid packet data and the combination of the three-axis turntable movement speed, the movement track and the outfield star observation data.
In this embodiment, the measurement experiment of the orientation elements in the star sensor is performed in an optical darkroom, and the data is acquired and resolved by using the star simulated light source, the two-dimensional turntable and the data acquisition and processing computer.
The evaluation method of this embodiment can be implemented by using an evaluation system as shown in fig. 2, and as shown in fig. 2, the evaluation system includes: the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system comprises: the device comprises a single-star simulator 1, a light source controller 2, a direct-current stabilized power supply 3, a star sensor 4, a three-axis turntable 5, a turntable control cabinet 6 and a test computer 7.
The light source controller adjusts the brightness of the output star points of the single star simulator; the star sensor is powered by a direct current stabilized power supply and is arranged on the three-axis turntable; testing and calculating to control the three-shaft turntable to move along a preset track through the turntable control cabinet; meanwhile, the test computer is connected with the star sensor through the RS422 serial port, and sends instructions to carry out various operations on the star sensor, and receives and processes data returned by the star sensor.
In this embodiment, the step S10: the method for adjusting the star of the single-star simulator comprises the following steps of: acquiring star observation data of the star sensor in an outfield; and adjusting the stars and the like of the single-star simulator based on the outfield star viewing data.
In a specific application, the step S10 may include:
a) and (5) carrying out an outfield star observation test, fixing the star sensor on a flat plate tool, and vertically aligning to the sky. The test computer is connected with the star sensor through a communication serial port, and the data of star point centroid data of the star sensor is automatically recorded;
b) intercepting a frame of star point centroid packet data, counting star table ID numbers of attitude determination stars, and searching a navigation star table according to the star table ID numbers to obtain star equal Mi of all attitude determination stars in the frame data;
c) setting the number of attitude determination stars in the frame data as n, solving the average star and other M of the attitude determination stars, and adopting the following calculation formula;
d) and adjusting the light source controller to enable the single-star simulator to output a star point star and the like as M.
In this embodiment, the step of controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and trajectory includes: arranging the star sensor on a three-axis turntable; and controlling the three-axis turntable to move along a preset track at a preset angular speed so as to cross the field.
Specifically, the star sensor is arranged on a three-axis turntable and initially aligned:
a) the star sensor is arranged on the rotary table, and the polarity of a measuring coordinate system of the star sensor is consistent with that of a coordinate system of the rotary table when the star sensor is arranged (the direction of an alpha axis of the rotary table is basically consistent with that of an x axis of the star sensor, and the direction of a beta axis of the rotary table is basically consistent with that of a y axis of the star sensor);
b) and connecting the star sensor test cable, and powering up the star sensor. Opening star sensor ground test software on a test computer, sending an instruction to enter a test mode, and collecting star point centroid coordinates (x0, y 0);
c) opening star sensor calibration software on a test computer, connecting a turntable control cabinet, and manually adjusting a star point centroid coordinate to be located at the center of a view field (if the size of an image surface of a star sensor detector is mxm, the star point centroid coordinate (x0, y0) of the center of the view field should satisfy m/2-1 to x0 to m/2+1 and m/2-1 to y0 to m/2+ 1);
d) the position of the turntable is cleared, and the turntable is at a relative zero position (alpha is 0, and beta is 0).
Then, controlling the turntable to move along a preset track at different angular velocities v to cross a view field, and recording star point centroid data packet data, wherein the movement track of the turntable is as shown in fig. 3:
a) opening star sensor ground test software on a test computer, sending an instruction to request a star point centroid data packet, and collecting and recording star point centroid coordinates (x, y);
b) setting the view field of the star sensor for reference as s multiplied by s square view field and the movement speed of the turntable as v;
c) controlling the rotary table to move along the horizontal direction, wherein the track (alpha, beta) of the rotary table is (s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2, - (s-1)/2), ((s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2, 0), ((s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2 and (s-1)/2);
d) controlling the rotary table to move along the vertical direction, wherein the track (alpha, beta) of the rotary table is three groups of (s-1)/2, - (s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2), (0, - (s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2, and ((s-1)/2, - (s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2);
e) adjusting the speed v of the rotary table, and repeating c), d) the track motion;
f) and (3) closing the star sensor ground test software, powering off the star sensor, closing the test computer, the single-star simulator and the turntable control cabinet, and ending the test.
In this embodiment, the step of acquiring the noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the acquired star point centroid packet data and the external view star data includes:
analyzing the acquired star point centroid packet data;
acquiring the average attitude determination star number of the star sensor according to the outfield sight star data;
and acquiring the noise equivalent angle of the star sensor under different angles according to the analysis result of the star point centroid packet data, the acquired average attitude determination star number of the star sensor and the motion track of the star sensor.
Specifically, the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle data processing method comprises the following steps:
a) carrying out statistical calculation to obtain the average attitude determination star number N of the star sensor during the star viewing test in the field;
b) as shown in FIG. 4, a set of data with a turntable track of (- (s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2, 0) is taken, and a first-order polynomial fitting is performed on a y coordinate by taking an x coordinate as an input to obtain a fitting curve y of yr;
yr=kx+b
c) Mixing y with yrMaking a difference to obtain yc;
yc=y-yr
d) For ycSolving for the radius R of 3 sigma (3 times standard deviation) as confidence intervalyc_0;
e) Taking two groups of data with the track of the turntable being ((s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2, - (s-1)/2), ((s-1)/2 to (s-1)/2, (s-1)/2), and obtaining R according to the steps b) to d)yc_-(s-1)/2And Ryc_(s-1)/2
f) Averaging the three groups of data to obtain a single star noise equivalent angle NEA-single of the y axis;
h) three sets of data, α ═ s-1)/2, α ═ 0, and α ═ s-1)/2, were taken, and the X axis NEA was obtained in steps b) to g).
The invention also provides a star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system, wherein the star sensor is arranged on a three-axis turntable through a tool, and the system comprises:
the star grade adjusting equipment is used for adjusting the star grade of the single-star simulator;
the data acquisition equipment is used for controlling the three-axis turntable to move at a preset speed and track so as to acquire star point centroid packet data;
and the noise equivalent angle acquisition equipment is used for acquiring the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the acquired star point centroid packet data in combination with the movement speed, the movement track and the outfield star viewing data of the three-axis turntable.
In the embodiment, the measurement experiment of the azimuth elements in the star sensor is carried out in an optical darkroom, and the data is acquired and resolved by using the fixed star simulated light source and the two-dimensional turntable in cooperation with the data acquisition and processing computer. As shown in fig. 2, the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system includes: the device comprises a single-star simulator 1, a light source controller 2, a direct-current stabilized power supply 3, a star sensor 4, a three-axis turntable 5, a turntable control cabinet 6 and a test computer 7. The light source controller adjusts the brightness of the output star points of the single star simulator; the star sensor is powered by a direct current stabilized power supply and is arranged on the three-axis turntable; testing and calculating to control the three-shaft turntable to move along a preset track through the turntable control cabinet; meanwhile, the test computer is connected with the star sensor through the RS422 serial port, and sends instructions to carry out various operations on the star sensor, and receives and processes data returned by the star sensor.
The working principle of the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system of the embodiment can refer to the foregoing detailed description of the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method, and is not described herein again.
In the embodiment, the star and the like of the single-star simulator are calculated by an external field observer, and the brightness of star points used in the test conforms to the actual astronomical conditions; moreover, a single-star simulator is used for replacing a multi-star simulator for testing, and the equipment precision of the single-star simulator is greatly higher than that of the multi-star simulator; furthermore, a three-axis precision turntable used in a laboratory is provided with an independent foundation, and the precision of the turntable is obviously superior to that of a portable field star observation turntable; in addition, the preset track gives consideration to the center and the edge of the view field of the star sensor, and the equivalent angles of the dynamic noise in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be measured respectively; finally, the dynamic noise equivalent angle data analysis method can reduce errors introduced by oblique movement of the rotary table by using a polynomial fitting method.
Compared with the prior art, the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system have the following advantages:
according to the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method and system, a single-star simulator is adopted for calculation, so that the data precision is greatly improved; meanwhile, the preset track is adopted to take account of the center and the edge of the field of view of the star sensor, so that the equivalent angles of the dynamic noise in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be measured respectively; and the dynamic noise equivalent angle data analysis method uses a polynomial fitting method, so that the precision and the reliability of the method are greatly improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the above-described embodiments may be provided as a method, apparatus, or computer program product. These embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. All or part of the steps in the methods according to the embodiments may be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, where the program may be stored in a storage medium readable by a computer device and used to execute all or part of the steps in the methods according to the embodiments.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, species, and/or groups thereof. The terms "or" and/or "as used herein are to be construed as inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Thus, "A, B or C" or "A, B and/or C" means "any of the following: a; b; c; a and B; a and C; b and C; A. b and C ". An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some way.
The various embodiments described above are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a computer apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle assessment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adjusting the star of the single-star simulator, and the like;
controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and track to obtain star point centroid packet data;
according to the acquired star point centroid packet data, combining the three-axis turntable movement speed, the movement track and the outside field observation star data, acquiring the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle, specifically:
analyzing the acquired star point centroid packet data;
acquiring the average attitude determination star number N of the star sensor according to the outfield sight star data;
and acquiring the noise equivalent angle of the star sensor at different angular speeds according to the analysis result of the star point centroid packet data, the acquired star number of the star sensor in the average attitude determination and the movement speed and track of the rotary table:
s1, setting the view field of the star sensor to be a square view field of S multiplied by S, taking a group of data with the three-axis turntable track of (S-1)/2 to (S-1)/2, 0), and carrying out first-order polynomial fitting on the y coordinate by taking the x coordinate as inputObtaining a fitting curve y of yr;
yr=kx+b
S2, mixing y with yrMaking a difference to obtain yc;
yc=y-yr
S3, for ycSolving for a radius R of 3 sigma as a confidence intervalyc_0(ii) a 3 σ represents 3 times the standard deviation;
s4, taking two groups of data with the three-axis turntable track of (-S-1)/2 to (S-1)/2, - (S-1)/2), ((S-1)/2 to (S-1)/2, (S-1)/2), and obtaining R according to the method of S1-S3yc_-(s-1)/2And Ryc_(s-1)/2;
S5, to Ryc_0、Ryc_-(s-1)/2And Ryc_(s-1)/2Averaging to obtain a single star noise equivalent angle NEA-single of the y axis;
s6, dividing the equivalent angle NEA-single of the single star noise to the y-axis byObtaining a dynamic noise equivalent angle of a y axis;
and S7, taking three groups of data of which the x-axis data of the three-axis turntable track are- (S-1)/2, 0 and (S-1)/2 respectively, and obtaining the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the x-axis according to the methods from S1 to S6.
2. The method for estimating the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the star of the single-star simulator comprises: acquiring star observation data of the star sensor in an outfield; and adjusting the stars and the like of the single-star simulator based on the outfield star viewing data.
3. The star sensor dynamic noise equivalence angle assessment method according to claim 2, wherein the step of adjusting the stars and the like of the single star simulator based on the outfield star viewing data comprises:
vertically aligning the star sensors to the sky, and carrying out an outfield star observation test;
collecting a frame of star point centroid packet data, and counting star table ID numbers of all attitude determination stars;
searching a navigation star table according to the ID number of the star table to obtain star Mi of all attitude determination stars in the frame data;
when the number of attitude determination stars in the frame data is n, acquiring the average star of the attitude determination stars and the like;
and adjusting the star grade of the single-star simulator according to the obtained average star grade.
4. The method for estimating the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the star sensor to move at a preset speed and trajectory comprises:
installing the star sensor on a three-axis turntable through a tool;
and controlling the three-axis turntable to move along a preset track at a preset angular speed so as to cross the visual field.
5. A star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system for realizing the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the star sensor is mounted on a three-axis turntable through a tool, and the star sensor dynamic noise equivalent angle evaluation system is characterized by comprising:
the star grade adjusting equipment is used for adjusting the star grade of the single-star simulator;
the data acquisition equipment is used for controlling the three-axis turntable to move at a preset speed and track so as to acquire star point centroid packet data;
and the noise equivalent angle acquisition equipment is used for acquiring the dynamic noise equivalent angle of the star sensor according to the acquired star point centroid packet data in combination with the movement speed, the movement track and the outfield star observation data of the three-axis turntable.
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CN105547327B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-10-30 | 上海新跃仪表厂 | A kind of precision of star sensor test method based on space conversion |
CN106767902B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2020-01-03 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Star sensor principal point measuring device and method thereof |
CN107860398B (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-05-12 | 上海航天控制技术研究所 | Determination method of star point centroid coordinates |
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