CN109677038B - Ultra-wideband wave absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband wave absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property and a preparation method thereof. The outer surface layer of the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure is provided with an electric loss type high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing structure with heat-insulating property by adopting a periodic structure design, so that high-frequency electromagnetic waves are effectively absorbed, insulated and cooled, the lower working temperature of the bottom layer magnetic wave-absorbing material is ensured, the stealth property of the bottom layer magnetic wave-absorbing material is basically unchanged, and the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with the temperature-resistant property and the mechanical property is finally obtained. The radar stealth problem of high-temperature strong scattering components such as an air inlet channel of a high-speed aircraft under the severe pneumatic heating condition can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of stealth of high-speed aircrafts, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The severe pneumatic heating generated under the condition of high-speed flight can cause the ambient temperature of high-temperature parts such as an air inlet of a high-speed aircraft to exceed 600 ℃ and reach 1400 ℃ at most. Stealth is an important index of future high-speed aircrafts, strong scattering components such as air inlets and the like of the high-speed aircrafts are important components of a power system, the shapes of the strong scattering components depend on the integrated requirements of the whole, power and pneumatics, the application of the shape stealth technology is greatly limited, and high-temperature stealth materials and the structural technology are the most important and effective technical ways for inhibiting the strong scattering of radar.
In an air defense and anti-pilot integrated early warning interception and striking system, a remote early warning system (working in a P or L, S waveband) generally adopts a low-frequency-band radar to discover and track a target in a long distance, so that enough early warning time is provided for a multi-level three-dimensional defense system, and other intercepted weapons can be guided to strike. Therefore, the remote early warning detection system, including the low-frequency (P-band, L-band) radar of the early warning machine and the remote warning radar (P-band, L-band), becomes an important threat in the whole-course defense process of the aircraft. Therefore, the ultra-wideband high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing structure technology compatible with the early-warning radar and the detection guidance radar (compatible with the P wave band to the X wave band, 0.5GHz-12 GHz: 24 frequency doubling) is urgently needed to be developed so as to improve the stealth performance of the aircraft.
For magnetic loss materials, demagnetization can occur in a high-temperature environment, so that the high-temperature wave-absorbing performance is greatly attenuated and cannot be applied; for an electrical loss wave-absorbing material which can be applied to a high-temperature environment, the dielectric constant of the material must have a good frequency dispersion characteristic to realize a broadband wave-absorbing function, while the existing material hardly meets the design requirements, and even the electrical loss type high-temperature resistant wave-absorbing material designed by multilayer impedance matching is difficult to obtain the wave-absorbing performance lower than 2GHz, so that the ultra-broadband wave-absorbing structure is urgently required to be developed to meet the use requirements of a high-speed aircraft.
The excellent ultralow frequency wave-absorbing performance of the magnetic wave-absorbing material is expected to be fully exerted by reducing the environmental use temperature through the heat-insulating material: chinese patent "a preparation method of a double-layer high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating wave-absorbing composite material" (publication number: CN106810284A) discloses a preparation method of a double-layer high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating wave-absorbing composite material, which has the disadvantages that an epoxy resin material coated on the surface of a matrix cannot adapt to a high-temperature environment with the temperature of more than 500 ℃; chinese patent publication No. CN107745557A discloses an integrated structural material for heat prevention and insulation/wave absorption and a preparation method thereof, wherein on the basis of meeting the original ablation and heat prevention performance, better electromagnetic wave absorption performance is realized in a S, C, X frequency band, the defect is that matrix resin belongs to an ablation heat insulation material layer, the wave absorption performance of the wave absorption structure after ablation is greatly attenuated, Chinese patent publication No. CN107555940A discloses a broadband wave absorption heat prevention and insulation stealth composite material based on a double-layer high-temperature-resistant metamaterial and a preparation method thereof, the reflectivity of the composite material can realize-10 dB @4-18GHz or-8 dB @2-18GHz, the defect is that the excellent wave-absorbing performance of the electric loss type wave-absorbing material and the electric loss type metamaterial is difficult to obtain below 2 GHz. In conclusion, the current researches on compatibility of temperature resistance and electromagnetic stealth mainly focus on resin type and electric loss type wave absorbing agents, and the ultra-wideband wave absorbing problem is difficult to solve, particularly the electromagnetic wave absorbing performance below 2 GHz.
Aiming at the defects and the application requirements, the invention discloses an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure technology compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property, and provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing structure, aiming at solving the ultra-wideband stealth problem under 0.5GHz-12 GHz.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects that the conventional wave-absorbing structure stealth scheme cannot be applied to a high-speed flight environment and the ultralow-frequency stealth performance of an electric loss type high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing material or metamaterial is poor, the invention provides an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure which can be compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property in the high-speed flight environment. The inventor provides an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structural scheme that a surface layer is a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating electric loss type wave-absorbing material and a bottom layer is a low-temperature-resistant magnetic wave-absorbing material: the electric loss type periodic structure layer is used as a wave absorbing agent, and the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating electric loss type wave absorbing material has excellent high-frequency wave absorbing performance through optimized design; the magnetic wave-absorbing material is placed at the bottom of the wave-absorbing heat-insulating layer to increase the ultralow-frequency stealth performance of the wave-absorbing heat-insulating layer, and the magnetic wave-absorbing composite material or the magnetic wave-absorbing patch can be selected according to the temperature of the material after the heat-insulating material is applied; and an electromagnetic shielding layer is added at the bottom of the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer to improve the resonance loss and the reflection performance of the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer to electromagnetic waves. The invisible materials with multiple performances such as the electric loss type and the magnetic wave-absorbing materials and the like and different temperature resistances are comprehensively applied, the problems of low-frequency invisibility of the electric loss type wave-absorbing structure, insufficient temperature resistance of the magnetic wave-absorbing materials and the like are effectively solved, and the potential of the existing materials is exerted to a greater extent.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the core of the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with high temperature resistance is that the temperature resistance and wave-absorbing performance of the electric loss type and magnetic wave-absorbing materials are comprehensively optimized, and finally the ultra-wideband high-temperature wave-absorbing structure is obtained. The surface layer of the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure is provided with an electric loss type high-temperature resistant wave-absorbing structure with heat-insulating property through a periodic structure design, so that the effects of effective absorption of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and heat insulation and cooling are realized, the bottom surface magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is ensured to be at a lower working temperature, the stealth property of the bottom surface magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is ensured to be basically unchanged, the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure is finally obtained, the structure has excellent heat-insulating property and mechanical property, and a large-scale component can be prepared.
The ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with the heat-insulating property and the mechanical property comprises an inorganic oxidation-resistant layer, a ceramic-based composite material layer, an aerogel layer, a periodic structure layer, a ceramic-based composite material layer, a magnetic wave-absorbing material layer, an electromagnetic shielding layer and the like from outside to inside.
The inorganic oxidation-resistant layer is made of glass or mullite, and can solve the problems of oxidation and ablation of the wave-absorbing material in a high-temperature environment.
The ceramic matrix composite layer is composed of a wave-transparent high-temperature-resistant ceramic matrix composite material, is used for heat prevention and integrity guarantee of the heat insulation layer, and is bonded with the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer, so that the problem that the strength and the bonding performance of the aerogel-type heat insulation material are poor and insufficient is solved.
The electric loss type wave-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated layer is mainly used as a heat-proof/heat-insulating layer of a wave-absorbing structure, and meanwhile, a thickness space is provided for the design of a broadband wave-absorbing structure by utilizing the excellent dielectric property of the electric loss type wave-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated layer, and the electric loss type wave-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated layer is mainly a ceramic fiber reinforced high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing heat-insulating layer. The wave absorbing agent is an electric loss type periodic structure and is arranged in the heat insulation material. In the electric loss type wave-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated layer, the heat-insulating material can be fiber reinforced Al2O3Aerogel material and fiber-reinforced SiO2Aerogel material and fiber-reinforced Al2O3-SiO2One or more wave-transparent composites of aerogel materials or fiber-reinforced SiCO aerogel materials; the electromagnetic property of the electric loss type wave-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated layer composite material changes along with the specific index requirements of heat-insulating property, wave-absorbing frequency band and thickness.
The magnetic wave absorbing material layer is a ceramic matrix composite material, a resin matrix composite material or a magnetic wave absorbing patch, and the magnetic wave absorbing agent is one or more of Fe, Co and Ni powder or metal alloy powder containing Fe, Co and Ni, and can be prepared by a precursor impregnation cracking process, an impregnation curing process or a mixing vulcanization process respectively.
The electromagnetic shielding layer is made of carbon fiber or silicon carbide fiber reinforced composite material with high conductivity, and plays a role in electromagnetic shielding of the reflecting substrate.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing electromagnetic shielding layer
Selecting two-dimensional laminated shielding SiC fiber (the real part of dielectric constant is more than 20) or carbon fiber (the conductivity is more than 2000S/m) as an electromagnetic shielding layer preform, preparing a rough blank by adopting a fiber impregnation cracking process (PIP), and obtaining the electromagnetic shielding layer by machining after a braided part has enough strength and toughness.
The second step is that: preparing magnetic wave-absorbing material layer
The magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, and the ceramic fiber comprises mullite fiber and SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4The method comprises the steps of adding a magnetic wave-absorbing material into a ceramic precursor body, uniformly stirring, weaving one of the wave-transmitting fibers to obtain a fiber preform, and preparing a magnetic wave-absorbing material layer with the thickness of 0.3-3 mm by a precursor body impregnation cracking process, wherein the fiber or SiC fiber and other wave-transmitting ceramic fibers are fibers or SiC fibers. And preparing periodic prefabricated holes on the composite material through a machining process, so that the composite material can be conveniently sewn with a heat insulation material at a later stage;
the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, and the ceramic fiber comprises mullite fiber and SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4The method comprises the steps of adding a magnetic wave-absorbing material into wave-transparent ceramic fibers such as fibers or SiC fibers, uniformly stirring, weaving one of the wave-transparent fibers to obtain a fiber preform, and preparing a magnetic wave-absorbing material layer with a thickness of 0.3mm to E3mm；
The magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a wave-absorbing patch, rubber and a magnetic wave-absorbing material are poured into an open mill for mixing uniformly, a calender is adopted to press the mixture into a wave-absorbing layer raw rubber sheet with a certain thickness at a certain temperature, the raw rubber sheet is cut into a designed shape and is placed into a die, and the die is closed and then heated and vulcanized to obtain the required magnetic wave-absorbing material patch.
The third step: preparing ceramic matrix composite layer
The composite material layer is a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, and the ceramic fiber comprises mullite fiber and SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4Wave-transparent ceramic fibers such as fibers or SiC fibers, the ceramic matrix comprising Al2O3Ceramics, SiC ceramics, SiO2Glass ceramic, mullite or Si3N4A wave-transparent ceramic substrate such as ceramic. One of the wave-transparent fibers is selected to be woven to obtain a fiber preform, and the composite material is prepared by a precursor impregnation cracking process, wherein the thickness of the composite material is 0.5 mm-3 mm. And periodic prefabricated holes are prepared in the composite material through a machining process, so that the composite material can be conveniently sewn with a heat insulation material at a later stage.
The fourth step: preparation of aerogel layer
The aerogel layer is selected from a fiber reinforced aerogel composite, and the type of the fiber reinforced aerogel composite can be selected according to the use temperature: selection of fibre-reinforced SiO at temperatures above 600 DEG C2Aerogel material, fiber reinforced SiO selectively modified at temperature above 800 deg.C2Aerogel materials or fiber reinforced Al2O3Aerogel material, fiber reinforced Al is selected when the temperature is higher than 1000 DEG C2O3Aerogel material or fiber reinforced SiCO aerogel material machined to achieve a thermal barrier layer of a specified thickness.
The fifth step: preparing periodic structure layer
Firstly, the relative contents of the wave absorbing agent, the glass powder and the organic solvent are regulated and controlled to prepare the high-temperature resistant conductive slurry with different resistivity. The inorganic transmission wave type fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material with the thickness of 0.3-1mm is prepared by adopting a precursor impregnation cracking method, the prepared electric loss type high-temperature resistant slurry is printed on the surface of the inorganic transmission wave type fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material by adopting a screen printing process to obtain a resistance type periodic structure layer, and the wider-frequency wave absorbing performance can be obtained by selecting 2 periodic structure wave absorbing layers. And periodic prefabricated holes are prepared in the composite material through a machining process, so that the composite material can be conveniently sewn with a heat insulation material at a later stage.
And a sixth step: ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property
The ceramic matrix composite layer, the aerogel layer, the periodic structure layer, the magnetic wave-absorbing ceramic matrix composite layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer are sequentially stacked, wave-transmitting ceramic fibers are adopted to be punctured and sewn into a whole according to prefabricated holes, then a plurality of periodic conventional ceramic precursor dipping and cracking processes are carried out to carry out densification treatment, and finally, precise machining is carried out to obtain the ultra-wideband heat-insulation-proof stealth composite material. The wave-transparent ceramic fiber can be one of wave-transparent ceramic fibers such as quartz fiber and alumina fiber; spraying a glass layer or a mullite layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.5mm on the surface of the wave-absorbing structure by adopting a plasma spraying technology;
the ceramic matrix composite layer, the aerogel layer, the periodic structure layer and the ceramic matrix composite layer are sequentially stacked and placed, wave-transparent ceramic fibers are adopted to puncture and sew the ceramic matrix composite layer into a whole according to prefabricated holes, then a plurality of periodic conventional ceramic precursor impregnation cracking processes are carried out to carry out densification treatment, and finally, precise machining is carried out, so that the ultra-wideband heat-insulation stealth composite material is obtained. The wave-transparent ceramic fiber can be quartz fiber, alumina fiber, etc.; and spraying a glass layer or a mullite layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.5mm on the surface of the wave-absorbing structure by adopting a plasma spraying technology. The fiber-reinforced magnetic loss type resin-based composite material, the heat-insulation stealth integrated layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer are bonded together by adopting high-temperature-resistant silicon rubber, the shear strength of the fiber-reinforced magnetic loss type resin-based composite material is higher than 4MPa so as to ensure the bonding strength of the fiber-reinforced magnetic loss type resin-based composite material and the heat-insulation stealth integrated layer, and the preparation of the ultra-wideband heat-insulation stealth composite material is realized.
The ceramic matrix composite layer, the aerogel layer, the periodic structure layer and the ceramic matrix composite layer are sequentially stacked and placed, wave-transparent ceramic fibers are adopted to puncture and sew the ceramic matrix composite layer into a whole according to prefabricated holes, then a plurality of periodic conventional ceramic precursor impregnation cracking processes are carried out to carry out densification treatment, and finally, precise machining is carried out, so that the ultra-wideband heat-insulation stealth composite material is obtained. The wave-transparent ceramic fiber can be quartz fiber, alumina fiber, etc.; and spraying a glass layer or a mullite layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.5mm on the surface of the wave-absorbing structure by adopting a plasma spraying technology. The magnetic wave-absorbing material patch, the heat-insulation stealth integrated layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer are bonded together by adopting high-temperature-resistant silicon rubber, the shear strength of the magnetic wave-absorbing material patch is higher than 4MPa so as to ensure the bonding strength of the magnetic wave-absorbing material patch and the heat-insulation stealth integrated layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer, and the preparation of the ultra-wideband heat-insulation stealth preventing composite material is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that
The use temperature of the magnetic wave-absorbing material at the bottom layer of the wave-absorbing structure is reduced to be lower than the Curie temperature of the magnetic wave-absorbing material by adopting heat insulating materials, and the low-temperature-resistant magnetic wave-absorbing material and the high-temperature-resistant electric loss type wave-absorbing material are organically combined together, so that the bottleneck problem of poor ultralow-frequency wave-absorbing effect of the high-temperature wave-absorbing material is effectively solved, and the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property is finally obtained.
The ultra-wideband wave absorbing structure compatible with the temperature resistance and the mechanical property has the advantages of high working temperature, strong designability, compatibility with a magnetic wave absorbing material with low temperature resistance and an electrical loss type wave absorbing material with high temperature resistance, and the like, can solve the ultra-wideband stealth problem compatible with the temperature resistance and the mechanical property, and is expected to solve the radar stealth problem of high-temperature strong scattering components such as an air inlet channel of a high-speed aircraft and the like under severe pneumatic heating conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure based on a periodic structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure based on a periodic structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure based on a periodic structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structural unit pattern.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The first step is as follows: preparing electromagnetic shielding layer
Selecting two-dimensional laminated shielding SiC fibers (the real part of dielectric constant is more than 20) as an electromagnetic shielding layer prefabricated body, preparing a rough blank by adopting a fiber impregnation cracking process (PIP), and obtaining the electromagnetic shielding layer by machining after a braided part has enough strength and toughness.
The second step is that: preparing magnetic wave-absorbing patch layer
Pouring vulcanized polyurethane rubber and micron magnetic iron powder (60 wt.%) into an open mill, uniformly mixing, pressing the mixture into a wave-absorbing layer raw rubber sheet with the thickness of 0.3-3 mm by using a calender at the mixing temperature of 25-60 ℃, cutting the raw rubber sheet into a designed shape, putting the raw rubber sheet into a mold, heating and vulcanizing the raw rubber sheet after closing the mold to obtain the required magnetic wave-absorbing patch material, wherein the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the magnetic wave-absorbing patch material are respectively about 25 and 0.5, and the magnetic conductivity and the magnetic loss of the magnetic wave-absorbing patch material are respectively about 8 and 0.4.
The third step: preparing ceramic matrix composite layer
The ceramic matrix composite material adopts quartz fiber to reinforce SiO2The ceramic matrix composite material is prepared by weaving quartz fiber to obtain a fiber preform with the thickness of 1.5mm, and performing composite material densification by adopting a solvent-gel process for multiple times to finally obtain the ceramic matrix composite material with the density of about 1.7g/cm3. And preparing periodic prefabricated holes through a machining process, so that the prefabricated holes can be conveniently sewn with a heat insulation material at a later stage, wherein the distance between the prefabricated holes is 20mm, and the aperture of each prefabricated hole is about 2 mm.
The fourth step: preparation of aerogel layer and periodic Structure layer
Selection of fibre-reinforced Al2O3Aerogel materials are respectively processed into heat insulation materials with the thicknesses of 9mm, 5mm and 12mm to serve as heat insulation layers, and a precursor impregnation pyrolysis method is adopted to prepare wave-transparent Al with the thickness of 0.5mm2O3Fiber reinforced Al2O3Printing the prepared electric loss type high temperature resistant slurry on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite material by adopting a screen printing process to obtain an electric loss type periodic structure wave-absorbing layer, wherein the resistance values of the conductive slurry are about 90 omega/□, and the periodic structure isCircular, 14mm and 20mm in diameter, respectively. Prefabricated holes with the same period and aperture as those of the composite material are respectively prepared on the heat insulation layer and the periodic structure wave-absorbing layer through a machining process, so that sewing is facilitated.
The fifth step: broadband heat-insulation stealth composite material
Sequentially laminating the prefabricated member according to a surface composite material layer, a 9mm heat insulation material layer, a periodic structure layer, a 5mm heat insulation material layer, a periodic structure layer, a 12mm heat insulation material layer and a bottom surface composite material layer, and adopting Al2O3The fiber is sewed along the prefabricated hole position and then Al is adopted2O3And preparing a rough blank by a precursor and a dipping cracking process, and after the prefabricated member has enough strength and toughness, carrying out mechanical processing to obtain the wave-absorbing bearing integrated layer.
And a sixth step: preparation of inorganic anti-oxidation layer
And spraying a glass layer with the thickness of 0.1mm on the surface of the electromagnetic shielding layer by adopting a plasma spraying technology.
The seventh step: ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property
The high-temperature-resistant silicon rubber is adopted to bond the magnetic wave-absorbing material patch with the heat-insulating stealth integrated layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer together, and the shearing strength is required to be higher than 4MPa so as to ensure the bonding strength of the magnetic wave-absorbing material patch and the heat-insulating stealth integrated layer. The wave-absorbing structure has excellent wave-absorbing performance under 0.5-12 GHz.
Example 2
The first step is as follows: preparing electromagnetic shielding layer
Two-dimensional laminated T300 carbon fibers (the conductivity is about 40000S/m) are selected as an electromagnetic shielding layer prefabricated body, and after the braided piece has enough strength and toughness, the electromagnetic shielding layer is obtained through machining.
The second step is that: precursor containing magnetic wave-absorbing agent
The method comprises the steps of taking micron magnetic iron-nickel alloy powder (75 wt.%) as an absorbent and silica sol as a solvent, and fully mixing the absorbent and the solvent by adopting mechanical stirring, ultrasonic dispersion and the like to form slurry so as to prepare the bottom magnetic wave-absorbing material layer.
The third step: preparing ceramic matrix composite layer
The ceramic matrix composite layer adopts Al2O3Fiber reinforced Al2O3Ceramic matrix composite material, selected from Al2O3Weaving the fiber to obtain a fiber preform with the thickness of 1.5mm, and performing composite material densification by adopting a solvent-gel process for multiple times to finally obtain the fiber preform with the density of about 1.7g/cm3. And preparing periodic prefabricated holes on the composite material through a machining process, so that the composite material can be conveniently sewn with a heat insulation material at a later stage, wherein the distance between the prefabricated holes is 20mm, and the diameter of each prefabricated hole is about 2 mm.
The fourth step: preparing magnetic wave-absorbing material layer
The magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is made of silicon nitride fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material, silicon nitride fiber is selected for weaving to obtain a fiber preform with the thickness of 2mm, and the epoxy resin containing the magnetic wave-absorbing agent is introduced into the fiber preform by adopting a multiple vacuum impregnation curing process to finally obtain the fiber preform with the density of about 2.0g/cm3The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the resin-based composite material are respectively about 30 and 0.4, and the magnetic permeability and the magnetic loss are respectively about 10 and 0.5.
The fifth step: preparation of aerogel and periodic Structure layers
Selection of fibre-reinforced Al2O3Aerogel materials are respectively processed into heat insulation materials with the thickness of 8mm, 4mm and 6mm as heat insulation layers, and a precursor impregnation pyrolysis method is adopted to prepare wave-transparent Al with the thickness of 0.5mm2O3Fiber reinforced Al2O3And printing the prepared electric loss type high-temperature resistant slurry on the surface of the ceramic matrix composite by adopting a screen printing process to obtain the electric loss type periodic structure wave-absorbing layer, wherein the resistance values of the conductive slurry are respectively about 160 omega/□ and 80 omega/□, the periodic structure is square, and the side lengths of the upper and lower periodic structures are respectively 23.8mm and 34.2 mm. Prefabricated holes with the same period and aperture as those of the composite material are respectively prepared on the heat insulation layer and the periodic structure wave-absorbing layer through a machining process, so that sewing is facilitated.
And a sixth step: broadband heat-insulation stealth composite material
Mixing the above prefabricated parts according to surface composite material layer and 8mm heat insulating material layerA periodic structure layer, a 4mm heat insulation material layer, a periodic structure layer, a 6mm heat insulation material layer, a bottom composite material layer and an electromagnetic shielding layer are sequentially laminated, and Al is adopted2O3The fiber is sewed along the prefabricated hole position and then Al is adopted2O3And preparing a rough blank by a precursor and a dipping cracking process, and after the prefabricated member has enough strength and toughness, carrying out mechanical processing to obtain the wave-absorbing bearing integrated layer.
The seventh step: preparation of inorganic anti-oxidation layer
And spraying a glass layer with the thickness of 0.1mm on the surface of the electromagnetic shielding layer by adopting a plasma spraying technology.
Eighth step: ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property
The resin-based composite material, the heat-insulation stealth integrated layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer are bonded together by adopting high-temperature-resistant silicon rubber, and the shear strength is required to be higher than 4MPa so as to ensure the bonding strength of the resin-based composite material, the heat-insulation stealth integrated layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer. The wave-absorbing structure has excellent wave-absorbing performance under 0.5-12 GHz.
Example 3
The first step is as follows: preparing electromagnetic shielding layer
Two-dimensional laminated T300 carbon fibers (the conductivity is about 40000S/m) are selected as an electromagnetic shielding layer prefabricated body, and after the braided piece has enough strength and toughness, the electromagnetic shielding layer is obtained through machining.
The second step is that: precursor containing magnetic wave-absorbing agent
Using micron iron powder (75 wt.%) as wave absorbing agent and Al2O3The precursor is a solvent, and the wave absorbing agent and the solvent are fully mixed to form slurry by adopting mechanical stirring, ultrasonic dispersion and the like so as to prepare the bottom surface magnetic wave absorbing material.
The third step: preparing ceramic matrix composite layer
The ceramic matrix composite material is a silicon nitride fiber reinforced silicon nitride ceramic matrix composite material, silicon nitride fibers are selected for weaving to obtain a fiber preform with the thickness of 1.5mm, the composite material is densified by adopting a solvent gel process for multiple times, and finally the density is about 2.1g/cm3. And is prepared in the composite material by a machining processThe holes are periodically prefabricated, so that the holes can be conveniently sewn with the heat insulation material at the later stage, the distance between every two prefabricated holes is 10mm, and the diameter of each prefabricated hole is about 1.5 mm.
The fourth step: preparing magnetic wave-absorbing material layer
The ceramic matrix composite layer adopts a silicon nitride fiber reinforced silicon nitride ceramic matrix composite, silicon nitride fibers are selected for weaving to obtain a fiber preform with the thickness of 2mm, the composite is densified by adopting a multiple solvent-gel process and a precursor containing a magnetic wave absorbing agent, and finally the density is about 2.8g/cm3. And preparing periodic prefabricated holes on the composite material through a machining process, so that the prefabricated holes can be conveniently sewn with the heat insulation material at the later stage, wherein the distance between the prefabricated holes is 25mm, the aperture of each prefabricated hole is about 2mm, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the prefabricated holes are respectively about 20 and 0.2, and the magnetic conductivity and the magnetic loss of the prefabricated holes are respectively about 12 and 0.4.
The fifth step: preparation of aerogel and periodic Structure layers
Selecting a fiber reinforced SiCO aerogel material, and respectively processing the material into a thermal insulation layer with the thickness of 18mm, a thermal insulation material with the thickness of 12mm and a thermal insulation material with the thickness of 20 mm; two pieces of wave-transparent silicon nitride fiber reinforced silicon nitride ceramic-based composite materials with the thickness of 0.3mm are prepared by adopting a precursor impregnation pyrolysis method, and prepared electric loss type high-temperature resistant slurry is printed on the surface of the ceramic-based composite materials by adopting a screen printing process to obtain an electric loss type periodic structure wave-absorbing layer, wherein the resistance values of the conductive slurry of the upper layer and the lower layer are both 180 omega/□, the periodic structure is square, and the side lengths of the upper layer and the lower layer are respectively 19.75mm and 26.68 mm. And finally, preparing prefabricated holes with the same period and aperture as those of the composite material on the heat insulation layer and the periodic structure wave-absorbing layer respectively through a machining process, so that the prefabricated holes are convenient to sew.
And a sixth step: broadband heat-insulation stealth composite material
The prefabricated member is sequentially laminated according to a surface composite material layer, a 18mm heat insulation material layer, a periodic structure layer, a 12mm heat insulation material layer, a periodic structure layer, a 20mm heat insulation material layer, a bottom surface composite material layer and an electromagnetic shielding layer, silicon nitride fibers are sewn along the position of a prefabricated hole, then a silicon nitride precursor and a dipping cracking process are adopted to prepare a rough blank, and after the prefabricated member has enough strength and toughness, machining is carried out to obtain the wave-absorbing bearing integrated layer.
The seventh step: preparation of inorganic anti-oxidation layer
And spraying a glass layer with the thickness of 0.1mm on the outer surface of the electromagnetic shielding layer by adopting a plasma spraying technology. The wave-absorbing structure has excellent wave-absorbing performance under 0.5-12 GHz.
Claims (4)
1. An ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical properties is characterized by comprising an inorganic oxidation-resistant layer (1), a ceramic matrix composite material layer I (2), an aerogel layer (3), a periodic structure layer (4), a ceramic matrix composite material layer II (5), a magnetic wave-absorbing material layer (6) and an electromagnetic shielding layer (7) from outside to inside; the aerogel layers (3) and the periodic structure layers (4) are alternately arranged, but the number of the layers of the aerogel layers (3) is one more than that of the periodic structure layers (4);
the inorganic oxidation resisting layer (1) is made of glass or mullite, and the characteristic thickness is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm;
the ceramic matrix composite layer I (2) and the ceramic matrix composite layer II (5) are inorganic wave-transmitting type fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite layers, wherein the inorganic wave-transmitting type fibers are mullite fibers and SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4One or more of the fibers or SiC fibers are mixed, woven and paved; the ceramic matrix material is Al2O3Ceramics, SiC ceramics, SiO2Glass ceramic, mullite or Si3N4One of the ceramics, the characteristic thickness is 0.3 mm-3 mm;
the aerogel layer (3) is a fiber reinforced aerogel material, wherein the aerogel material is Al2O3、SiO2、Al2O3-SiO2Or one or more SiCO aerogel materials, and the characteristic thickness of the material is 3 mm-50 mm;
the periodic structure layer (4) is composed of a plurality of resistance type periodic structure units which are arranged at fixed intervals and have the same area, the materials are conductive precious metals or oxides thereof and glass phase, the resistance type periodic structure units are arranged between the heat insulation aerogels (3), the adopted periodic structure unit patterns are one or more of patterns such as squares, circles, crosses or square rings, and the like, and the size of the periodic structure unit is 1 mm-50 mm;
the magnetic wave absorbing layer (6) is any one of a fiber reinforced magnetic loss type ceramic matrix composite material, a fiber reinforced magnetic loss type resin matrix composite material or a magnetic wave absorbing patch containing a magnetic wave absorbing agent, the thickness of the magnetic wave absorbing layer is 0.2-3 mm, and the magnetic wave absorbing agent is one or more of Fe, Co and Ni powder or metal alloy powder containing Fe, Co and Ni;
the electromagnetic shielding layer (7) is composed of high-conductivity fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite materials, the characteristic thickness is 0.2-1mm, and the characteristic conductivity is more than 100S/m.
2. The ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing material of the fiber-reinforced magnetic loss type resin-based composite material is SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4The fiber or SiC fiber is mixed, woven and paved, and the resin matrix material is one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane, vinyl resin or phenolic resin.
3. The ultra-wideband wave absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic wave absorbing patch is composed of a magnetic absorbent and a base material, and the base material is one of vulcanized urethane rubber, fluororubber or silicone rubber.
4. The preparation method of the ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing electromagnetic shielding layer
Selecting two-dimensional laminated shielding SiC fibers with the real part of dielectric constant being more than 20 or carbon fibers and the conductivity being more than 2000S/m as an electromagnetic shielding layer preform, preparing a rough blank by using a fiber impregnation cracking process PIP, and obtaining the electromagnetic shielding layer by machining after a braided part has enough strength and toughness;
the second step is that: preparation of magnetic wave-absorbing layer
When the magnetic wave-absorbing layer is a fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, adding the magnetic wave-absorbing material into a ceramic precursor, uniformly stirring, weaving wave-transmitting fibers to obtain a fiber preform, and preparing the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer with the thickness of 0.3-3 mm by a precursor impregnation cracking process;
when the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, adding the magnetic wave-absorbing material into resin and preparing the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer with the thickness of 0.3-3 mm with wave-transmitting fibers according to a conventional composite material curing process;
the magnetic wave-absorbing material layer is a wave-absorbing patch, and the required magnetic wave-absorbing material patch is prepared according to a conventional wave-absorbing patch preparation process;
the third step: preparing ceramic matrix composite layer
Selecting wave-transparent fibers to weave to obtain a fiber preform, and preparing a composite material with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm by a precursor impregnation cracking process;
the fourth step: preparation of aerogel layer
Selecting the type of the fiber reinforced aerogel composite material according to the use temperature, and obtaining an aerogel layer with a specific thickness by machining;
the fifth step: preparing periodic structure layer
Firstly, preparing high-temperature resistant conductive slurry with different resistivity by regulating and controlling the relative contents of a wave absorbing agent, glass powder and an organic solvent; preparing an inorganic transmission wave type fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material with the thickness of 0.3-1mm by adopting a precursor impregnation cracking method, and printing prepared electric loss type high-temperature resistant slurry on the surface of the inorganic transmission wave type fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material by adopting a screen printing process to obtain a resistance type periodic structure layer;
and a sixth step: ultra-wideband wave-absorbing structure compatible with temperature resistance and mechanical property
Preparing periodic prefabricated holes for aligning and sequentially laminating the ceramic matrix composite layer, the aerogel layer, the periodic structure layer, the magnetic wave absorbing layer and the electromagnetic shielding layer, and performing densification treatment by adopting a conventional ceramic precursor impregnation cracking process to obtain the ultra-wideband heat-insulation stealth-proof composite material; and spraying a glass layer or a mullite layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.5mm on the surface of the wave-absorbing structure by adopting a plasma spraying technology.
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