CN109720027A - A kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material and preparation method thereof based on metal coating - Google Patents
A kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material and preparation method thereof based on metal coating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material and preparation method thereof based on metal coating.High-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material is made of high-temperature fibre cloth clad structure wave-absorber;Structure wave-absorber is made of one group of structure wave-absorber unit or is made of structure wave-absorber unit more than two superposition;Structure wave-absorber unit includes the impedance layer on medium substrate layer and its surface.Preparation method is that refractory metal material is sputtered onto high-temperature fibre cloth surface using magnetron sputtering technique, obtains impedance layer;Impedance layer is covered to medium substrate layer surface, one group of structure wave-absorber unit is obtained;Using one group of structure wave-absorber unit of high-temperature fibre cloth or the structure wave-absorber unit of multiple groups stacking and suture, it can be resistant at least 700 DEG C or more of high temperature to obtain the final product, with preferable heat-resisting quantity and inoxidizability, and the high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material wide with wider suction wavestrip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of absorbing material, in particular to a kind of high temperature resistant is resistance to, anti-oxidant, and has wider suction wavestrip
Wide absorbing material, further relates to preparation method, belongs to absorbing material technical field.
Background technique
With the development of modern military technology, stealth technology is applied to various complex environments.Such as fighter plane, cruise are led
The components operating temperature such as jet pipe, nose cone cap, leading edge of the air armaments such as bullet equipment can reach 700 DEG C even 1000 DEG C with
On, it is stronger to reflection of radar wave, it has also become influence new-type weapon and equipment Stealth Fighter an important factor for.Due to most magnetic
The Curie temperature of material is below 700 DEG C, loses wave-absorbing effect under the operating temperature of high-temperature component.So high temperature inhales wave
Material is all dielectric loss type absorbing material mostly, compared with the electromagnetic wave absorbing material of room temperature application, the absorption of high temperature absorbing material
Frequency band is relatively narrow, and low frequency wave-absorbing effect is poor.The absorbing property for how improving high temperature absorbing material is high temperature stealth material research one
One of content directly explored.
Mainly include both at home and abroad carbon material, silicon carbide and metal oxide etc. in relation to the stealthy investigation of materials of high temperature, is modified
Mode is mainly to improve the high temperature resistance of material by coating modification and improve by doping vario-property to be lost.Patent
CN105861977A, CN108821778A, CN103880426A disclose high temperature resistant absorbing material, disclosed several suction waves respectively
Material has preferable high temperature resistance, but relatively narrow lower than the suction wave frequency band of -10dB.Since high temperature resistant absorbing material is usually with pottery
As matrix, dielectric constant is higher for ceramic material or metal oxide, necessarily causes effective bandwidth partially narrow, it is difficult to meet application and want
It asks, it is wide suction wavestrip can be expanded by structure stealthing design.
Stealthy structure is the matching and absorption realized using the practical structures or circuit of manual construction to incident electromagnetic wave,
It is using the insensitive dielectric material of electromagnetic parameter in wideband as matrix, by resistance film, circuit element or frequency-selective surfaces structure
At periodic circuit structure be arranged in matrix surface, form the laminate type absorbent structure of single-layer or multi-layer.Patent
Several multi-layer structured wave absorbing materials are disclosed in US2599944A, CN108749229A, CN108819384A respectively, at normal temperature
With good absorbing property and wider absorption band.
Patent CN107039778A, CN107141021A, CN106042515A, CN106007804A disclose several respectively
High-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material is prepared for using materials such as metal oxide ceramic and electro-conductive glass based on frequency-selective surfaces
Absorbent structure, have preferable high temperature resistance and broadband absorbing performance, but its absorbing property with temperature rising change greatly.
Summary of the invention
For deficiency and defect that high temperature resistant absorbing material in background above technology is deposited, the purpose of the invention is to provide
A kind of high temperature that can be resistant at least 700 DEG C or more has preferable heat-resisting quantity and inoxidizability, and has wider suction wave
The high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of bandwidth.
Another object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of simple, low cost to prepare high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material
Method.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention provides a kind of, and the high-temperature-resistant structure based on metal coating inhales wave material
Material, is made of high-temperature fibre cloth clad structure wave-absorber;The structure wave-absorber is made of one group of structure wave-absorber unit,
Or it is made of structure wave-absorber unit more than two superposition;The structure wave-absorber unit includes medium substrate layer and its surface
Impedance layer, the medium substrate layer be oxide fibre enhance oxide silica aerogel composite material, the impedance layer be comprising
The high-temperature fibre cloth of refractory metal material coating.
Preferred scheme, the medium substrate layer is with a thickness of 5~10mm.
Preferred scheme, the refractory metal material coating layer thickness are 10~100nm.
Preferred scheme, structure wave-absorber are made of 1~3 group of structure wave-absorber unit superposition.
Preferred scheme, the oxide fibre enhancing oxide silica aerogel composite material include quartz fiber felt enhancing oxygen
SiClx aerogel composite or continuous mullite fiber enhance silica aerogel composite material.These types that the present invention chooses
Oxide fibre enhancing oxide silica aerogel composite material can not only guarantee the absorbing property and high temperature resistant of absorbing material product
Performance, moreover it is possible to guarantee that absorbing material has lower surface density and thermal conductivity.
Preferred scheme, the refractory metal material on the high-temperature fibre cloth surface comprising refractory metal material coating
Expect that coating is uniform continuous film or frequency-selective surfaces.
More preferably scheme, the frequency-selective surfaces be square patch constitute cyclic array or square hole net lattice at
Cyclic array, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
More preferably scheme, the temperature coefficient range of the refractory metal material coating are 0~50ppm/ DEG C.
More preferably scheme, the refractory metal material include nichrome, nichrome, nichrome aluminum alloy, chromium
Aluminium neodymium alloy, ferrochrome aluminium alloy or ferrochrome alumal.The these types of refractory metal material that the present invention chooses not only have compared with
High operating temperature, while there is lower temperature coefficient of resistivity, electrical property vary with temperature it is smaller, at relatively high temperatures
Still it is able to maintain original absorbing property.
Preferred scheme, the high-temperature fibre cloth include quartz fiber cloth, silicon carbide fibre cloth or boron nitride fiber cloth.
The preparation method of the present invention also provides a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating comprising with
Lower step:
1) preparation media basal layer;
2) refractory metal material is sputtered by high-temperature fibre cloth surface using magnetron sputtering technique, obtains impedance layer;
3) impedance layer is covered to medium substrate layer surface, obtains one group of structure wave-absorber unit;
4) structure wave-absorber unit more than two is laminated from the bottom to top, obtains multiple groups structure wave-absorber unit;
5) one group of structure wave-absorber unit of high-temperature fibre cloth or multiple groups structure wave-absorber unit are used and is sutured, i.e.,
?.
Preferred scheme, the magnetron sputtering technique condition: controlled sputtering source is DC source, and sputtering voltage is 1~10V,
Sputtering time is 0.5~10min, and sputtering atmosphere is nitrogen or argon gas, and background vacuum pressure is not more than 5 × 10-4Pa。
Compared with prior art, it is the advantages of technical solution of the present invention:
(1) each component part of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention use fire-resistant oxidation resistant ceramics or
Alloy material can be resistant at least 700 DEG C or more of high temperature, therefore whole with preferable heat-resisting quantity and excellent antioxygen
The property changed.
(2) high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention using low-density aerogel material, whole surface density compared with
It is small, the weight of product is alleviated, meets the lightweight demand of component, and dielectric constant is lower, more compared to block body ceramic material
Broadband absorbing easy to accomplish.
(3) high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material layer of the invention is lower to thermal conductivity, thus has preferable heat-proof quality, from
And the integration of the multi-functionals such as stealthy, heat-insulated, solar heat protection may be implemented.
(4) metal material that high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention uses low resistance temperature coefficient prepares impedance
Layer, impedance layer performance be affected by temperature it is smaller, therefore absorbing property be not easy with temperature rise and change.
(5) high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention uses magnetron sputtering and prepares metallic film, can pass through sputtering
Condition controls film thickness, realizes accurate designing impedance matching.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure wave-absorber being made of two groups of structure wave-absorber units;
Fig. 2 is the radar reflectivity curve of the high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 square hole net lattice at cyclic array;
Fig. 4 is the cyclic array that square patch is constituted.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment is intended to further illustrate the content of present invention, rather than limits scope of protection of the claims.
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention based on metal coating, as shown in Figure 1, inhaling wave by two groups of structures
Body is constituted, and the structure wave-absorber includes a medium substrate layer and an impedance layer from the bottom to top, and the medium substrate layer is
Quartz fibre enhances silica aerogel composite material, and the impedance layer is the quartz fiber cloth of nichrome coating.It is prepared
Method the following steps are included:
(1) preparation media substrate: choosing quartz fibre according to design requirement enhances silica aerogel composite material, uses
Sol-gel technology prepares quartz fibre enhancing silica aerogel composite material, finally, using the method for machining, it will
The medium substrate layer 1 and medium substrate layer 2 of 7.5mm thickness is made to 7.5mm in composite processing;
(2) it prepares impedance layer: using magnetron sputtering technique, the nichrome for being used to prepare impedance layer being sputtered at into quartzy fibre
It ties up cloth surface and forms uniform continuous film, prepare impedance layer 1 and impedance layer 2 respectively, controlled sputtering source is DC source, sputtering voltage
For 1V, sputtering atmosphere is nitrogen, and background vacuum pressure is 5 × 10-4Pa, sputtering 0.5min obtain impedance layer 1, and sputtering 1min is hindered
Anti- layer 2.
(3) impedance layer 1 prepared by step (2) is covered in 1 surface of medium substrate layer, obtains structure wave-absorber 1;By step
(2) impedance layer 2 prepared is covered in 2 surface of medium substrate layer, obtains structure wave-absorber 2;
(4) the structure wave-absorber 1 of step (3) preparation and structure wave-absorber 2 are laminated from the bottom to top, obtain the double-deck suction wave knot
Structure;
(5) it uses quartz fiber cloth encapsulation steps (4) described multilayer absorbent structure and sutures, complete high-temperature-resistant structure and inhale wave
The preparation of material.
The radar reflectivity curve of this example high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material is tested as shown in Fig. 2, its reflectivity is in room temperature
Under, -10dB is respectively less than within the scope of 4.5~15GHz.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention based on metal coating, is made of, institute one group of structure wave-absorber
Stating structure wave-absorber from the bottom to top includes a medium substrate layer and an impedance layer, and the medium substrate layer is continuous mullite
Fiber reinforcement silica aerogel composite material, the impedance layer are the boron nitride fiber cloth of nichrome coating.It is prepared
Method the following steps are included:
(1) preparation media substrate: choosing quartz fibre according to design requirement enhances silica aerogel composite material, uses
Sol-gel technology prepares continuous mullite fiber enhancing silica aerogel composite material, finally, using the side of machining
The medium substrate layer of 7.5mm thickness is made in composite processing to 7.5mm by method;
(2) it prepares impedance layer: using magnetron sputtering technique, the nichrome for being used to prepare impedance layer being sputtered at into nitridation
Boron fibre cloth surface forms uniform continuous film, and controlled sputtering source is DC source, and sputtering voltage 3V, sputtering atmosphere is argon gas,
Background vacuum pressure is 1 × 10-4Pa, sputtering time 1min.
(3) impedance layer prepared by step (2) is covered in medium substrate layer surface, obtains one group of structure wave-absorber;
(4) it uses one group of structure wave-absorber described in quartz fiber cloth encapsulation steps (3) and encapsulates, complete high-temperature-resistant structure
The preparation of absorbing material.
Test the radar reflectivity of this example high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material, reflectivity at room temperature, in 8~12GHz
It is respectively less than -10dB in range, the absorption peak of -30dB is less than at 10GHz frequency point.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material of the invention based on metal coating, as shown in Figure 1, inhaling wave by two groups of structures
Body is constituted, and the structure wave-absorber includes a medium substrate layer and an impedance layer from the bottom to top, and the medium substrate layer is
Quartz fibre enhances silica aerogel composite material, and the impedance layer is the silicon carbide fibre cloth of nickel chromium triangle neodymium alloy coating.Its
Preparation method the following steps are included:
(1) preparation media substrate: choosing quartz fibre according to design requirement enhances silica aerogel composite material, uses
Sol-gel technology prepares quartz fibre enhancing silica aerogel composite material, finally, using the method for machining, it will
The medium substrate layer 1 and medium substrate layer 2 of 5mm thickness is made to 5mm in composite processing;
(2) it prepares impedance layer: quartz fiber cloth being cut into grid array shown in Fig. 3 first, wherein square hole size is 1mm
× 1mm, grid line width are 1mm;Then magnetron sputtering technique is used, the nickel chromium triangle neodymium alloy for being used to prepare impedance layer is sputtered at into carbon
SiClx fiber cloth surface forms frequency-selective surfaces (such as Fig. 3), prepares impedance layer 1 and impedance layer 2 respectively, controlled sputtering source is straight
Stream source, sputtering voltage 3V, sputtering atmosphere are argon gas, and background vacuum pressure is 1 × 10-4Pa, sputtering 1min obtain impedance layer 1, splash
It penetrates 2.5min and obtains impedance layer 2.
(3) impedance layer 1 prepared by step (2) is covered in 1 surface of medium substrate layer, obtains structure wave-absorber 1;By step
(2) impedance layer 2 prepared is covered in 2 surface of medium substrate layer, obtains structure wave-absorber 2;
(4) the structure wave-absorber 1 of step (3) preparation and structure wave-absorber 2 are laminated from the bottom to top, obtain the double-deck suction wave knot
Structure;
(5) it uses quartz fiber cloth encapsulation steps (4) described multilayer absorbent structure and sutures, complete high-temperature-resistant structure and inhale wave
The preparation of material.
Test the radar reflectivity of this example high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material, reflectivity at room temperature, in 6~18GHz
- 10dB is respectively less than in range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating, it is characterised in that:
It is made of high-temperature fibre cloth clad structure wave-absorber;
The structure wave-absorber is made of one group of structure wave-absorber unit, or is superimposed structure by structure wave-absorber unit more than two
At;
The structure wave-absorber unit includes the impedance layer on medium substrate layer and its surface, and the medium substrate layer is that oxide is fine
Dimension enhancing oxide silica aerogel composite material, the impedance layer are the high-temperature fibre cloth comprising refractory metal material coating.
2. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
For medium substrate layer with a thickness of 5~10mm, the refractory metal material coating layer thickness is 10~100nm.
3. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Oxide fibre enhancing oxide silica aerogel composite material includes quartz fiber felt enhancing silica aerogel composite material or company
Continuous mullite fiber enhances silica aerogel composite material.
4. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The refractory metal material coating on the high-temperature fibre cloth surface comprising refractory metal material coating be uniform continuous film or
Frequency-selective surfaces.
5. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described
Frequency-selective surfaces be square patch constitute cyclic array or square hole net lattice at cyclic array.
6. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described
The temperature coefficient range of refractory metal material coating is 0~50ppm/ DEG C.
7. according to claim 1,4~6 described in any item high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing materials, which is characterized in that the high temperature resistant
Metal material includes that nichrome, nichrome, nichrome aluminum alloy, chromium aluminium neodymium alloy, ferrochrome aluminium alloy or chromium iron-aluminum-manganese are closed
Gold.
8. a kind of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
High-temperature fibre cloth includes quartz fiber cloth, silicon carbide fibre cloth or boron nitride fiber cloth.
9. a kind of preparation method of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
It is characterized by comprising following steps:
1) preparation media basal layer;
2) refractory metal material is sputtered by high-temperature fibre cloth surface using magnetron sputtering technique, obtains impedance layer;
3) impedance layer is covered to medium substrate layer surface, obtains one group of structure wave-absorber unit;
4) structure wave-absorber unit more than two is laminated from the bottom to top, obtains multiple groups structure wave-absorber unit;
5) using one group of structure wave-absorber unit of high-temperature fibre cloth or multiple groups structure wave-absorber unit and suture to get.
10. a kind of preparation method of high-temperature-resistant structure absorbing material based on metal coating according to claim 9, special
Sign is: the magnetron sputtering technique condition: controlled sputtering source is DC source, and sputtering voltage is 1~10V, sputtering time 0.5
~10min, sputtering atmosphere are nitrogen or argon gas, and background vacuum pressure is not more than 5 × 10-4Pa。
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