CN109677038A - A kind of compatible heat resistance and the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of mechanical property and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of compatible heat resistance and the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of mechanical property and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109677038A
CN109677038A CN201811474249.0A CN201811474249A CN109677038A CN 109677038 A CN109677038 A CN 109677038A CN 201811474249 A CN201811474249 A CN 201811474249A CN 109677038 A CN109677038 A CN 109677038A
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layer
fiber
ultra
absorbent structure
magnetic
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CN109677038B (en
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郝璐
刘晓菲
郭晓铛
戴全辉
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Technology
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
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    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

The present invention proposes a kind of compatible heat resistance and ultra-wideband absorbent structure of mechanical property and preparation method thereof, is made of from outside to inside inorganic anti oxidation layer, ceramic matric composite layer, aerogel layer, periodic structure layer, ceramic matric composite layer, electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer, electro-magnetic screen layer etc..The dielectric loss type high temperature resistant absorbent structure with heat-proof quality is designed using periodic structure in the extexine of ultra-wideband absorbent structure, realization is effectively absorbed to high-frequency electromagnetic rolling land and heat insulation and heat control, to ensure that bottom electromagnetic wave absorbing material is in lower operating temperature, guarantee that its Stealth Fighter is basically unchanged simultaneously, the final ultra-wideband absorbent structure for obtaining compatible heat resistance and mechanical property.It can solve the problems, such as radar invisible of the high temperature strong scattering component such as high-speed aircraft air intake duct under the conditions of violent Aerodynamic Heating.

Description

A kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure and its preparation of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-speed aircraft stealth technology fields, and in particular to a kind of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property Ultra-wideband absorbent structure and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
The violent Aerodynamic Heating generated under the conditions of high-speed flight will lead to the ring of the high-temperature components such as high-speed aircraft air intake duct Border temperature is more than 600 DEG C, reaches as high as 1400 DEG C.Stealthyization is the important indicator of the following high-speed aircraft, high-speed aircraft into The strong scatterings component such as air flue is the important component of dynamical system, and shape is wanted depending on totality, power, pneumatic integration It asks, the application of Stealthy Technology is very restricted, and high temperature stealth material is then that its radar is inhibited to dissipate by force with structure technology Penetrate main and effective technological approaches.
It is intercepted in strike system in air-defense anti-missile, integrated early warning, EW system (work is in P or L, S-band) is general Target is found and tracked at a distance all over using the radar of low-frequency range, is provided for multilayer stereo system of defense enough Pre-warning time can guide other interception weapons to be hit.Therefore, distant early warning detection system, including early warning plane low frequency (P Wave band, L-band) radar, early-warning radar (pattern-band, L-band), become aircraft whole process it is prominent anti-during face it is important It threatens.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop compatible early warning radar to detect guidance radar (compatible pattern-band to X-band, 0.5GHz~ 12GHz:24 frequency multiplication) ultra-wideband high temperature resistant absorbent structure technology to improve the Stealth Fighter of aircraft.
For magnetic loss consumption material, demagnetization phenomenon can be generated under high temperature environment, and high temperature absorbing property is caused significantly to be decayed And it can not apply；For can be applicable to the electrical loss absorbing material of hot environment, Yao Shixian broadband absorbing function, the dielectric of material Constant must have preferable Dispersion, and current material is difficult to meet design requirement, even if multilayer impedance matched design Dielectric loss type high temperature resistant absorbing material is also difficult to obtain the absorbing property lower than under 2GHz, therefore needs to develop a kind of ultra-wideband suction Wave structure is to adapt to the requirement of high-speed aircraft.
Environment is reduced by heat-barrier material to be expected to give full play to the excellent ultralow frequency suction wave of electromagnetic wave absorbing material using temperature A kind of performance: Chinese patent " preparation method of bilayer high temperature resistant heat insulation Wave suction composite material " (publication number: CN106810284A) A kind of preparation method of double-deck high temperature resistant heat insulation Wave suction composite material is disclosed, disadvantage is that, it is coated in matrix surface Epoxide resin material cannot be adapted to the hot environment more than 500 DEG C or more；" one kind prevents heat-insulated/suction wave one to Chinese patent Change structural material and preparation method thereof (publication number: " (publication number: CN107745557A) discloses one kind and prevents heat-insulated/suction wave one Change structural material and preparation method thereof, is realized preferably on meeting former ablative thermal protection performance basis, while in S, C, X frequency range Electromagnetic wave absorption performance, deficiency is that matrix resin belongs to ablative-type protective coating insulation material layer, the suction of the absorbent structure after ablation Wave performance substantially decays generation；Chinese patent " a kind of broadband absorbing prevent heat-insulated camouflage composite material and preparation method thereof " (publication number: CN107555940A) disclose a kind of broadband absorbing based on the double-deck high temperature resistant Meta Materials prevent it is heat-insulated stealthy compound The reflectivity of material and preparation method thereof, composite material can realize -10dB 4-18GHz or -8dB 2-18GHz hereinafter, it is insufficient It is in 2GHz hereinafter, dielectric loss type absorbing material and dielectric loss type Meta Materials are difficult to obtain excellent absorbing property.To sum up It is found that the research for compatible heat resistance and electromagnetism stealth is concentrated mainly on resin type and dielectric loss type wave absorbing agent at present, And it is difficult to solve the problems, such as that ultra-wideband inhales wave, especially 2GHz electromagnetic wave absorption performance below.
In view of the above deficiencies and application demand, the invention discloses the ultra-wideband of a kind of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property Absorbent structure technology, while giving a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned high temperature resistant absorbent structure, it is intended to solve 0.5GHz-12GHz Under the stealthy problem of ultra-wideband.
Summary of the invention
To solve, the conventional stealthy scheme of absorbent structure may not apply to high-speed flight environment and dielectric loss type high temperature resistant is inhaled The deficiency of the ultralow frequency Stealth Fighter difference of wave material or Meta Materials, the invention proposes one kind can be simultaneous under high-speed flight environment Hold the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of heat resistance and mechanical property.Inventors herein proposing a kind of surface layer is high temperature resistant heat insulation dielectric loss type Absorbing material and bottom are the ultra-wideband absorbent structure scheme of low temperature resistant electromagnetic wave absorbing material: using dielectric loss type periodic structure layer As wave absorbing agent, make high temperature resistant heat insulation dielectric loss type absorbing material that there is excellent high frequency absorbing property by optimization design；It will Electromagnetic wave absorbing material is placed in suction wave thermal insulation layer bottom and increases its ultralow frequency Stealth Fighter, can be according to the material after application heat-barrier material Temperature selects magnetic Wave suction composite material or magnetic wave absorbing patch；Increase electro-magnetic screen layer in electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer bottom To improve its resonance loss and reflecting properties to electromagnetic wave.In a variety of property such as integrated application dielectric loss type and electromagnetic wave absorbing material The low frequency of the stealth material of the resistance to different temperatures of energy, effectively solution dielectric loss type absorbent structure is stealthy and electromagnetic wave absorbing material is resistance to The problems such as warm nature energy deficiency, the potential for current material of more possibly bringing into play greatly.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
The core of the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible high temperature resistance is complex optimum dielectric loss type and magnetic suction wave material The heat resistance and absorbing property of material, it is final to obtain ultra-wideband high temperature absorbent structure.Pass through on the surface layer of ultra-wideband absorbent structure Periodic structure design have heat-proof quality dielectric loss type high temperature resistant absorbent structure, realize to frequency electromagnetic waves it is effective absorb and Heat insulation and heat control effect, it is ensured that bottom surface electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is in lower operating temperature, to guarantee its Stealth Fighter substantially not Become, final to obtain ultra-wideband absorbent structure, which has excellent heat-proof quality and mechanical property, can prepare large-scale component.
The ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat-proof quality and mechanical property is multiple by inorganic anti oxidation layer, ceramic base from outside to inside The groups such as condensation material layer, aerogel layer, periodic structure layer, ceramic matric composite layer, electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer, electro-magnetic screen layer At.
Inorganic anti oxidation layer is made of glass or mullite, be can solve absorbing material and is aoxidized and burn in a high temperauture environment Erosion problem.
Ceramic matric composite layer is made of wave transparent type refractory ceramics based composites, for solar heat protection and ensures thermal insulation layer Integrality, and bonding electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer, it is insufficient to solve aerogel type heat-barrier material intensity and adhesive property difference Problem.
Dielectric loss type inhales wave heat-insulation integrative layer mainly as solar heat protection/thermal insulation layer of absorbent structure, while excellent using its Dielectric properties provide thickness space for the design of broadband absorbing structure, it is heat-insulated that the high temperature resistant of predominantly ceramic fibre enhancing inhales wave Layer.Wave absorbing agent is that dielectric loss type periodic structure is placed in inside heat-barrier material.Wave heat-insulation integrative layer is inhaled in the dielectric loss type In, heat-barrier material can be fiber reinforcement Al2O3Aerogel material, fiber reinforcement SiO2Aerogel material, fiber reinforcement Al2O3- SiO2One of aerogel material or fiber reinforcement SiCO aerogel material or a variety of wave transparent types are compound；Dielectric loss type inhale wave every The electromagnetic performance of heating integrated layer composite material changes as the specific targets of heat-proof quality, suction wave frequency section and thickness require.
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is that ceramic matric composite, polymer matrix composites or magnetic wave absorbing patch, magnetism inhale wave Agent is one or more of Fe, Co, Ni powder or the metal alloy powder containing Fe, Co, Ni, can be split respectively by precursor dipping Solution technique, dipping curing process are kneaded sulfuration process preparation.
Electro-magnetic screen layer by with high conductivity carbon fiber or silicon carbide fibre enhancing composite material constitute, play electromagnetism Shield the effect of reflective.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property, by as follows Step preparation molding:
Step 1: preparing electro-magnetic screen layer
Selecting two-dimension laminate shield type SiC fiber (real part of permittivity is > 20) or carbon fiber, (conductivity is greater than It 2000S/m) is used as electro-magnetic screen layer precast body, crude green body is prepared using fiber impregnation cracking technology (PIP), part to be woven has foot After enough intensity and toughness, electro-magnetic screen layer is obtained by machining.
Step 2: preparing electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites, and ceramic fibre includes mullite fiber, SiO2It is fine Dimension, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4The wave transparents ceramic fibre such as fiber or SiC fiber, electromagnetic wave absorbing material is added in ceramic precursor It stirs evenly, selects one of above-mentioned wave transparent fiber to carry out braiding and obtain fiber preform and by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis work Skill prepares electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer, with a thickness of 0.3mm~3mm.And by mechanical processing technique in composite material manufacturing cycle Pre-manufactured hole sutures convenient for later period and heat-barrier material；
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material, and ceramic fibre includes mullite fiber, SiO2It is fine Dimension, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4The wave transparents ceramic fibre such as fiber or SiC fiber, electromagnetic wave absorbing material is added in resin prepreg material It stirs evenly, selects one of above-mentioned wave transparent fiber to carry out braiding and obtain fiber preform, solidified by vacuum/impregnating by pressure Technique prepares electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer, with a thickness of 0.3mm~3mm；
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is wave absorbing patch, pours into open mill and is kneaded uniformly in rubber and electromagnetic wave absorbing material, is adopted Above-mentioned mixture is pressed into certain thickness suction wave layer raw stock at a certain temperature with calender, and is cut into designed Shape is put into mold, elevated temperature cure after molding, electromagnetic wave absorbing material patch required for obtaining.
Step 3: preparing ceramic matric composite layer
Composite layer is fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites, and ceramic fibre includes mullite fiber, SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4The wave transparents ceramic fibre such as fiber or SiC fiber, ceramic matrix include Al2O3Ceramics, SiC ceramic, SiO2Glass Glass ceramics, mullite or Si3N4The wave transparents type ceramic matrix such as ceramics.One of above-mentioned wave transparent fiber is selected to carry out braiding acquisition Fiber preform, and composite material is prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis technique, with a thickness of 0.5mm~3mm.And added by mechanical Work technique is sutured in composite material manufacturing cycle pre-manufactured hole convenient for later period and heat-barrier material.
Step 4: preparing aerogel layer
Aerogel layer selects fibre-reinforced aerogel composite material, can be according to using temperature selection fibre-reinforced aerogel multiple The type of condensation material: temperature selects fiber reinforcement SiO when being higher than 600 DEG C2Selection changes when aerogel material, temperature are higher than 800 DEG C Fiber reinforcement SiO after property2Aerogel material or fiber reinforcement Al2O3Aerogel material, temperature select fiber when being higher than 1000 DEG C REINFORCED Al2O3Aerogel material or fiber reinforcement SiCO aerogel material obtain the thermal insulation layer of specific thicknesses by machining.
Step 5: manufacturing cycle structure sheaf
First by the relative amount of regulation wave absorbing agent, glass powder and organic solvent, preparing has different resistivity High temperature resistant electrocondution slurry.Being prepared using precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method is enhanced with a thickness of the inorganic wave transparent fiber type of 0.3-1mm thickness Ceramic matric composite, and use silk-screen printing technique that prepared dielectric loss type high temperature resistant slurry is printed on its surface to obtain Resistor-type type periodic structure layer is obtained, wider frequency absorbing property can be obtained by selecting 2 layers of periodic structure to inhale wave layers.And added by mechanical Work technique is sutured in composite material manufacturing cycle pre-manufactured hole convenient for later period and heat-barrier material.
Step 6: the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property
By ceramic matric composite layer, aerogel layer, periodic structure layer, magnetic suction wave mode ceramic matric composite layer, electricity Magnetic masking layer sequence lamination is placed, and it is integral using wave transparent type ceramic fibre according to pre-manufactured hole puncture suture, then into The multiple period conventional ceramic precursor infiltration and pyrolysis techniques of row carry out densification, finally carry out accurate mechanical processing, obtain Ultra-wideband prevents heat-insulated camouflage composite material.Wave transparent type ceramic fibre can be the wave transparents ceramic fibres such as quartz fibre, alumina fibre One of；Using plasma spraying technology in absorbent structure surface sprayed glass layer or mullite layer, with a thickness of 0.1- 0.5mm；
Ceramic matric composite layer, aerogel layer, periodic structure layer and ceramic matric composite layer sequence lamination are placed, And puncture suture integrally according to pre-manufactured hole using wave transparent type ceramic fibre, then carry out multiple period conventional ceramic pioneers Body impregnating cracking technology carries out densification, finally carries out accurate mechanical processing, obtains ultra-wideband and prevent heat-insulated stealthy composite wood Material.Wave transparent type ceramic fibre can be the wave transparents ceramic fibres such as quartz fibre, alumina fibre；It is being inhaled using plasma spraying technology Wave structure surface sprayed glass layer or mullite layer, with a thickness of 0.1-0.5mm.Using silicon rubber resistant to high temperature by fiber reinforcement magnetic Loss-type polymer matrix composites bond together with heat-insulated stealthy integrated layer and electro-magnetic screen layer, and shear strength is higher than Adhesive strength of the 4MPa both to guarantee realizes that ultra-wideband prevents heat-insulated camouflage composite material preparation.
Ceramic matric composite layer, aerogel layer, periodic structure layer and ceramic matric composite layer sequence lamination are placed, And puncture suture integrally according to pre-manufactured hole using wave transparent type ceramic fibre, then carry out multiple period conventional ceramic pioneers Body impregnating cracking technology carries out densification, finally carries out accurate mechanical processing, obtains ultra-wideband and prevent heat-insulated stealthy composite wood Material.Wave transparent type ceramic fibre can be the wave transparents ceramic fibres such as quartz fibre, alumina fibre；It is being inhaled using plasma spraying technology Wave structure surface sprayed glass layer or mullite layer, with a thickness of 0.1-0.5mm.Magnetism is inhaled by wave material using silicon rubber resistant to high temperature Both material patch bonds together with heat-insulated stealthy integrated layer and electro-magnetic screen layer, shear strength is higher than 4MPa to guarantee Adhesive strength realizes that ultra-wideband prevents heat-insulated camouflage composite material preparation.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows
The use temperature of absorbent structure bottom electromagnetic wave absorbing material is brought down below by electromagnetic wave absorbing material using heat-barrier material Curie temperature, low temperature resistant electromagnetic wave absorbing material and high temperature resistant dielectric loss type absorbing material are combined, effectively The bottleneck problem of solution high temperature absorbing material ultralow frequency wave-absorbing effect difference, final acquisition compatibility heat resistance and mechanical property surpass Broadband absorbing structure.
The ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property according to the present invention, high with operating temperature, Designability is strong, while the electromagnetic wave absorbing material of compatible low heat resistance and the dielectric loss type absorbing material of high temperature tolerance energy etc. are excellent Point can solve the stealthy problem of ultra-wideband of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property, and it is contour to be expected to solution high-speed aircraft air intake duct Warm strong scattering component radar invisible problem under the conditions of violent Aerodynamic Heating.
Detailed description of the invention
Ultra-wideband absorbent structure schematic diagram of the Fig. 1 based on periodic structure；
Ultra-wideband absorbent structure schematic diagram of the Fig. 2 based on periodic structure；
Ultra-wideband absorbent structure schematic diagram of the Fig. 3 based on periodic structure；
Fig. 4 structural unit pattern schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
This programme is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Step 1: preparing electro-magnetic screen layer
It selects two-dimension laminate shield type SiC fiber (real part of permittivity is > 20) to be used as electro-magnetic screen layer precast body, adopts Crude green body is prepared with fiber impregnation cracking technology (PIP), after part to be woven has enough intensity and toughness, is obtained by machining Obtain electro-magnetic screen layer.
Step 2: preparing magnetic wave absorbing patch layer
It pours into open mill and is kneaded uniformly in vulcanization polyurethane rubber and micron magnetic powder (60wt.%), melting temperature Above-mentioned mixture is pressed into the suction wave layer raw stock with a thickness of 0.3~3mm with calender by 25 DEG C~60 DEG C, and is cut into designed Shape is put into mold, elevated temperature cure after molding, magnetic wave absorbing patch material, dielectric constant and dielectric required for obtaining Loss respectively may be about 25 and 0.5, and magnetic conductivity and magnetic loss respectively may be about 8 and 0.4.
Step 3: preparing ceramic matric composite layer
Ceramic matric composite enhances SiO using quartz fibre2Ceramic matric composite selects quartz fibre to be woven The fiber preform for obtaining 1.5mm thickness carries out composite material densification using multiple sol gel technique, finally obtains density About 1.7g/cm3.And by mechanical processing technique manufacturing cycle pre-manufactured hole, sutured convenient for later period and heat-barrier material, pre-manufactured hole Spacing be 20mm, the aperture of pre-manufactured hole is about 2mm.
Step 4: preparing aerogel layer and periodic structure layer
Select fiber reinforcement Al2O3Aerogel material, being processed into thickness respectively includes that 9mm, 5mm and 12mm heat-barrier material are made For thermal insulation layer, the wave transparent type Al with a thickness of 0.5mm thickness is prepared using precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method2O3Fiber reinforcement Al2O3Ceramics Based composites, and use silk-screen printing technique that prepared dielectric loss type high temperature resistant slurry is printed on its surface to obtain electricity Loss-type periodic structure inhales wave layer, and wherein the resistance value of electrocondution slurry is each about 90 Ω/, and periodic structure is circle, diameter point It Wei not 14mm and 20mm.Thermal insulation layer and periodic structure are being inhaled into the preparation of wave layer and composite material week respectively by mechanical processing technique Phase and aperture identical pre-manufactured hole, convenient for suture.
Step 5: wideband prevents heat-insulated camouflage composite material
By above-mentioned prefabricated component according to composite surface material layer, 9mm insulation material layer, periodic structure layer, 5mm heat-barrier material Layer, periodic structure layer, 12mm insulation material layer, bottom surface composite layer sequence lamination, and use Al2O3Fiber is along prefabricated hole site Carry out stitching processing is set, Al is then used2O3Precursor and impregnating cracking technology prepare crude green body, have to prefabricated component enough strong After degree and toughness, carries out machining acquisition suction wave and carry integrated layer.
Step 6: preparing inorganic anti oxidation layer
Using plasma spraying technology in electromagnetic shielding layer surface sprayed glass layer, with a thickness of 0.1mm.
Step 7: the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material patch is glued with heat-insulated stealthy integrated layer and electro-magnetic screen layer using silicon rubber resistant to high temperature It is connected together, it is desirable that shear strength is higher than 4MPa, to guarantee the adhesive strength of the two.The absorbent structure is at 0.5-12GHz Absorbing property it is excellent.
Embodiment 2
Step 1: preparing electro-magnetic screen layer
Two-dimension laminate T300 carbon fiber (conductivity is about 40000S/m) is selected to be used as electro-magnetic screen layer precast body, it is to be woven After part has enough intensity and toughness, electro-magnetic screen layer is obtained by machining.
Step 2: preparing the precursor containing the wave absorbing agent that is magnetic
It is wave absorbing agent, silica solution as solvent using micron magnetism FeNi powders (75wt.%), using mechanical stirring and ultrasound Wave absorbing agent and solvent are thoroughly mixed to form slurry by dispersion etc., to prepare bottom surface electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer.
Step 3: preparing ceramic matric composite layer
Ceramic matric composite layer uses Al2O3Fiber reinforcement Al2O3Ceramic matric composite selects Al2O3Fiber carries out Braiding obtains the fiber preform of 1.5mm thickness, carries out composite material densification using multiple sol gel technique, final to obtain Density is about 1.7g/cm3.And by mechanical processing technique in composite material manufacturing cycle pre-manufactured hole, convenient for the later period with it is heat-insulated The spacing of material suture, pre-manufactured hole is 20mm, and the aperture of pre-manufactured hole is about 2mm.
Step 4: preparing electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer uses silicon nitride fiber reinforced epoxy based composites, and silicon nitride fiber is selected to carry out Braiding obtains the fiber preform of 2mm thickness, and the asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin for the wave absorbing agent that is magnetic will be contained using multiple vacuum impregnation curing process Rouge is introduced into fiber preform, and the final density that obtains is about 2.0g/cm3Polymer matrix composites, dielectric constant and dielectric Loss respectively may be about 30 and 0.4, and magnetic conductivity and magnetic loss respectively may be about 10 and 0.5.
Step 5: preparing aeroge and periodic structure layer
Select fiber reinforcement Al2O3Aerogel material, being processed into thickness respectively includes 8mm, 4mm and 6mm heat-barrier material conduct Thermal insulation layer prepares the wave transparent type Al with a thickness of 0.5mm thickness using precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method2O3Fiber reinforcement Al2O3Ceramic base Composite material, and use silk-screen printing technique that prepared dielectric loss type high temperature resistant slurry is printed on its surface to obtain electric damage Consumption type periodic structure inhales wave layer, and wherein the resistance value of electrocondution slurry respectively may be about 160 Ω/ and 80 Ω/, and periodic structure is side Shape, upper and lower level periodic structure side length is respectively 23.8mm and 34.2mm.By mechanical processing technique respectively by thermal insulation layer and week Phase structure inhales wave layer and prepares pre-manufactured hole identical with composite material period and aperture, convenient for suture.
Step 6: wideband prevents heat-insulated camouflage composite material
By above-mentioned prefabricated component according to composite surface material layer, 8mm insulation material layer, periodic structure layer, 4mm heat-barrier material Layer, periodic structure layer, 6mm insulation material layer, bottom surface composite layer, electro-magnetic screen layer sequence lamination, and use Al2O3Fiber Stitching processing is carried out along pre-manufactured hole position, then uses Al2O3Precursor and impregnating cracking technology prepare crude green body, have to prefabricated component After standby enough intensity and toughness, carries out machining and obtain the integrated layer of suction wave carrying.
Step 7: preparing inorganic anti oxidation layer
Using plasma spraying technology in electromagnetic shielding layer surface sprayed glass layer, with a thickness of 0.1mm.
Step 8: the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property
It is using silicon rubber resistant to high temperature that polymer matrix composites are Nian Jie with heat-insulated stealthy integrated layer and electro-magnetic screen layer Together, it is desirable that shear strength is higher than 4MPa, to guarantee the adhesive strength of the two.The absorbent structure is at 0.5-12GHz Absorbing property is excellent.
Embodiment 3
Step 1: preparing electro-magnetic screen layer
Two-dimension laminate T300 carbon fiber (conductivity is about 40000S/m) is selected to be used as electro-magnetic screen layer precast body, it is to be woven After part has enough intensity and toughness, electro-magnetic screen layer is obtained by machining.
Step 2: preparing the precursor containing the wave absorbing agent that is magnetic
With micron iron powder (75wt.%) for wave absorbing agent, Al2O3Precursor is solvent, using mechanical stirring and ultrasonic disperse etc. Wave absorbing agent and solvent are thoroughly mixed to form slurry, to prepare bottom surface electromagnetic wave absorbing material.
Step 3: preparing ceramic matric composite layer
Ceramic matric composite using silicon nitride fiber enhance silicon Nitride Ceramic Matrix Composites, select silicon nitride fiber into Row braiding obtains the fiber preform of 1.5mm thickness, carries out composite material densification using multiple sol gel technique, finally obtains Obtaining density is about 2.1g/cm3.And by mechanical processing technique in composite material manufacturing cycle pre-manufactured hole, convenient for the later period with every The spacing of hot material suture, pre-manufactured hole is 10mm, and the aperture of pre-manufactured hole is about 1.5mm.
Step 4: preparing electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer
Ceramic matric composite layer enhances silicon Nitride Ceramic Matrix Composites using silicon nitride fiber, selects silicon nitride fiber The fiber preform that braiding obtains 2mm thickness is carried out, using multiple sol gel technique and the precursor containing the wave absorbing agent that is magnetic Composite material is densified, the final density that obtains is about 2.8g/cm3.And by mechanical processing technique in composite material system Standby periodicity pre-manufactured hole, sutures convenient for later period and heat-barrier material, and the spacing of pre-manufactured hole is 25mm, and the aperture of pre-manufactured hole is about 2mm, Its dielectric constant and dielectric loss respectively may be about 20 and 0.2, and magnetic conductivity and magnetic loss respectively may be about 12 and 0.4.
Step 5: preparing aeroge and periodic structure layer
Fiber reinforcement SiCO aerogel material is selected, being processed into thickness respectively includes 18mm heat-barrier material, the heat-insulated material of 12mm Material and 20mm heat-barrier material are as thermal insulation layer；Wave transparent type nitrogen with a thickness of 0.3mm thickness is prepared using precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method Two pieces of SiClx fiber reinforcement silicon Nitride Ceramic Matrix Composites, and use silk-screen printing technique by the resistance to height of prepared dielectric loss type Warm slurry is printed on its surface to obtain dielectric loss type periodic structure and inhale wave layer, wherein the resistance value of bilevel electrocondution slurry It is 180 Ω/, periodic structure is square, and the side length of upper and lower level is respectively 19.75mm and 26.68mm.Finally by machinery Thermal insulation layer and periodic structure are being inhaled wave layer preparation pre-manufactured hole identical with composite material period and aperture respectively by processing technology, just In suture.
Step 6: wideband prevents heat-insulated camouflage composite material
By above-mentioned prefabricated component according to composite surface material layer, 18mm insulation material layer, periodic structure layer, 12mm heat-barrier material Layer, periodic structure layer, 20mm insulation material layer, bottom surface composite layer, electro-magnetic screen layer sequence lamination, and it is fine using silicon nitride Dimension carries out stitching processing along pre-manufactured hole position, then crude green body is prepared using silicon nitride precursor and impregnating cracking technology, to prefabricated After part has enough intensity and toughness, carries out machining and obtain the integrated layer of suction wave carrying.
Step 7: preparing inorganic anti oxidation layer
Using plasma spraying technology in electro-magnetic screen layer outer surface sprayed glass layer, with a thickness of 0.1mm.The absorbent structure Absorbing property at 0.5-12GHz is excellent.

Claims (10)

1. the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of a kind of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property, which is characterized in that the ultra-wideband absorbent structure From outside to inside by inorganic anti oxidation layer (1), ceramic matric composite layer I (2), aerogel layer (3), periodic structure layer (4), ceramics Based composites layer II (5), electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer (6), electro-magnetic screen layer (7) composition；The aerogel layer (3), period Structure sheaf (4) is arranged alternately, but the number of plies of aerogel layer (3) is compared with mostly one layer of periodic structure layer (4).
2. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as described in claim 1 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The inorganic anti oxidation layer (1) is made of glass or mullite, and characteristic thickness is 0.1mm~0.5mm.
3. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as described in claim 1 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The ceramic matric composite layer I (2) and ceramic matric composite layer II (5) is that inorganic wave transparent fiber type enhancing ceramic base is multiple Condensation material layer, wherein inorganic wave transparent fiber type is mullite fiber, SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4In fiber or SiC fiber One or more shufflings/mixed spread；Ceramic matrix material is Al2O3Ceramics, SiC ceramic, SiO2Glass ceramics, mullite Or Si3N4One of ceramics, characteristic thickness are 0.3mm~3mm.
4. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as described in claim 1 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The aerogel layer (3) is fibre-reinforced aerogel material, wherein the aerogel material is Al2O3、SiO2、Al2O3- SiO2Or one of SiCO aerogel material or a variety of, characteristic thickness are 3mm~50mm.
5. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as described in claim 1 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The periodic structure layer (4) is that the identical resistor-type periodic structure unit of multiple areas arranged by constant spacing forms, material Material is that conductive noble metal or its oxide and glass phase are constituted, and is placed between heat-insulated aeroge (3), the periodic cells knot of use One of patterns such as structure pattern is square, round, cross or square annular are a variety of, and periodic structure unit size is 1mm ~50mm.
6. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as described in claim 1 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The fiber reinforcement magnetic loss type ceramic matric composite containing the wave absorbing agent that is magnetic, fiber reinforcement is in described magnetic inhale wave layer (6) Any one in magnetic loss type polymer matrix composites or magnetic wave absorbing patch, thickness is described between 0.2mm~3mm Magnetic wave absorbing agent be one or more of Fe, Co, Ni powder or the metal alloy powder containing Fe, Co, Ni.
7. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as claimed in claim 6 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The reinforcing material of the fiber reinforcement magnetic loss type polymer matrix composites is SiO2Fiber, Al2O3Fiber, Si3N4Fiber or One of SiC fiber or a variety of shufflings/mixed are spread, reisn base material be epoxy resin, polyurethane, vinylite or One of phenolic resin is a variety of.
8. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as claimed in claim 6 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The magnetic wave absorbing patch is made of magnetic absorbent and base material, the base material be vulcanization polyurethane rubber, One of fluorubber or silicon rubber.
9. a kind of ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance as described in claim 1 and mechanical property, which is characterized in that The electro-magnetic screen layer (7) is the electro-magnetic screen layer being made of the fibre-reinforced ceramic matric composite of high conductivity, feature For thickness between 0.2-1mm, feature conductivity is greater than 100S/m.
10. the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of a kind of compatible heat resistance as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 and mechanical property Preparation method, which is characterized in that prepare molding as follows:
Step 1: preparing electro-magnetic screen layer
Two-dimension laminate shield type SiC fiber is selected, real part of permittivity is > 20 or carbon fiber, and conductivity is made greater than 2000S/m For electro-magnetic screen layer precast body, crude green body is prepared using fiber impregnation cracking technology PIP, part to be woven has enough intensity and tough Property after, pass through machining obtain electro-magnetic screen layer；
Step 2: preparation is magnetic to inhale wave layer
When magnetism suction wave layer is fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites, electromagnetic wave absorbing material is added in ceramic precursor and is stirred Uniformly, it selects wave transparent fiber to carry out braiding to obtain fiber preform and inhale wave material by the way that the preparation of precursor infiltration and pyrolysis technique is magnetic The bed of material, with a thickness of 0.3mm~3mm；
When electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is fiber-reinforced resin matrix compound material, electromagnetic wave absorbing material is added in resin and wave transparent Fiber prepares electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer according to conventional composites materials curing process, with a thickness of 0.3mm~3mm；
Electromagnetic wave absorbing material layer is wave absorbing patch, the patch of electromagnetic wave absorbing material required for routinely prepared by wave absorbing patch preparation process Piece；
Step 3: preparing ceramic matric composite layer
It selects wave transparent fiber to carry out braiding and obtains fiber preform, and composite material is prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis technique, With a thickness of 0.5mm~3mm；
Step 4: preparing aerogel layer
According to using temperature to select fibre-reinforced aerogel composite type, the airsetting of specific thicknesses is obtained by machining Glue-line；
Step 5: manufacturing cycle structure sheaf
First by the relative amount of regulation wave absorbing agent, glass powder and organic solvent, the resistance to height with different resistivity is prepared Warm electrocondution slurry；Being prepared using precursor infiltration and pyrolysis method enhances ceramics with a thickness of the inorganic wave transparent fiber type of 0.3-1mm thickness Based composites, and use silk-screen printing technique that prepared dielectric loss type high temperature resistant slurry is printed on its surface to obtain electricity Resistance type periodic structure layer；
Step 6: the ultra-wideband absorbent structure of compatible heat resistance and mechanical property
Ceramic matric composite layer, aerogel layer, periodic structure layer, magnetic suction wave layer, electro-magnetic screen layer are prepared into periodicity Pre-manufactured hole be aligned and sequence lamination is placed, and carries out densification using conventional ceramic precursor infiltration and pyrolysis technique, obtains Heat-insulated camouflage composite material is prevented to ultra-wideband；Using plasma spraying technology in absorbent structure surface sprayed glass layer or mullite Layer, with a thickness of 0.1-0.5mm.
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