CN109673235B - Intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109673235B CN109673235B CN201910155243.5A CN201910155243A CN109673235B CN 109673235 B CN109673235 B CN 109673235B CN 201910155243 A CN201910155243 A CN 201910155243A CN 109673235 B CN109673235 B CN 109673235B
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 310
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 179
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 145
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 50
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002681 soil colloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/001—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders
- A01C23/002—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders provided with auxiliary arrangements, e.g. pumps, agitators, cutters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/001—Sludge spreaders, e.g. liquid manure spreaders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/027—Other methods for delivering fertiliser into the soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly deep irrigation intelligent system for organic fertilizer, which comprises an organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit, an organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit, an organic fertilizer liquid applying unit and a centralized electric control unit; the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit comprises a first underframe, a traveling device, a mixing and stirring box and an organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device; the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit comprises an organic fertilizer conveying pipeline; the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit comprises a reel type PE pipe supply device, a deep ploughing and fertilizing device and an organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of the organic fertilizer can realize the reduction of the whole volume and weight of fertilization equipment and the rolling of farmlands on the premise of realizing deep tillage fertilization of farmlands and reduction of environmental pollution, can realize long-distance and large-area disposable intelligent fertilization operation, can further realize efficient application of the organic fertilizer, and is particularly suitable for applying the organic fertilizer to large farmlands near farmlands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural intelligent system, in particular to an environment-friendly deep-application irrigation intelligent system for organic fertilizer, which is suitable for applying organic fertilizer to farmlands, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent agriculture.
Background
The chemical fertilizer (chemical fertilizer for short) is also called inorganic fertilizer, and is made up by using chemical and/or physical method and contains one or several nutrient elements required for growth of crops. The fertilizer applied in China is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, but phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer are less, and soil nutrition imbalance and soil acidification acceleration can be caused by long-term application. The application of the organic fertilizer can improve the soil structure, improve the absorption capacity of the soil and increase the adsorption capacity of the soil colloid on toxic substances such as heavy metals. So that the application of organic fertilizer to farmlands is advocated in China at present.
The organic fertilizer mainly comes from plants and/or animals, is a carbon-containing material which is applied to soil to provide plant nutrition as a main function, contains more comprehensive nutrient substances, contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and trace elements, can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promotes microorganism reproduction, improves physicochemical properties and biological activity of soil, and is a main nutrient for green food production. However, most of the nutrient elements of the organic fertilizer are in an organic state, are difficult to be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and the nutrient elements are gradually released through chemical and physical actions in soil and fermentation and decomposition of microorganisms.
Most of farmyard manure (also called green manure) is organic fertilizer, the farmyard manure is various and wide in source and large in quantity, is convenient for local material taking and local use, and is low in cost, but the farmyard manure has the defects of bad smell, unsightly appearance and nausea, and is often block-shaped manure of cattle, pigs, chickens and ducks and the like, different in shape, size, softness, viscosity and the like, and fertilizer application operation cannot be performed by using a fertilizer applicator of chemical fertilizer, so that the traditional farmyard manure application mode is that the farmyard manure is transported to a field, crushed and then manually sprayed on the surface of the field, and the manual fertilizer application mode is high in labor intensity, low in efficiency and uneven in fertilizer application, on one hand, the farmyard manure exposed outside the soil causes air pollution, on the other hand causes low fertilizer efficiency and even produces certain side effects on the growth of crops, and a manual soil covering process is generally required.
Aiming at the problems, in the prior art, mechanical equipment such as equipment for applying farmyard manure, equipment for applying farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer in a combined way and the like are present, and the equipment is usually small in particle shape after the farmyard manure is crushed, so that the equipment is mainly characterized in that a screw conveyor is arranged in a fertilizer bin for conveying the crushed and stirred farmyard manure and spraying the crushed and stirred farmyard manure through uniformly distributed discharge ports, and even if an automatic earthing structure is arranged, the automatic earthing can be realized, but the equipment is only applied to shallow soil and cannot be applied to deep soil, so that the seedling burning phenomenon is easy to occur in a sowing stage while the efficiency of decomposing nutrients in soil is limited; in addition, due to the fact that the fertilizer bin provided with the spiral conveyor is arranged, the whole volume and the weight of the fertilizer equipment are large, the fertilizer application power consumption is large in the fertilizer application process, excessive rolling is caused on farmlands, and crop sowing and planting are not facilitated; meanwhile, because the capacity of the fertilizer bin is limited, the fertilizer application area is limited, fertilizer needs to be timely supplemented, and long-distance and large-area one-time fertilization operation cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides an environment-friendly deep-fertilization intelligent system for organic fertilizer, which can reduce the whole volume and weight of fertilization equipment and reduce rolling compaction of farmlands on the premise of realizing deep-tillage fertilization of farmlands and environmental pollution, can realize long-distance and large-area one-time intelligent fertilization operation, can further realize efficient application of organic fertilizer, and is particularly suitable for applying organic fertilizer to large farmlands near farmlands.
In order to achieve the purpose, the intelligent system for the environment-friendly deep-application irrigation of the organic fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit, an organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit, an organic fertilizer liquid applying unit and a centralized electric control unit;
the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit comprises a first underframe, a traveling device, a mixing and stirring box and an organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device;
the front end and/or the rear end of the first underframe are provided with traction mechanisms;
the running gear comprising wheels is arranged below the first underframe;
the mixing and stirring box is fixedly arranged on the first underframe, is of a closed box-type structure or a tank-type structure, and is provided with a raw fertilizer input part, a raw fertilizer crushing part, a diluent pumping part, a mixing and stirring part and a mixed organic fertilizer pumping part; the raw fertilizer input part comprises a raw fertilizer conveyor and a raw fertilizer pumping pipeline, the raw fertilizer conveyor comprises a raw fertilizer conveyor driving mechanism, and the input end of the raw fertilizer conveyor is communicated and connected with the raw fertilizer pumping pipeline; the raw fertilizer crushing part comprises a closed raw fertilizer crushing chamber and a raw fertilizer crushing device arranged in the raw fertilizer crushing chamber, wherein the input end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber is connected with the output end of the raw fertilizer conveyor, the output end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber is communicated with the inner cavity of the mixing and stirring box, and the raw fertilizer crushing device comprises a raw fertilizer crushing mechanism and a raw fertilizer crushing driving mechanism; the diluent pumping part comprises a diluent conveying pump and a diluent conveying pipeline, the diluent conveying pump comprises a diluent conveying driving mechanism, the input end of the diluent conveying pump is communicated and connected with the output end of the diluent conveying pipeline, the output end of the diluent conveying pump is communicated and connected with the input end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber, the input end of the diluent conveying pipeline is communicated and connected with a diluent supply source, and a diluent conveying flow electromagnetic control valve is further arranged on the diluent conveying pipeline; the mixing stirring part comprises a stirring rod and a stirring rod driving mechanism, the stirring rod is arranged in the inner cavity of the mixing stirring box in a supporting way, and stirring blades fixedly connected with the stirring rod are arranged on the stirring rod; the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping part comprises a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump, the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump comprises a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump driving mechanism, the input end of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is communicated and connected with the inner cavity of the mixing and stirring box, and the output end of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is also provided with a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve; an electronic liquid level meter is also arranged on the mixing and stirring box;
The organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device is arranged on the first underframe and comprises an organic fertilizer liquid processing controller, a raw fertilizer pumping-in control loop, a raw fertilizer crushing control loop, a diluent pumping-in control loop, a mixing stirring control loop and a mixed liquid pumping-out control loop, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller is electrically connected with a raw fertilizer conveyor driving mechanism, a raw fertilizer crushing driving mechanism, a diluent conveying flow electromagnetic control valve, a stirring rod driving mechanism, a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump driving mechanism, a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve and an electronic liquid level meter respectively;
the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit comprises an organic fertilizer conveying pipeline, and one end of the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline is connected with an electromagnetic control valve for conveying flow of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping part;
the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit comprises a reel type PE pipe supply device, a deep ploughing and fertilizing device and an organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device;
the reel type PE pipe supply device comprises a second chassis, a travelling mechanism, a reel driving mechanism, a reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism and a fertilizing PE pipe; the second underframe is provided with an auxiliary frame, and the auxiliary frame is connected with the second underframe through a slewing bearing and an auxiliary frame positioning component; the travelling mechanism comprising wheels is arranged below the second underframe; the reel is erected and installed on the auxiliary frame of the second underframe through a support frame; the fertilizing PE pipe is wound on the reel, and the input end of the fertilizing PE pipe is connected with the other end of the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline of the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit; the reel driving mechanism comprises a reel driving gearbox and a power source, the input end of the reel driving gearbox is connected with the output end of the power source, and the output end of the reel driving gearbox is connected with the reel through a transmission mechanism; the reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism is arranged in front of the reel;
The deep ploughing and fertilizing device comprises a vehicle body, lifting wheels, a deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool, a hydraulic control mechanism, an organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism and a soil covering mechanism; the rear end of the vehicle body is provided with a quick connecting mechanism; the lifting wheels are arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body in a lifting way through wheel lifting hydraulic cylinders; the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool is provided with a plurality of deep ploughing and fertilizing machines which are uniformly distributed on the machine body in a row in the left-right direction, the top end of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool is arranged on the machine body, the bottom end of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool is provided with deep ploughing teeth which extend forwards, the rear part of the bottom end of the deep ploughing teeth is provided with a fertilizing spray pipe fixedly arranged and connected with the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool, the bottom end of the fertilizing spray pipe is provided with a fertilizing spray nozzle, and the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool is also provided with a machine tool lifting hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic control mechanism is fixedly arranged at the front part of the vehicle body and comprises a hydraulic pump, a control valve group and a hydraulic oil tank, and the control valve group is respectively connected with the hydraulic pump, the wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder and the machine lifting hydraulic cylinder through hydraulic pipelines; the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism is fixedly arranged on the vehicle body and comprises at least one organic fertilizer liquid inlet and a plurality of organic fertilizer liquid outlets, the organic fertilizer liquid inlet is communicated with the output end of the fertilization PE pipe, and the organic fertilizer liquid outlets are respectively communicated and connected with the top ends of fertilization spray pipes of deep ploughing and fertilizing machines through hoses; the soil covering mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the vehicle body or the rear end of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator and is positioned behind a fertilizer application spray pipe of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator;
The organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device is arranged on the second underframe or the vehicle body and comprises an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, a PE pipe supply device control loop and a deep ploughing fertilizer device control loop, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller is respectively and electrically connected with a power source of the reel driving mechanism and a control valve group of the hydraulic control mechanism;
the centralized electric control unit comprises a central controller, a display, an organic fertilizer liquid processing control loop and an organic fertilizer liquid applying control loop, wherein the central controller is respectively and electrically connected with the display, the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller of the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit and the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller of the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit, and the central controller also comprises a fertilizing data input and output port.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a flow sensor or a pressure sensor is arranged in the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism, a back flush exhaust port with a back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve is also arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism, the back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve, the flow sensor or the pressure sensor are electrically connected with an organic fertilizer liquid application controller, and the centralized electric control unit also comprises a back flush control loop; the intelligent system for the environment-friendly deep-application irrigation of the organic fertilizer is further provided with a back flushing device, the back flushing device comprises a back flushing water tank, a back flushing pump and a back flushing spray gun, the back flushing water tank with back flushing water inside is arranged on a traction locomotive or a deep-ploughing fertilization device, the back flushing pump with a back flushing pump driving mechanism is arranged on the back flushing water tank, the input end of the back flushing pump is communicated and connected with the back flushing water tank, the output end of the back flushing pump is connected with the input end of the back flushing spray gun through a back flushing overflow valve and a hose, the input end of the back flushing overflow valve or the back flushing spray gun is further provided with a back flushing input electromagnetic stop valve, the back flushing input electromagnetic stop valve is electrically connected with an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, the back flushing spray gun is arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism, the nozzle of the back flushing spray gun is communicated and connected with the inner cavity of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism, and the nozzle spraying direction of the back flushing spray gun is opposite to the flowing direction of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid.
As one implementation mode of the back flushing pump driving mechanism, the back flushing pump driving mechanism is a transmission shaft structure connected with a power output shaft of a gearbox of a traction locomotive.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the number of the organic fertilizer liquid outlets matched with the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism of the back flush spray gun is multiple, and each organic fertilizer liquid outlet is provided with the back flush spray gun.
As one implementation mode of the earthing mechanism, the earthing mechanism is an earthing roller which is arranged in a rolling way in the front-back direction, the earthing roller is hinged at the rear end of a vehicle body through a connecting frame, a connecting frame swinging limiting part which can prevent the earthing roller from hanging to the ground when a lifting wheel is in a state of supporting the vehicle body is arranged on the vehicle body, a plurality of earthing rods which are uniformly distributed along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the earthing roller are arranged on the outer surface of the earthing roller, and the earthing rods are arranged along the radial direction of the earthing roller.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the top end of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator is hinged on the vehicle body, the bottom end of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator is of a hook-shaped structure which is bent forwards, one end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator is hinged on the vehicle body, and the other end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator is hinged on the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a plurality of deep ploughing fertilizer applicators are arranged in at least two rows in the front-back direction of the vehicle body, and the two rows of deep ploughing fertilizer applicators are staggered in the left-right direction.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the upper part of the vehicle body is also hinged and provided with a vehicle body pitching hydraulic cylinder which is connected with a control valve group of the hydraulic control device through a hydraulic pipeline; the quick connecting mechanism at the front end of the vehicle body is a hinged seat structure.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism is a sealed barrel-shaped structure which is vertically arranged, the liquid inlets are coaxially arranged at the top of the barrel-shaped structure, a plurality of liquid inlets are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure along the circumferential direction, the liquid inlets are arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism through a horizontal rotary installation part, and the liquid inlets of the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism can freely rotate around the axial lead of the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the first underframe and/or the second underframe are/is also provided with an underframe positioning and supporting mechanism.
Compared with the prior art, the intelligent system for environment-friendly deep-fertilization irrigation of the organic fertilizer is a digital intelligent system with good flexibility, and because the intelligent system is provided with the independently arranged organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit, after receiving farmyard manure data and data to be fertilized through the fertilization data input and output port, the intelligent system can automatically prepare mixed organic fertilizer liquid through the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit, and the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit does not enter farmlands to fertilize along with a deep-tillage fertilization device, the integral volume and weight of the deep-tillage fertilization device can be greatly reduced, and rolling of farmlands is reduced; the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit comprises a reel type PE pipe supply device, and the fertilizing PE pipe is wound on the reel, so that long-distance and large-area disposable intelligent fertilizing operation can be realized, and the reel type PE pipe supply device does not follow the deep ploughing fertilizing device to enter farmlands for fertilizing, so that the whole volume and weight of the deep ploughing fertilizing device can be further reduced, and the rolling of farmlands can be reduced; the deep ploughing and fertilizing device can carry out traction fertilization through a traction locomotive such as a tractor, and the deep ploughing power of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device is derived from the traction locomotive, so that the whole volume and the weight of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device can be further reduced, the rolling of farmlands can be reduced, and meanwhile, the deep ploughing and fertilizing device is provided with a soil covering mechanism, so that the deep ploughing and fertilizing device can be pulled by the traction locomotive to carry out deep ploughing operation on farmlands, and meanwhile, mixed organic fertilizer liquid can directly enter deep fertilization and automatic soil covering below the surface of the farmlands; due to the arrangement of the back flushing device, the blockage of the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism caused by precipitation can be prevented, the long-time continuous and uniform fertilization of the deep tillage fertilization device can be ensured, and the fertilization mode of the fully-closed type structure of the mixed stirring box and the deep tillage fertilization earthing can reduce the pollution degree of farmyard manure to air on the premise of realizing efficient application of the organic fertilizer, and the device is particularly suitable for applying the organic fertilizer to large farmlands near farmlands.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a deep ploughing and fertilizing organic fertilizer in a farmland located near a farm;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an organic fertilizer liquid applying unit of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device in a state of recovering a fertilizing PE pipe;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device of the invention when the vehicle body is supported by the lifting wheel;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device of the present invention when the tractor is used for deep ploughing;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device according to the invention in the working state;
FIG. 7 is a top view of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the organic fertilizer liquid dispensing mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit comprises an organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 11, a first underframe, a second underframe, a traveling device 13, a mixing stirring box 14, a raw fertilizer input part 15, a raw fertilizer crushing part 16, a diluent pumping part 17, a mixing stirring part 18, a mixed organic fertilizer pumping part 2, an organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 3, an organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 31, a reel type PE pipe supply device 311, a second underframe 312, a traveling mechanism 313, a reel 314, a reel driving mechanism 315, a reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism 32, a deep ploughing fertilizer device 321, a vehicle body 322, lifting wheels 323, a deep ploughing fertilizer applying machine tool 324, a hydraulic control mechanism 325, an organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 326, a soil covering mechanism 4 and a farmyard manure centralized fermentation treatment tank.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings (hereinafter, the direction in which the deep-ploughing and fertilizing device 32 pulls out the fertilizing PE pipe will be described as the front).
As shown in fig. 1, the intelligent system for the environment-friendly deep irrigation of the organic fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1, an organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2, an organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 and a centralized electric control unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 comprises a first underframe 11, a traveling device 12, a mixing and stirring box 13 and an organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device;
the front end and/or the rear end of the first underframe 11 is provided with a traction mechanism, and the first underframe 11 is also provided with a positioning and supporting device;
a running gear 12 comprising wheels is arranged below the first underframe 11; the mixing and stirring box 13 is fixedly arranged on the first underframe 11;
the mixing and stirring box 13 is of a closed box-shaped structure or a tank-shaped structure, and the mixing and stirring box 13 is provided with a raw fertilizer input part 14, a raw fertilizer crushing part 15, a diluent pump-in part 16, a mixing and stirring part 17 and a mixed organic fertilizer pump-out part 18; the raw fertilizer input part 14 comprises a raw fertilizer conveyor and a raw fertilizer pumping pipeline, the raw fertilizer conveyor comprises a raw fertilizer conveyor driving mechanism, the input end of the raw fertilizer conveyor is communicated and connected with the raw fertilizer pumping pipeline, and the raw fertilizer conveyor can be of a spiral conveyor structure or a pump structure; the raw fertilizer crushing part 15 comprises a closed raw fertilizer crushing chamber and a raw fertilizer crushing device arranged in the raw fertilizer crushing chamber, wherein the input end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber is connected with the output end of a raw fertilizer conveyor, the output end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber is communicated with the inner cavity of the mixing and stirring box 13, the raw fertilizer crushing device comprises a raw fertilizer crushing mechanism and a raw fertilizer crushing driving mechanism, and the raw fertilizer crushing mechanism can be a blade type crushing structure comprising a plurality of crushing blades or a hammer type crushing structure comprising a plurality of hammer pieces; the diluent pumping part 16 comprises a diluent conveying pump and a diluent conveying pipeline, the diluent conveying pump comprises a diluent conveying driving mechanism, the input end of the diluent conveying pump is communicated and connected with the output end of the diluent conveying pipeline, the output end of the diluent conveying pump is communicated and connected with the input end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber, the diluent conveying pump can be a constant delivery pump or a variable pump, the input end of the diluent conveying pipeline is communicated and connected with a diluent supply source, the diluent conveying pipeline is also provided with a diluent conveying flow electromagnetic control valve, and the diluent can directly adopt water or diluted fertilizer solution; the mixing stirring part 17 comprises a stirring rod and a stirring rod driving mechanism, the stirring rod is arranged in the inner cavity of the mixing stirring box 13 in a supporting way, and stirring blades fixedly connected with the stirring rod are arranged on the stirring rod; the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part 18 comprises a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump, the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump comprises a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump driving mechanism, the input end of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is communicated and connected with the inner cavity of the mixing stirring box 13, and the output end of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is also provided with a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve; an electronic liquid level meter is also arranged on the mixing and stirring box 13; the driving mechanism of the raw fertilizer conveyor, the driving mechanism of the raw fertilizer crushing, the driving mechanism of the diluent conveying, the driving mechanism of the stirring rod and the driving mechanism of the mixed organic fertilizer conveying pump can provide power through the total power source of the mixed stirring box, and the total power source of the mixed stirring box can be an engine which is independently arranged or a transmission part which is driven by the power output shaft of the gearbox of the traction vehicle;
The organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device is arranged on the first underframe 11 and comprises an organic fertilizer liquid processing controller, a raw fertilizer pumping control loop, a raw fertilizer crushing control loop, a diluent pumping control loop, a mixing stirring control loop and a mixed liquid pumping control loop, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller is electrically connected with a raw fertilizer conveyor driving mechanism, a raw fertilizer crushing driving mechanism, a diluent conveying flow electromagnetic control valve, a stirring rod driving mechanism, a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump driving mechanism, a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve and an electronic liquid level meter respectively.
The organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2 comprises an organic fertilizer conveying pipeline, and one end of the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline is connected with the electromagnetic control valve of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part 18.
As shown in fig. 3, the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 comprises a reel type PE pipe supply device 31, a deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 and an organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device;
the reel PE pipe supply device 31 comprises a second chassis 311, a travelling mechanism 312, a reel 313, a reel driving mechanism 314, a reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism 315 and a fertilizing PE pipe; the second underframe 311 is provided with an auxiliary frame, and the auxiliary frame is connected with the second underframe 311 through a slewing bearing and an auxiliary frame positioning component; the travelling mechanism 312 comprising wheels is arranged below the second underframe 311; the reel 313 is arranged on the auxiliary frame of the second underframe 311 through a support frame; the fertilization PE pipe is wound on the reel 313, and the input end of the fertilization PE pipe is connected with the other end of the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline of the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2; the reel driving mechanism 314 comprises a reel driving gearbox and a power source, wherein the input end of the reel driving gearbox is connected with the output end of the power source, the power source can adopt an engine or a motor, the output end of the reel driving gearbox is provided with a clutch control mechanism, the output end of the reel driving gearbox is connected with the reel 313 through a transmission mechanism, and the power source can control the reel driving gearbox to drive the reel 313 to rotate so as to realize recycling of the fertilization PE pipe; the reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism 315 is arranged in front of the reel 313, and the reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism 315 can wind and guide the fertilization PE pipe in the process of rewinding the reel 313, limit the fertilization PE pipe after being completely recovered and control the reel 313 to stop rewinding;
As shown in fig. 4, 6 and 7, the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 comprises a vehicle body 321, lifting wheels 322, a deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323, a hydraulic control mechanism 324, an organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 and a soil covering mechanism 326; the rear end of the vehicle body 321 is provided with a quick connecting mechanism; lifting wheels 322 are arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body 321 in a lifting way through wheel lifting hydraulic cylinders, and lifting of the lifting wheels 322 can be controlled by controlling the expansion and contraction of the wheel lifting hydraulic cylinders; the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323 is arranged into a plurality of pieces, the plurality of pieces of deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323 are uniformly distributed on the vehicle body 321 in a row in the left-right direction, a spacing adjusting mechanism can be arranged between two adjacent pieces of deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323 so as to adjust the deep ploughing spacing, the top end of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323 is arranged on the vehicle body 321, deep ploughing teeth which extend forwards are arranged at the bottom end of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323, a fertilizing spray pipe fixedly arranged and connected with the deep ploughing teeth is arranged at the rear part of the bottom end of the deep ploughing teeth, a fertilizing spray nozzle is arranged at the bottom end of the fertilizing spray pipe, and a machine lifting hydraulic cylinder is further arranged on the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323, so that the deep ploughing depth can be changed by controlling the extension and retraction of the machine lifting hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic control mechanism 324 is fixedly arranged at the front part of the vehicle body 321 and comprises a hydraulic pump, a control valve group and a hydraulic oil tank, and the control valve group is respectively connected with the hydraulic pump, the wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder and the tool lifting hydraulic cylinder through hydraulic pipelines; the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 is fixedly installed on the vehicle body 321, as shown in fig. 8, the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 comprises at least one organic fertilizer liquid inlet and a plurality of organic fertilizer liquid outlets, the organic fertilizer liquid inlet is communicated and connected with the output end of the fertilization PE pipe, and the organic fertilizer liquid outlets are respectively communicated and connected with the top ends of the fertilization spray pipes of the deep ploughing fertilization machine 323 through hoses; the soil covering mechanism 326 is installed at the rear end of the vehicle body 321 or the rear end of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator 323 and is positioned at the rear of the fertilizer application spray pipe of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator 323, and the soil covering mechanism 326 can be a soil covering guide plate structure or a soil covering roller structure;
The organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device is arranged on the chassis II 311 or the vehicle body 321 and comprises an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, a PE pipe supply device control loop and a deep ploughing fertilizer device control loop, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller is respectively and electrically connected with a power source of the reel driving mechanism 314 and a control valve group of the hydraulic control mechanism 324.
The centralized electric control unit comprises a central controller, a display, an organic fertilizer liquid processing control loop and an organic fertilizer liquid applying control loop, wherein the central controller is respectively and electrically connected with the display, the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller of the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit 1 and the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller of the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3, and the central controller also comprises a fertilizing data input and output port and can be respectively and electrically connected with the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller of the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit 1 and the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller of the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 in a radio connection mode.
The intelligent system for the environment-friendly deep irrigation of the organic fertilizer has good flexibility, and the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 can directly carry out traction transition through a traction vehicle in a transition transportation state; the fertilizing PE pipe of the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 is completely wound on the reel 313, the deep ploughing fertilizing device 32 is accommodated on the reel rollback guiding and limiting mechanism 315 on the second auxiliary frame 311 of the chassis, when in the accommodating state, the wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder is in an extending state to enable the lifting wheel 322 to be in a state of supporting the vehicle body 321, and the machine lifting hydraulic cylinder is in a retracting state to enable the deep ploughing fertilizing machine 323 to be in a lifting state, so that the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 can directly carry out traction transition through the traction vehicle; the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 can also be hung behind the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit 1 for transferring, namely, the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit 1 and the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 are in traction transfer by the same traction vehicle.
When the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 and the organic fertilizer liquid application unit 3 are pulled to a field head of a non-planted crop to carry out organic fertilizer application, for farmlands far away from a farm, raw fertilizer can be transported by a raw fertilizer transport tank car, a raw fertilizer pumping pipeline of the raw fertilizer input part 14 can be directly connected with a discharge port of the raw fertilizer transport tank car, and an organic fertilizer conveying pipeline of the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2 can adopt a hose structure suitable for short-distance conveying; for farmlands near farmlands, as shown in fig. 1, since farmlands generally have farmyard manure centralized fermentation treatment tanks 4, a raw manure pumping pipeline of a raw manure input part 14 can be directly connected with a discharge port of the farmyard manure centralized fermentation treatment tanks 4, organic manure conveying pipelines of an organic manure liquid conveying unit 2 can be preset around farmlands, and a plurality of openable and closable valves can be arranged at different distance positions on the organic manure conveying pipelines.
Taking farmlands near farmlands as an example, carrying out organic fertilizer application, taking water as diluent, stopping an organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 near a concentrated farm manure fermentation treatment tank 4, stopping an organic fertilizer liquid application unit 3 at a field head, connecting a raw fertilizer pumping pipeline of a raw fertilizer input part 14 with a discharge port of the concentrated farm manure fermentation treatment tank 4, connecting two ends of an organic fertilizer conveying pipeline of an organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2 with an electromagnetic control valve of a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow of a mixed organic fertilizer liquid pump outlet part 18 and an input end of a fertilization PE pipe respectively, and connecting an input end of the diluent conveying pipeline with a diluent supply source, so that a system can be started;
An operator inputs farmyard manure data of a centralized fermentation treatment pond and fertilization data required by farmlands into a central controller through a fertilization data input and output port, the central controller calculates and stores required raw manure and diluent according to the volume of a mixing stirring box 13 and an internal organic manure liquid preparation program, then the central controller controls an organic manure liquid processing control loop to start working according to a calculation result, the organic manure liquid processing controller controls a raw manure conveyor driving mechanism, a raw manure crushing driving mechanism, a diluent conveying driving mechanism and a stirring rod driving mechanism to start working simultaneously, raw manure discharged from a discharge port of the farmyard manure centralized fermentation treatment pond 4 enters a raw manure crushing part 15 to be crushed under the drive of a raw manure input part 14, diluent is sprayed into the raw manure crushing part 15 under the drive of a diluent pump part 16, the diluent is sprayed into the mixing stirring box 13 to prevent blockage caused by adhesion of the raw manure in the raw manure crushing part 15, the raw manure is crushed and mixed into the mixing stirring box 13 to be stirred after the input raw manure reaches a set numerical value, the organic manure controller and the organic manure liquid is controlled to stop working of the mixing stirring machine driving mechanism, and the raw manure liquid is controlled to stop working and the raw manure liquid is continuously conveyed to the mixing stirring mechanism when the input raw manure reaches the set numerical value and the set numerical value;
When the organic fertilizer liquid processing control loop starts to work, the central controller sends out an instruction to control the organic fertilizer liquid applying control loop to start to work, after the auxiliary frame of the second rotary underframe 311 enables the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 to be opposite to farmlands to be fertilized, the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller controls the reel driving mechanism 314 to act so as to enable the reel 313 to reversely rotate, and the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 accommodated on the auxiliary frame of the second underframe 311 falls to the ground under the guiding action of the guiding mechanism; then, an operator connects the quick connecting mechanism at the front end of the vehicle body 321 with the connecting frame at the rear end of the tractor, and connects the power input end of the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic control mechanism 324 with the output shaft of the gearbox of the tractor through a universal coupling, and the tractor is in a standby state;
after the set time is reached, after the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller feeds back that the mixed organic fertilizer liquid is prepared uniformly, the central controller sends a signal to an operator, the operator can start the tractor, the gearbox of the tractor drives the hydraulic pump of the hydraulic control mechanism 324 to start working, then the central controller sends an instruction to enable the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller to control the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part 18 to start working, the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump starts working while the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve is opened, and the prepared mixed organic fertilizer liquid sequentially enters the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 through the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline and the fertilizing PE pipe of the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2, enters all fertilizing spray pipes of the deep ploughing fertilizing machine 323 through the organic fertilizer liquid outlet of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325, and finally is sprayed out through the fertilizing spray pipes; when the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part 18 starts to work, the tractor drives the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 to move forwards, the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller controls the reel driving mechanism 314 to act so that the reel 313 rotates reversely to discharge the fertilizing PE pipe, and the reel driving mechanism 314 stops working until the fertilizing PE pipe is completely discharged; in the forward moving process of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32, as shown in fig. 5, the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller controls the control valve group of the hydraulic control mechanism 324 to enable the wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract and the machine lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend, the lifting wheel 322 is lifted to enable the vehicle body 321 to be close to the ground, meanwhile, deep ploughing teeth of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323 are ploughed below the ground surface, mixed organic fertilizer liquid sprayed through the fertilizing nozzles is sprayed directly below the ground surface, and in the forward moving process of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32, the soil covering mechanism 326 positioned behind the fertilizing nozzles of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine 323 is used for covering soil on the grooves ploughed by the deep ploughing teeth at the same time, namely, the tractor is used for pulling the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 to perform deep ploughing operation on the farmland, and meanwhile, mixed organic fertilizer liquid is directly fed below the ground surface to perform deep fertilization and automatic soil covering;
In the deep ploughing and fertilizing process, when the liquid level of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid fed back by the electronic liquid level meter of the mixing stirring box 13 is lower than the set liquid level, the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller repeatedly carries out the preparation steps of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid;
after deep ploughing fertilization is finished, an operator sends a signal to a central controller, the central controller firstly controls and controls an organic fertilizer liquid processing control loop to start working and stop working, an electromagnetic control valve for conveying mixed organic fertilizer liquid is closed, and a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is stopped working at the same time, then the central controller sends an instruction to an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller controls a control valve group of a hydraulic control mechanism 324 to enable a wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder to extend and enable an implement lifting hydraulic cylinder to retract to an initial state, after the operator dismantles a deep ploughing fertilization device 32 and a tractor, the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller controls a reel driving mechanism 314 to act to enable a reel 313 to rotate forward for recycling of fertilization PE pipes, the deep ploughing fertilization device 32 is driven to retract in the fertilization PE pipe recycling process, after the deep ploughing fertilization device 32 is retracted onto a reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism 315, the power source of a reel driving mechanism 314 is closed, and a field transferring operation can be carried out after a traction vehicle is connected with the rear end of a chassis two 311; when the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 is retracted, the raw fertilizer pumping pipeline of the raw fertilizer input part 14, the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline of the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit 2 and the diluent conveying pipeline are removed, and the traction vehicle is connected with the first chassis 11 to perform the transfer operation.
In the fertilization process, because the conveying pipeline is longer and the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part 18 is far away from the fertilization spray pipe, in order to prevent the blockage phenomenon of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 caused by precipitation, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, a flow sensor or a pressure sensor is arranged in the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325, a back flush exhaust port with a back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve is also arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325, and the back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve, the flow sensor or the pressure sensor are electrically connected with an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, and the centralized electric control unit also comprises a back flush control loop; the intelligent system for environment-friendly deep-irrigation of the organic fertilizer is further provided with a back flushing device, the back flushing device comprises a back flushing water tank, a back flushing pump and a back flushing spray gun, the back flushing water tank with back flushing water inside is arranged on a traction locomotive or a deep-ploughing fertilizing device 32, the back flushing pump with a back flushing pump driving mechanism is arranged on the back flushing water tank, the input end of the back flushing pump is communicated and connected with the back flushing water tank, the output end of the back flushing pump is connected with the input end of the back flushing spray gun through a back flushing overflow valve and a hose, the input end of the back flushing overflow valve or the back flushing spray gun is further provided with a back flushing input electromagnetic stop valve, the back flushing input electromagnetic stop valve is electrically connected with an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, the back flushing pump driving mechanism can be a transmission shaft structure connected with a power output shaft of the traction locomotive, or a hydraulic motor structure connected with a hydraulic pump of a hydraulic control mechanism 324 through a hydraulic pipeline, the back flushing spray gun is arranged on an organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325, a nozzle of the back flushing spray gun is communicated and connected with an inner cavity of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism, and the jet direction of the back flushing spray gun is opposite to the flow direction of mixed organic fertilizer liquid. The back flush pump always works, the back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve and the back flush input electromagnetic stop valve are in the cut-off state in the deep ploughing fertilization process, back flush water pumped by the back flush pump flows back to the back flush water tank through the back flush overflow valve, when the flow value fed back by the flow sensor is lower than the set value or the pressure value fed back by the pressure sensor is higher than the set value, the central controller controls the back flush control loop to start working, the central controller firstly sends out an instruction to enable the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller to control the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pump output part 18 to stop working, then the central controller sends out an instruction to enable the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller to control the back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve and the back flush input electromagnetic stop valve to be opened simultaneously, the mixed organic fertilizer liquid in the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 flows under the action of atmospheric pressure from the fertilizing nozzle of the deep ploughing fertilizer distributing mechanism 323 to the position below the farmland surface, the back flush water pumped by the back flush pump is sprayed out through the nozzle of the back flush spray gun, the generated mixed organic fertilizer liquid flows into the inner cavity of the back flush fertilizer distributing mechanism through the back flush nozzle of the back flush fertilizer spraying gun to the position below the farmland surface, and after the set time, the central controller sends out an instruction to enable the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller to enable the mixed organic fertilizer liquid to flow into the farmland fertilizer processing controller to flow under the position to control the position to enable the mixed organic fertilizer liquid to be simultaneously controlled by the back flush liquid applying controller to control the mixed organic fertilizer liquid to be applied by the back flush liquid. The back flushing device can ensure that the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 continuously and uniformly fertilizes for a long time.
In order to achieve a better back flushing effect, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, the number of the organic fertilizer liquid outlets matched with the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism 325 is set to be multiple, and each organic fertilizer liquid outlet is provided with a back flushing spray gun.
As one embodiment of the earthing mechanism 326, the earthing mechanism 326 is an earthing roller which is arranged in a rolling way in the front-back direction, the earthing roller is hinged at the rear end of the vehicle body 321 through a connecting frame, the vehicle body 321 is provided with a connecting frame swinging limiting component which can prevent the earthing roller from hanging to the ground when the lifting wheel 322 is in a state of supporting the vehicle body 321, the outer surface of the earthing roller is provided with a plurality of earthing bars which are uniformly distributed along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the earthing roller, and the earthing bars are arranged along the radial direction of the earthing roller. The soil covering roller is driven to roll on the surface of the farmland in the forward moving process of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32, and the soil stirring rod can stir soil to cover soil in the rolling process of the soil covering roller.
In order to increase the overall strength of the deep-ploughing fertilizer applicator 323 in the deep-ploughing operation process, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, the top end of the deep-ploughing fertilizer applicator 323 is hinged on the vehicle body 321, the bottom end of the deep-ploughing fertilizer applicator 323 is of a hook-shaped structure which is bent forward, one end of an implement lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the vehicle body 321, the other end of the implement lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the deep-ploughing fertilizer applicator 323, the deep-ploughing fertilizer applicator 323 can be controlled to rotate around the hinged center by controlling the extension and retraction of the implement lifting hydraulic cylinder, the deep-ploughing depth is further changed, and the deep-ploughing fertilizer applicator 323 of the hook-shaped structure has better overall strength.
In order to further ensure the deep ploughing and fertilizing effect, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, a plurality of deep ploughing and fertilizing machines 323 are at least arranged in two rows in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body 321, and the two rows of deep ploughing and fertilizing machines 323 are staggered in the left-right direction, and the staggered deep ploughing and fertilizing machines 323 can reduce the forward resistance on the premise of ensuring the width of the adjustment, so that the deep ploughing and fertilizing effect is further ensured.
In order to further increase the depth of deep ploughing and fertilizing, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, a vehicle body pitching hydraulic cylinder is also hinged and installed on the upper part of the vehicle body 321, and is connected with a control valve group of the hydraulic control mechanism 324 through a hydraulic pipeline; the rapid connecting mechanism at the front end of the vehicle body 321 is a hinged seat structure; after the quick connecting mechanism at the front end of the vehicle body 321 is hinged with the connecting frame at the rear end of the traction locomotive, the telescopic end of the vehicle body pitching hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the upper part of the connecting frame at the rear end of the traction locomotive, and then the pitching angle of the vehicle body 321 can be adjusted by controlling the telescopic operation of the vehicle body pitching hydraulic cylinder in the deep tillage fertilization process, so that the deep tillage fertilization depth is increased.
In order to reduce the bending of the fertilizing PE pipe under the condition of smaller turning radius as much as possible in the turning movement process of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 by the traction locomotive, and further protect the fertilizing PE pipe and prolong the service life of the fertilizing PE pipe, as shown in fig. 8, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 is of a sealed cylindrical structure which is vertically arranged, the liquid inlets are coaxially arranged at the top of the cylindrical structure, the liquid inlets are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical structure along the circumferential direction, the liquid inlets are arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 by a horizontal rotation installing component, the liquid inlets of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 can freely rotate around the axis of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325, and further realize the conditions that the fertilizing PE pipe does not follow the turning and the bending of the fertilizing PE pipe under the condition of smaller turning radius in the turning movement process of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 by the traction locomotive, and realize the protection of the fertilizing PE pipe and the service life of the fertilizing PE pipe.
In the deep ploughing and fertilizing process, in order to prevent the organic fertilizer liquid preparing unit 1 and/or the reel type PE pipe supply device 31 from shifting or tilting due to vibration and the like, and further influence the conveying of the organic fertilizer liquid, as a further improvement scheme of the invention, the first chassis 11 and/or the second chassis 311 are also provided with a chassis positioning and supporting mechanism, and the chassis positioning and supporting mechanism can adopt a supporting cylinder structure capable of vertically extending downwards to lift the second chassis 311 off the ground integrally, or can adopt other positioning and supporting structures such as a telescopic front supporting structure capable of extending and inserting into the ground.
The fertilizer and farmyard manure are mixed together to fully supply nutrients required by crop growth, so that the nutrient fixation can be reduced, the fertilizer efficiency can be improved, the storage can be ensured, the loss can be reduced, the nutrient absorption condition of crops can be improved, the activity of microorganisms can be promoted, and the decomposition of farmyard manure can be promoted.
The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer is a digital intelligent system with good flexibility, and because the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 is arranged independently, after farmyard manure data and data to be fertilized are received through a fertilization data input and output port, the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 can automatically prepare mixed organic fertilizer liquid, and the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit 1 does not enter farmlands to fertilize along with the deep ploughing fertilizer device 32, so that the integral volume and weight of the deep ploughing fertilizer device 32 can be greatly reduced, and rolling of farmlands is reduced; because the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit 3 comprises the reel type PE pipe supplying device 31, and the fertilizing PE pipe is wound on the reel 313, the long-distance and large-area disposable intelligent fertilizing operation can be realized, and the reel type PE pipe supplying device 31 does not enter farmlands for fertilizing along with the deep ploughing fertilizing device 32, so that the whole volume and the weight of the deep ploughing fertilizing device 32 can be further reduced, and the rolling compaction of farmlands can be reduced; because the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 can carry out traction fertilization through a traction locomotive such as a tractor, and the deep ploughing power of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 is derived from the traction locomotive, the whole volume and weight of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 can be further reduced, the rolling compaction of farmlands can be reduced, and meanwhile, because the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 is provided with the soil covering mechanism 326, the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 can be pulled by the traction locomotive to carry out deep ploughing operation on farmlands, and meanwhile, mixed organic fertilizer liquid can directly enter deep fertilization and automatic soil covering below the surface of the farmlands; due to the back flushing device, the blockage of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism 325 caused by precipitation can be prevented, the long-time continuous and uniform fertilization of the deep ploughing and fertilizing device 32 can be ensured, the fully-closed mixed stirring box 13 and the fertilizing mode of deep ploughing and fertilizing and earthing can reduce the pollution degree of farmyard manure to air on the premise of realizing efficient application of organic fertilizer, and the device is particularly suitable for applying organic fertilizer to large farmlands near farmlands.
Claims (10)
1. The intelligent system for the environment-friendly deep irrigation of the organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising an organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit (1), an organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit (2), an organic fertilizer liquid applying unit (3) and a centralized electric control unit;
the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit (1) comprises a first underframe (11), a traveling device (12), a mixing and stirring box (13) and an organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device;
the front end and/or the rear end of the first underframe (11) is provided with a traction mechanism;
a running gear (12) comprising wheels is arranged below the first underframe (11);
the mixing and stirring box (13) is fixedly arranged on the first underframe (11), the mixing and stirring box (13) is of a closed box structure or a tank structure, and the mixing and stirring box (13) is provided with a raw fertilizer input part (14), a raw fertilizer crushing part (15), a diluent pumping part (16), a mixing and stirring part (17) and a mixed organic fertilizer pumping part (18); the raw fertilizer input part (14) comprises a raw fertilizer conveyor and a raw fertilizer pumping pipeline, the raw fertilizer conveyor comprises a raw fertilizer conveyor driving mechanism, and the input end of the raw fertilizer conveyor is communicated and connected with the raw fertilizer pumping pipeline; the raw fertilizer crushing part (15) comprises a closed raw fertilizer crushing chamber and a raw fertilizer crushing device arranged in the raw fertilizer crushing chamber, wherein the input end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber is connected with the output end of the raw fertilizer conveyor, the output end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber is communicated with the inner cavity of the mixing and stirring box (13), and the raw fertilizer crushing device comprises a raw fertilizer crushing mechanism and a raw fertilizer crushing driving mechanism; the diluent pumping part (16) comprises a diluent conveying pump and a diluent conveying pipeline, the diluent conveying pump comprises a diluent conveying driving mechanism, the input end of the diluent conveying pump is communicated and connected with the output end of the diluent conveying pipeline, the output end of the diluent conveying pump is communicated and connected with the input end of the raw fertilizer crushing chamber, the input end of the diluent conveying pipeline is communicated and connected with a diluent supply source, and a diluent conveying flow electromagnetic control valve is further arranged on the diluent conveying pipeline; the mixing stirring part (17) comprises a stirring rod and a stirring rod driving mechanism, the stirring rod is arranged in the inner cavity of the mixing stirring box (13) in a supporting way, and stirring blades fixedly connected with the stirring rod are arranged on the stirring rod; the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part (18) comprises a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump, the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump comprises a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump driving mechanism, the input end of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is communicated and connected with the inner cavity of the mixing stirring box (13), and the output end of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump is also provided with a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve; an electronic liquid level meter is also arranged on the mixing and stirring box (13);
The organic fertilizer liquid processing electric control device is arranged on the first underframe (11) and comprises an organic fertilizer liquid processing controller, a raw fertilizer pumping control loop, a raw fertilizer crushing control loop, a diluent pumping control loop, a mixing stirring control loop and a mixed liquid pumping control loop, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller is respectively and electrically connected with a raw fertilizer conveyor driving mechanism, a raw fertilizer crushing driving mechanism, a diluent conveying flow electromagnetic control valve, a stirring rod driving mechanism, a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying pump driving mechanism, a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve and an electronic liquid level meter;
the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit (2) comprises an organic fertilizer conveying pipeline, and one end of the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline is connected with a mixed organic fertilizer liquid conveying flow electromagnetic control valve of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid pumping-out part (18);
the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit (3) comprises a reel type PE pipe supply device (31), a deep ploughing and fertilizing device (32) and an organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device;
the reel PE pipe supply device (31) comprises a second underframe (311), a travelling mechanism (312), a reel (313), a reel driving mechanism (314), a reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism (315) and a fertilizing PE pipe; an auxiliary frame is arranged on the second underframe (311), and the auxiliary frame is connected with the second underframe (311) in a mounting way through a slewing bearing and an auxiliary frame positioning part; the travelling mechanism (312) comprising wheels is arranged below the second underframe (311); the reel (313) is erected and installed on the auxiliary frame of the second underframe (311) through a support frame; the fertilizing PE pipe is wound on a reel (313), and the input end of the fertilizing PE pipe is connected with the other end of the organic fertilizer conveying pipeline of the organic fertilizer liquid conveying unit (2); the reel driving mechanism (314) comprises a reel driving gearbox and a power source, the input end of the reel driving gearbox is connected with the output end of the power source, and the output end of the reel driving gearbox is connected with the reel (313) through a transmission mechanism; the reel rewinding guide limiting mechanism (315) is arranged in front of the reel (313);
The deep ploughing and fertilizing device (32) comprises a vehicle body (321), lifting wheels (322), a deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool (323), a hydraulic control mechanism (324), an organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) and a soil covering mechanism (326); the rear end of the vehicle body (321) is provided with a quick connecting mechanism; the lifting wheel (322) is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body (321) in a lifting way through a wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder; the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool (323) is arranged into a plurality of pieces, the plurality of pieces of deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tools (323) are uniformly distributed on the machine body (321) in a row in the left-right direction, the top end of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool (323) is arranged on the machine body (321), deep ploughing teeth extending forward are arranged at the bottom end of the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool (323), a fertilizing spray pipe fixedly connected with the deep ploughing teeth is arranged at the rear part of the bottom end of the deep ploughing teeth, a fertilizing spray nozzle is arranged at the bottom end of the fertilizing spray pipe, and a machine tool lifting hydraulic cylinder is further arranged on the deep ploughing and fertilizing machine tool (323); the hydraulic control mechanism (324) is fixedly arranged at the front part of the vehicle body (321) and comprises a hydraulic pump, a control valve group and a hydraulic oil tank, and the control valve group is respectively connected with the hydraulic pump, the wheel lifting hydraulic cylinder and the machine lifting hydraulic cylinder through hydraulic pipelines; the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) is fixedly arranged on the vehicle body (321), the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) comprises at least one organic fertilizer liquid inlet and a plurality of organic fertilizer liquid outlets, the organic fertilizer liquid inlet is communicated and connected with the output end of the fertilization PE pipe, and the organic fertilizer liquid outlets are respectively communicated and connected with the top end of the fertilization spray pipe of the deep ploughing fertilization machine (323) through hoses; the earthing mechanism (326) is arranged at the rear end of the vehicle body (321) or the rear end of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator (323) and is positioned behind a fertilizer application spray pipe of the deep ploughing fertilizer applicator (323);
The organic fertilizer liquid applying electric control device is arranged on the chassis II (311) or the vehicle body (321) and comprises an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, a PE pipe supply device control loop and a deep ploughing fertilizer device control loop, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller is respectively and electrically connected with a power source of the reel driving mechanism (314) and a control valve group of the hydraulic control mechanism (324);
the centralized electric control unit comprises a central controller, a display, an organic fertilizer liquid processing control loop and an organic fertilizer liquid applying control loop, wherein the central controller is respectively and electrically connected with the display, the organic fertilizer liquid processing controller of the organic fertilizer liquid preparation unit (1) and the organic fertilizer liquid applying controller of the organic fertilizer liquid applying unit (3), and the central controller also comprises a fertilizing data input and output port.
2. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein a flow sensor or a pressure sensor is arranged in the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325), a back flush exhaust port with a back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve is further arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325), and the back flush exhaust electromagnetic stop valve, the flow sensor or the pressure sensor are electrically connected with an organic fertilizer liquid application controller, and the centralized electric control unit further comprises a back flush control loop; the intelligent system for environment-friendly deep-application irrigation of the organic fertilizer is further provided with a back flushing device, the back flushing device comprises a back flushing water tank, a back flushing pump and a back flushing spray gun, the back flushing water tank with back flushing water inside is arranged on a traction locomotive or a deep-ploughing fertilization device (32), the back flushing pump with a back flushing pump driving mechanism is arranged on the back flushing water tank, the input end of the back flushing pump is communicated and connected with the back flushing water tank, the output end of the back flushing pump is connected with the input end of the back flushing spray gun through a back flushing overflow valve and a hose, the input end of the back flushing overflow valve or the back flushing spray gun is further provided with a back flushing input electromagnetic stop valve, the back flushing input electromagnetic stop valve is electrically connected with an organic fertilizer liquid applying controller, the back flushing spray gun is arranged on an organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism (325), the nozzle of the back flushing spray gun is communicated and connected with the inner cavity of the organic fertilizer liquid distributing mechanism (325), and the nozzle injection direction of the back flushing spray gun is opposite to the flow direction of the mixed organic fertilizer liquid.
3. The intelligent system for environmental protection deep irrigation of organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the back flushing pump driving mechanism is a transmission shaft structure connected with a power output shaft of a gearbox of a traction locomotive.
4. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the number of organic fertilizer liquid outlets matched with the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) is multiple, and each organic fertilizer liquid outlet is provided with a back flushing spray gun.
5. The intelligent system for deep irrigation with environmental protection and organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soil covering mechanism (326) is a soil covering roller which is arranged in a rolling way in the front-back direction, the soil covering roller is hinged at the rear end of the vehicle body (321) through a connecting frame, the vehicle body (321) is provided with a connecting frame swinging limiting part which can prevent the soil covering roller from hanging to the ground when the lifting wheel (322) is in a state of supporting the vehicle body (321), the outer surface of the soil covering roller is provided with a plurality of soil poking rods which are uniformly distributed along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the soil covering roller, and the soil poking rods are arranged along the radial direction of the soil covering roller.
6. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep-ploughing and watering of organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the top end of the deep-ploughing and fertilizing machine (323) is hinged on the vehicle body (321), the bottom end of the deep-ploughing and fertilizing machine (323) is of a hook-shaped structure which is bent forward, one end of the machine lifting hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the vehicle body (321), and the other end is hinged on the deep-ploughing and fertilizing machine (323).
7. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep-application and irrigation of organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of deep-ploughing and fertilizing machines (323) are arranged in at least two rows in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body (321), and the two rows of deep-ploughing and fertilizing machines (323) are staggered in the left-right direction.
8. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a vehicle body pitching hydraulic cylinder is further hinged on the upper part of the vehicle body (31), and the vehicle body pitching hydraulic cylinder is connected with a control valve group of a hydraulic control device (34) through a hydraulic pipeline; the quick connecting mechanism at the front end of the vehicle body (31) is a hinged seat structure.
9. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) is a sealed cylindrical structure which is vertically arranged, the liquid inlets are coaxially arranged at the top of the cylindrical structure, the liquid inlets are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cylindrical structure along the circumferential direction, the liquid inlets are arranged on the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) through horizontal rotation installation components, and the liquid inlets of the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325) can freely rotate around the axial lead of the organic fertilizer liquid distribution mechanism (325).
10. The intelligent system for environment-friendly deep irrigation of organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first underframe (11) and/or the second underframe (311) are/is further provided with an underframe positioning and supporting mechanism.
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