CN109669227A - A kind of photonic crystal of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing - Google Patents

A kind of photonic crystal of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing Download PDF

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CN109669227A
CN109669227A CN201910144323.0A CN201910144323A CN109669227A CN 109669227 A CN109669227 A CN 109669227A CN 201910144323 A CN201910144323 A CN 201910144323A CN 109669227 A CN109669227 A CN 109669227A
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layer
defect
photonic crystal
dielectric layer
dielectric
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CN109669227B (en
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钟东
文杰
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Hubei University of Science and Technology
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    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/002Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
    • G02B1/005Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials made of photonic crystals or photonic band gap materials

Abstract

The present invention provides the photonic crystals of a kind of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing, belong to field of photoelectric technology.A kind of photonic crystal of high reflectance, this photonic crystal include the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, defect layer and graphene layer, and defect layer is located at the middle part of electron crystal;The regularity of distribution of first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are as follows: the two sides of defect layer have been alternately arranged several first dielectric layers and several second dielectric layers, and two lateral surfaces of photonic crystal are the first dielectric layer, the two sides close to defect layer are the second dielectric layer;Graphene layer is embedded in defect layer.The present invention has many advantages, such as can be by the way that graphene to be doped in the defect layer of photonic crystal, to improve Defect Modes reflectivity, cause reflection coefficient phase acute variation and the big lateral displacement of the reflected beams.

Description

A kind of photonic crystal of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing
Technical field
The invention belongs to photoelectricity technical fields, are related to the photonic crystal of a kind of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing.
Background technique
There are band gap for energy band in photonic crystal.When illumination is mapped on photonic crystal, if the frequency of light is located at band gap Interior, then it will not penetrate photonic crystal by light, light beam will be totally reflected.But if defect is added in the photonic crystal Layer, then there are a Defect Modes in the band gap of energy band.When the frequency of incident light is equal to the frequency of Defect Modes, light beam is by areflexia All by photonic crystal, reflectivity at this time is zero, therefore Defect Modes is also called Transmission Modes.The energy of Defect Modes mainly divides For cloth in defect layer, the Energy distribution of the center of defect layer is most strong.Extend from defect layer center to photonic crystal both sides, lacks The Energy distribution for falling into mould exponentially decays.
The lateral displacement of the reflected beams can be widely applied to high sensor and photoswitch etc..But usual situation Under, the lateral displacement of the reflected beams is smaller, generally with regard to several wavelength or tens wavelength, therefore to the cross for experimentally detecting light beam Very big difficulty is brought to displacement and practical application.People enhance the lateral displacement of the reflected beams by a variety of methods, such as Biggish lateral displacement is realized using the band gap edge of photonic crystal, weak loss material and graphene etc..
The lateral displacement of the reflected beams is proportional to reflection coefficient phase to the derivative of wave vector, since the reflectivity of Defect Modes is Zero, there is uncertainty in the reflection coefficient phase of Defect Modes, therefore there may be biggish lateral positions for the reflected beams of Defect Modes It moves.But for the photonic crystal of no gain and loss, the reflectivity of Defect Modes is zero, even if there is biggish transverse direction at this time Displacement, but be actually also meaningless.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of photon of high reflectance crystalline substances Body, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to how by the way that graphene to be doped in the defect layer of photonic crystal, to mention High reflectance.
Object of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a kind of photonic crystal of high reflectance, feature exist In this photonic crystal includes the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, defect layer and graphene layer, and the defect layer is located at electricity The middle part of sub- crystal;The regularity of distribution of first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are as follows: the two sides of the defect layer replace Several first dielectric layers and several second dielectric layers are arranged with, and two lateral surfaces of photonic crystal are the first dielectric Layer, the two sides close to defect layer are the second dielectric layer;The graphene layer is embedded in defect layer.
Dielectric layer one and dielectric layer two can be the common dielectric in this field, such as magnesium fluoride, zinc sulphide.
Graphene is doped in the defect layer of photonic crystal by we, using the weak loss of graphene, weakens photonic crystal To the transmissivity of Defect Modes, to improve the reflectivity of light beam.Meanwhile the weak loss of graphene can also cause reflection coefficient phase Change dramatically.It is proportional to reflection coefficient phase change rate according to the reflected beams lateral displacement, is lacked when the incident frequencies of light are located at When falling near mould, the available biggish lateral displacement of the reflected beams.
The refractive index of first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and defect layer is respectively na=1.38, nb=2.35 and nc= 2.35, the thickness of the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and defect layer is respectively da=0.281 μm, db=0.165 μm and dc =0.33 μm.Incident ray is denoted as 1, reflection light is denoted as 2, and transmitted ray is denoted as 3.By reflection light relative to incidence point Lateral displacement is denoted as Δ.
Single-layer graphene is entrained in the centre of defect layer, that is, is located at 0 position of z-axis of photonic crystal.Single-layer graphene The two-dimensional material for disregarding thickness, surface conductivity can be described with nine fort formula (Kubo formula), it is as follows:
Wherein, fd=1/ (1+exp [(ε-μc)/(kBIt T is)]) Fermi-Dirac statistics, ε is particle energy, μcIt is graphite Alkene chemical potential (is also called fermi level EF)), T is temperature, and e is elementary charge, and τ is momentum relaration time, kBIt is Boltzmann Constant.
Graphene layer is regarded as with certain thickness dielectric, it is this to wait efficacious prescriptions when equivalent thickness is lower than 1nm Method is negligible to the influence for calculating reflectivity and transmissivity.We take graphene layer with a thickness of 0.34nm.Graphene Effective dielectric constant be εg=1+i σgη0/(kdg), wherein k is incident wave vector, η0It is vacuum impedance.Temperature takes T=27 DEG C, moves Measure relaxation time τ=0.5ps, μc=0.15eV.
Total is (AB)NCGC(BA)N(it is assumed that the first dielectric layer be A, the second dielectric layer be B, defect layer C, Graphene layer is G), wherein Bragg period number N=5.
If incident light is TM wave, propagated along z-axis.The electromagnetic field at each layer of dielectric both ends can be contacted by transmission matrix Get up.For example, the electromagnetic field at l layers of dielectric both ends can be got up by following relationship
Wherein, MlIt is l layers of transmission matrix, wherein ηll00)1/2/(εl-sin2θ)1/2,θ is the incidence angle of light, is set as θ=20 ° here.The transmission matrix of whole system is
Wherein n is total number of plies of structure.Reflection coefficient is
Wherein η1N+1=(ε00)1/2(1-sin2θ)1/2, the respectively impedance of incidence end and exit end, reflectivity R =rr*.The band gap of photonic crystal is ωgap=4 ω0arcsin│(nb-na)/(nb+na)│2/ π, wherein ω0=2 π c/ λ0, λ0= 1.55μm。
If undoped with graphene layer, it can be seen that reflectivity is the function of incident light frequency.There are one among reflectance spectrum A band gap, the light in this band gap will all be reflected.But the reflectivity of the position * Defect Modes is zero, Defect Modes Light will be transmitted all, therefore also be Transmission Modes.
According to the relationship of the lateral displacement of the reflected beams and reflection coefficient phase
It is recognised that the lateral displacement of the reflected beams near Defect Modes is larger.But reflectivity at this moment is smaller, because Graphene is doped in defect layer by we for this, obtains biggish reflectivity.
After doped graphene layer, the reflectivity of the position * Defect Modes is not zero, R=0.212.Phase at Defect Modes does not have There is jump, but changes more violent.Therefore, available reflectivity is not zero, and has the reflected light of relatively larger transverse displacement again Beam.
When incident light frequency is located at Defect Modes, the lateral displacement of the reflected beams is maximum, and maximum value is Δ=124 λ.
Advantages of the present invention: the doped graphene in Defect Photonic Crystal can greatly improve the reflectivity of Defect Modes, In present case, the maximum reflectivity of Defect Modes can reach R=0.212;The lateral displacement maximum value of the reflected beams can be made to reach 124 λ improve a magnitude than the lateral displacement in general structure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of this electron crystal.
Fig. 2 is the reflectivity and reflection coefficient phase of the Defect Modes undoped with graphene.
Fig. 3 is the reflectivity and reflection coefficient phase of the Defect Modes of doped graphene.
Fig. 4 is the lateral displacement of the reflected beams in the Defect Photonic Crystal of doped graphene.
In figure, A, the first dielectric layer;B, the second dielectric layer;C, defect layer;G, graphene layer.
Specific embodiment
Following is a specific embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention will be further described, However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
This photonic crystal includes the first dielectric layer A, the second dielectric layer B, defect layer C and graphene layer G, defect layer C Positioned at the middle part of electron crystal;The regularity of distribution of first dielectric layer A and the second dielectric layer B are as follows: the two sides of defect layer C replace Several first dielectric layer A and several second dielectric layer B are arranged with, and two lateral surfaces of photonic crystal are the first dielectric Layer A, the two sides close to defect layer C are the second dielectric layer B;Graphene layer G is embedded in defect layer C.
As shown in Figure 1, the refractive index of the first dielectric layer A, the second dielectric layer B and defect layer C is respectively na=1.38, nb=2.35 and ncThe d that the thickness of=2.35, the first dielectric layer A, the second dielectric layer B and defect layer C are respectivelya= 0.281, db=0.165 and dc=0.33 μm.Incident ray is 1, reflection light 2, transmitted ray 3.Reflection light relative to There are the displacements of a transverse direction for incidence point.
Graphene is entrained in the centre of defect layer, i.e. the 0 of z-axis position.Graphene is the two-dimensional material of not thickness, Surface conductivity can be described with nine fort formula (Kubo formula), it is as follows:
Wherein, fd=1/ (1+exp [(ε-μc)/(kBIt T is)]) Fermi-Dirac statistics, ε is particle energy, μcIt is graphite Alkene chemical potential (is also called fermi level EF)), T is temperature, and e is elementary charge, and τ is momentum relaration time, kBIt is Boltzmann Constant.
Graphene is regarded as with certain thickness dielectric, when equivalent thickness is lower than 1nm, this equivalent method It is negligible to the influence for calculating reflectivity and transmissivity.Here we take graphene with a thickness of 0.34nm.Graphene Effective dielectric constant be εg=1+i σgη0/(kdg), wherein k is incident wave vector, η0It is vacuum impedance.Temperature takes T=27 DEG C, moves Measure relaxation time τ=0.5ps, μc=0.15eV.
Total is (AB)NCGC(BA)N, wherein Bragg period number N=5.
If incident light is TM wave, propagated along z-axis.The electromagnetic field at each layer of dielectric both ends can be contacted by transmission matrix Get up.For example, the electromagnetic field at l layers of dielectric both ends can be got up by following relationship
Wherein MlIt is l layers of transmission matrix, wherein ηll00)1/2/(εl-sin2θ)1/2,θ is the incidence angle of light, is set as θ=20 ° here.The transmission matrix of whole system is
Wherein n is total number of plies of structure.Reflection coefficient is
Wherein η1N+1=(ε00)1/2(1-sin2θ)1/2, the respectively impedance of incidence end and exit end, reflectivity R =rr*.The band gap of photonic crystal is ωgap=4 ω0arcsin│(nb-na)/(nb+na)│2/ π, wherein ω0=2 π c/ λ0, λ0= 1.55μm。
(a) is the reflectivity of Defect Modes in the Defect Photonic Crystal undoped with graphene in Fig. 2.It can be seen that reflectivity It is the function of incident light frequency.There are a band gap among reflectance spectrum, and the light in this band gap will all be reflected.But It is that the reflectivity of the position * Defect Modes is zero, the light of Defect Modes will be transmitted all, therefore also be Transmission Modes.It is by reflection Number is write as the form of indexWhereinIt is the phase of reflection coefficient.(b) is undoped with graphene in Fig. 2 The reflection coefficient phase of Defect Modes in Defect Photonic Crystal, it can be seen that have the phase hit of a π at Defect Modes position.Cause Reflectivity for Defect Modes is zero, therefore there are the phases of reflection coefficient there is uncertainty.Meanwhile near Defect Modes, instead It is more violent to penetrate coefficient phase variation.According to the relationship of the lateral displacement of the reflected beams and reflection coefficient phase
It is recognised that the lateral displacement of the reflected beams near Defect Modes is larger.But reflectivity at this moment is smaller, because Graphene is doped in defect layer by we for this, obtains biggish reflectivity.
Fig. 3 (a) is the reflectivity of Defect Modes in the Defect Photonic Crystal of doped graphene.It can be seen that the position * defect The reflectivity of mould is not zero, in present case, the maximum reflectivity R=0.212 of Defect Modes.Fig. 3 (b) is lacking for doped graphene Fall into the reflection coefficient phase of Defect Modes in photonic crystal.It can be seen that the phase at Defect Modes does not jump, but variation is compared Acutely, therefore available reflectivity is not zero, and the reflected beams with relatively larger transverse displacement.
Fig. 4 is the lateral displacement of the reflected beams in the Defect Photonic Crystal of doped graphene.It can be seen that when incident optical frequency When rate is located at Defect Modes, the lateral displacement of the reflected beams is maximum, and maximum value is Δ=124 λ.
So visible: the doped graphene in Defect Photonic Crystal can greatly improve the reflectivity of Defect Modes, present case In, the maximum reflectivity of Defect Modes can reach R=0.212;The lateral displacement maximum value of the reflected beams can be made to reach 124 λ, than Lateral displacement in general structure improves a magnitude.
Specific embodiment described herein is only an example for the spirit of the invention.The neck of technology belonging to the present invention The technical staff in domain can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace by a similar method In generation, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. the photonic crystal of a kind of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing, which is characterized in that this photonic crystal includes the first dielectric layer (A), the second dielectric layer (B), defect layer (C) and graphene layer (G), the defect layer (C) are located at the middle part of electron crystal;Institute State the regularity of distribution of the first dielectric layer (A) and the second dielectric layer (B) are as follows: the two sides of the defect layer (C) have been alternately arranged Several first dielectric layers (A) and several second dielectric layers (B), and two lateral surfaces of photonic crystal are the first dielectric layer It (A), is the second dielectric layer (B) close to the two sides of defect layer (C);The graphene layer (G) is embedded in defect layer (C).
2. the photonic crystal of a kind of pair of Defect Modes reflectivity enhancing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first dielectric The refractive index of layer (A), the second dielectric layer (B) and defect layer (C) is respectively na=1.38, nb=2.35 and nc=2.35, first The thickness of dielectric layer (A), the second dielectric layer (B) and defect layer (C) is respectively da=0.281 μm, db=0.165 μm and dc =0.33 μm.
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