CN109668056B - Underwater gas transmission pipeline leakage diffusion experiment simulation device and experiment method - Google Patents

Underwater gas transmission pipeline leakage diffusion experiment simulation device and experiment method Download PDF

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CN109668056B
CN109668056B CN201910036619.0A CN201910036619A CN109668056B CN 109668056 B CN109668056 B CN 109668056B CN 201910036619 A CN201910036619 A CN 201910036619A CN 109668056 B CN109668056 B CN 109668056B
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leakage
pipeline
external
hole
gas transmission
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CN109668056A (en
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刘翠伟
王少雄
李玉星
李安琪
薛源
崔兆雪
王武昌
胡其会
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17DPIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/02Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a leakage diffusion experiment simulation device for an underwater gas transmission pipeline, which comprises a gas transmission pipeline for transmitting gas, a leakage water tank and a leakage pipeline horizontally crossing the leakage water tank; the leakage pipeline comprises an outer pipeline and an inner sleeve which are coaxially arranged; two ends of the external pipeline are respectively connected with the sealing pipe through a third loose joint and a fourth loose joint; two ends of the inner sleeve are respectively connected with the gas transmission pipeline through a first loose joint and a second loose joint; an external leakage hole is formed in the external pipeline; the inner sleeve is provided with a plurality of inner leakage holes with different apertures; the aperture of the internal leakage hole is smaller than that of the external leakage hole. The invention can be used for measuring the leakage characteristics of pipelines under the working conditions of different leakage apertures, different leakage directions and different water depths when the pipelines leak; the experimental device is simple to operate, can realize instant opening and closing of the leakage orifice, and can truly reflect the process of instant leakage when the gas transmission pipeline leaks.

Description

Underwater gas transmission pipeline leakage diffusion experiment simulation device and experiment method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of leakage of an underwater gas transmission pipeline, and particularly relates to a device and a method for simulating a leakage diffusion experiment of the underwater gas transmission pipeline.
Background
In the construction of natural gas pipelines, water body environments are inevitably encountered, such as marine pipeline engineering, pipeline underwater crossing engineering and the like. Once the natural gas pipeline in the water body fails, the pipeline is leaked or broken, and huge economic loss is directly caused to enterprises. Gas leakage is easy to cause fire and even explosion accidents, not only influences the surrounding water environment, but also causes certain casualties and property loss to surrounding fishery, ships, operators and the like. The natural gas pipeline accident is usually the leakage, perforation or fracture, and in the Mima oil and gas pipeline project built in 2013, the pipeline crosses 56 places in large and medium water, thereby further promoting the attention of the industry on the safe operation of the pipeline. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for research on pipeline leakage diffusion in the water body environment.
The existing underwater pipeline leakage experimental device is generally characterized in that one end of a hose is connected with a pressure storage tank, the other end of the hose extends into a water body to be leaked, engineering practice is not met, and experimental research on leakage of gas in a pipeline flowing state is less. In most of the existing experiments, the leakage of gas is realized by manually opening a valve switch in front of a leakage orifice, or the leakage orifice is always in an open state, so that the process of instant leakage when the gas pipeline leaks cannot be truly reflected. Therefore, a simulation device which is simple and easy to operate and is suitable for the leakage diffusion experiment of the underwater gas transmission pipeline is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a simulation device and a simulation method for a leakage diffusion experiment of an underwater gas transmission pipeline.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a leakage diffusion experiment simulation device for an underwater gas transmission pipeline comprises a gas transmission pipeline for transmitting gas, a leakage water tank and a leakage pipeline horizontally crossing the leakage water tank;
the leakage pipeline comprises an outer pipeline and an inner sleeve which are coaxially arranged;
two ends of the external pipeline are respectively connected with a sealing pipe through a third loose joint and a fourth loose joint, the sealing pipe is sleeved outside the internal sleeve, and a sealing structure is formed between the sealing pipe and the internal sleeve;
two ends of the inner sleeve are respectively connected with the gas transmission pipeline through a first loose joint and a second loose joint;
an external leakage hole is formed in the external pipeline;
a plurality of internal leakage holes with different apertures are formed in the pipe wall of the internal sleeve corresponding to the external leakage holes along the circumferential direction; the aperture of the internal leakage hole is smaller than that of the external leakage hole.
Preferably, an angle steel bracket for supporting is arranged at the bottom of the leakage water tank.
Preferably, a steel plate for dispersing pressure is laid at the bottom of the angle steel bracket.
Preferably, the leakage water tank is made of transparent organic glass glue; and a stainless steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the leakage water tank.
Preferably, the leakage water tank is of a cuboid structure, and is 1m long, 1m wide and 1.5m high.
Wherein the outer diameter of the outer pipe is 48mm, and the wall thickness is 4 mm; the aperture of the external leakage hole is 5 mm.
Wherein the outer diameter of the inner sleeve is 40 mm.
Preferably, the number of the internal leakage holes is four, and the hole diameters of the four internal leakage holes are respectively 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm and 3 mm.
Preferably, a water depth measuring scale is arranged on the outer wall of the leakage water tank.
An experimental method of an experimental simulation device for leakage and diffusion of an underwater gas transmission pipeline comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: detecting the air tightness of the external pipeline and the internal sleeve to prevent air leakage and water leakage;
step two: rotating loose joints at two ends of the external pipeline to enable the direction of an external leakage hole of the external pipeline to be the required leakage direction; the loose joints at the two ends of the inner sleeve are rotated to ensure that the inner leakage hole of the inner sleeve is staggered with the outer leakage hole of the outer pipeline, so that the leakage hole of the whole leakage pipeline is closed, and water is prevented from entering the leakage pipeline during water injection;
step three: injecting water into the leakage water tank, and determining that the water level reaches the experimental water level through a scale;
step four: inflating the leakage pipeline through the gas transmission pipeline;
step five: the loose joint at the two ends of the inner sleeve is rotated, one of the inner leakage holes is opposite to the outer leakage hole, and the instantaneous opening of the leakage hole is realized; recording leakage phenomena and experimental data when the leakage hole is instantly opened and in the whole leakage process;
step six: rotating the loose joints at the two ends of the inner sleeve again to dislocate the inner leakage hole and the outer leakage hole, so as to realize the instant closing of the leakage hole opening; recording leakage phenomena and experimental data;
step seven: stopping the gas pipeline from inflating the leakage pipeline;
step eight: ensuring that the orientation of an external leakage hole of an external pipeline and the water depth of a leakage water tank are unchanged, rotating loose joints at two ends of an internal sleeve to change the alignment relation between the internal leakage hole and the external leakage hole with different apertures, sequentially performing the fourth step to the seventh step, and performing leakage experiments of different leakage hole apertures;
step nine: ensuring that the orientation of an external leakage hole of the external pipeline and the aperture of an internal leakage hole aligned with the external leakage hole are unchanged, changing the water depth of the leakage water tank, sequentially performing the third step to the seventh step, and performing leakage experiments under different water depth working conditions;
step ten: the water depth in the leakage water tank and the aperture of the inner leakage hole aligned with the outer leakage hole are guaranteed to be unchanged, the orientation of the outer leakage hole on the outer pipeline is changed, the second step to the seventh step are sequentially carried out, and leakage experiments in different leakage directions are carried out.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a simulation device for researching leakage experiment of an underwater gas transmission pipeline, which can be used for measuring the leakage characteristics of pipelines under the working conditions of different leakage apertures, different leakage directions and different water depths when the pipelines leak; the experimental device is simple to operate, can realize instant opening and closing of the leakage hole opening, does not need manual replacement of the leakage hole opening, and overcomes the defect that the leakage hole opening of a related experiment is difficult to replace; meanwhile, the whole leakage pipeline transversely penetrates through the leakage water tank, the stress of the pipeline in a water body is considered, the engineering practice is met, and the process of instant leakage when the gas pipeline leaks can be truly reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of the simulation device for the leakage diffusion experiment of the underwater gas transmission pipeline;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the schematic structure of the simulation apparatus for the leakage and diffusion experiment of the underwater gas transmission pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of the simulation apparatus for the leakage diffusion experiment of the underwater gas transmission pipeline of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection structure between the outer pipe, the inner sleeve and the sealing tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the inner sleeve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;
wherein,
0-gas transmission pipeline;
1-leakage water tank, 2-angle steel bracket, 201-steel plate, 3-external pipeline, 301-sealing pipe, 4-internal sleeve, 5-external leakage hole, 6-internal leakage hole, 7-first loose joint, 8-third loose joint, 9-fourth loose joint, 10-second loose joint and 11-scale.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, an experimental simulation device for leakage and diffusion of an underwater gas transmission pipeline comprises a gas transmission pipeline 0 for transmitting gas, a leakage water tank 1 and a leakage pipeline horizontally crossing the leakage water tank 1;
the leakage pipeline comprises an outer pipeline 3 and an inner sleeve 4 which are coaxially arranged; the outer pipe 3 and the inner sleeve 4 have good air tightness;
two ends of the external pipeline 3 are respectively connected with a sealing pipe 301 through a third loose joint 8 and a fourth loose joint 9, the sealing pipe 301 is sleeved outside the internal sleeve 4, and a sealing structure is formed between the sealing pipe 301 and the internal sleeve 4;
two ends of the inner sleeve 4 are respectively connected with a gas transmission pipeline 0 through a first loose joint 7 and a second loose joint 10;
as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a connection relationship between the inner sleeve 4 and the left end of the outer pipeline 3, the left end of the outer pipeline 3 is connected with the sealing pipe 301 through the third loose joint 8, and the left end of the inner sleeve 4 is connected with the gas transmission pipeline 0 through the first loose joint 7; the right ends of the inner sleeve 4 and the outer pipeline 3 adopt the same connection mode; such a connection relationship has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the external pipe 3 is connected with the sealing pipe 301 through loose joint, so that the external pipe 3 can rotate 360 degrees, the orientation of the external leakage hole 5 on the external pipe 3 is adjusted, and leakage experiments in different leakage directions can be performed.
(2) The inner sleeve 4 is movably connected with the gas transmission pipeline 0, so that the inner sleeve 4 can rotate for 360 degrees, the orientation of an inner leakage hole 6 on the inner sleeve 4 is adjusted, the inner leakage hole 6 is staggered with an outer leakage hole 5 by rotating the inner sleeve 4, and the leakage pipeline has good air tightness and cannot generate air leakage; the inner leakage holes 6 with different apertures are aligned with the outer leakage holes 5 by rotating the inner sleeve 4, so that the leakage diffusion experiment of the leakage holes with different apertures in the leakage pipeline is realized.
(3) A sealing structure is formed between the sealing pipe 301 and the inner sleeve 4, so that the phenomenon of air leakage and water leakage between the sealing pipe 301 and the inner sleeve 4 is avoided, and the experimental result is influenced.
An external leakage hole 5 is formed in the external pipeline 3;
as shown in fig. 5-6, a plurality of inner leakage holes 6 with different apertures are formed on the pipe wall of the inner sleeve 4 corresponding to the outer leakage holes 5 along the circumferential direction; the inner leakage hole 6 has a smaller diameter than the outer leakage hole 5.
Preferably, an angle bracket 2 for supporting is arranged at the bottom of the leakage water tank 1.
Preferably, the steel plate used for dispersing pressure is laid at the bottom of the angle steel bracket 2, so that the safety of the experiment is ensured.
Preferably, the leakage water tank 1 is made of transparent organic glass adhesive, and the interface is bonded by an acrylic adhesive; the bottom of the leakage water tank 1 is provided with a stainless steel plate.
Preferably, the leakage water tank 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the leakage water tank 1 has a length of 1m, a width of 1m, and a height of 1.5 m.
Wherein the outer diameter of the outer pipe 3 is 48mm and the wall thickness is 4 mm; the aperture of the external leakage hole 5 is 5 mm.
Wherein the outer diameter of the inner sleeve 4 is 40 mm.
Preferably, the inner leakage holes 6 are four in total, and the hole diameters of the four inner leakage holes 6 are 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm and 3mm respectively.
Preferably, a water depth measuring scale 11 is arranged on the outer wall of the leakage water tank 1.
An experimental method of an experimental simulation device for leakage and diffusion of an underwater gas transmission pipeline comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: detecting the air tightness of the external pipeline 3 and the internal sleeve 4 to prevent air leakage and water leakage;
step two: rotating loose joints at two ends of the external pipeline 3 to enable the direction of an external leakage hole 5 of the external pipeline 3 to be the required leakage direction; the loose joints at the two ends of the inner sleeve 4 are rotated to ensure that the inner leakage hole 6 of the inner sleeve 4 is staggered with the outer leakage hole 5 of the outer pipeline 3, thereby realizing the closing of the leakage hole of the whole leakage pipeline and preventing water from entering the leakage pipeline during water injection;
step three: injecting water into the leakage water tank 1, and determining that the water level reaches the experimental water level through a scale 11;
step four: inflating the leakage pipeline through the gas transmission pipeline 0;
step five: the loose joint at the two ends of the inner sleeve 4 is rotated, one of the inner leakage holes 6 is just opposite to the outer leakage hole 5, and the instantaneous opening of the leakage hole is realized; recording leakage phenomena and experimental data when the leakage hole is instantly opened and in the whole leakage process;
step six: the loose joint at the two ends of the inner sleeve 4 is rotated again, the inner leakage hole 6 and the outer leakage hole 5 are staggered, and the instant closing of the leakage hole opening is realized; recording leakage phenomena and experimental data;
step seven: stopping the gas pipeline 0 from charging gas into the leakage pipeline;
step eight: ensuring that the orientation of an external leakage hole 5 of the external pipeline 3 and the water depth of the leakage water tank 1 are unchanged, rotating the loose joints at the two ends of the internal sleeve 4 to change the alignment relation between an internal leakage hole 6 with different apertures and the external leakage hole 5, sequentially performing the fourth step to the seventh step, and performing leakage experiments of different leakage hole apertures;
step nine: ensuring that the orientation of an external leakage hole 5 of the external pipeline 3 and the aperture of an internal leakage hole 6 aligned with the external leakage hole 5 are unchanged, changing the water depth of the leakage water tank 1, sequentially performing the third step to the seventh step, and performing leakage experiments under different water depth working conditions;
step ten: the water depth in the leakage water tank 1 and the aperture of the internal leakage hole 6 aligned with the external leakage hole 5 are ensured to be unchanged, the orientation of the external leakage hole 5 on the external pipeline 3 is changed, and the steps two to seven are sequentially carried out to carry out leakage experiments in different leakage directions.
The invention relates to a simulation device for researching leakage experiment of an underwater gas transmission pipeline, which can be used for measuring the leakage characteristics of pipelines under the working conditions of different leakage apertures, different leakage directions and different water depths when the pipelines leak; the experimental device is simple to operate, can realize instant opening and closing of the leakage hole opening, does not need manual replacement of the leakage hole opening, and overcomes the defect that the leakage hole opening of a related experiment is difficult to replace; meanwhile, the whole leakage pipeline transversely penetrates through the leakage water tank, the stress of the pipeline in a water body is considered, the engineering practice is met, and the process of instant leakage when the gas pipeline leaks can be truly reflected.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made without inventive efforts based on the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A leakage diffusion experiment simulation device for an underwater gas transmission pipeline comprises a gas transmission pipeline for transmitting gas, and is characterized by also comprising a leakage water tank and a leakage pipeline horizontally crossing the leakage water tank;
the leakage pipeline comprises an outer pipeline and an inner sleeve which are coaxially arranged;
two ends of the external pipeline are respectively connected with a sealing pipe through a third loose joint and a fourth loose joint, the sealing pipe is sleeved outside the internal sleeve, and a sealing structure is formed between the sealing pipe and the internal sleeve;
two ends of the inner sleeve are respectively connected with the gas transmission pipeline through a first loose joint and a second loose joint;
an external leakage hole is formed in the external pipeline;
a plurality of internal leakage holes with different apertures are formed in the pipe wall of the internal sleeve corresponding to the external leakage holes along the circumferential direction; the aperture of the internal leakage hole is smaller than that of the external leakage hole.
2. The experimental simulation device for the leakage diffusion of the underwater gas transmission pipeline as claimed in claim 1, wherein an angle iron bracket for supporting is arranged at the bottom of the leakage water tank.
3. The experimental simulation device for the leakage diffusion of the underwater gas transmission pipeline as claimed in claim 2, wherein a steel plate for dispersing pressure is laid at the bottom of the angle steel bracket.
4. The experimental simulation device for the leakage diffusion of the underwater gas transmission pipeline as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leakage water tank is made of transparent organic glass adhesive; and a stainless steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the leakage water tank.
5. The experimental simulation device for the leakage diffusion of the underwater gas transmission pipeline as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leakage water tank is of a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
6. The experimental simulation apparatus for the leakage diffusion of an underwater gas pipeline according to claim 1, wherein the number of the internal leakage holes is four.
7. The experimental simulation apparatus for the leakage diffusion of the underwater gas transmission pipeline as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water depth measuring scale is disposed on an outer wall of the leakage water tank.
8. The experimental method of the experimental simulation device for the leakage diffusion experiment of the underwater gas transmission pipeline as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: detecting the air tightness of the external pipeline and the internal sleeve to prevent air leakage and water leakage;
step two: rotating loose joints at two ends of the external pipeline to enable the direction of an external leakage hole of the external pipeline to be the required leakage direction; the loose joints at the two ends of the inner sleeve are rotated to ensure that the inner leakage hole of the inner sleeve is staggered with the outer leakage hole of the outer pipeline, so that the leakage hole of the whole leakage pipeline is closed, and water is prevented from entering the leakage pipeline during water injection;
step three: injecting water into the leakage water tank, and determining that the water level reaches the experimental water level through a scale;
step four: inflating the leakage pipeline through the gas transmission pipeline;
step five: the loose joint at the two ends of the inner sleeve is rotated, one of the inner leakage holes is opposite to the outer leakage hole, and the instantaneous opening of the leakage hole is realized; recording leakage phenomena and experimental data when the leakage hole is instantly opened and in the whole leakage process;
step six: rotating the loose joints at the two ends of the inner sleeve again to dislocate the inner leakage hole and the outer leakage hole, so as to realize the instant closing of the leakage hole opening; recording leakage phenomena and experimental data;
step seven: stopping the gas pipeline from inflating the leakage pipeline;
step eight: ensuring that the orientation of an external leakage hole of an external pipeline and the water depth of a leakage water tank are unchanged, rotating loose joints at two ends of an internal sleeve to change the alignment relation between the internal leakage hole and the external leakage hole with different apertures, sequentially performing the fourth step to the seventh step, and performing leakage experiments of different leakage hole apertures;
step nine: ensuring that the orientation of an external leakage hole of the external pipeline and the aperture of an internal leakage hole aligned with the external leakage hole are unchanged, changing the water depth of the leakage water tank, sequentially performing the third step to the seventh step, and performing leakage experiments under different water depth working conditions;
step ten: the water depth in the leakage water tank and the aperture of the inner leakage hole aligned with the outer leakage hole are guaranteed to be unchanged, the orientation of the outer leakage hole on the outer pipeline is changed, the second step to the seventh step are sequentially carried out, and leakage experiments in different leakage directions are carried out.
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