CN109667581B - Fast tunneling process for hard coal seam thin floor roadway - Google Patents
Fast tunneling process for hard coal seam thin floor roadway Download PDFInfo
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- CN109667581B CN109667581B CN201811558604.2A CN201811558604A CN109667581B CN 109667581 B CN109667581 B CN 109667581B CN 201811558604 A CN201811558604 A CN 201811558604A CN 109667581 B CN109667581 B CN 109667581B
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- transportation
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- coal seam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C25/00—Cutting machines, i.e. for making slits approximately parallel or perpendicular to the seam
- E21C25/68—Machines for making slits combined with equipment for removing, e.g. by loading, material won by other means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/20—General features of equipment for removal of chippings, e.g. for loading on conveyor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F13/00—Transport specially adapted to underground conditions
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a fast tunneling process for a hard coal seam thin floor roadway, which comprises the following processes: drilling a coal seam → gas inspection, sprinkling water and reducing dust → blasting → gas inspection, dust discharging, sprinkling water and reducing dust → temporary support → tunneling → transportation → permanent support. The invention adopts the excavating loader and the matched transportation facilities to realize the integrated continuous transportation of the coal and the gangue and push the differentiation of the laneway, adopts novel temporary support to ensure that the operator does not enter the empty top area and ensure the construction safety of the operator, and the method is safe and efficient and shortens the construction period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a rapid tunneling process for a hard coal seam thin floor roadway.
Background
The conventional drilling and blasting are still used in the existing thin coal seam roadway tunneling construction, the subsequent material transportation is mainly carried out by dispatching a winch, the monthly tunneling footage is about 150m, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is high. The cutting bottom plate of the low-power roadheader is difficult to achieve and the roadheader efficiency is difficult to exert; the large-power fully-mechanized excavating machine has larger equipment size, requires larger section of an excavation roadway and is difficult to adapt to the requirement of thin coal seam mining.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hard coal seam thin floor roadway rapid tunneling process, which adopts an excavation type loader and a matched transportation facility to realize integrated continuous transportation of coal and gangue and implement roadway differentiation, adopts novel temporary support to ensure that workers do not enter an empty top area and ensure the construction safety of the workers, and has the advantages of safety, high efficiency and shortened construction period.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the fast hard coal seam floor tunneling process includes the following steps: drilling a coal seam → gas inspection, sprinkling water and reducing dust → blasting → gas inspection, dust discharging, sprinkling water and reducing dust → temporary support → tunneling → transportation → permanent support.
Preferably, ZQS-50/1.6 type pneumatic coal drills are used for drilling the coal seam, and a phi 28mm twist drill rod and a phi 32mm drill bit are matched; the YT-28 type pneumatic drill is used for drilling the rock, and is matched with a hexagonal drill rod and a straight-line or columnar tooth type drill bit with the diameter of 32 mm; the wind pipe and the water pipe respectively adopt high-pressure rubber pipes with the diameter of 16mm and the diameter of 10mm, and the pressure-resistant grade of the high-pressure rubber pipes is not lower than 10 Mpa.
Preferably, in the blasting process, a wedge-shaped cut is adopted as a cut mode, a collimation hole is adopted as a cut hole, an included angle of 81 degrees is formed between a blast hole and a working face, and the cut hole is arranged in a coal seam; the peripheral holes adopt a hole blasting technology.
Preferably, in the tunneling process, an excavating loader is selected, the excavating loader is provided with a belt type reversed loader, the reversed loader is directly overlapped with the tail of a telescopic belt conveyor, all the belts in the subsequent path are controlled in a centralized mode, the belt conveyor is controlled in a centralized and visual mode through a monitoring camera and a sensor, a coal bunker is arranged at a gateway, and a gangue bunker and a coal bunker are arranged in a mining area.
Preferably, in the transportation process, the material transportation is realized by arranging an SQ type endless rope winch in a crossheading and being provided with a visual control system, so that the continuous and centralized transportation of the material is realized, the safe and efficient one-stop transportation is realized, the supporting materials are transported in a centralized box type, the materials are directly loaded into a special material box after reaching the mine, and the boxed materials are directly transported to a material receiving place of a using unit from a transportation and transportation work area; the material storage place is arranged at the rear part of the belt tail, and the materials move forwards along with the belt tail, so that the materials are guaranteed to be transported closely to the head.
Preferably, on the basis of meeting basic requirements of the roadway, the roadway height is reduced, the equipment arrangement extends transversely, and the width of the roadway is increased.
Preferably, on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced from the original 2.4 meters to 2.1 meters, and the width of the roadway is increased from 3.4 meters to 4.2 meters.
The principle of safe mining, benefit mining and efficiency mining is adhered to, and the tunnel design is promoted to be changed from 'one tunnel with one tunnel and one tunnel with one tunnel' to 'one tunnel with more tunnels'. The invention carries out the following process optimization:
(1) optimizing the section of the tunnel: on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced, the equipment is arranged to extend transversely, and the width of the roadway is increased;
(2) differential supporting: after the roadway support design is finished, improvement and perfection are carried out at any time according to on-site exploration, monitoring and control, and dynamic management of support forms and support parameters is realized;
(3) upgrading the tunneling equipment: selecting an excavating loader, wherein the excavating loader is provided with a second transportation part, the second transportation part is overlapped with the tail of a telescopic belt conveyor, the belt conveyor is subjected to centralized visual control through a monitoring camera and a sensor, the transportation buffer capacity is increased and the occupation of personnel and equipment is reduced in order to avoid the transportation influence of a subsequent transportation device due to faults, a coal bunker is arranged at a crossheading, and a gangue bunker and a coal bunker are arranged in a mining area in order to realize the separate storage and the separate transportation of the gangue;
(4) optimizing a transportation system: the material transportation is characterized in that an SQ type endless rope winch is arranged in a crossheading, a visual control system is arranged, the continuous and centralized transportation of materials is realized, one-stop transportation is realized, supporting materials (anchor rods, metal nets, resin cartridges and the like) are transported in a centralized box type, the materials are directly loaded into a special material box after reaching the mine, and the materials for loading are directly transported to a material receiving place of a using unit from a transportation and transportation work area; the material storage place is arranged at the rear part of the belt tail, and the materials move forwards along with the belt tail, so that the material transportation is ensured to follow the head-on;
(5) optimizing blasting parameters: the cutting mode adopts a wedge-shaped cutting, the cutting holes adopt collimation holes (the included angle between blast holes and the working surface is 81 degrees), and the cutting holes are arranged in the coal bed, so that the cutting effect is improved; the peripheral holes adopt an open hole blasting technology, which not only reduces the workload of brushing the upper, but also improves the tunnel forming;
(6) optimizing temporary support equipment: traditional forestope is on installing metal mesh and plank, and personnel need the body part to get into the sky top region, are unfavorable for safety in production, and the forestope is 4.5 meters straight steel pipe moreover, uses inconveniently when meeting roof slope change again. A temporary support device of the 'Z' type (patent application No. CN 201721877623.2) is adopted; the device has the functions of supporting the net, supporting the top plate and the like, is quick to use, and shortens the temporary supporting time from the original 20 minutes to less than 10 minutes.
The invention has the advantages of
1. The excavation type rock loader solves the substitution problem of the raking loader, solves the problem of low raking efficiency of the raking loader, and greatly improves the raking efficiency. After the ZWY-100/45L type excavating rock loading machine is used, the average time length of the time for discharging the waste rock at the head-on is 20 minutes (the time for discharging the waste rock is generally 50 minutes because the fixed point of the turning wheel is moved for 2-3 times by using a steel wire rope traction rake loader), the purpose of cleaning the waste rock in class is achieved, and the supporting height and the operation space of the site are increased.
2. The use of the excavating loader is beneficial to one-time roadway formation of a driving face, and the construction quality is improved.
3. The endless rope winch is adopted for the subsequent material transportation, and the transportation system has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, high continuous safety and reliability in transportation, good transportation links and few manpower, improves the safety guarantee level, improves the transportation efficiency and reduces the cost.
4. And the integrated demonstration of the safety, economy, technology and environment is carried out, and the management level is improved.
5. Differential support is implemented, the pertinence of support is enhanced, and the safety is improved; the supporting cost is reduced, and the tunneling efficiency is improved.
6. The single-month tunneling footage in a mine with complex geological conditions can reach more than 300m, the tunneling efficiency can be improved by more than one time, the excavation continuity is relieved, and a solid foundation is laid for safe production management.
7. Compared with a heading machine, the cost is lower, and the equipment maintenance and management are simple.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The fast hard coal seam floor tunneling process includes the following steps: drilling a coal seam → gas inspection, sprinkling water and reducing dust → blasting → gas inspection, dust discharging, sprinkling water and reducing dust → temporary support → tunneling → transportation → permanent support.
ZQS-50/1.6 type pneumatic coal drills are used for drilling the coal seam, and a phi 28mm twist drill rod and a phi 32mm drill bit are matched; the YT-28 type pneumatic drill is used for drilling the rock, and is matched with a hexagonal drill rod and a straight-line or columnar tooth type drill bit with the diameter of 32 mm; the wind pipe and the water pipe respectively adopt high-pressure rubber pipes with the diameter of 16mm and the diameter of 10mm, and the pressure-resistant grade of the high-pressure rubber pipes is not lower than 10 Mpa.
In the blasting process, a wedge-shaped cut is adopted as a cut mode, a collimation hole is adopted as a cut hole, an included angle of 81 degrees is formed between a blast hole and a working surface, and the cut hole is arranged in a coal seam; the peripheral holes adopt a hole blasting technology.
The tunneling process comprises the steps of selecting an excavating loader, configuring a belt type reversed loader on the excavating loader, directly overlapping the reversed loader with the tail of a telescopic belt conveyor, adopting centralized control on all belts in the subsequent process, carrying out centralized visual control on the belt conveyor through a monitoring camera and a sensor, arranging a coal bunker at a crossheading, and arranging a gangue bunker and the coal bunker in a mining area. The camera and the sensor are both electrically connected with the controller, and the controller can receive information sent by the camera and the sensor and send a control instruction according to the received information.
According to the transportation process, a SQ type endless rope winch is arranged in a gateway for material transportation, a visual control system is equipped, continuous and centralized transportation of materials is achieved, safe and efficient one-stop transportation is achieved, supporting materials are transported in a centralized box mode, the materials are directly loaded into a special material box after arriving at a mine, and the materials for loading in the box are directly transported to a material receiving place of a using unit from a transportation area; the material storage place is arranged at the rear part of the belt tail, and the materials move forwards along with the belt tail, so that the materials are guaranteed to be transported closely to the head. The visual control system comprises a controller, a display and a monitoring camera, wherein the monitoring camera sends obtained monitoring information to the controller, the controller sends received information to the display to be displayed, and the controller can send instructions according to the received information.
On the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced to 2.1 meters from the original 2.4 meters, and the width of the roadway is increased to 4.2 meters from 3.4 meters.
Example 2
The fast hard coal seam floor tunneling process includes the following steps:
(1) the labor organization adopts 'three eight' production. Each team is provided with 1 man in the team's length, 5 people in the drilling and supporting workers, 1 person in the conveyor, 1 person in the excavating rock loader, 1 person in the blasting worker, 1 person in the electromechanical maintenance worker and 10 persons in total.
(2) The process flow comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of work transfer, hole drilling, gas inspection, watering dust fall, blasting, gas inspection, dust discharge, watering dust fall, temporary support, loading coal gangue by an excavation type rock loader, retreating the excavation type rock loader and permanent support.
(3) ZQS-50/1.6 type pneumatic coal drills are used for drilling coal seams, and a phi 28mm twist drill rod and a phi 32mm drill bit are matched; the YT-28 type pneumatic drill is used for drilling the rock, and is matched with a hexagonal drill rod and a straight-line or columnar tooth type drill bit with the diameter of 32 mm; the wind pipe and the water pipe respectively adopt phi 16mm and phi 10mm high-pressure rubber pipes (the pressure-resistant grade is not lower than 10 Mpa).
(4) The temporary support adopts a novel temporary support device (patent application number CN 201721877623.2) which is self-developed by Shandong mountain east mountain New post coal mine Limited company, and the temporary support time can be shortened to 10 minutes from 20 minutes compared with the traditional temporary support mode of a steel pipe matched with a wood board.
(5) According to the requirement that a steel wire rope traction harrow loader is strictly forbidden for a full-coal and half-coal rock roadway in coal mine safety regulation, an ZWY-100/45L-shaped excavation type rock loader is adopted for rock loading, and on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced from 2.4 meters to 2.1 meters, and the width of the roadway is reduced from 3.4 meters to 4.2 meters. After the ZWY-100/45L type excavating rock loading machine is used, the average time length of the time for discharging the waste rock at the head-on is 20 minutes (the time for discharging the waste rock is generally 50 minutes because the fixed point of the turning wheel is moved for 2-3 times by using a steel wire rope traction rake loader), the purpose of cleaning the waste rock in class is achieved, and the supporting height and the operation space of the site are increased.
(6) The ZWY-100/45L type excavating rock loader is provided with a belt type reversed loader, the reversed loader is directly overlapped with the tail of the telescopic belt conveyor, all the belts in the subsequent path are controlled in a centralized mode, and only 1 conveyor driver is needed in each shift.
(7) Because the roadway has more fluctuation, the subsequent material transportation adopts an endless rope winch to be matched with the container for transportation, and the video monitoring probes are installed on various slopes and important places, thereby realizing safe and efficient one-stop transportation.
Example 3
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and push roadway differentiation, an excavation type loader and a matched transportation facility are adopted to realize the integrated continuous transportation of the coal and the gangue. The construction process is optimized, the completion of normal cycle operation is guaranteed, the head-on construction operation needs to be carried out according to the personnel allocation of labor organization, the working procedures are reasonably arranged, the working procedures are carried out in a crossed mode and are operated in a parallel mode to the greatest extent, the working time is fully utilized, and the working hour utilization rate is improved. By adopting novel temporary support, the operator is ensured not to enter the empty roof area, and the construction safety of the operator is ensured.
1. Optimizing the section of the tunnel: on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced as much as possible, the equipment is arranged to extend transversely, and the width of the roadway is increased appropriately.
2. Carrying out differential support: the principle of safe mining, benefit mining and efficiency mining is adhered to, and the tunnel design is promoted to be changed from 'one tunnel with one tunnel and one tunnel with one tunnel' to 'one tunnel with more tunnels'. The roadway support form is changed from a single form to a multiple form, so that the support form is more pertinent and effective, and the safety, the economy and the efficiency of the roadway support are improved. The roadway support differential management inherits the support design concept of' initial design → on-site exploration, monitoring and monitoring → improvement and follows the dynamic adjustment flow, and the dynamic management of the support form and the support parameters is realized.
3. The "quadbit" demonstrates: design, investment, labor organization, construction mode, production system and construction team organize the safety production major to conduct safety, technology, economy and environment integrated argumentation, comprehensively research and analyze each detail, compare the argumentation in many ways, use data speaking to select an optimal scheme, and achieve the purposes of safe and reliable engineering, reasonable technology, economy, high efficiency and clean environment.
4. Upgrading the tunneling equipment and optimizing the transportation system: according to the requirement that the steel wire rope traction harrow loader is strictly forbidden for all-coal and half-coal rock roadways in the new coal mine safety regulation, the method is surrounded by 'one-step roadway forming and rapid tunneling'. And selecting the excavating loader according to the actual situation of the roadway. The excavating loader is provided with a second conveyor, the second conveyor is lapped on the tail of the telescopic belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is controlled in a centralized and visual mode through the monitoring camera and various sensors. In order to avoid transportation influence of subsequent transportation equipment due to faults, increase transportation buffer capacity and reduce occupation of personnel and equipment, a coal bunker is arranged at a crossheading; in order to solve the problem of separate storage and transportation of coal and gangue, double bins (gangue bin and coal bin) are arranged in a mining area.
The material transportation arranges SQ type endless rope winch in the crossheading, and equips with the visual control system, realizes the continuous, concentrated transportation of material. By taking a logistics express delivery transportation mode as a reference, one-stop transportation is carried out, supporting materials (anchor rods, metal nets, resin cartridges and the like) are transported in a centralized box mode, the materials are directly loaded into a special material box after arriving at a mine, and the materials for packing are directly transported to a material receiving place of a using unit from a transportation work area; the material storage place is arranged at the rear part of the belt tail, and the materials move forwards along with the belt tail, so that the materials are guaranteed to be transported closely to the head.
5. Optimizing blasting parameters: the cutting mode adopts a wedge-shaped cutting, the cutting holes adopt collimation holes (the included angle between blast holes and the working surface is 81 degrees), and the cutting holes are arranged in the coal bed, so that the cutting effect is improved; the peripheral holes adopt an open hole blasting technology, which not only reduces the workload of brushing the upper, but also improves the tunnel forming.
6. Optimizing temporary support equipment: traditional forestope is on installing metal mesh and plank, and personnel need the body part to get into the sky top region, are unfavorable for safety in production, and the forestope is 4.5 meters straight steel pipe moreover, uses inconveniently when meeting roof slope change again. The Z-shaped temporary supporting device has the functions of supporting a net, supporting a top plate and the like, is used quickly, and shortens the temporary supporting time from the original 20 minutes to less than 10 minutes.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The fast hard coal seam floor roadway tunneling process is characterized by comprising the following steps: drilling a coal seam → gas inspection, sprinkling water and reducing dust → blasting → gas inspection, dust discharging, sprinkling water and reducing dust → temporary support → tunneling → transportation → permanent support; the coal seam is drilled by using a pneumatic coal drill, and a phi 28mm twist drill rod and a phi 32mm drill bit are matched; the air drill is used for drilling the rock, and a hexagonal drill rod and a straight-line or columnar tooth type drill bit with the diameter of 32mm are matched; the wind pipe and the water pipe respectively adopt high-pressure rubber pipes with the diameter of 16mm and the diameter of 10mm, and the pressure-resistant grade of the high-pressure rubber pipes is not lower than 10 Mpa; in the blasting process, a wedge-shaped cut is adopted as a cut mode, a collimation hole is adopted as a cut hole, an included angle of 81 degrees is formed between a blast hole and a working surface, and the cut hole is arranged in a coal seam; the peripheral holes adopt a hole blasting technology; according to the tunneling process, an excavating loader is selected, a belt type reversed loader is matched with the excavating loader, the reversed loader is directly overlapped with the tail of a telescopic belt conveyor, all the belts in the subsequent process are controlled in a centralized mode, the belt conveyor is controlled in a centralized mode through a monitoring camera and a sensor, a coal bunker is arranged at a crossheading, and a gangue bunker and the coal bunker are arranged in a mining area; on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced, the equipment is arranged to extend transversely, and the width of the roadway is increased; on the basis of meeting the basic requirements of the roadway, the height of the roadway is reduced to 2.1 meters from the original 2.4 meters, and the width of the roadway is increased to 4.2 meters from 3.4 meters.
2. The hard coal seam thin floor roadway rapid excavation process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the transportation process, an endless rope winch is arranged in a crossheading for material transportation, and a visual control system is equipped for realizing continuous and centralized transportation of materials.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the transportation process is a centralized box type transportation of the supporting materials, the materials are directly loaded into a special material box after being delivered to the mine, and the materials in the box are directly transported to a material receiving place of a using unit from a transportation and handling area; the material storage place is arranged at the rear part of the belt tail, and the materials move forwards along with the belt tail, so that the materials are guaranteed to be transported closely to the head.
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| CN201811558604.2A CN109667581B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Fast tunneling process for hard coal seam thin floor roadway |
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| CN201811558604.2A CN109667581B (en) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Fast tunneling process for hard coal seam thin floor roadway |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101025086B (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-09-08 | 闫振东 | Explosion coal-falling, coal-loading, coal-conveying and anchor-rod supporting mechanism integration operation method and apparatus |
| CN102235167A (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2011-11-09 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Excavating loader for coal mine |
| CN102748032B (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-07-09 | 兖州煤业股份有限公司 | Mechanized rapid construction method for traditional rock drivage |
| CN103643715B (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2016-04-13 | 安徽省宿州市龙华机械制造有限公司 | Tunnelling backhoe loader |
| CN204472831U (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2015-07-15 | 山东金科星机电有限公司 | A kind of Novel electrodeless rope continuous drafter monitored control system |
| CN104864782A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-08-26 | 周忠国 | Hard stone drift composite reinforcing vertical wedge cutting method |
| CN107130656B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2020-08-04 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Integrated mining loader with functions of underground drilling, anchoring and rock breaking |
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