CN109663436B - System and method for biological treatment of industrial waste gas and dust - Google Patents
System and method for biological treatment of industrial waste gas and dust Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust, wherein the system comprises a microorganism culture pond, a biological solution treatment spray tower and a deep solid biological treatment purification tower which are sequentially communicated through a ventilation bent pipe; the process combines biological treatment, physics and chemistry, can effectively remove pollutants in waste gas according to different waste gases, the pollutants in the waste gas and dust are converted, degraded, absorbed and removed under the action of microorganisms, the high-efficiency and completely harmless deep purification treatment of the waste gas is realized, the purified waste gas is nontoxic and odorless, the discharge up to standard is realized, no waste water and various impurities and hazardous waste substances are discharged, no secondary pollution is generated, the process is safe and reliable, the process has low operation cost, the materials are not required to be frequently replaced, only some microorganism nutrient solutions are added for annual maintenance, no special person is required to take care of the process, and the process can stably operate for a long time.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of waste gas and dust treatment, in particular to a system and a method for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust.
Background art:
at present, the air pollution reaches a serious step and is also a key treatment project in thirteen-five periods in China. Industry is an important source of atmospheric pollution. The pollutants released into the atmosphere by industry are various, such as smoke, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, organic compounds, halides, and carbon compounds. Some of them are smoke and some are gas. The industrial waste gas can be divided into particulate waste gas and gaseous waste gas by morphological analysis. The industrial waste gas treatment principle includes various principles such as an activated carbon adsorption method, a catalytic combustion method, a plasma-catalytic oxidation method, condensation recovery, absorption and the like. The activated carbon adsorption method belongs to physical transfer, and utilizes the porosity of the activated carbon to adsorb and store organic pollutants in the exhaust gas among pores of the activated carbon, namely, the pollutants are transferred from one object to another object or from one place to another place, and the pollutants are transferred essentially without fundamental treatment on the exhaust gas. The saturated activated carbon belongs to dangerous solid waste, the replacement frequency is high, the consumption is extremely high, and the method is gradually eliminated by the environmental protection industry. The catalytic combustion method is to burn the organic waste gas at 300-400 ℃ under the catalytic action of a catalyst. The method mostly adopts the catalyst of noble metals such as platinum and the like with higher heat resistance and antitoxic performance so as to ensure the activity of the catalyst and have high cost; the combustion treatment needs to be carried out by two-stage treatment process, and the organic waste gas needs to be pre-treated to maintain the catalytic combustion temperature, so that the energy consumption is high and the operation cost is high; meanwhile, the combustion temperature is strictly controlled to prevent other harmful substances from being generated during incineration, so that more requirements are provided for the technology of the incinerator, and no secondary pollutants are difficult to be absolutely guaranteed; benzene compounds, oxidation compounds and malodorous compounds are catalyzed and combusted during incineration, so that the safety production is greatly hidden, the potential danger of explosion exists, and particularly the volatile combustible gas granular waste gas is generated. The plasma-catalytic oxidation method is a method for oxidizing and decomposing organic waste gas in the exhaust gas into new chemical substances and inorganic substances by utilizing the strong oxidation effect of ozone. When the strong oxidation action of ozone is utilized, excessive ozone needs to be introduced, and the excessive ozone is discharged into the air along with tail gas, so that the human health is greatly damaged; the ozone generator needs to generate ozone under the action of strong voltage, and under the action of strong voltage, the ozone generating equipment is easy to generate electric sparks, so that fire safety hidden dangers exist; in the strong oxidation process, products of oxidation reaction have uncertainty, and new secondary pollutants which are more difficult to treat are easily generated. Compared with the above treatment method, the biological treatment technology has unique advantages, and the method utilizes microorganisms to convert industrial waste gas into substances which are harmless or utilizable for human bodies. However, the biological treatment technology for waste gas in the market at present does not achieve satisfactory effects, and efficient and completely harmless treatment of waste gas is difficult to realize; and the unreasonable structure also makes the equipment bulky, and the processing dynamics is little, and the application not only can increase manufacturing cost in production but also can cause the influence to production efficiency.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a system and a method for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust, which adopt a process combining biological treatment method, physics and chemistry, can effectively remove pollutants in the waste gas and dust according to different waste gases and dust, realize the efficient and completely harmless deep purification treatment of the waste gas and dust, realize the standard discharge of the purified waste gas, avoid the discharge of waste water and various impurity hazardous waste substances, avoid the generation of secondary pollution, are safe and reliable, have low operation cost, do not need to frequently replace materials, only add some microorganism nutrient solutions for annual maintenance, do not need to be observed by a special person, and can stably operate for a long time.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust comprises a microorganism culture pond, a biological solution treatment spray tower and a deep solid biological treatment purification tower which are sequentially communicated through a ventilation bent pipe; wherein the upper end is equipped with the screen cloth of more than two-layer in the microorganism culture pond, lays the material that is fit for various microorganism to breed to grow on the screen cloth, includes: 45-50 wt% of wild sludge, 3-5 wt% of broken tiles, 5-15 wt% of waste wood residue bran (namely wood shavings), 3-5 wt% of broken ceramic chips, 5-8 wt% of sheep manure, 5-8 wt% of dried taro peel, 5-8 wt% of carbon, 5-8 wt% of waste bamboo materials, 5-8 wt% of dried pine bark, 3-5% of pineapple peel and 1-3% of rotten linden seeds are taken as a microorganism propagation growth layer, different microorganism strains are inoculated according to different pollutants in waste gas and dust, a temperature and humidity regulation control system and a photosynthesis system are arranged at the top end of a microorganism culture pond, the humidity of materials which are arranged on a screen and are suitable for the propagation growth of various microorganisms is controlled to be 43-55%, the mass propagation of the microorganisms is promoted, and the microorganisms grow efficiently; the top end of the microorganism culture pond is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the bottom end of the biological solution treatment spray tower through a ventilation bent pipe; the lower end of the microorganism culture pond is provided with a solution layer filled with water, a temperature and humidity adjusting and controlling system at the top end of the microorganism culture pond sprays water to a microorganism breeding and growing layer through an atomizing system, redundant water and microorganisms are discharged from a screen and stored in the solution layer, the solution layer serves as a microorganism moving layer and a water supply layer, a waste gas inlet is arranged above the liquid level at one side of the solution layer, a pressurizing fan is arranged in front of the waste gas inlet, the other side of the bottom of the solution layer is communicated with a water tank, and the water tank is communicated with a circulating water pipe of a spraying system in a biological solution treatment spraying tower through a circulating water pump; the biological solution treatment spray tower is provided with more than two layers of carbon steel nets, wild carbon and activated carbon fibers are placed in the carbon steel nets, a spray system is arranged above each layer of carbon steel net and is communicated with a water tank at the bottom of the microorganism culture pond through a circulating pump, and liquid sprayed by the spray system of the biological solution treatment spray tower is converged and then returns to the bottom of the microorganism culture pond to form a circulating loop; the top end of the biological solution treatment spraying tower is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is provided with a water-insulating net, and the air outlet is communicated with the bottom of the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower through a bent pipe; the deep solid biological treatment purification tower is sequentially provided with a first layer of carbon steel mesh, a second carbon steel mesh and a third layer of carbon steel mesh from bottom to top, the first layer of carbon steel mesh is provided with a biochemical solution spraying system, different biochemical solution formulas are selected according to different waste gas and dust pollution sources, and liquid sprayed by the biochemical solution spraying system is gathered by a water tank on the side surface of the deep solid biological treatment purification tower and then returns to the biochemical solution spraying system through a circulating water pump in the water tank to form a circulating loop; the biochemical solution contains microorganisms, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, stem waste water and the like, for example: for non-methane total hydrocarbon and paint spraying waste gas, the biochemical solution can be prepared by mixing stem sewage and dried pork tripe fruits, soaking for 24 hours, and then soaking with wild sludge, and has good effects of degrading and removing dimethylbenzene; the dirty stem water is alkaline filtrate obtained by drying plant dirty stem trees in the sun, burning the plant dirty stem trees into ash and filtering the ash with mountain spring water, the pork tripe fruit is a plant fruit similar to hawthorn fruit, is acidic and has the sterilization and disinfection effects, and the dried pork tripe fruit refers to the collected pork tripe fruit which is dried in the air, washed in water, dried in the air until the mass content of the pork tripe fruit is 80-90 wt%, then crushed, can degrade sulfur dioxide and xylene, and promote the growth of microorganisms; coconut shells, peanut shells, barks, wild carbon, activated carbon fibers, zeolite, dried pork tripe, urea and plant hay are placed in the second layer of carbon steel net, different biochemical materials such as yeast, fermentation powder and an aqueous solution of baking powder are sprayed on the surface of the second layer of carbon steel net, the humidity is about 48%, and solid biological filler fermentation and purification are carried out; in particular: when the paint spraying waste gas is placed with sodium carbonate, sodium sulfite and the water solution of the green bonnie after hydrolysis and thermalization is placed in the layer after the wild carbon treatment, the water solution is sprayed in the filling material, wherein the humidity of the filling material is about 48 percent, and the filling material is promoted to react in the thermalization process to achieve the purification purpose of removing, degrading and converting; the plant hay is selected from different plants according to different waste gases, such as: the waste gas containing heavy metal is treated and then mixed with the parsley and celery leaf extracts, and the heavy metal waste gas and the waste water are absorbed; part of activated carbon fiber, a small amount of activated carbon, coconut shells, dried lemons, dried pork tripes, plant grass, peanut shells, walnut shells and the like are placed in the third layer of carbon steel net, and chemical materials such as diethylenetriamine and the like are sprayed on the third layer of carbon steel net; the top of the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower is provided with an air outlet.
The screen is provided with materials suitable for the propagation and growth of various microorganisms, and the materials comprise: 45-50 wt% of wild sludge, 3-5 wt% of broken tiles, 5-15 wt% of waste wood residue bran ( wood shavings), 3-5 wt% of broken ceramic chips, 5-8 wt% of sheep manure, 5-8 wt% of dried taro peel, 5-8 wt% of charcoal, 5-8 wt% of waste bamboo materials, 5-8 wt% of dried pine bark, 3-5% of pineapple peel and 1-3% of rotten linden fruit, wherein the wild sludge refers to wild sludge in pollution-free ditches in mountains, is naturally air-dried and activated in a week, has relative humidity of about 46-60% by weight, contains a large amount of minerals and plant elements, and contains various biological populations. The broken tiles, the waste wood residues and chaffs, the broken ceramic pieces and the like can improve the impact resistance of the filler and the porosity, the pineapple peel and the rotten linden fruit are used for increasing the sugar, and the components have high porosity and large specific surface area under the synergistic action to form a stable biological bed which is suitable for the propagation and growth of various microorganisms and has impact resistance, can stably operate for a long time, and has long-term stable waste gas treatment efficiency.
In particular, the microorganism breeding and growing layer is also provided with a viewing port.
The distance between two layers of screens of the microorganism breeding and growing layer in the microorganism culture pond is 0.6-0.8cm in the vertical direction.
A method for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust is characterized in that the system for biologically treating the industrial waste gas and dust comprises the following steps:
1) the collected waste gas and dust are pressurized by a fan and then enter a microorganism culture pond through a waste gas inlet for in-situ stable microorganism treatment, different microorganism strains are cultured in microorganism propagation growth layers according to the property characteristics of different pollutants in the waste gas and the dust, and the harmful substances are subjected to preliminary harmless treatment such as biological oxidation, conversion, degradation, absorption and the like to obtain waste gas after the effective biological conversion of the harmful substances;
2) the waste gas obtained in the step 1) enters the bottom end of a biological solution treatment spray tower, organic waste gas continuously rises and is in contact collision with microorganisms of wild carbon and activated carbon fibers sprayed down by a spray system or attached to a carbon steel net, harmful gaseous substances in the waste gas enter a biological film and are completely adsorbed, converted, degraded and absorbed to obtain gas with the harmful gaseous substances effectively controlled, and the sprayed liquid is converged back to a water tank at the bottom of a microorganism culture pond through a water tank on the side surface of the biological solution treatment spray tower to provide nutrients for rapid propagation and growth of microorganisms;
3) and (3) after the gas obtained in the step 2) is treated by a deep solid biological treatment purification tower, completely purifying harmful substances dissociated in the gas.
The microorganism treatment principle of the waste gas and the dust is to transfer gaseous pollutants into a liquid phase or a liquid film on the surface of a solid, and then degrade or convert various organic matters and malodorous substances in the waste gas and the dust into harmless or low-harmful substances by utilizing the metabolic process of microorganisms. Pollutants in the waste gas and dust are contacted with the biological water solution and dissolved, namely, the pollutants diffused into the biological liquid film from the gas film are diffused to the biological film due to concentration difference and then are captured and absorbed by microorganisms in the biological liquid film. The microorganisms carry out oxidative decomposition and assimilation on the pollutants, which are decomposed as energy and nutrients and finally converted into harmless compounds. The gaseous products of the biochemical reaction are separated from the biological membrane and reversely diffused.
Pollutants in exhaust gases include atmospheric particulates, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons, halides, and the like. Atmospheric particulates, in turn, include a wide variety of solids, liquids, and aerosols.
The waste gas comprises aluminum product industry, chemical industry, printing industry, ceramic kiln, organic waste gas generated by waste incineration, paint spraying waste gas, boiler waste gas and pickling waste gas.
Harmful gaseous substances in the exhaust gas include VOCs, dust, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and the like. In particular, VOCs includes benzene-based organic waste gases such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like.
The pickling exhaust gas contains acidic gases (HCI, fluorides, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides), CO, hydrogen, water vapor, acid mist, and yellow smoke.
Aiming at the property characteristics of different pollutants in waste gas and dust, different microbial strains including autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria are cultured in a microbial propagation growth layer, wherein the autotrophic bacteria mainly use inorganic carbon as a carbon source, and the heterotrophic bacteria mainly use organic matters as a carbon source and an energy source.
In particular, the microbial species is selected from the group consisting of chlorococcum, yeast, Thermus aquaticus, Thiobacillus, sulfate reducing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and the like.
The above various bacteria are specifically cultured, for example, the ceramic waste gas is firstly cooled and then is reduced to the temperature born by the biological bacteria, the microorganism culture pond is filled with mud green bacteria, sulfur dry bacteria and reducing bacteria, and the filler is mainly selected to contain acid and alkali active fillers.
For example, the removal of sulfur using microbial fumes: indirect oxidation by sulfur-removing microorganisms using autotrophic microorganismsFunction of removing SO in the flue gas2Oxidized into sulfuric acid, and the microbial bacteria obtain energy and nutrients from the sulfuric acid.
Microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce organic substances as electron donors and sulfite and sulfate as final electron acceptors to form sulfides. H generated by dissimilatory sulfate reduction in the biochemical reaction process2S and other sulfides can be used as electron donors of thiobacillus and photosynthetic bacteria.
Nitrogen removal: by utilizing the anaerobic respiration of denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen oxide NOx is converted into N through denitrifying bacteria and catabolism in the denitrifying process2Is adsorbed by denitrifying bacteria and a solid carrier through anabolism, and is reduced to N in the denitrifying bacteria through the action of nitric oxide reductase2。
Mass transfer process and biochemical reaction process: the nitrogen oxides NOx are transferred from the gas phase into a liquid or solid surface film and are purified by microbial removal on the liquid or solid surface.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention adopts the process of combining biological treatment method, physics and chemistry, can effectively remove pollutants in waste gas according to different waste gases, the pollutants in the waste gas and dust are converted, degraded, absorbed and removed under the action of microorganisms, the high-efficiency and completely harmless deep purification treatment of the waste gas is realized, the purified waste gas is nontoxic and odorless, the standard discharge is realized, no waste water and various impurity hazardous waste substances are discharged, no secondary pollution is generated, the process is safe and reliable, the operation cost is low, the materials are not required to be frequently replaced, only some microorganism nutrient solutions are added for annual maintenance, no special people are required to take care of the process, and the process can stably operate for a long time.
2) The invention utilizes the supply source of the industrial waste gas and the dust to cultivate the microorganism in situ, namely the industrial waste gas and the dust are used as the nutrient material (carbon source and energy source) of the microorganism, and the function of the microorganism is utilized to carry out the oxidative decomposition and assimilation on the waste gas and the dust pollutants, and finally the waste gas and the dust pollutants are converted into harmless compounds, thereby achieving the best effect of biologically treating the industrial waste gas and the dust.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust according to the present invention;
the system comprises a microorganism culture pond 1, a biological solution treatment spray tower 2, a deep solid biological treatment purification tower 3, a screen 4, a waste gas inlet 5, a waste gas inlet 6, a waste gas inlet 13, a circulating water pump 7, a waste gas inlet 10, a water tank 8, a ventilation bent pipe 9, a spray system 11, a water-resisting net 12 and a biochemical solution spray system.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
The system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust as shown in fig. 1 comprises a microorganism culture pond 1, a biological solution treatment spray tower 2 and a deep solid biological treatment purification tower 3 which are sequentially communicated through a ventilation elbow 8; wherein the upper end is equipped with three-layer screen cloth 4 in the microorganism culture pond 1, and the even interval distance in the vertical direction of two-layer screen cloth is 0.7cm, and the screen cloth of bottommost is apart from microorganism culture pond bottom 1m, lays on the screen cloth 4 and has 30-35 centimetres high material that is fit for various microorganism reproduction growth, includes: 45 wt% of wild sludge, 5 wt% of broken tiles, 12 wt% of waste wood residue bran, 5 wt% of broken ceramic pieces, 5 wt% of sheep manure, 5 wt% of dried taro bark, 5 wt% of charcoal, 5 wt% of waste bamboo materials, 5 wt% of dried pine bark, 5% of pineapple peel and 3% of rotten linden fruit are taken as a microorganism propagation growth layer, different microorganism strains are inoculated according to different pollutants in waste gas and dust, a temperature and humidity regulation control system and a photosynthesis system are arranged at the top end of a microorganism culture pond, and the humidity of materials which are arranged on a screen and are suitable for the propagation growth of various microorganisms is controlled to be 43% -55%, so that the mass propagation and the efficient growth of the microorganisms are promoted; the top end of the microorganism culture pond is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, the air outlet is communicated with the bottom end of the biological solution treatment spray tower 2 through a ventilation bent pipe 15, and the microorganism propagation and growth layer is also provided with an observation port; the lower end of the microorganism culture pond 1 is provided with a solution layer filled with water, a temperature and humidity adjusting and controlling system at the top end in the microorganism culture pond 1 sprays water to a microorganism breeding and growing layer through an atomizing system, redundant water and microorganisms are discharged from a screen and stored in the solution layer, the solution layer is used as a microorganism moving layer and a water supply layer, a waste gas inlet 5 is arranged at a position 10 cm above the liquid level at one side of the solution layer, a pressurizing fan is arranged in front of the waste gas inlet 5, the other side of the bottom of the solution layer is communicated with a water tank 7 with the height of 1.3-1.6 m, the width of 0.6-0.8 m and the width of the same as the thickness, and the water tank 7 is communicated with a circulating water pipe of a spraying system 9 in a biological solution treatment; the biological solution treatment spray tower 2 is provided with three layers of carbon steel nets, wild carbon and activated carbon fibers are placed in the carbon steel nets, a spray system 9 is arranged above each layer of carbon steel net, the spray system 9 is communicated with a water tank 7 at the bottom of the microorganism culture pond 1 through a circulating pump 6, and liquid sprayed by the spray system 9 of the biological solution treatment spray tower 2 is converged and then returns to the water tank 7 at the bottom of the microorganism culture pond to form a circulating loop; the top end of the biological solution treatment spray tower 2 is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is provided with a water-insulating net 11, and the air outlet is communicated with the bottom of the deep solid biological treatment purification tower 3 through a bent pipe; the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower 3 is sequentially provided with a first layer of carbon steel mesh, a second carbon steel mesh and a third layer of carbon steel mesh from bottom to top, the first layer of carbon steel mesh is provided with a biochemical solution spraying system 12, different biochemical solution formulas are selected according to different waste gas and dust pollution sources, the biochemical solution contains microorganism bacteria, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, polluted stem water and the like, and liquid sprayed by the biochemical solution spraying system 12 is gathered by a water tank 10 on the side surface of the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower 3 and then returns to the biochemical solution spraying system 12 through a circulating water pump 13 to form a circulating loop; a filler with the height of 30-40 cm and composed of coconut shells, peanut shells, barks, wild carbon, activated carbon fibers, zeolite, dried pork tripe, urea, plant hay and the like is placed in the carbon steel net of the second layer, different biochemical materials such as yeast, fermentation powder and an aqueous solution of baking powder are sprayed on the surface of the filler, the humidity is about 48%, and solid biological filler fermentation and purification are carried out; particularly, when the paint spraying waste gas is placed with sodium carbonate, sodium sulfite and the water solution of the green bonnie after hydrolysis and thermalization, the water solution is placed in the layer after the wild carbon treatment, the water solution is sprayed in the filling material, wherein the humidity of the filling material is about 48 percent, and the filling material is promoted to react in the thermalization process to achieve the purification purpose of removing, degrading and converting; the biochemical materials are different according to different pollutants in the waste gas, and the humidity is kept at about 48%; part of activated carbon fiber, a small amount of activated carbon, coconut shells, dried lemons, dried pork tripes, plant grass, peanut shells, walnut shells and the like are placed in the third layer of carbon steel net, and chemical materials such as diethylenetriamine and the like are sprayed on the third layer of carbon steel net; the top of the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower is provided with an air outlet.
Example 1: biological treatment method for paint spraying waste gas pollutants
Harmful gaseous substances in the paint spraying waste gas comprise VOCs400mg/m3Wherein the benzene is 15mg/m3Toluene and xylene 60mg/m3120mg/m of dust3。
The microbial breeding growth layer of the microbial breeding pool shown in fig. 1 is bred with microbial strains such as mud green bacteria, saccharomycetes and the like, a first layer of carbon steel mesh of the deep solid biological treatment purification tower 3 is provided with a biochemical solution formula selected by a biochemical solution spraying system 12, the biochemical solution contains microbial strains, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, polluted stem water and the like, and the preparation method is as follows: drying the plant stem-polluted tree in the sun, burning the plant stem-polluted tree into ash, and filtering the ash with spring water to obtain alkaline filtrate as stem-polluted water; the collected pork tripe fruits are dried, washed by water and then dried until the content of the pork tripe fruits is 85 wt% to obtain dried pork tripe fruits, then the dried pork tripe fruits are crushed, mixed with dirty stem water and soaked for 24 hours, and then the soaked pork tripe fruits and wild sludge are subjected to water soaking treatment to prepare the product, so that the product has good degradation and removal effects on sulfur dioxide and dimethylbenzene, and the growth of microorganisms is promoted. Coconut shells, peanut shells, barks, wild carbon, activated carbon fibers, zeolite, dried pork tripe, urea and plant hay are placed in the second-layer carbon steel net, yeast, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfite and aqueous solution of the plant scindapsus aureus after hydrolysis and thermalization are sprayed on the surface of the second-layer carbon steel net and placed in the second-layer carbon net after being treated by the wild carbon, the humidity is about 48%, and the filler is promoted to react in the thermalization process to achieve the purification purpose of removing, degrading and converting.
After being pressurized by a fan, the paint spraying waste gas enters a microorganism culture pond 1 from a waste gas inlet 5 shown in figure 1 for in-situ stable microorganism treatment, microorganism strains such as mud green bacteria and saccharomycetes are cultured in a microorganism propagation and growth layer, and preliminary harmless treatment such as biological oxidation, conversion, degradation, absorption and the like is carried out on harmful substances to obtain waste gas after the effective biological conversion of the harmful substances;
2) the waste gas obtained in the step 1) enters the bottom end of a biological solution treatment spray tower, organic waste gas continuously rises and is in contact collision with microorganisms of wild carbon and activated carbon fibers sprayed down by a spray system or attached to a carbon steel net, harmful gaseous substances in the waste gas enter a biological film and are completely adsorbed, converted, degraded and absorbed to obtain gas with the harmful gaseous substances effectively controlled, and the sprayed liquid is converged back to a water tank at the bottom of a microorganism culture pond through a water tank on the side surface of the biological solution treatment spray tower to provide nutrients for rapid propagation and growth of microorganisms;
3) and (3) after the gas obtained in the step 2) is treated by a deep solid biological treatment purification tower, completely purifying harmful substances dissociated in the gas. The content of harmful gaseous substances after purification is respectively 30mg/m of VOCs3Wherein benzene is 1mg/m3Toluene and xylene 5mg/m320mg/m of dust3。
Example 2: biological treatment method for waste gas pollutants in certain aluminum industry in south China sea
The harmful gaseous substances in the waste gas comprise VOCs400mg/m3920mg/m of sulfur dioxide3640mg/m of nitrogen oxide3450mg/m of dust3。
Waste gas enters a microorganism culture pond 1 from a waste gas inlet 5 of the device shown in figure 1 after being pressurized by a fan for in-situ stable microorganism treatment, microorganism breeding growth layers are cultured with microorganism strains such as mud green bacteria, saccharomycetes, thiobacillus, sulfate reducing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and the like, and the content of harmful gaseous substances after purification is respectively 30mg/m of VOCs350mg/m of sulfur dioxide3Nitrogen oxides 30mg/m310mg/m of dust3。
Claims (10)
1. A system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust is characterized by comprising a microorganism culture pond, a biological solution treatment spray tower and a deep solid biological treatment purification tower which are sequentially communicated through a ventilation bent pipe; wherein the upper end is equipped with the screen cloth of more than two-layer in the microorganism culture pond, lays the material that is fit for various microorganism to breed to grow on the screen cloth, includes: 45-50 wt% of wild sludge, 3-5 wt% of broken tiles, 5-15 wt% of waste wood residue and bran, 3-5 wt% of broken ceramic chips, 5-8 wt% of sheep manure, 5-8 wt% of dry taro skin, 5-8 wt% of charcoal, 5-8 wt% of waste bamboo materials, 5-8 wt% of dried pine bark, 3-5% of pineapple peel and 1-3% of rotten linden fruit are used as a microorganism propagation growth layer, different microorganism strains are inoculated according to different pollutants in waste gas and dust, a temperature and humidity regulation control system and a photosynthesis system are arranged at the top end of a microorganism culture pond, and the humidity of materials which are arranged on a screen and are suitable for the propagation growth of various microorganisms is controlled to be 43-55%; the top end of the microorganism culture pond is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet, and the air outlet is communicated with the bottom end of the biological solution treatment spray tower through a ventilation bent pipe; the lower end of the microorganism culture pond is provided with a solution layer filled with water, a waste gas inlet is arranged above the liquid level on one side of the solution layer, a pressurizing fan is arranged in front of the waste gas inlet, the other side of the bottom of the solution layer is communicated with a water tank, and the water tank is communicated with a circulating water pipe of a spraying system in a biological solution treatment spraying tower through a circulating water pump; the biological solution treatment spray tower is provided with more than two layers of carbon steel nets, wild carbon and activated carbon fibers are placed in the carbon steel nets, a spray system is arranged above each layer of carbon steel net and is communicated with a water tank at the bottom of the microorganism culture pond through a circulating pump, and liquid sprayed by the spray system of the biological solution treatment spray tower is converged and then returns to the bottom of the microorganism culture pond to form a circulating loop; the top end of the biological solution treatment spraying tower is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is provided with a water-insulating net, and the air outlet is communicated with the bottom of the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower through a bent pipe; the deep solid biological treatment purification tower is sequentially provided with a first layer of carbon steel mesh, a second carbon steel mesh and a third layer of carbon steel mesh from bottom to top, the first layer of carbon steel mesh is provided with a biochemical solution spraying system, different biochemical solution formulas are selected according to different waste gas and dust pollution sources, and liquid sprayed by the biochemical solution spraying system is gathered by a water tank on the side surface of the deep solid biological treatment purification tower and then returns to the biochemical solution spraying system through a circulating water pump in the water tank to form a circulating loop; the biochemical solution contains microbial bacteria, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and sewage stem water, the sewage stem water is alkaline filtrate obtained by drying plant sewage stem trees, burning the plant sewage stem trees into ash and filtering the ash with mountain spring water, coconut shells, peanut shells, barks, wild carbon, activated carbon fibers, zeolite, dried pork tripe fruits, urea and plant hay are placed in the second layer of carbon steel net, different biochemical materials are sprayed on the surface of the second layer of carbon steel net, the humidity is about 48 percent, and solid biological filler fermentation and purification are carried out; activated carbon fiber, activated carbon, coconut shells, dried lemons, dried pork tripes, plant grass, peanut shells and walnut shells are placed in the third layer of carbon steel net, and diethylenetriamine is sprayed on the third layer of carbon steel net; the top of the deep solid biological treatment purifying tower is provided with an air outlet.
2. The system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism propagation and growth layer is further provided with a viewing port.
3. The system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the two layers of screens for the microorganism breeding and growing layer in the microorganism culture pond are uniformly spaced at a distance of 0.6-0.8cm in the vertical direction.
4. The system for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the waste gas is non-methane total hydrocarbon or spray paint waste gas, the biochemical solution in the biochemical solution spraying system arranged on the first layer carbon steel net of the deep solid biological treatment purification tower can be prepared by mixing stem sewage with dried pork tripe fruits for 24 hours, and then soaking the mixture with wild sludge; coconut shells, peanut shells, barks, wild carbon, activated carbon fibers, zeolite, dried pork tripe, urea and plant hay are placed in a second-layer carbon steel net of the deep solid biological treatment purification tower, biochemical materials are sprayed on the surfaces of the coconut shells, the peanut shells, the barks, the wild carbon, the activated carbon fibers, the zeolite, the dried pork tripe, the urea and the plant hay, and the biochemical materials are sodium carbonate, sodium sulfite and liquid obtained by treating an aqueous solution obtained after hydrolysis and thermalization of plant scindapsus aureus by using the wild carbon; the plant hay selects different plants according to different waste gases; the dirty stem water is alkaline filtrate obtained by drying plant dirty stem trees in the sun, burning the plant dirty stem trees into ash, filtering the ash with spring water, and the dried pork tripe refers to collected pork tripe fruits, air-drying the pork tripe fruits, washing the pork tripe fruits with water, air-drying the pork tripe fruits until the content of the pork tripe fruits is 80-90 wt%, and crushing the pork tripe fruits.
5. A method for biologically treating industrial waste gas and dust, which comprises the steps of:
1) the collected waste gas and dust are pressurized by a fan and then enter a microorganism culture pond through a waste gas inlet for in-situ stable microorganism treatment, different microorganism strains are cultured in microorganism propagation growth layers according to the property characteristics of different pollutants in the waste gas and the dust, and the harmful substances are subjected to biological oxidation, conversion, degradation and absorption preliminary harmless treatment to obtain the waste gas after the effective biological conversion of the harmful substances;
2) the waste gas obtained in the step 1) enters the bottom end of a biological solution treatment spray tower, organic waste gas continuously rises and is in contact collision with microorganisms of wild carbon and activated carbon fibers sprayed down by a spray system or attached to a carbon steel net, harmful gaseous substances in the waste gas enter a biological film and are completely adsorbed, converted, degraded and absorbed to obtain gas with the harmful gaseous substances effectively controlled, and the sprayed liquid is converged back to a water tank at the bottom of a microorganism culture pond through a water tank on the side surface of the biological solution treatment spray tower to provide nutrients for rapid propagation and growth of microorganisms;
3) and (3) after the gas obtained in the step 2) is treated by a deep solid biological treatment purification tower, completely purifying harmful substances dissociated in the gas.
6. A method for the biological treatment of industrial waste gas and dust according to claim 5 wherein the pollutants in the waste gas include atmospheric particulates, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, hydrocarbons and halides.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the harmful gaseous substances in the flue gas include VOCs, dust, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the VOCs comprise benzene, toluene, xylene.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the microorganism breeding growth layer is cultivated with different microorganism strains, including autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, aiming at the property characteristics of different pollutants in the waste gas and dust, the autotrophic bacteria mainly use inorganic carbon as carbon source, and the heterotrophic bacteria mainly use organic matter as carbon source and energy source.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of chlorophycetes, yeast, Thermus aquaticus, Thiobacillus, sulfate reducing bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria.
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| CN112138535A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-29 | 周悦先 | Preparation method of biological composite material of waste gas filtering device |
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