CN109659089A - High-temperature superconducting cable structure - Google Patents
High-temperature superconducting cable structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109659089A CN109659089A CN201910062510.4A CN201910062510A CN109659089A CN 109659089 A CN109659089 A CN 109659089A CN 201910062510 A CN201910062510 A CN 201910062510A CN 109659089 A CN109659089 A CN 109659089A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high temperature superconducting cable, which comprises the following components from outside to inside: a cryostat, a shielding layer, at least one insulating layer and phase conductor, and a cable backbone; liquid nitrogen is filled between the cryostat and the shielding layer and in the cable framework, a low-temperature-resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is further installed in the high-temperature superconducting cable, and the low-temperature-resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is at least installed in one of the following three positions: the outer surface of the shielding layer, the space between the outermost insulating layer and the outermost phase conductor and the inner surface of the cable framework. The invention has the characteristics of convenient use, simple structure and the like, and is convenient for obtaining the temperature information along the high-temperature superconducting cable through the low-temperature measuring optical fiber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technology of transmission of electricity application fields, and in particular to a kind of high-temperature superconductive cable structure.
Background technique
As China's economy develops rapidly, many urban power consumption are risen year by year, and the electric load of urban central zone swashs
Increase, transmission & distribution capacitance is significantly increased, and reduces grid loss and also proposes therewith the problems such as improving operation of power networks stability.Electricity at present
Net system is very big in the loss of power transmission and distribution link, therefore reduction grid loss scheme is all being found by each state, and wherein superconductor is to subtract
One of the most important scheme of few grid loss, and commercially producing for high-temperature superconductor band promotes superconducting device global
Research and application extensively.And compared with conventional electrical power cable, high-temperature superconductive cable is because its through-current capability is strong, capacity is big, knot
The advantages such as compact, the electromagnetic-radiation-free pollution of structure receive significant attention, and have had a plurality of high-temperature superconductive cable in world wide at present
Hanging net operation.
Unlike the application of conventional electrical power cable, the requirement of high-temperature superconductive cable running environment at least will be in liquid nitrogen temperature
(- 196 DEG C) are hereinafter, and its is smaller, more compact.It is extensive in power grid that high-temperature superconductive cable is also allowed for as a result,
Using there are following two technological difficulties:
(1) it when high-temperature superconductive cable is run, needs to be cooled to critical-temperature (- 196 DEG C) hereinafter, otherwise from outside by hyperconductive cable
Just it is unable to run.But when being powered because the reasons such as subregional thermal agitation of superconducting cable portion make hyperconductive cable partial region from super
State is led to be changed under normal conditions, the Joule heat of generation can make hyperconductive cable temperature rise, and then promote it is surrounding often lead transformation and
The region for often leading state is set to expand (quenching phenomenon)；
(2) high-temperature superconductive cable completely operates among liquid nitrogen, therefore its structure is varied considerably with conventional electrical power cable, size
It is smaller, compact-sized, cause traditional temperature sensor such as thermal resistance, thermal resistance that can not be mounted on hyperconductive cable to its edge
Line temperature is monitored (insulating performance of cable is destroyed and temperature sensor thermometric performance is by electromagnetic interference).
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming the prior art, a kind of high-temperature superconductive cable structure is provided, is set inside it
It is equipped with low temperature temperature-measuring optical fiber, has the characteristics that easy to use and structure is simple.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of high-temperature superconductive cable structure, from outside to
It inside include: cryostat, shielded layer, at least one layer of insulating layer and phase conductor and cable skeleton；In the cryostat
Liquid nitrogen is filled between shielded layer and in cable skeleton, in which:
Low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is further fitted with inside the high-temperature superconductive cable, the low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is at least pacified
Mounted in following three positions one of them: between shielded layer outer surface, outermost insulating layer and outermost phase conductor, electricity
Cable skeleton inner surface.
Wherein, the low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber uses the multimode fibre of Silica, and according to light around fibre cladding
Fine section is that the mode of concentric circles applies covering material, or is arranged with nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing；The nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing
Select fibre-reinforced plastics casing, PBT Loose tube, fragrant synthetic fibre kevlar casing.
Wherein, the low temperature resistant fiber is using linear laying or S-shaped system of laying.
Wherein, the cryostat is made of the double-layer stainless steel welding with vacuum interlayer, in the double-layer stainless steel
Vacuum interlayer in be provided with multilayer insulant and active carbon.
Wherein, the shielded layer is copper shield, single-ended or two sides earth.
Wherein, the insulating layer is made of polypropylene layer platen, aromatic polyamides paper or polyimide material.
Wherein, the phase conductor is second-generation high-temperature superconductor YBCO, width >=5mm, thickness requirement ≈
0.3mm, and layers of copper is coated with as stabilized zone.
Wherein, cable skeleton is the metal bellows for being covered with dense metal net, for superconducting tape row around reference support
Object, while being used for liquid nitrogen circulation duct.
Wherein, the high-temperature superconductive cable be three-phase independence hyperconductive cable structure, three-phase parallel axes hyperconductive cable structure or
Three-phase coaxial superconducting cable structure.
The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
The high-temperature superconductive cable of offer of the invention, by advance hyperconductive cable make when by optical fiber be installed to hyperconductive cable it
In, Temperature Distribution along high-temperature superconductive cable can be accurately grasped, consequently facilitating failure when hyperconductive cable maintenance conditions is arranged
It removes, reduces fault coverage, reduce fault handling time.
High-temperature superconductive cable structure provided by the invention has the characteristics that easy to use and structure is simple, super according to high temperature
The difference of conductive cable structure can cover high, medium and low voltage class, stability and high reliablity.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic cross-section of one embodiment of high-temperature superconductive cable provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear and complete
Ground description, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work it is obtained it is all its
Its embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, being a kind of structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of high-temperature superconductive cable provided by the invention.
In the present embodiment, it is illustrated with three-phase coaxial superconducting cable structure, it is to be understood that the present invention can also adopt
With other two kinds of hyperconductive cable structures.
As shown in Figure 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the high-temperature superconductive cable 11 its from outside to inside include: low temperature perseverance
Warm device 12, shielded layer 13, at least one layer of insulating layer and phase conductor and cable skeleton 16, wherein at least one layer of insulating layer includes
In outermost C phase insulating layer 14, minimum one layer of phase conductor includes C phase phase conductor 15, is next followed successively by B phase insulating layer, B
Phase phase conductor, A phase insulating layer, A phase phase conductor；Between the cryostat 12 and shielded layer 13 and in cable skeleton 16
Inside be filled with liquid nitrogen 17, thus make high-temperature superconductive cable 11 work running temperature (- 196 DEG C) below.
Low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber 9, the low temperature resistant temperature measuring optical are further fitted with inside the high-temperature superconductive cable 11
Fibre 9 is mounted at least one of them of following three positions: 13 outer surface of shielded layer, outermost insulating layer (i.e. C phase insulating layer
14) between outermost phase conductor (i.e. C phase phase conductor 15), 16 inner surface of cable skeleton.
Wherein, the cryostat 12 is made of the double-layer stainless steel welding with vacuum interlayer, stainless in the bilayer
Multilayer insulant and active carbon are further provided in the vacuum interlayer of steel, to guarantee the liquid nitrogen temperature of disengaging hyperconductive cable 11
It remains unchanged；
The shielded layer 13 is copper shield, and single-ended or two sides earth, main function is for shielding electric field, itself is without electricity
Stream passes through,；
The insulating layer is made of polypropylene layer platen (PPLP), aromatic polyamides paper (Nomex) or polyimide material
(PI), these materials are the compound material of normal use at low temperature；It is understood that the design of insulating layer depends on
The factors such as insulating materials characteristic, working voltage, cable scale.Comprehensively consider electrical property, hot property, power performance and technique difficulty
Etc. factors, the present embodiment can preferably PPLP as low temperature insulation material.
In the present embodiment, the phase conductor uses second-generation high-temperature superconductor YBCO, width >=5mm, thickness
It is required that ≈ 0.3mm, and layers of copper is coated with as stabilized zone；It is understood that second-generation high-temperature superconductor YBCO refers in metal
The Rare Earth film conductor of extension texture growing in base band (someone is referred to as Rare Earth coating conductor).This material be first in nickel or
Plating is conducive to the chemically stable layers that brilliant structure extends in the base band of nickel alloy, and crystal lattice orientation is consistent under the conditions of high temperature is with particular atmosphere
Ground plates high temperature superconducting materia(R represents a certain rare earth element, and the most frequently used is Y system) then plates silver or copper again
Protective layer.Producer can provide the second-generation high-temperature superconductor of 4 ~ 12mm wide at present, thickness generally in 0.3mm and
Below it.
Cable skeleton 16 is the metal bellows for being covered with dense metal net, for superconducting tape row around reference support object,
It is used for liquid nitrogen circulation duct simultaneously.
The low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber 9 is using the multimode fibre of Silica, and specifically, the material for constituting Silica-Based Optical Fibers can
It is suitably selected from pure quartz glass, the quartz glass (refractive index increases) for being doped with germanium (Ge) etc..
It is understood that temperature-measuring optical fiber 9 used in high-temperature superconductive cable 11 needs to be resistant to extremely low temperature (- 196
DEG C or less) environment, optical signal can in low temperature resistant fiber 9 normal propagation and not by addition to temperature other physical factors such as answer
The influence of power etc.；
It does not destroy the insulation performance of high-temperature superconductive cable 11 after optical fiber is installed and does not increase installation difficulty as far as possible, it is resistance to
9 size of temperature-measuring optical fiber of low temperature wants as small as possible and not energy band metal armouring.Therefore, temperature-measuring optical fiber 9 can be used only be coated with it is poly-
Imido bare fibre (intensity is lower) or nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing fiber optic.The nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing generally selects fiber reinforcement
Composite plastic casing, PBT Loose tube, fragrant synthetic fibre kevlar casing etc., can protect optical fiber, increase its intensity, it is made to be not easy to be broken off.
High-temperature superconductive cable 11 used in the present embodiment is three-phase coaxial superconducting cable structure, compact-sized, ruler
It is very little smaller.Therefore, selected 9 size of temperature-measuring optical fiber is not easy too big, to avoid the excessive hyperconductive cable inner space of occupancy and not
It can influence insulating performance of cable.In embodiment, the lesser bare fibre for being only coated with polyimides of preferred dimension or size compared with
Small nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing fiber optic, the installation site inside high-temperature superconductive cable 11 are as shown in Figure 1.
The small-sized bare fibre for being only coated with polyimide material is mountable in C phase phase conductor 15 and C phase insulating layer
Between 14, more directly to detect the temperature of phase conductor, but it should be noted that bare fibre intensity is lower, if directly in superconduction
Bare fibre is installed in the preparation process of cable, is easy to be destroyed and (the installation difficulty pole that fractures in complicated preparation section
Greatly).It is contemplated that, using the lesser nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing fiber optic of size, intensity is higher and to cable to lower installation difficulty
Insulation performance hardly impact, can be installed on the cable skeleton 16 of high-temperature superconductive cable 11 or be installed on shielding
In gap between layer 13 and cryostat 12.
In Practical Project, can select optical fiber installation site and quantity according to specific thermometric demand: above-mentioned installation site can
A plurality of temperature-measuring optical fiber is installed simultaneously, also may be selected that temperature-measuring optical fiber is wherein installed at one.
It can for the temperature-measuring optical fiber 9 being installed between 11 inside C phase phase conductor 15 of high-temperature superconductive cable and C phase insulating layer 14
It is laid on C phase phase conductor 15 by the way of linear laying, and in company with 15 coiling together of C phase phase conductor；For being installed on
11 inner cable skeleton 16 of high-temperature superconductive cable or the low temperature temperature-measuring optical fiber 9 being installed between shielded layer 13 and cryostat 12 can
It is laid by the way of S-shaped laying.
It is understood that the embodiment in the present invention is illustrated using three-phase coaxial superconducting cable structure.?
In Practical Project, other two kinds of structures can also be used, i.e. (a) three-phase independence hyperconductive cable structure and (b) three-phase parallel axes is super
Conductive cable structure.Wherein, three-phase independence hyperconductive cable, which refers in a cable jacket, contains only a phase conductor, in order to avoid each phase it
Between electromagnetic interference, three-phase independence hyperconductive cable can be used in middle and high voltage class；The three-phase of three-phase parallel axes hyperconductive cable
It is included in the same heat insulating and cable jacket, space is greatly saved, and conductor losses is low, do not need shielding electromagnetic field
Metal protection layer can use in middle pressure grade；And the three-phase conductor of three-phase coaxial superconducting cable is along same in Fig. 1
A axis coiling, space is more saved, and whole cable only uses a shielded layer, also more saves material, but this structure
The difficulty for increasing electric insulation, is only applicable in the voltage class of mesolow.
For remaining two kinds of hyperconductive cable, three selected same axis in optical fiber installation site and method and this example
High-temperature superconductive cable 11 is similar.Specifically, for three-phase independence hyperconductive cable structure, the low temperature temperature-measuring optical fiber can be installed
: in each cable between insulating layer and phase conductor, cable skeleton inner surface.And for three-phase parallel axes hyperconductive cable knot
Structure, wherein low temperature temperature-measuring optical fiber may be mounted between the insulating layer and phase conductor of each phase, cable skeleton inner surface.
The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
The high-temperature superconductive cable of offer of the invention, by advance hyperconductive cable make when by optical fiber be installed to hyperconductive cable it
In, Temperature Distribution along high-temperature superconductive cable can be accurately grasped, consequently facilitating failure when hyperconductive cable maintenance conditions is arranged
It removes, reduces fault coverage, reduce fault handling time.
High-temperature superconductive cable structure provided by the invention has the characteristics that easy to use and structure is simple, super according to high temperature
The difference of conductive cable structure can cover high, medium and low voltage class, stability and high reliablity.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
The above is only the specific embodiment of the application, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise of not departing from the application principle, several improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as the protection scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of high-temperature superconductive cable structure, include: from outside to inside cryostat, shielded layer, at least one layer of insulating layer and
Phase conductor and cable skeleton；Liquid nitrogen is filled between the cryostat and shielded layer and in cable skeleton,
It is characterized in that,
Low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is further fitted with inside the high-temperature superconductive cable, the low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is at least pacified
Mounted in following three positions one of them: between shielded layer outer surface, outermost insulating layer and outermost phase conductor, electricity
Cable skeleton inner surface.
2. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the low temperature resistant temperature-measuring optical fiber is using quartz
The multimode fibre of system, and covering material, Huo Zhetao are applied in such a way that fiber cross-sections are concentric circles around fibre cladding
Equipped with nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing；The nonmetallic hard-pressed bale casing selects fibre-reinforced plastics casing, PBT Loose tube, fragrant synthetic fibre
Kevlar casing.
3. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the low temperature resistant fiber is applied using linear
If or S-shaped system of laying.
4. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the cryostat by
Double-layer stainless steel welding with vacuum interlayer is made, and is provided with multilayer insulant in the vacuum interlayer of the double-layer stainless steel
And active carbon.
5. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the shielded layer is copper shield, list
End or two sides earth.
6. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the insulating layer uses polypropylene laminate
Paper, aromatic polyamides paper or polyimide material are made.
7. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the phase conductor is second generation high-temperature superconductor
Band YBCO, width >=5mm, thickness requirement ≈ 0.3mm, and layers of copper is coated with as stabilized zone.
8. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that cable skeleton is the gold for being covered with dense metal net
Belong to bellows, for superconducting tape row around reference support object, while be used for liquid nitrogen circulation duct.
9. high-temperature superconductive cable structure as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the high-temperature superconductive cable is that three-phase is independent
Hyperconductive cable structure, three-phase parallel axes hyperconductive cable structure or three-phase coaxial superconducting cable structure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910062510.4A CN109659089A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | High-temperature superconducting cable structure |
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| CN201910062510.4A CN109659089A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | High-temperature superconducting cable structure |
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| CN201910062510.4A Pending CN109659089A (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | High-temperature superconducting cable structure |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112636466A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Monitoring protection device and monitoring method for high-temperature superconducting cable |
| CN112629695A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Superconducting cable temperature monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN113506653A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-15 | 中天集团上海超导技术有限公司 | Compact superconducting cable and cable assembly with same |
| WO2022077569A1 (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-21 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Double-ended countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable |
Citations (3)
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| WO2022077569A1 (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-21 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Double-ended countercurrent refrigeration system for superconducting cable |
| CN112636466A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Monitoring protection device and monitoring method for high-temperature superconducting cable |
| CN112629695A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Superconducting cable temperature monitoring system and monitoring method thereof |
| CN112636466B (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2023-10-31 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Monitoring protection device and monitoring method for high-temperature superconducting cable |
| CN113506653A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-15 | 中天集团上海超导技术有限公司 | Compact superconducting cable and cable assembly with same |
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