CN101164120A - Superconducting multiphase cable system, method for the production thereof and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fluid-cooled superconducting multiphase cable system comprising: a) an electrical cable comprising at least three electrical conductors constituting at least two electrical phases and a zero or neutral conductor, said electrical conductors being electrically insulated from each other; and b) a thermal insulation defining a central longitudinal axis and having an inner surface and surrounding the cable, said inner surface of said thermal insulation forming a radial restriction to a cooling cavity holding a cooling fluid for cooling said electrical conductor. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cable system and use thereof. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simplified manufacturing method and installation solution for a fluid-cooled cable system. This problem is solved in that said cable, at least over a part of its length, when viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to said longitudinal axis, is in an off-centre position with respect to said central longitudinal axis, and in that the off-centre position has the function of accommodating thermal contraction and expansion of the cable with respect to the thermal insulation. An advantage of having a non-concentric arrangement, for example in the form of a separate cable comprising a conductor provided in multiple sections and a separate tubular thermal insulation (e.g. vacuum insulation tube), is that these "individual units" can be produced in parallel and independently, as well as joined in a simple manner. The non-concentric solution thus has the potential for being economically advantageous, logically flexible (production, material, user-evaluation, i.e. flexibility in every sense) and saving manufacturing time and costs. The invention can be used, for example, for low, medium and high voltage superconducting DC or AC cables for power distribution.

Description

Superconductive multi-phase cable system, its manufacture method and use thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used for the AC or the DC cable of distributing electric power.

The present invention be more particularly directed to the heterogeneous cable system of fluid-cooled superconduction.The invention still further relates to the method and the use thereof of making cable system.

The present invention is for example useful such as being used in the such application of the low of distributing electric power and high pressure hyperconductive cable.

Background technology

Triax

[G.Bogner, Transmission of electrical energy by superconductingcables, in " Superconducting Machines and Devices " (in " superconducting device and equipment ", passing through the hyperconductive cable electric energy transmitting), Ed.S.Foner and B.Schwartz (Plenum Publishing Co., 1974), pp.430-431] and [T.Tanaka, A.Greenwood, Advanced Power Cable Technology-Volume II:Presentand Future (advanced power cable technology-second volume: present and following), (1983, CRCPress, Boca Raton, FL), pp.242-259] three hyperconductive cables with three concentric phase conductors have been described.Superconductor is applied to the surface of the cooling pipe that is suspended in vacuum.Middle conductor is described to a kind of two-conductor that applies two sides of ring-type cooling pipe.The author indicates the difficulty of the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION on two conductors that are controlled at the 2nd phase.This CURRENT DISTRIBUTION for eliminate the 2nd mutually in eddy current loss in cooling pipe need.Common thermal insulation (cryogenic thermostat device) is concentric with conductor.Electric insulation reaches by solid shim, reflection foil and vacuum.

DE-43 40 046 describes three AC cables with three concentric conductors and public shielding.Cable assembly is body concentric with thermal insulation.Have concentric center and ring-type cooling duct.Like this, around cable, reach uniform cooling.Three-phase conductor is made by the BiSrCaCuO tape in silver-colored foreskin.The cooling fluid that is the liquid nitrogen form can flow in the concentric cooling duct of center and ring-type.Each phase conductor is separated by the 10-50mm that forms electric insulation thick PE or polypropylene tape layer.Insulation thickness between third phase and the shielding only is 60% of two insulation thicknesses between the phase conductor.The cooling medium see and turn back to the annular cooling channel (150-500mm) of ring-type off in cooling duct, center (50-200mm Φ).Because the radially heat exchange between these two streams, the far-end of this cable will be experienced the extreme temperature drift that surpasses the temperature difference between the stream that comes and goes.Because the big size and the weight of the cryogenic thermostat device of assembling with one heart with cable, be expected at and make and some difficulty arranged during transportation.The production of electricity phase conductor and installation unit length become the restriction for the element length that is subjected to the cryogenic thermostat device.Reach the centering that cable is assembled when will on the cable conductor assembly, make the cryogenic thermostat device, exist technical difficulty.Yet,,, to compare with eccentric position because under the situation of current imbalance towards reaching effort aspect the thoughts of returning home degree (centricity), thoughts of returning home degree is a reason that reduces eddy current loss.In the design of describing, if be subjected to the frequent overcurrent that takes place in the power network of reality, the conductor that then comprises BSCCO can be overheated.If silver-colored shell is made significantly thicker to be used as stabilizer, then this cable design can become and expensive the people lost interest in.

Coaxial line

Sato etc. (IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, the IEEE journal is about using superconductivity), Vol.7, No.2,1997, pp.345-350) describe 3 phase HTS cables, it uses the BSCCO material to be used to have the conductor of parallel nonconcentric(al) version.Every skeleton (former), HTS conductor, dipping LN of comprising mutually ₂PPLP insulator and HTSD insulation shielding.Each electricity have mutually it LN ₂Be placed in the cooling duct at center and by constituting the cryogenic thermostat device and surrounding 3 public external refrigeration passages that the bellows system mutually of separating forms.This design specialized is in three-phase AC system and needs six times of HTS materials to an ampacity (current rating) mutually (three-phase and three shieldings).Under the situation of bipolarity DC system, compatible " two-phase " system need be four times in the HTS material (two-phase and two shieldings) of phase ampacity, that is, described design principle needs 2N phase ampacity doubly.This invention need be from N doubly up to the HTS of N+1 times of phase ampacity material, and wherein N is the number of phases.This invention only needs skeleton of each N phase system, for N＞1, and N＜N+1＜2N.

Leghissa etc. (IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (the IEEE journal, about the application superconductivity) Vol.9, No.2,1999, pp.406-411) the coaxial 1 phase HTS type cable of exploitation 110kV/400 MVA is described.Conductor is made by BPSDCCO multicore tape, and by dipping LN ₂The High-Voltage Insulation of synthetic tape realize electric insulation.Cable has coaxial superconducting shielding conductor.Cable core is inclusive in the flexible cryogenic thermostat device of the bellows that comprises superinsulation, and is positioned in the bottom of this cryogenic thermostat device the inside and does not need centering device.Three-phase system can make up according to three the so single-phase coaxial cable conductors (perhaps these three conductors also can be placed in respectively in three cryogenic thermostat devices that separate) that are arranged on a public cryogenic thermostat device the inside.Cable utilizes the LN of closed circulation ₂System is cooled off.

The thermal contraction management

JP-09-134624A discloses a kind of method of making hyperconductive cable, wherein solve in the following manner management during big temperature change (such as from room temperature to low work cryogenic temperature, or vice versa) problem that changes of the length of cable: be fed to heat at the production period cable and seal (envelope), and simultaneously by cooled with liquid nitrogen, cable is followed straight line path in this heat is sealed.Turn back to subsequently room temperature during, cable is limited in identical length and allow expands, and causes sealing middle non-rectilinear (for example, crooked shape) path in heat.

Summary of the invention

Prior art problems is that fluid cools off the complicate fabrication process of cable system and expends time in, and uses lot of materials, and during use, efficient is quite low.

The objective of the invention is to seek to overcome one or more problems of aforesaid prior art.Another object of the present invention provides the manufacturing and the mount scheme of the simplification of fluid cooling cable system.

The objective of the invention is by in claims, describe and as below the present invention of describing reach.

Superconductive multi-phase cable system

The objective of the invention is to realize that by a kind of fluid-cooled superconduction heterogeneous cable system this system comprises:

A) cable, it comprises at least two of formations electricity mutually and at least three electric conductors of a zero or neutral conductor, the mutual electric insulation of described electric conductor; And

B) thermal insulation, its regulation center longitudinal axis and have inner surface and surround cable, described heat-insulating described inner surface forms the radially restriction to the cooling chamber of a cooling fluid that is kept for cooling off described electric conductor, wherein said cable--at least on its a part of length--is when watching on the cross section perpendicular to described longitudinal axis, be in respect to the position of described central longitudinal, and wherein eccentric position has the function of appropriate cable with respect to heat-insulating thermal contraction and/or expansion to eccentric shaft.

In an embodiment of the present invention, " one comprise at least two of formations electricity mutually and the cable of at least three electric conductors of zero or neutral conductor " be looked at as for example have two electricity mutually with a neutrality (for the DC situation) or three electric mutually with the cable of a shielding/neutrality/earthing conductor (for three-phase AC situation).

In this article, the concentric arrangement of meaning right and wrong of term " the eccentric arrangement ", for example be meant that the cable system that finally obtains is not (that is, the cross sectional view of cable system has only by just rotating back into itself for 360 ° around the rotation of the heat-insulating center of tubulose longitudinal axis) of circle symmetry.In other words, the central shaft of the body that constitutes by the electric conductor that is in the tubulose thermal insulation (and the cooling chamber/passage of their mutual electric insulation and possible inside, be called as " cable " altogether) be inconsistent with the heat-insulating center of tubulose longitudinal axis.On a given cross section, body is defined as (supposing the cross section that is essentially circular with respect to the difference between the center of this two bodies of maximum body radius with respect to the degree of eccentricity of another body (cable seal with respect to heat inner surface or outer surface) here; Otherwise the degree of eccentricity can define with respect to (for example, maximum or minimum) cross section scale of a feature).

In one embodiment, cable is located to eccentric shaft ground with respect to central longitudinal on its whole length basically.In one embodiment, the degree of eccentricity is along the length variations of cable system.Alternatively, the degree of eccentricity is constant along the length of cable system or the cross section of cable system basically.

In one embodiment, the inner surface of thermal insulation (cryogenic thermostat device) moves neatly with respect to the outer surface of thermal insulation (cryogenic thermostat device).In one embodiment, heat-insulating inner surface has non-directional route along the length of cable system, such as zigzag path.This has advantage: cable can be when non-cryogenic temperature (for example, room temperature) under by compression the situation even utilize the space of cryogenic thermostat device better, consults for example Figure 11 c.

Preferably, cable (has outer diameter D _{Out, cable}) (that is, have diameter D with respect to heat-insulating inner surface _{In, cryo}Cryogenic thermostat device inwall) the degree of eccentricity be defined as 1-(D _{Out, cable}/ D _{In, cryo}) (that is 2 * Δ, _Ex/ D _{In, cryo}, below consulting), it is in from 1% to 20% scope, such as from 5% to 15%.Preferably, cable (that is, has diameter D with respect to heat-insulating outer surface _{Out, cryo}Cryogenic thermostat device outer wall) the degree of eccentricity be in from 1% to 50% scope, such as from 10% to 45%, such as from 20% to 30%.

In one embodiment, under the different temperature of the degree of eccentricity at cable of cable on the given cross section, be different.

In one embodiment, the heterogeneous cable system of fluid-cooled superconduction comprises:

A) cable, it comprises that at least two of formations electricity mutually and at least three electric conductors of a zero or neutral conductor, the mutual electric insulation of described electric conductor, at least some described electric conductors are separated, arrange with one heart around ground mutually by electric insulation, described zero or neutral conductor form public backflow electric conductor, described cable system comprises around described electricity mutually and described zero or neutral conductor and shield with the common electrical of their electric insulations, and

B) thermal insulation, its regulation center longitudinal axis and have inner surface and surround cable, described heat-insulating described inner surface form the radially restriction to the cooling chamber of a cooling fluid that is kept for cooling off described electric conductor,

Wherein said cable--at least on its a part of length--is when watching on the cross section perpendicular to described longitudinal axis, be in respect to the position of described central longitudinal to eccentric shaft, and wherein this eccentric position has the function of appropriate cable with respect to heat-insulating thermal contraction and/or expansion, at this, Δ _ExBe the average distance that cable tracer arrives the thermal insulation center line, and it is according to vertical thermal contraction ε of following mode and cable _LInterrelate:

$\frac{L_p}{2\mathrm{\π}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_L+1)}^2-1}\≤{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}$

Cable tracer is described in the helix of cryogenic thermostat device the inside, L basically _pIt is the gap length of this helix.

The concentric multi-phase cable system of eccentric location (for example, triax) with eccentric location parallel jointly (for example, tlv triple) system's advantage of comparing is, might reach bigger skeleton and phase diameter (sealing internal diameter) for identical heat, thereby thereby cause lower magnetic field and higher critical current and lower AC loss, provide the material of minimizing to use and the more effective cable system of energy once more.

Easily assembled property

Having nonconcentric(al) arrangement (for example has and comprises that conductor and " separating " (typically tubulose), thermal insulation (for example, the vacuum insulation pipe, the advantage of the form of " separating " cable cryogenic thermostat device)) is, these two " independent unit " production that can walk abreast, and then to be bonded together than the simple mode of concentric structure, wherein must be installed in pad on ' cable ' before around pad manufacturing tubulose thermal insulation (for example, vacuum insulation pipe).This arrangement that does not have central pad, be easy to thermal insulation or on cable conductor the cryogenic thermostat device partly be carried out microgroove connection (threading), thereby the cable conductor assembly be installed in cryogenic thermostat device the inside by for example cable conductor being stretched, push or blow (blow).Therefore that non-concentric solution has is favourable economically, in logic flexibly with the potentiality of saving manufacturing time and cost.

Reduce flow resistance

The degree of eccentricity that cable is sealed the location with respect to heat also has advantage: compare with coaxial situation, reduce flow resistance (for example, consulting Frank M.Whiite, " Viscous Fluid Flow (viscous fluid stream) ", McGraw-Hill, p.127 (Fig. 3-8)).

Optional cable and device

It has additional advantage: the space of increase is provided in heat is sealed, for example is used to monitor or communication objective optional other cable or parts for use in one or more.

Thermal contraction

In addition, the compensation of the degree of eccentricity and the existing partly built-in thermal contraction that is used for conductor is combined, provides to be used for the mechanism of compensating conductor in the thermal contraction of the longitudinal direction of cable.

Reliability

The reliabilty and availability of super-conductive cable system depends on the repairing time of cable system under failure situations in electrical network.The prevailing reason of fault is because such as excavating the damage that the such external factor of construction causes in cable system.So, be that thermal insulation cryogenic thermostat device is damaged mostly.Because vacuum insulation is the most effective thermal insulation, in the incident of damaging, be in cable, must rebuild vacuum mostly by pumping.Pump time is long for long pumping distance.In long cryogenic thermostat device, might insert a plurality of pumping ports.Yet in the present invention, the number of cryogenic thermostat device that has globality on the function is greater than the number of cable unit.Like this, under failure situations, need the length of the cryogenic thermostat device rebuild be reduced to the cable conductor assembly length half or shorter.Like this, thus can reduce pump time and reduce the repairing time.In addition, the number of bunkie station also can reduce.In one embodiment of the invention, the cable conductor assembly is longer than 1 kilometer, and the number of cryogenic thermostat device part is greater than 10, and is 1 excavating the pumping port that damages during repair the back and the number of bunkie station.This causes having for the user the more reliable cable system of higher availability.

Detailed description of the invention

Definition

In the present context, term " cable conductor assembly " or be called for short " cable " be used in the electric insulation that comprises electric conductor and the correspondence between adjacent electric conductor (with randomly, the other layer relevant with it) the part of cable system.According to cable system of the present invention therefore be included on the above meaning " cable " and around the thermal insulation of cable, wherein cable is with respect to heat-insulating center longitudinal axis (at least at its part of longitudinal extension) location prejudicially.

Term " low, in and high voltage " is meant respectively in the present context from 24V to 6kV, begins up from 10kV to 30kV and from 50kV again.Be applicable to the voltage that is distributed in the kV zone according to cable system of the present invention, for example, the voltage in the scope from 5kV to 50kV or greater than the voltage of 50kV, such as voltage, such as voltage greater than 100kV greater than 60kV.

In the present context, term " heterogeneous " is meant more than one electric phase, for example two or three or a plurality of electric phase.

Term " deep cooling is sealed "; " heat is sealed ", " thermal insulation " used interchangeably for surrounding electric conductor and their corresponding electric insulation and protective layer (cable) construction unit with the cooling chamber that is formed for holding the cooling fluid that is used to cool off described electric conductor.

In one embodiment, the cable that is made of electric conductor (with their electric insulation and possible " inside " cooling chamber/passage) is positioned at the tubulose thermal insulation, so that the heat-insulating inner surface of physics contact tubulose is the part of its length on the direction of heat-insulating longitudinal axis regulation by this at least.

For example be meant by predetermined direction according to the longitudinal direction of cable system of the present invention around the electric power transfer of this cable system of the heat-insulating axis convention of cable.

Term triax and tlv triple structure in present patent application, be used in respectively comprise have with concentric arrangement (triax, consult Fig. 8 a 801) mode and have a pyramidal structure (tlv triple

, consult Fig. 8 b) and the construction of cable of three electric phases of mode.

Degree of eccentricity definition

The term " off-centre " relevant with the position of parts on the given cross section of object is meant the geometric center of object " be positioned to be different from Anywhere ", promptly, " cable " locatees prejudicially with respect to " thermal insulation ", is meant that the geometric center of " cable " and heat-insulating geometric center are inconsistent.

Term in the present context " degree of eccentricity " is meant on the cross section perpendicular to longitudinal direction, the center of heat-insulating outer wall of tubulose or inwall respectively with respect to the tubulose thermal insulation (for example, its radius is if inside is circular) maximum inner diameter size (that is, center to wall) between distance.

Fig. 8 demonstration is cooled off the high-voltage cable system according to fluid of the present invention, and Fig. 8 a is 3 phase structures with concentric arrangement of public electric screen, and Fig. 8 b has 3 phase structures that public electric screen is arranged side by side.

Fig. 8 shows the scale parameter according to cable system 800 of the present invention.' x ' expression (these centers are confirmed as the geometric center of the outer limit that cable and heat seals here respectively) is used at cable 801 and heat 816 the center 840,840 of sealing respectively.The distance of their center to center each other is represented as Δ _ExThe outside diameter d of cable 801 _Cab Seal 816 inner diameter d with heat _CeBe illustrated.Heat is sealed 816 inwall 8161 and outer wall 8162 and is illustrated.In the present context, the degree of eccentricity of cable system is defined as the center to center Δ _ExThe inside radius d that seals with heat _Ce/ 2 ratio.Degree of eccentricity E _xCan be represented as E _x=2 * Δ _Ex/ d _Ce

Thermal contraction

A purpose of excentral cable design is the thermal contraction of appropriate cable conductor assembly when cooling.This passes through in the present invention warm (room temperature, what RT) lead-in cable partly reached with respect to a heat-insulating mistake length (over-length) in the cable system.The RT of cable crosses length and is designed such that, when cable was cooled to its working temperature, cable and cryogenic thermostat device had the similar length of each mechanical constraint condition that is no more than them.In this example, the mistake length in diverse ways is quantized.

Adapting to some ability of crossing length calculates for following situation:

1) at straight cryogenic thermostat device inwall the inside, the cable conductor that as sine curve, rises and falls

2) at straight cryogenic thermostat device inwall the inside, the conductor on the helix of off-centre.

3) at straight cryogenic thermostat device outer wall the inside, the cable and the cryogenic thermostat device inwall that as sine curve, rise and fall together.

4) in straight cryogenic thermostat device outer wall the inside, be in conductor and inner cryogenic thermostat wall on the helix together.

5) the cryogenic thermostat device outer wall that rises and falls as sine curve reach 90 ° with the bending of cryogenic thermostat device inwall, and cable externally with in the interior curve is in extreme eccentric position.

Calculating is to seal (cryogenic thermostat device) at the cable conductor assembly with 65mm external diameter (OD) and heat with 84mm internal diameter (ID) and 150mm external diameter to carry out.

Calculating is to carry out by using from the excel spreadsheet lattice software of Microsoft.The length of sinuous path P is estimated by approximate expression:

$P=\mathrm{\π}(a+b)\left(\frac{1+3h}{10+\sqrt{4-3h}}\right)$

Wherein

$a=\sqrt{{\left(\frac{L_p}{2\mathrm{\π}}\right)}^2+{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}^2},$ $b=\frac{L_p}{2\mathrm{\π}}$ And $h=\frac{{(a-b)}^2}{{(a+b)}^2}$

L _pBe gap length, or sinusoidal Cycle Length, and Δ _ExIt is sinusoidal amplitude.The length of helix is calculated as

$L=\sqrt{L_p^2+{\left({2\mathrm{\π\Δ}}_{\mathrm{ex}}\right)}^2}$

It below is the example of these calculating.

1.3kA it is combined that (rms) realization of AC triax cable situation can be similar to situation #4 (helix) and situation #5 (bending).This needs the degree of eccentricity Ex of cable conductor bending (buckle) to 12-17%, corresponding to the Δ of about 18-25mm _Ex, have the gap length of 1.5m to 3m.If outside cryogenic thermostat device is also in the several position bending, then thermal contraction adapts to better.This can help the cable conductor distortion.Yet, this in being assembled into the cryogenic thermostat device during can increase pulling force to cable.

2. the ability that is used to be adapted to thermal expansion needs the slit of an about 20mm between inner cryogenic thermostat ID and cable OD, and keeps the externally mobility of the about 20-25mm in the cryogenic thermostat device of inner cryogenic thermostat simultaneously.Like this, the degree of eccentricity of cable can be up to E _x=30%, corresponding to Δ _Ex=(20+25)/2=22.5mm.

In a particular embodiment, cable has with the physics of described heat-insulating described inner surface on its part of length by described longitudinal direction regulation at least and contacts.This has the advantage that does not need liner.

In a particular embodiment, cable by gravity with such as the definite position of mechanical constraint condition crooked and that thermal contraction is such on have with the physics of described heat-insulating described inner surface and contact.This has the needs of being avoided liner, makes it possible to assemble dividually the advantage of cryogenic thermostat device and conductor/cable.And, the feasible thermal contraction that might partly adapt to conductor.

In a particular embodiment, the position of cable is with respect to the degree of eccentricity of the heat-insulating center of tubulose longitudinal axis, at least on its a part of length, preferably, on its most of length, greater than 5%, such as greater than 10%, such as greater than 20%, such as greater than 35%.For the degree of eccentricity of actual selection of the cable design of regulation be sectional dimension with necessary thermal compensation between trade off.Off-centre is many more, and applicable length is big more excessively, but usually, the cross section that heat is sealed is big more, so material consumption is big more.

In a particular embodiment, the cable conductor assembly moves to thermal contraction and the expansion that another eccentric position can compensate in cable cooling and stand during heating or caused by overcurrent or fault current from an eccentric position.This advantage that has is not need extra compensation loop or other termination precautionary measures, such as mechanical clamp or the roller strengthened, so that the compensation that can be terminated.

Radial contraction

Cable conductor assembly of the present invention can be constructed such that with the intrinsic material behavior of superconducting component and normal conducting element and compare, reduce its vertical thermal contraction.Electric insulation layer can loosely twine with big spacing angle (40-90 degree), so that radially thermal contraction becomes big in when cooling, for example when being 1-5% when ambient temperature is cooled to 70K.The further enhancing of radial contraction can obtain by the flexible layer under dielectric layer.This flexible layer is made by porous polymer material, or makes by presenting (5-20mm) spring action, wide flexible metal or polymer tape.This big radial contraction adapts to partly or entirely vertically shrinking of in cable metal or superconduction tape, and it for example can be 0.25%, 0.3%, or 0.4%.Vertical contraction of this cable for example is reduced to 0.25%, 0.2%, 0.1% or 0%.Big radially thermal contraction also can part obtain by means of the machine direction in the medium tape.For example, fiber reinforced polymer almost is being neutral aspect vertical contraction, and is parallel to the cable axle as fruit fiber, has big radial contraction.Like this, the portion of hot of the parts of cable conductor assembly is shunk and is conditioned by radial contraction, and remaining vertical thermal contraction moves to second eccentric position by conductor assembly from an eccentric position and is conditioned.

The quantitative degree of eccentricity

In one embodiment cable with respect to the degree of eccentricity of the heat-insulating center of tubulose longitudinal axis greater than 5%, such as greater than 10%, such as greater than 15%, such as greater than 20%, such as greater than 30%.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, center to center Δ _ExAs follows with the vertical thermal contraction ε of the residue of cable _LInterrelate:

$\frac{L_p}{2\mathrm{\π}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_L+1)}^2-1}\≤{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}$

Δ _ExBe the average distance of the center line of cable to the center line of outside cryogenic thermostat device.Cable tracer is described the helix of cryogenic thermostat device the inside.L _pIt is the gap length of this helix.

In one embodiment, Δ _ExBending radius with cable interrelates as follows:

${\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}\≤\frac{R_{\mathrm{bend}}{L}_p^2}{{\left({2\mathrm{\πR}}_{\mathrm{bend}}\right)}^2-L_p^2}$

R wherein _BendBe the bending radius of the minimum under the occasion that remains intact by the cable properties that crooked test is for example determined.This has such effect: the overcoat of cryogenic thermostat device inside (inner surface that heat is sealed) does not apply any constraints to the complications of cable, but outer jacket (outer surface that heat is sealed)--and particularly outer jacket tortuous and crooked--is utilized at utmost or sufficiently be adapted to the thermal contraction of the expection when the cooling cable.

Term " bending radius of the minimum that the cable properties of being determined by for example crooked test remains intact " is meant minimum bending radius in the present context, for it, after cable is subjected to given crooked test (such as, for example in radius of curvature R around predetermined minimum _Min20 times of bendings after 1 μ V/m I _cIndex), cable is its fundamental characteristics, such as I _{C, max}(1 μ V/m I _cIndex does not significantly change comprising: cooling characteristics that heat is sealed etc.) remain at least 90%, such as at least 95%, thereby, keep high pressure characteristics according to IEEE or CIGRE standard.

In one embodiment, cable system is constructed such that the center to center Δ _ExSatisfy two requirements

$\frac{L_p}{2\mathrm{\π}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_L+1)}^2-1}\≤{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}\≤\frac{R_{\mathrm{bend}}{L}_p^2}{{\left({2\mathrm{\πR}}_{\mathrm{bend}}\right)}^2-L_p^2}$

In one embodiment,

L _p＝nL _s，n＞1

L wherein _sBe the longest stranded gap length of superconduction tape or line in cable, and n is an integer.

Parameter n is selected as greater than 1, such as equaling 2, or more preferably equals 3.In the form below, shown possible example of the present invention:

Example #	L s [m]	n	L p [m]	ε L	R bend [m]	Min [mm]	Δ ex [mm]	Max [mm]	OD cryo [m]	E x[％]
											1	0,3	2	0,6	0,002	1,5	6,04	6,07	6,10	0,10	6,1
2	0,4	2,5	1	0,0025	1,2	11,26	14,67	21,49	0,12	12,2
											3	0,3	3	0,9	0,003	1,7	11,10	11,63	12,16	0,15	7,8
4	0,4	3,5	1,4	0,0025	2	15,77	18,11	25,14	0,16	11,3
											5	0,5	4	2	0,003	1,4	24,67	32,05	76,32	0,14	22,9

The advantage of such embodiment of the present invention at first is, the degree of eccentricity of cable can be adapted to from ambient temperature to for example 4K, 9K, 30K, 50K, 70K, or vertical thermal contraction ε of cable under the working temperature of 100K _LDuring cooling or heating, cable from the off-centre setting, have a gap length L _pHelix change to and have gap length L＞L _pHelix or the eccentric straight line that is provided with.The second, the cable conductor assembly never bends to the radius less than admissible bending radius.The 3rd, have up to L _pThe HTS tape of gap length can slippage in structure so that allow to form needed helix, and do not worsen their superconducting characteristic.

Phase--material is saved with one heart

In a particular embodiment, zero or neutral conductor forms public backflow electric conductor.Advantage that provides material to save is provided than three independent center line/shieldings (AC situation) for this.In a particular embodiment, this zero or neutral conductor be arranged to around at least one electricity and be provided with one heart mutually.

In a particular embodiment, some (such as all) described electric conductor is arranged with one heart mutually, is separated by electric insulation at least.This have provide fast and the production on the basis of low-cost production easily/advantage of simplification property.

In a particular embodiment, the electric number of phases is 3.Superconduction triax notion is compared with the hyperconductive cable of single-phase hyperconductive cable and triad arrangement, because following characteristic is more favourable in many aspects:

1) uses less material.

2) less refrigeration loss (comparing) with single-phase cable.

3) because lower flow resistance and do not have the favourable eccentric structure that eddy current loss caused of growth, this is because of aspect the electromagnetism being neutral (and different with tlv triple on local yardstick).

4) by the interior construction material/radial adaptation of the degree of eccentricity (+mistake length) and thermal contraction, help compensating axial thermal contraction in combination.

5) the triax notion makes it possible to be suitable for neatly customer requirement, production simplification and dynamic, material flexibility and to the notion of the form adaption function of different HTS ribbon structure.

Superconductor

Being used for electric conductor can be any suitable kind of optimizing (relevant loss, condition of work and cost) when making up at the application of being discussed with the superconductor that randomly is used for electric screen.In a particular embodiment, at least one described electric conductor comprises from comprising for example BSCCO (BiSrCaCuO of the plumbous BSCCO that mixes ₃), YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide), RE-BCO (rare-earth barium copper oxides), MgB ₂, Nb3Sn, the superconductor of selecting in the material group of Nb3Ti and their combination.This have utilize known strictness test and strictly determined, particularly have an advantage of product of the characteristic of superconduction.It is favourable that use presents the HTS material of superconducting characteristic under up to the temperature more than the boiling point of liquid nitrogen yes.

Skeleton

In a particular embodiment, the electric conductor of arranging with one heart surrounds a volume of placing with respect to the electric conductor center of described concentric arrangement.This have principle simple, allow that hole, use center is used to cool off, the advantage of the device of thermal inertia, diagnosis and out of Memory and physical transport.

In a particular embodiment, the volume that is positioned at the center is used as the cooling duct of the cooling fluid that flows therein.

In a particular embodiment, cable comprises the center framework of the form of being made by metal, plastics or composite material with helix tube, pipe, bellows or interlocking pipe.This has the advantage of the physical support of the remainder that is provided for twining/make up cable.It also provides the yardstick basis for establishing of conductor.It randomly can be used in cooling.It can be provided for the randomly hole/chance of additional diagnostics, information or material conveying.

Low AC loss

In a particular embodiment, superconductor presents with the form of tape or line, arrange these tapes or line with such spacing angle with such order: make can be by optimizing the superconduction tape number and CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the superconducting layer be given in exchange or transient current under low electrical loss and the thermal stability of increase.This has the advantage that product flexibility (being convenient to realize the design customization of certain degree) is provided.Its other spacing also easy to use, and particularly different total layer/tape.Other parameter such as current carrying capacity more or less, fault-current protection more or less, low or high voltage, AC or DC, can be affected/optimize.

In a particular embodiment, each electric phase conductor comprises one deck or which floor superconduction tape, these layers are divided into one or more groups mutually every, each group comprises and has identical spacing direction one deck or which floor tape of (be called as " S " or " Z ", wherein Z relates to " right hand " winding and S relates to " left hand " winding).In all first group of each electric phase, these layers have identical spacing direction.

In first example, each phase conductor comprises three layers of superconduction tape in cable.A two-layer formation has a group of identical spacing direction " S " in each phase conductor.The 3rd layer in each phase conductor has spacing direction " Z ".This has the advantage that reduces in the axial magnetic field at cable center place.This reduces the eddy current in any metal part of cable, and it reduces the impedance of cable.

In second example, each phase conductor comprises two-layer superconduction tape in cable.First group of tape comprises the have spacing direction layer of " Z " in each phase conductor.Second group of tape also comprises single layer in each phase conductor, but has spacing direction " S ".This have cause every mutually in the advantage of more equal CURRENT DISTRIBUTION between two groups.

In a particular embodiment, at least one electric phase conductor has last group superconduction tape or line, and this last group has and first group of opposite spacing direction.This have cause this mutually in the advantage of more equal CURRENT DISTRIBUTION between two groups.

In a particular embodiment, each electric conductor comprises two-layer superconduction tape or line in two-phase DC cable.Spacing direction is SZ-SZ in proper order.This is formed on the advantage that the uniform current between each layer distributes during having at the current surge of DC cable, such as the transient state of fault current or precipitous current ramp.This causes the transient state loss that reduces of DC cable and the thermal stability of raising.

In a particular embodiment, each electric conductor comprises two superconducting layers in three-phase triax AC cable, and wherein spacing direction is SZ-SZ-SZ in proper order.This has the advantage that reduces AC loss in the cable by the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of improvement between different superconducting layers.

Overcurrent protection

In network under the situation of short circuit, the very large electric current of a plurality of kA can appear in electrical network reaching.If the superconductor in the superconducting power cable faces so big electric current that significantly surpasses its critical current, thus then in cable the in fact harmless conveying of superconducting characteristic and electric current will be lost.All (or most of) such electric current must be carried in remaining cross section metal of quite little (much smaller compared with the cross section in the cable of routine) of power cable now.So, can take place to generate heat rapidly, might cause damaging.

There is several method to tackle this problem.A kind of method is only to increase the normal conductor cross section.This can by be increased in itself be in the superconduction tape of a complex normal conductor to the ratio of superconduction.Yet this need revise the tape design, and this is not easy and possible or is not desirable owing to a variety of causes.Another solution for problem is that extra normal conductor (generally being copper) is added to cable, is used for losing carries current under the situation of superconducting characteristic at superconductor.Yet the aspect of difficulty is to be positioned so that cable current flows almost losslessly in normal working conditions to copper in superconductor, and electric current must forward in the normal conductor under overload condition.Simultaneously, the induction loss that causes owing to the eddy current in normal conductor must be minimized.A solution is for example by the normal conductor with copper braid form being placed in the center of single-phase superconducting power cable.In normal working conditions, electric current flows in superconductor, and this is because its lower resistance and lower inductance.In the overcurrent incident, the resistance in superconductor increases consumingly, thereby electric current forwards in the copper braid.Yet, in the present invention in the multiple phase super conductive cable of Miao Shuing because its geometry, this solution for all be impossible mutually.Is the copper center that is placed in possible mutually for the center only, and for other phase, extra normal conductor must be arranged by they voltage levels separately.

In the present invention, the extra layer that comprises normal conductor (or extra superconductor) can be added to each phase of polyphase electric power cable, to be used for overcurrent protection., and in other layer (generally comprising normal conductor), do not flow so that electric current flows in some layer (comprising superconductor) in normal working conditions by twine all layers by specific pattern, thereby make electric current Be Controlled in these layers.Carry out the winding of layer by specific pattern, self-induction of these layers of may command and mutual inductance and their resistance, thus make the induced current in not needing the layer of electric current himself to offset zero, or will himself be reduced to acceptable numerical value.Except balance tangential component and axial component, making local magnetic field minimize also is possible income.Under the situation of overcurrent, the resistance that increases in superconductor makes electric current forward normal conductive layer to.

Task is the layer CURRENT DISTRIBUTION that will design at the multi-phase cable that comprises the extra normal conductor layer (generally being copper or aluminium) that is used for overcurrent protection.When operate as normal, electric current as much as possible will flow in comprising each layer of superconductor, and in short circuit event, electric current will be sent in the normal conductor copper layer.

Under the situation of three-phase AC cable, design principle can be summarized as follows:

The inner influence that is subjected to mutually by axially (but not tangential) field of centre phase and the outside accumulation that produces mutually.If there is not such axial field, then outside is minimum with the centre with respect to inner influence mutually mutually.On the other hand, the outside influence that will only be subjected to mutually by centre phase and the inner tangential field that produces mutually.The centre is subjected to the influence from the tangential field of inner phase mutually, and also might be subjected to the influence from the axial field of external field.

If comprise that the electric current of superconductor carries that layer has the winding spacing that approximately equates but winding direction is opposite, then an axial field that produces mutually can be minimized.Its final result is, do not have or have only very little axial magnetic field in the center, can settle the normal conductive layer that is used for inner phase there.This causes not having induced current in these innermost copper layers, no matter in fact how many their winding spacings (and cross section) is.Can carry out analogy for exterior layer--(for 3 phase currents of balance) under such situation except it are zero or approaching zero tangential field, allow to settle normal layer there to be used for the outside phase.In middle phase S, only the electric current by allowing to shield fully (respectively phase T or R being departed from 180 degree) with each mutually each electric current of direct neighbor carry in the layer and flow, so that produce a space that does not have the field or approach not have the field at the middle part of phase S, thereby can produce zero or little magnetic field in the center of this space phase S.Yet this needs the amount of the superconductor that increases in phase S, and it is up to the twice of normal phase ampacity.

Also might find a solution, wherein normal conductive layer is positioned in the position in magnetic field, but the voltage of being responded to there is balanced, thereby makes very little electric current flow in normal conductive layer.In so balanced solution, in some layer, produce very little electric current, even they comprise superconductor (R=0).Found such solution.In this solution, as shown in Figure 3, two normal conductive layers of S phase (item 213 ') are positioned in the within and without of two superconducting layers (item 213) respectively.Normal conductive layer in the centre in mutually be exposed to the little axial field that produces from phase R with from electric current and tangential field value generation among S and T mutually.Therefore the phase difference of two fields is 180 degree, and therefore only is-symbol is opposite.The normal conduction internal layer of phase S be exposed to from the tangential field of phase T with from the axial field of the combination of S and R mutually.Again, the phase difference of these two fields is 180 degree.In order to reach the magnitude of current minimum in normal conductor, their winding spacing must be that the voltage that feasible voltage of being inducted by tangential field is inducted by axial field is compensated.Because by the preferable bucking voltage that axial field and tangential field are inducted, the short spacing in normal conductive layer causes less current in the normal conductive layer in center.

Preferred embodiment comprises:

For normal and superconducting layer, every phase even number layer.

For outside phase, normal conductive layer is placed in outermost.

For inner phase, normal conductive layer is placed in the inside.

Each side (within and without) of phase in the middle of normal conductive layer is placed in.

Mutually with mutually outside, superconduction and normal layer interweave for inside.

All electric currents in mutually carry layer+-each electric current in mutually of pattern simultaneous carries the gap length about equally (low axial field) of layer.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the protection conducting bridge material layer heat of at least one electric conductor and the form that for example has the tape that comprises Cu or Al or line and/or electrically contact.This has the advantage that is easy to the comprehensive fault current rated value of being scheduled in cable/conductor design.

In a particular embodiment, the conducting bridge material is arranged to be dispersed at least one layer of superconduction tape, this conducting bridge material and semiconductive gasket material and/or with superconduction tape heat with electrically contact.This production of providing and material flexibility is provided, allows form adaption function and protection superconductor to avoid the advantage of fault current influence.In a particular embodiment, the conducting bridge material be arranged at separated one or several layer of superconduction strap layer in, this conducting bridge material and semiconductive gasket material and/or with superconduction tape heat with electrically contact.This has makes the possible eddy current minimized advantage that dissipates.Contract in the shape of the tape of shunt layer or the shunt layer (ride-ups) have only less influence for the HTS layer thus, and vice versa.And it provides thermal inertia under the situation of fault current power dissipation.

In a particular embodiment, at least one electric conductor is with the semiconductive material warm that for example has the cushioning strip strips with electrically contact.This has the thermal inertia of providing so that absorb the advantage of dissipation power under the situation of fault current.

In a particular embodiment; arrange superconduction tape or line and described conducting bridge tape or line with such order and such spacing angle: making can be by optimizing superconduction tape or the number of line and the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the superconducting layer; and minimize by the nominal current that makes in the conducting bridge layer part; simultaneously the conducting bridge arrangement layer is become to play the shunt of protectiveness under the situation of fault current, thereby be given in the low electrical loss under alternating current or the transient current.This has needing to avoid custom-designed advantage with HTS tape of comprehensive shunt protection.Provide and selected material and production and be suitable for more flexibility aspect the ability of customer requirement.

Mechanical consolidation

In a particular embodiment, at least one electric conductor is reinforced by the mechanical strengthening part that comprises steel alloy, bronze, brass alloys, carbon fiber base member or polyimides base member.The advantage that this has the robustness that improves conductor not too needs thus to remind and handles with care.And cable can be drawn in the pipeline of long length.

Medium

Solid dielectric

In a particular embodiment, between the electric conductor and the electric insulation between electric conductor and electric screen make by polymer, they for example are PPLP, PE, acrylic acid, paper, comprising by extrusion process or by using the synthetic paper of banded structure.

In a particular embodiment, electrical insulator and/or electric conductor are by being combined such as fiber or tape mechanical consolidation device.

Thickness

The thickness of insulation is (under the situation of ribbon, be the thickness and the number of ribbon), the selection of dielectric fluid and operating pressure is that as required insulation characterisitic (the basic insulation rank BIL that tests by means of pulse voltage, the nominal voltage of testing by means of direct voltage or alternating voltage in time) is selected.

Medium fluid

In a particular embodiment, electric insulation comprises stressed and element of fluid electric insulation, such as liquid nitrogen, and nitrogen, helium, neon, hydrogen, oxygen or their combination.Compare with vacuum or low-pressure gas, this has the dielectric strength that provides high and thereby the advantage of the thermal conductivity of compact electrical insulation system and increase.

Pressure membrane/force pipe

In a particular embodiment, electrical insulation fluids is separated with the cooling fluid that circulates in the thermal insulation of surrounding cable.This has makes and might keep dielectric fluid/gas and/or pressure, the advantage of the difference of temperature and flow.Might keep thus insulation impregnating clean/pure, and have the cooling agent that has lower degree of purity simultaneously.In some publication, suggestion is with but hydrogen-cooled, so that use the hydrogen of carrying as the fuel that disposes, in this case, keeping nitrogen or helium still is wise as the insulation impregnating agent.

In a particular embodiment, dielectric fluid is separated by pressure membrane and cooling medium, and pressure membrane stops that the cooling medium enter electric insulation.This pressure membrane can be impervious pressure vessel of being made by metal or artificial material, or it can be the non-permeable formation in the cable, for example is exposed to the layer of one or several liner tape in the cable internal pressure that is higher than external pressure.As an example, dielectric fluid can be pure N ₂, or pure He, and cooling fluid is He gas or the local liquid air of introducing or the solid/liquid mixture that comprises the composition with for example relatively large thermal capacity.

In a particular embodiment, the core of cable entirely or partly is used for transmitting the internal over pressure of electrical insulation fluids.In other words, the core of cable is not used for carrying cooling fluid.This has the advantage that prevents the overvoltage of cryogenic thermostat device.

In a particular embodiment, electrical insulation fluids is equal to cooling fluid.In one embodiment, electrical insulation fluids and cooling fluid are maintained at similar pressure (liquid N for example ₂Pressure) under.In a particular embodiment, common electrical insulation fluids and cooling fluid have the purity (comparing with the situation of two fluids that separate) of increase, and conduction or medium thus pollution is minimized.

The skeleton of sealing

In a particular embodiment, the cooling volume that is positioned at the center is closed in each end, to form a heat-storage storehouse.This only has the advantage that needs be concerned about purity (classification once) minimumly, because there is not the exterior material exchange with the volume of this sealing.Additional advantage is the local level and smooth of the temperature gradient that caused by little axial convection current.

Electric screen

Al, Cu or SC

In a particular embodiment, common electrical shielding comprises Cu, the conductor of Al or other routine or the combination of superconductor or described material.This has the advantage that is provided at the flexibility of selecting material and production aspect.

Mechanical consolidation

In a particular embodiment, electric screen comprises Cu or Al, randomly comprise semiconductive material and/or superconductor and/or high-strength mechanical reinforcement material, for example have the form of steel grade, nickel grade, bronze, brass alloys, carbon or fragrant human relations (keval) fiber or high-strength complex crossed belt bar.This have provide stronger reinforcing, more robust cable with to carrying not too responsive with provide the relative conductor segmentation of growing can be pulled advantage by the possibility of cryogenic thermostat device/pipeline.

Low friction layer

In a particular embodiment, electric screen is equipped with low friction means.In one embodiment, for example, every n tape/line of electric screen is equipped with low friction coat or can be substituted that [like this, low-friction material is (for example, from the Teflon of DuPont by the low friction bar of the yardstick bigger than this conductive strip/line [thickness/radially] ^TM, polypropylene, nylon, or polyethylene) seal with heat have internal physical and contact].This has and is easy to cable is incorporated into the advantage that heat is sealed.

In a particular embodiment, electric screen has coat or one or several coated layer that separates of low-friction material, thereby is easy to ' cable ' is incorporated into that heat is sealed and the weight that do not increase cable system significantly.Low-friction material is made by the wide tape with big hot strength.Each tape comprises several thread parts, like this, and the fracture of thread parts or the damaged fracture that can not cause whole tape.The low friction bar can by the braiding nylon or polypropylene or poly-acetic acid esters (polyacetate), make by the braid of a plurality of Teflon multi cords or by these mixtures of material.The number of low friction bar is lower than the number of the conductive unit in the shielding, and for example 4,3 or 2 or 1.In one embodiment, low friction bar or layer have the inner surface sealed for heat, the coefficient of friction less than 0.25, the coefficient of friction of scope such as from 0.14 to 0.22.

Make the method for the single-phase or multi-phase cable system of superconduction

Single-phase or heterogeneous

The objective of the invention is that superconduction method single-phase or multi-phase cable system reaches by making, method may further comprise the steps:

A) provide and have at least one electricity mutually and at least two electric conductors of the form of a zero or neutral conductor,

B) the described electric conductor of regulation is mutual electric insulation,

C) provide the thermal insulation of surrounding electric conductor, center longitudinal axis of described tubulose thermal insulation regulation,

D) the heat-insulating inner surface of the described tubulose of regulation forms the radially restriction of cooling chamber, and this cooling chamber is used to preserve the cooling fluid that is used to cool off described electric conductor, and

Stipulate described at least one electricity mutually and a zero or neutral conductor arrange to eccentric shaft ground with respect to described central longitudinal.This method has the advantage identical with above-mentioned cable system.

In one embodiment, the heat-insulating inner surface of tubulose is flexible and with respect to heat-insulating outer surface movably.

In one embodiment, provide a multi-phase cable system, like this, provide in step a) to have at least two electricity mutually and at least three electric conductors of the form of a zero or neutral conductor.In one embodiment, provide in step a) and have at least three electricity mutually and four electric conductors of the form of a zero or neutral conductor.

The degree of eccentricity and thermal contraction

In a particular embodiment, this method is further comprising the steps of:

E) by the conductor that is caused by the degree of eccentricity being crossed length and built-in part radially adopts axial shrinkage combined, provide solution for the difference of the thermal contraction between cryogenic thermostat device and the conductor.

In one embodiment, the off-centre arrangement of cable be suitable for compensating in the cable cooling and the thermal contraction that stands during heating or cause by overcurrent or fault current and expansion (for example, be about ± 0.2-0.3%).

In one embodiment, the off-centre arrangement of cable with radially adopt (1-2%) combined provide in the cable cooling and the thermal contraction that stands during heating or cause by overcurrent or fault current and expansion (for example, be about ± 0.2-0.3%) compensation.

Stretch, cool off, pressurize, pushing

In one embodiment, the step below at least two that provides after cable separately and heat are sealed the unit is provided this method:

S1。Tensile stress is applied to heat seals, thus on its longitudinal direction its stretching 0.05-0.5%;

S2。Cable is cooled to the temperature of cooling fluid, makes cable shrinkage 0.05-0.5% thus;

S3。The inside that heat is sealed is pressurized to the overvoltage that 0.5-40 clings to, and makes cryogenic thermostat device inwall extend thus;

S4。Force heat be encapsulated in along on its length such as per 1.5 meters, or per 3 meters, or wriggle on per 10 meters a plurality of positions or crooked;

S5。The power of using 1-10kN is pressed to cable during heat seals;

S6。Cable end piece is fixed to the end that heat is sealed;

S7。Seal the pressure of release subsequently from heat;

S8。Be released in the tensile stress that heat is sealed subsequently;

S9。Allow cable to heat subsequently, cable extends at its longitudinal direction thus;

S10。Stop cable being pressed in heat seals.

By any combination of these treatment steps or two or more cited treatment step, make cable in heat is sealed in a plurality of knees such as along the sinusoid curve or with the form of helix curve rise and fall (wriggle, crooked back and forth periodically).By being pressed into conductor, depend on rigidity/pliability, and be subjected to the restriction of cryogenic thermostat device inwall and cryogenic thermostat device inwall that this will accumulate the mistake length of conductor with respect to the cryogenic thermostat device length with respect to the mobility of cryogenic thermostat device outer wall.According to material/conductor characteristics, the number of bending/complications can on average be become a definite number in the per unit length, and for example 1000 every kilometer, 700 every kilometer, 500 every kilometer, or 300 every kilometer.And it is spiral-shaped that these complications can be controlled to be suitable for of running through cryogenic thermostat device space, if affix distortion a little when pushing in processing procedure.

In one embodiment, the method comprising the steps of S1, S6, S8.This has such advantage/effect: guarantee that cable not only is forced to wriggle in the restriction range of cryogenic thermostat device inwall, and utilize such fact: cable also can be forced cryogenic thermostat device inside to be wriggled and/or adopt the longest possible or sufficiently long path, so that the thermal contraction that allows compensation to expect.

In one embodiment, the method comprising the steps of S2, S6, S8.This has such advantage/effect: guarantee that cable not only is forced to wriggle in the restriction range of cryogenic thermostat device inwall, and utilize such fact: cable additionally can also be forced cryogenic thermostat device inside to be wriggled and/or adopt the longest possible or sufficiently long path, so that the thermal contraction that allows compensation to expect.

In one embodiment, cable with respect to heat-insulating inner surface (that is, cryogenic thermostat device inwall) the degree of eccentricity is arranged in from 1% to 20% the scope, such as, from 5% to 15%.In one embodiment, cable with respect to heat-insulating outer surface (that is, cryogenic thermostat device outer wall) the degree of eccentricity is arranged in from 1% to 50% the scope, such as, from 10% to 45%, from 20% to 30%.

Make dividually

In one embodiment, the cooling duct or the chamber (being called as cable) of electric conductor, mutual electric insulation and possible centre are arranged to make--randomly concurrently--dividually with thermal insulation.These two parts with cable system can be in different places and/or in identical or different time points and/or the advantage made by different distributors.The time of carrying out and cost of investment have been reduced to the cable conductor assembly with to the parallel processing of cryogenic thermostat device.

In one embodiment, cable and tubulose thermal insulation are assembled in a manufacturing step that separates.The transportation that separates to conductor assembly and cryogenic thermostat device allows the cable conductor assembly is made longer element length, for example be longer than or equal 500 meters, or such as being longer than or equaling 1000 meters, or, in cable system, only need less segmentation thus such as being longer than or equaling 2000 meters.This reduces cost and improves the reliability of cable system.

The standardized module parts

In addition, one of parts (for example, the tubulose thermal insulation) can be standardized modular units, and other parts are parts of customization.

In a particular embodiment, thermal insulation is provided in the standardization length segment such as 3 meters or 6 meters or 12 meters or 20 meters or 50 meters or 100 meters or 200 meters.In one embodiment, heat-insulating element length is different from the element length of cable, and is for example littler.In one embodiment, cable and thermal insulation are L by length respectively _CabAnd L _TEThe segmentation manufacturing that separates, L wherein _CabGreater than L _TEIn one embodiment, an element length of heat-insulating two or more standardized length and cable is assembled.This has the advantage of flexible solution of the manufacture process of standardization that the basic element of character that utilizes cable system is provided or half standardized production.It also opens up the chance of competitive bidding parts or whole system for colony of distributors.In one embodiment, L _CabBe substantially equal to n * L _TE, wherein n is greater than 1, such as greater than 2, such as greater than 4, such as greater than 7, such as greater than 10, such as greater than 100.

In a particular embodiment, thermal insulation is provided as the segmentation of straight line and bending rigidity soft, rigidity, or partially rigid and the soft segmentation of part.This has raising for customer requirement with for the flexibility of heat-insulating distributors with the advantage of the independence of conductor design is provided on certain degree.

The use of superconductive multi-phase cable system

The present invention also provide aforesaid and as limit in the claims or by aforesaid and as the use of the superconductive multi-phase cable system made of the method for regulation in the claims.Guaranteeing thus provides than the compacter cable system lower with cost that may occur under other situations to the user.The raising of reliability derives from the ability that adapts to a plurality of thermal cycles and overcurrent incident.The raising of flexibility derives from the ability that system is transformed into the DC operation from AC.

In a particular embodiment, multi-phase cable system is used as the DC cable system.This has feasible [+,-, 0] structure and can have together and its public neutral advantage mutually of adjacent AC system with the converter station.

In a particular embodiment, phase structure is [+,-, 0].This advantage that has is: ground connection and 0 has very little potential difference, thereby improves fail safe.

In a particular embodiment, phase structure is [+,-, neutral phase, 0].This has 0 advantage that can be grounded.

In a particular embodiment, multi-phase cable system is used as the AC cable system.This has and reduces weight, easily and all benefits of production flexibly, compactedness, minimum material cost or the like.

In a particular embodiment, multi-phase cable system can be used as the triax AC cable that has such as such phase structure such as [R, S, T] or [S, R, T].

In a particular embodiment, multi-phase cable system can be used as AC cable system or DC cable system, does any change in all cable design and not be used in.This has reasonable production,, need not change the advantage of any parameter for two parts of different orders that is.This also has after the superconduct line of force is installed, and allows to carry out the advantage of AC to the switching of DC by power system operation person.

In a particular embodiment, multi-phase cable system is used for transmitting electricity by AC and DC simultaneously, and by using AC/DC converter and transformer that two frequencies are separated at the end of electric power system.This has after the superconduct line of force is installed, the advantage of being come neatly and being used economically by power system operation person.

Other purpose of the present invention be by in the dependent claims and the embodiment that in detailed description of the present invention, stipulates reach.

Should point out emphatically, term " comprises " existence of the characteristic, integral body, step or the parts that are meant that regulation is set forth in the present technique specification when being used, but does not get rid of the existence or the interpolation of one or more other characteristics, integral body, step, parts or their group.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with embodiment with reference to accompanying drawing the present invention is described more fully, on the figure:

Fig. 1 show by [+,-, 0, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax DC cable system of the present invention,

Fig. 2 show by [, 0 ,+, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax DC cable system of the present invention,

Fig. 3 shows the detailed sectional view of each layer of the cable of the triax DC cable system be used for Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 show by [R, T, S, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax AC cable system of the present invention,

Fig. 5 show by [R, S, T, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax AC cable system of the present invention,

Fig. 6 shows the detailed sectional view of each layer of the cable of the triax AC cable system be used for Fig. 5,

Fig. 7 schematically shows the perspective view according to cable system of the present invention, and wherein cable longitudinal direction along cable system in heat is sealed wriggles,

Fig. 8 shows that Fig. 8 a is 3 phase structures with concentric arrangement of public electric screen according to fluid cooling high-voltage cable of the present invention system, and Fig. 8 b is 3 phase structures of arranging side by side with public electric screen,

Fig. 9 shows the method according to manufacturing cable system of the present invention, and Fig. 9 a-9c is respectively the sectional view of the cable system of thermal insulation, cable and assembling,

Figure 10 shows that schematically heat is sealed or the sectional view of cryogenic thermostat device, and Figure 10 A show cross section plane and Figure 10 B show the longitudinal section, and wherein cryogenic thermostat device inwall is crooked, expression situation during installation, and

Figure 11 schematically shows the treatment step of a plurality of parts that heat that one of the cable conductor assembly long length is incorporated into telotism is sealed.Additional length be by the cooling cable conductor, by draw end that heat seals, by cable conductor being pushed heat is sealed and obtaining by on cryogenic thermostat device inwall, exerting pressure.

For clarity, accompanying drawing be signal and be carried out simplification, they only show that for understanding the present invention be important details, and other details is omitted.Usually, identical label is used in identical or corresponding parts, except going up the relevant numeral formerly of the figure number that shows the characteristic of being discussed with it (for example, hot or deep cooling is encapsulated in and is called as 116 on Fig. 1, is called as 216 on Fig. 2, or the like).

Be used to realize mode of the present invention

Example 1:DC cable

The preferred embodiment of triax DC cable system is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Fig. 1 show by [+,-, 0, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax DC cable system of the present invention, and Fig. 2 show by [, 0 ,+, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax DC cable system of the present invention.Fig. 3 shows the detailed sectional view of each layer of the cable of the triax DC cable system be used for Fig. 2.

On behalf of similar cable, two examples make up, but have the electrode differently arranged+,-, 0, add shielding.Another possible structure be have only+, 0, the shielding or+,-, with the combined shielding of neutral point.Another combination can be envisioned for have in addition more be with different dc voltages (for example, ± 10kV, ± 20kV, ± 30kV ... 0) the utmost point (pole) and the shielding.

In shown embodiment, the outer cross section diameter (d in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of cable _Cab) be 70mm (2.75 "), and the inner section diameter d sealed of heat or deep cooling _CeBe 100mm (3.9 ").The mutual relative scalar of drawing sectional view not in scale.

Below with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 quote respectively the label " 1xy from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; 2xy " (1xy is meant the details on Fig. 1, and 2xy is meant the details that is equal on Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 is the detailed view of the parts of Fig. 2, therefore comprises label 2xy).Cable system 100; 200 comprise and are set at deep cooling and seal 116; Multipole or multi-phase cable 101 in 216; 201.Complete cable system 100; 200 comprise skeleton 111; 211, electric insulation 112; 212, electric power carries layer 113; 213, neutral line 114; 214, shielding 115; 215, deep cooling seals 116; 216, cooling agent 117; 217, Ren Xuan hole (void) or filter 118; 218, Ren Xuan diagnostic device 119; 219.

Skeleton

Skeleton 111; 211 can be singly kind material or for example metal (such as stainless steel), or the combination of polymer, but is not limited thereto.Skeleton can be shaped as helix tube, interlocking structure, smooth tubes, bellows, but is not limited to these shapes.Skeleton also can be by making up different numbers above-mentioned material or the layer of structure be fabricated.

Electric insulation

Electric insulation 112; 212 are positioned at the conductive layer of being arranged with one heart 113; 213,114; 214 and 115; Between 215, they can be by the insulant of stripe-shaped (Cryoflex for example ^TMOr paper) be wound in the insulation (for example, Zhe Die PPLP) of layering and for example by with impregnating agent (LN for example ₂(liquid nitrogen)) further flood these insulants and realize.Alternatively, insulation can be implemented by the extrusion process that forms solid insulation.Alternatively, can use the vacuum insulation between each independent electric conductor to replace a insulating barrier with certain thickness.On the detailed view of Fig. 3, electric insulation layer 212 is shown as and randomly also comprises layer 212 '.Each electric insulation layer 212 (being expressed as ' c ' on Fig. 3) advantageously joins with voltage side and ground connection side by the semi-conductive layer 212 ' of a smoothing.This layer for example can comprise, but is not limited to semiconductive Nomex ^TM(occuping DuPont's), for example Nomex that loads with carbon ^TM, or the semiconductor layer of nylon or extrusion molding.

Superconductor

Electric power carries layer 113; 213 typically comprise HTS tape or line (BSCCO (for example (Bi, Pb) ₂Sr ₂Ca ₂Cu ₃O _x(Bi-2223)), YBCO (yttrium barium copper thing, for example Yba ₂Cu ₃O ₇), or other high-temperature superconductor).In the present context, HTS representative " high-temperature superconductor " and expression have the superconductor greater than the transition temperature of 30K.Under many situations, advantageously, the HTS layer carries out electric protection with shunt, and this shunt can be made by Cu or Al, but is not limited to these materials.This is shown in the detail view of Fig. 3, and wherein the electric power that is represented as at (1) HTS material of Ren Xuan Cu layer 213 ' (being expressed as ' a ' on Fig. 3) carries between layer 213 (being expressed as ' b ' on Fig. 3) and (2) electric insulation layer 212 (being expressed as ' c ' on Fig. 3) and/or the skeleton 211.Now, the cross section of HTS tape is 0.25mm * 4mm (t * w).With the HTS tape irrespectively, shunt Cu tape has similar yardstick.The shape and the yardstick of HTS tape and shunt Cu tape are not limited to given numeral.Be used to protect the optional Cu layer 213 ' of superconductor opposing fault current also to have the function of mechanical consolidation.The HTS layer can be by using for example U.S.'s superconduction tape (I _c=120A) (MA 01581 for AMSC, Westborough, USA) or from EAS (European AdvancedSuperconductors Gmbh ﹠amp; Co.KG, Hanau, Germany), InnoST (Innova semiconductor technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China), or the tape of the similar characteristic of SumitomoElectric Industries Co. (SEI, Japan), in two layers, for example apply altogether 60 tapes and be fabricated.This tape number provides the layer I of about 7kA altogether _c, this is corresponding to the I of about 5kA (rms) _c(rms).

Neutral phase

Neutral conductor 114; 214 can realize by HTS tape/line, but can be more economically be made by Cu or Al tape and line, but are not limited to these materials.Total cross section of shunt can be suitable for the local requirement to fault-current protection.The load current of peak current that example can be 50kA and the 20kA rms of lasting 0.25s.Enough protections are to have for example about 60-100mm of Cu ²The shunt cross section.

Shielding/ground connection

Shielding 115; 215 randomly provide different functions, such as electric screen, and electric neutrality, electrical ground, mechanical consolidation, fault-current protection and reduce the measure of the flow resistance of cooling agent.

Shielding 115; 215 by using HTS tape/line to realize, but realized by Cu or Al more economically, but be not limited to these materials.Shielding is used as for people's protection and randomly can ground connection.Shielding also can be processed to be used as the size of standby shunt in the incident of " phase " and ground short circuit.

Heat is sealed

Deep cooling seals 116; 216 can be built as by for example Cryotherm Gmbh﹠amp; Co.KG (Kirchen, Germany) Gong Ying rigid element, or by for example Nexans DeutschlandIndustries Gmbh﹠amp; Co.KG (Kabelkamp, Hannover, Germany) Gong Ying flexible portion, yet, be not limited to these suppliers or structure.The embodiment that heat is sealed also can be based on PU expanded material (poly-urethane) or the aerogel material under the ambient pressure or under parital vacuum.

Cooling agent and fluid media (medium)

Cooling agent 117; 217 in present embodiment LN typically ₂, but be not limited thereto.It can be any reagent or the gas of viscosity under cryogenic temperature, for example liquid helium, nitrogen, neon, hydrogen, oxygen or their combination.

Cable 101; 201 core 118; 218 (that is, tubular armature 111; 211 inside) be open to the different scopes of application.It can fill the filler that is used to reinforce and strengthen the function of conductor and electric insulation only to have.It can remain empty, so that fill with cooling agent, and then can be pressurized via the center.Filler for example can be the LN of polymer or supercharging ₂Another possible use is to have parallel cooling duct, and it can be affixed to the pump/cooling length of an increase.In addition, can be at internal equipment diagnostic device 119; 219.

Diagnostic device

Diagnostic device 119; 219 have for example form of the diagnosis cable of fiber type, are used to monitor along the length of cable system or the temperature of partial-length (for example, measuring based on the backward scattered distributed temperature of light).Another possible option is the discrete sensor that equidistant (but being not limited to equidistant) is set, and is used for monitor temperature, pressure and/or stream or the like.

Protective layer

The exterior layer 120 of protectiveness and possible mechanical consolidation; 220 can utilize low-friction surface to implement, to be convenient to introducing conductor in deep cooling is sealed, if conductor (as being possible under present situation) is to seal irrespectively with deep cooling to produce.

Example 2:AC cable

The preferred embodiment of three-phase AC cable system is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.Fig. 4 show by [R, T, S, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax AC cable system of the present invention.Fig. 5 show by [R, S, T, shielding] structure, according to the sectional view of triax AC cable system of the present invention.The detailed sectional view of each layer of the cable of the triax AC cable system of Fig. 6 displayed map 5.

Below with reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, and Fig. 6 quote respectively the label " 4xy from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; 5xy " (4xy is meant the details on Fig. 4, and 5xy is meant the details that is equal on Fig. 5, and Fig. 6 is the detailed view of the parts of Fig. 5, and therefore comprises label 5xy).

On behalf of similar cable, two examples of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 make up, but has the phase R that is differently replaced respectively, S, T and R, T, S.

Cable 401; 501 comprise and are set at deep cooling and seal 416; Multipole or heterogeneous conductor in 516.Complete cable system 400; 500 comprise skeleton 411; 511, electric insulation 412; 512, electric power carries layer 413; 513, randomly with the combined shielding 415 of neutral line; 515, deep cooling seals 416; 516, cooling agent 417; 517, hole or filter 418; 518, diagnostic device 419; 519.

The feature 4xy of AC cable system embodiment, 5xy is corresponding to the similar feature 1xy of the DC cable system embodiment that describes in example 1,2xy.With the identical characteristic of describing for the unit of DC cable system in example 1 also is correct (for example, the characteristic of the skeleton 111,211 of DC cable system is equal to the characteristic of the skeleton 411,511 of AC cable system) for the units corresponding of AC cable system usually.Basically, this is one of favourable feature of heterogeneous notion, and it can be done any change in design and be used in AC and DC.

Medium

Electric insulation 412; 512 can be by the insulant of stripe-shaped (Cryoflex for example ^TM) be wound in the insulation of layering and by with cooling agent (LN for example ₂, or randomly use other reagent) flood these insulants and be implemented.And insulation can be implemented by the extrusion process that forms solid insulation.On the detailed view of Fig. 6, electric insulation layer 512 (being expressed as ' c ' on Fig. 6) preferably joins with voltage side and ground connection side by the semi-conductive layer 512 ' of a smoothing.This layer for example can comprise semiconductive Nomex ^TMOr nylon or metallized Cryoflex ^TM, or the semiconductor layer of extrusion molding.

Overcurrent protection

On the detailed view of Fig. 6, the electric power that optional Cu layer 513 ' (being expressed as ' a ' on Fig. 6) is indicated on (1) HTS material carries between layer 513 (being expressed as ' b ' on Fig. 6) and (2) electric insulation layer 512 (being expressed as ' c ' on Fig. 6) and/or the skeleton 511.

On the detailed view of Fig. 6, it is combined with an optional shunt layer 513 ' that comprises electric conducting material (form that for example has Cu or Al tape/line) that the electric power of HTS tape/line carries layer/phase 513 (being expressed as ' b ' on Fig. 6).Total cross section of shunt can be suitable for the local requirement for fault-current protection.The load current of peak current that example can be 50kA and the 20kArms of lasting 0.25s.Enough in this example protections are to have for example about 60-100mm of Cu ²The shunt cross section.

The advantage of the embodiment that in example 1 and 2, describes

Described above and at the embodiment that Fig. 1-6 shows, compare with the production of the heterogeneous conductor of tlv triple type with merging the phase conductor that is shaped, have the relative production simplification of round symmetric conductor system and the advantage of flexibility.For example, by the present invention, a complete cable circuit (comprising all system's phase or electrode) can be installed with single mode of traction by betransported and use simple equipment on single reel.The tlv triple system need or be inserted into three cryogenic thermostat devices that separate three single-phase cables, twists together on planetary twisted machine, thereby causes low packing factor on the transportation reel; Or using planetary reeler to install, this is bigger and more expensive compared with common transmission device.The present invention owing to there is not concentric pad, is compacter compared with concentric triax design aspect transportation.

Therefore modularization and flexibility are intrinsic, and interrelate closely with the circle symmetry, produce simple and easy and thereby cost is low all is associated inherently.

Synergy between the cable that is used in AC and DC is possible, need not anyly revise because using same cable, for example, the AC cable with maximum nominal current (corresponding to Ic=7kA) of 5kA (rms) usually is considered to 3 specified phase AC electric currents or the 5-6kA DC cable (greater than √ 2) of 3.5-4kA.This is available, and need not carry out needed in process of production modification.

By such as 1. customer requirements, 2. produce and material aspect, 3. modularization and 4. relates in the field of a plurality of distributors that flexibility is provided, produce and install the possibility that conductor and deep cooling seal and added the flexibility that increases independently and opened up various retrofit application.

At specified AC electric current (promptly, the 70-80% of nominal maximum) down the above-mentioned cable of operation typically cause the electrical loss of about 1-2W/m dissipate (nominal maximum is typically corresponding to measured critical current (as by 1 microvolt/centimetre criterion defined), it under the AC situation quilt divided by √ 2.Yet,, it 20% to be used for security consideration at least, so get its nominal maximum current of 80% in order to consider that machinery worsens and engineering mistake and get a surplus).The loss source is with such fact, and magnetic spontaneous (magnetic self-field) is forced to move through superconductor (so-called hysteresis loss).Yet loss is markedly inferior to the traditional cable that is equal to.In fact, low-loss allow to be used and to be suitable for low-voltage and up to the insulation thickness of medium range voltage.

Compare with traditional Cu or Al cable, the electric power of superconduction triax cable carries ability and improves significantly.

Maximum current (I _c) the DC cable of 7kA typically can be utilized fully loaded Ic, so the rated value of 5-6kA is out of question.The utilization superconductor is more favourable under the DC mode, because this can be looked at as the intrinsic mode of utilization superconductor, that is, in this case, loss is insignificant.For having I _c=7kA and having equals the cable of typical (or even conservative) n value of 10, and common, the electric current of hyperconductive cable can be used power function kI to voltage (I-V) characteristic curve ⁿBe similar to, wherein n numerical value is index (power), and promptly it relates to the steepness that normal condition is transferred in transition.Cable is at specified 6kA (85% real I _c) descend work only to cause the loss of 0.8510 * 0.7=0.13W/m to dissipate.(it is higher, and makes cable more be lower than I for the n value of reality _cDown operation of numerical value), loss just become insignificant with and the size of amplitude better than AC situation, that is, limit pump length is only determined by the thermal losses that pump Hydraulic Power Transmission System and deep cooling are sealed.

Operation has [+,-, 0, shielding] DC of structure and is particularly suitable for transit exchange and uses, and particularly inversion is to AC, because zero/neutrality of DC system can be adopted by the AC system mutually easily.By being connected to one ± U source rather than one+2U, 0 source, easier finishing from DC generation AC.

For AC and DC cable, fault-current protection also is similar.

Fig. 7 schematically shows the perspective view according to cable system of the present invention, and wherein cable longitudinal direction along cable system in heat is sealed wriggles.

It is always eccentric that the setting of sealing the cable 720 in 716 at deep cooling preferably is arranged to make the track (being expressed as " x " on Fig. 7) at center of conductor to seal 716 center with respect to deep cooling, and make this track cause a helical orbit.The helix that cable is sealed with respect to deep cooling along its longitudinal direction guarantees that the extra length that cable is sealed with respect to deep cooling can be used as for the cooling of cable and the thermal compensation of heating.And, to compare with coaxial configuration, the degree of eccentricity provides less flow resistance for flowing coolant.Even under the situation of current imbalance, the degree of eccentricity is not introduced any eddy current yet.Alternatively, cable can be gone up the center of sealing with respect to deep cooling in its some part (for example at its most of length) of length and locatees prejudicially.

Cable 720 for example can be presented as the DC cable 101 and 102 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively, or is presented as the AC cable 401 and 501 of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 respectively.

Manufacture method

Fig. 9 shows the method according to manufacturing cable system of the present invention, and Fig. 9 a-9c is respectively the sectional view of the cable system of thermal insulation, cable and assembling.

Fig. 9 schematically shows by one of advantage of the present invention, make heat seal 916 (Figure 19 a) and the option of cable 901 (Fig. 9 b) with the treatment step that separates in identical or different treatment facilities concurrently or execution sequentially and under the situation of being discussed, heat is sealed with cable group and dressed up cable system 900 (Fig. 9 c) in suitable time and position.Cable is for example sealed and can be made and be transported between one of this producer, third party's assembling or the position (if necessary) that cable wherein will be installed on the spot by the different producers with heat.

In a preferred embodiment, the method for making super-conductive cable system comprises provides the cable of making dividually and heat is sealed and make assembly according to following steps: 1.Apply tensile stress to sealing, thus during inserting cable they 0.05-0.5% that for example stretches; 2.Cable is cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, makes cable longitudinally shrink for example 0.1-0.4% thus; 3.Heat is sealed pressurization 3 crust or 10 crust or 20 crust, so that cryogenic thermostat device inwall is extended; 4. cable is pushed into during heat seals; 5.Force heat to be encapsulated in, wriggle on per 3 meters or the per 10 meters a plurality of positions or crooked such as per 1.5 meters; 6.Cable end piece is fixed on the end that heat is sealed; 7.Discharge the pressure that heat is sealed subsequently; 8.Be released in the tensile stress that heat is sealed subsequently; 9.Allow cable to heat subsequently, cable extends when it heats; 10.Stop subsequently cable is pressed to during heat seals.

Figure 10 illustrates underground heat to seal or the sectional view of cryogenic thermostat device 1016, and Figure 10 A show cross section plane and Figure 10 B show the longitudinal section, and wherein cryogenic thermostat device inwall 1061 is crooked, is illustrated in the situation between aforesaid installation period.

Shown in Figure 10 b, thereby can providing one along the length fluctuating of cryogenic thermostat device, cryogenic thermostat device inwall 1061 crosses length, this crosses length can be in its thermal contraction of system cools compensating during.Yet cryogenic thermostat device outer wall 1062 is " insulation " usually always, and will keep identical length.The fluctuating of cryogenic thermostat device inside is chosen wantonly.It also can comprise such as, the quilt that uses in rigidity cryogenic thermostat device (gauffer) part of cutting sth. askew for example.Should see, the degree of eccentricity of cable obtains with respect to center line 1041 when cable is set in the cryogenic thermostat device, this center line 1041 is cryogenic thermostat device outer wall 1062 length geometric centers on all cross sections along it, typically constitutes straight line basically.The maximum cross-section yardstick D of cryogenic thermostat device outer wall 1062 _CeOn Figure 10, represent, and preferably on its length, be expressed as to example constant (diameter).Yet, might not always this situation.External diameter can change and/or have the form of noncircular cross section along length (for example, on its specific part of length).The maximum d of cryogenic thermostat device inwall _{Ce, max}With minimum d _{Ce, min}Cross section scale represents on Figure 10, and example be expressed as be in respectively vertical end and endways between the center.Yet, might not always this situation.The shape of cryogenic thermostat device inwall can be got and the different form shown in Figure 10 b, such as sinusoid basically or some other fluctuating form more at random of being determined by the length and the length difference of inner wall section and outer wall section, the material of making them, middle heat insulator 1016, ambient temperature or the like.

Figure 11 schematically shows the longitudinal cross-section of cable system 1100, and this cable system comprises greater than the heat of the telotism of the number of cable conductor assembly 1101 numbers seals 1116.These heat are sealed by connector unit 1163 independently, or are joined together by being integrated in the joint 1164 that each heat seals in the part.Figure 11 a shows how cable conductor 1170 is cooled and the path 1142 that presents a shortening thus.Cable conductor assembly 1171 presents long fluctuating path of being described by center line 1140 after fixing endways subsequently and heating.Thereby Figure 11 b describes and to be applied to heat and to seal its pulling force 1172 of length of stretching.At the terminal attached cable end of sealing with respect to heat with after discharging pulling force 1172, heat is sealed shortening, and forces the cable conductor assembly to enter the center path 1140 of fluctuating.Figure 11 c describes the cable conductor end and how to be applied the end that power 1173 pushes into the cryogenic thermostat device, causes one of the cable conductor center line long and the path that rises and falls.An overvoltage 1174 is applied on the cooling duct 1117, causes the length of cryogenic thermostat device inwall 1161 to be extended.This allows cable conductor even longer length is inserted into heat and seals 1116.In the present embodiment, the outer wall 1162 sealed of heat is shown as the influence that still is not applied to the change of inwall basically.

The present invention is limited by the feature of claim independently.Preferred embodiment limits in the dependent claims.Label does not in the claims mean that the scope that limits them.

Shown some preferred embodiment above, but should point out emphatically that the present invention is not limited to this, but can have been embodied by the alternate manner in the theme that in following claim, limits.

Claims (51)

1. cable system that the fluid-cooled superconduction is heterogeneous comprises:

A) cable, it comprises that at least two of formations electricity mutually and at least three electric conductors of a zero or neutral conductor, the mutual electric insulation of described electric conductor, at least some described electric conductors are separated, are arranged with one heart around ground by electric insulation, described zero or neutral conductor form public backflow electric conductor, described cable system comprises around described electricity mutually and described zero or neutral conductor and shield with the common electrical of their electric insulations, and

B) thermal insulation, its regulation center longitudinal axis and have inner surface and surround cable, described heat-insulating described inner surface form the radially restriction to the cooling chamber of a cooling fluid that is kept for cooling off described electric conductor,

Wherein

Described cable--at least on its a part of length-when on cross section, watching perpendicular to described longitudinal axis, be in respect to the position of described central longitudinal to eccentric shaft, and wherein this eccentric position has the function that appropriate cable tightens and/or expands with respect to heat-insulating heat, at this, and Δ _ExBe the average distance that cable tracer arrives the thermal insulation center line, and it is by following mode and vertical thermal contraction ε of cable _LInterrelate:

$\frac{L_p}{2\mathrm{\π}}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{\ϵ}}_L+1)}^2-1}\≤{\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}$

Cable tracer is described in the helix of cryogenic thermostat device the inside, L basically _pIt is the gap length of this helix.

2. according to the cable system of claim 1, wherein all described electric conductors are separated by electric insulation and are arranged with one heart around ground.

3. according to the cable system of claim 1 or 2, wherein said zero or neutral conductor around at least one identical row of feeling at ease of described electricity.

4. according to the cable system of claim 3, the electric conductor of wherein said concentric arrangement surrounds one with respect to the conductor of the described concentric arrangement cooling volume in centralized positioning.

5. according to each the cable system of claim 1-4, the wherein electric number of phases is 3.

6. according to each the cable system of claim 1-5, wherein at least one described electric conductor comprises from comprising for example BSCCO (BiSrCaCuO of the plumbous BSCCO that mixes ₃), YBCO (yttrium barium copper oxide), RE-BCO (rare-earth barium copper oxides), MgB ₂, Nb3Sn, the superconductor of selecting in the material group of Nb3Ti and their combination.

7. according to each the cable system of claim 1-6, wherein said common electrical shielding comprises Cu or Al or superconductor.

8. according to each the cable system of claim 4-7, wherein said cooling volume in centralized positioning at each endcapped to form fill container.

9. according to each the cable system of claim 4-7, wherein said cooling volume in centralized positioning is used as the cooling duct of the cooling fluid that flows therein.

10. according to each the cable system of claim 1-9, wherein said cable has physics with described heat-insulating described inner surface at least and contacts on its a part of length by described longitudinal direction regulation.

11. according to the cable system of claim 10, wherein said cable one by gravity with such as the definite position of mechanical constraint condition crooked and that thermal contraction is such on have physics with described heat-insulating described inner surface and contact.

12. each cable system according to claim 1-11, wherein at least on a part of length of cable, preferably on its most of length, with respect to the degree of eccentricity of the position of the cable of the heat-insulating center of tubulose longitudinal axis greater than 1%, such as greater than 2%, such as greater than 5%, such as greater than 10%, such as greater than 20%, such as greater than 35%.

13. according to each the cable system of claim 1-12, wherein

The center line of cable is to the average distance Δ of thermal insulation center line _ExBy also satisfying following relational expression:

${\mathrm{\Δ}}_{\mathrm{cx}}\≤\frac{R_{\mathrm{bend}}{L}_p^2}{{\left({2\mathrm{\πR}}_{\mathrm{bend}}\right)}^2-L_p^2}$

R wherein _BendBe that wherein cable properties remains on the bending radius of the minimum in its predetermined percentage ranges of determining by crooked test of technical specification.

14. according to each the cable system of claim 6-13, wherein said superconductor presents with the one or more tapes that are twisted into around basal layer or the form of line, so that form superconducting layer.

15. according to the cable system of claim 14, wherein L _pGreater than L _s, L wherein _sIt is the longest stranded gap length of superconducting layer in the cable.

16. according to the cable system of claim 15, wherein L _pBe substantially equal to nL _s, wherein parameter n is the integer greater than 1.

17. each cable system according to claim 1-16, cable conductor assembly moving wherein from an eccentric position to another eccentric position, to cable in cooling and stand during heating or compensate by thermal contraction and expansion that overcurrent or fault current cause.

18. according to each the cable system of claim 1-17, wherein cable comprises the center framework of a form of being made by metal, plastics or synthetic material with helix tube, pipe, bellows or interlocking pipe.

19. according to each the cable system of claim 1-18, the wherein shunt material layer thermo-contact of at least one electric conductor and conduction form, protectiveness that for example has the tape that comprises Cu or Al or line and/or electrically contact.

20. cable system according to claim 19; wherein arrange the shunt tape or the line of described superconduction tape or line and described conduction with such order and such spacing angle; make by optimizing superconduction tape or the number of line and the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the superconducting layer; and minimize by the part nominal current in the shunt layer that makes conduction; thereby be given in electrical loss low under alternating current or the transient current, simultaneously the shunt layer of conduction be arranged to the shunt that plays protectiveness under the situation of fault current.

21. each cable system according to claim 1-20; wherein cable comprises the phase conductor of concentric arrangement; the latter comprises and is positioned to the most close respectively and away from the inside and the outmost phase conductor of the central shaft of cable, wherein innermost phase provides with the normal conductor layer of outmost overcurrent protection mutually by the outside of inboard that is placed in innermost phase conductor respectively and outmost phase conductor.

22. each cable system according to claim 1-21; be suitable for being used as three-phase AC cable system; wherein cable comprises three concentric and phase conductors mutual insulating; be called as inside, centre and outer phase conductor; middle phase conductor is included in a normal conductive layer on each side of distinguishing face inside and outer phase conductor, the overcurrent protection of phase in the middle of being used for.

23. each cable system according to claim 1-22; wherein cable comprises the phase conductor of arranging with one heart; the latter comprises and is positioned to the most close respectively and away from the inside and the outmost phase conductor of the central shaft of cable, wherein innermost phase and outmost overcurrent protection mutually by the superconduction that interweaves and normally conductive layer provide.

24. according to each the cable system of claim 1-23, wherein at least one electric conductor is reinforced by the mechanical strengthening part that comprises steel alloy, carbon fiber matrix component or polyimides matrix component.

25. each cable system according to claim 1-24, wherein said superconductor presents with the form of tape or line, this tape or line are arranged to such order and such spacing angle, so that by the number of optimization superconduction tape and the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION in the superconducting layer, and be given in electrical loss low under alternating current or the transient current, at this, each electric phase conductor comprises the superconduction tape or the line of one or several layer, wherein each mutually in, these layers are organized into one or several group, in each group, have identical spacing direction (being called as " S " or " Z "), and wherein each electricity mutually in all layers in first group with the identical spacing direction of for example " S " by stranded.

26. according to the cable system of claim 25, wherein at least one electric phase conductor has last group superconduction tape or line of the spacing direction of for example " Z " opposite with first group.

27. according to the cable system with two electric phase conductors of claim 25 or 26, wherein each electric phase conductor comprises the tape or the line of two superconducting layers, and spacing direction is SZ-SZ in proper order.

28. according to the cable system with three electric phase conductors of claim 25 or 26, wherein each electric phase conductor comprises two superconducting layers, and spacing direction is SZ-SZ-SZ in proper order.

29. each cable system according to claim 1-28, wherein between the electric conductor and the electric insulation between electric conductor and electric screen make by polymer, this polymer is such as PPLP, PE, acrylic acid or paper are comprising the synthetic paper that becomes by extrusion process or pass through to use banded structure.

30. according to the cable system of claim 29, wherein comprise can stressed electrical insulation fluids for electric insulation, such as liquid nitrogen, and nitrogen, helium, neon, hydrogen, oxygen or their combination.

31. according to the cable system of claim 30, wherein electrical insulation fluids is with separated at the cooling fluid that circulates in the thermal insulation of cable.

32. according to each the cable system of claim 1-31, wherein the core of cable entirely or partly is used for transmitting the internal over pressure of electrical insulation fluids.

33. according to the cable system of claim 30, wherein electrical insulation fluids is equal to cooling fluid.

34. each cable system according to claim 1-33, wherein electric screen comprises Al or Cu, randomly comprise semiconductive material and/or superconductor and/or high-strength mechanical reinforcement material, for example have the form of steel grade, nickel grade, carbon or fragrant human relations (keval) fiber or high-strength complex crossed belt bar.

35. according to each the cable system of claim 1-34, wherein electric screen is equipped with low friction means, with provide the inner surface sealed with heat relevant less than 0.25 coefficient of friction.

36. according to each the cable system of claim 1-35, wherein cable and thermal insulation are manufactured to length L respectively _CabAnd L _TEDivided portion, L wherein _CabGreater than L _TE

37. according to the cable system of claim 36, wherein L _CabBe substantially equal to n * L _TE, wherein n is greater than 1, such as greater than 2, such as greater than 4, such as greater than 7.

38. a method of making the single-phase or multi-phase cable system of superconduction, this method may further comprise the steps:

A) provide and have at least one electricity mutually and at least two electric conductors of the form of a zero or neutral conductor,

B) the described electric conductor of regulation is mutual electric insulation,

C) provide the thermal insulation of surrounding electric conductor, center longitudinal axis of described tubulose thermal insulation regulation,

D) the heat-insulating inner surface of the described tubulose of regulation forms the radially restriction of cooling chamber, and this cooling chamber is used to preserve the cooling fluid that is used to cool off described electric conductor,

And

E) described at least one electricity of regulation mutually and a zero or neutral conductor arranged prejudicially with respect to described center longitudinal axis,

This method also comprises two or more following steps:

S1。On heat is sealed, apply tensile stress, thus during inserting cable they for example 0.05-0.5% that stretches;

S2。Cable is cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, makes cable vertically shrink for example 0.1-0.4%;

S3。Heat sealed be pressurized to 3 crust at least, such as at least to 10 crust, or such as at least to 20 crust, so that cryogenic thermostat device inwall elongation;

S4。Cable is pushed into during heat seals;

S5。By crooked and for example it is fixed to ground by burying, force heat to be encapsulated in such as per 1.5 meters, or per 3 meters, or sinuous or crooked on per 10 meters a plurality of positions.

S6。Cable end piece is fixed on the end that heat is sealed;

S7。Discharge the pressure that heat is sealed subsequently;

S8。Discharge the tensile stress that heat is sealed subsequently;

S9。Allow cable to heat subsequently, cable extends when heating;

S10。Stop subsequently cable is pressed to during heat seals.

Make--randomly concurrently--39. according to the method for claim 38, wherein cable comprises described electric conductor, and makes their mutual electric insulations and described thermal insulation dividually.

40. according to the system of claim 38 or 39, wherein cable and thermal insulation are manufactured to length L respectively _CabAnd L _TEDivided portion, L wherein _CabGreater than L _TE

41. according to the system of claim 40, wherein L _CabBe substantially equal to n * L _TE, wherein n is greater than 1, such as greater than 2, such as greater than 4, such as greater than 7.

42. according to each the method for claim 39-41, wherein said thermal insulation is provided in the standardization length segment such as 3 meters or 6 meters or 12 meters or 20 meters or 50 meters or 100 meters or 200 meters.

43. according to each the method for claim 40-42, the mixture of the segmentation that wherein said thermal insulation is provided as soft, the rigidity straight line and segmentation rigid curved or partially rigid and part are soft.

44. each the method according to claim 38-43 comprises step S1, S6, S8.

45. each the method according to claim 38-44 comprises step S2, S6, S8.

46. according to claim 1-37 each or the use of the superconductive multi-phase cable system made according to each the method for claim 38-45.

47. use as the DC cable system according to claim 46.

48. according to the use of claim 47, wherein phase structure is [+,-, 0].

49. according to the use of claim 47, wherein phase structure is [+,-, neutrality, 0].

50. use as the AC cable system according to claim 46.

51. according to claim 46, side by side as the use of AC and DC cable system.

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