CN109652795A - 一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金 - Google Patents

一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金 Download PDF

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CN109652795A
CN109652795A CN201710948757.7A CN201710948757A CN109652795A CN 109652795 A CN109652795 A CN 109652795A CN 201710948757 A CN201710948757 A CN 201710948757A CN 109652795 A CN109652795 A CN 109652795A
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杨晶
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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Abstract

为了改善WC‑Ni硬质合金的硬度、耐磨性，制备了一种激光熔覆法制备的WC‑Ni基硬质合金。采用以Crl2钢为基体材料、Ni基合金粉末（40%）和WC颗粒（60%）为激光熔覆材料，激光熔覆可以获得熔覆层无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的硬质合金材料，熔覆层与基体之间为良好的冶金结合。高含量的WC相由于密度较大的缘故，出现了沉淀现象。高熔点的WC颗粒有溶解现象，颗粒边缘有小的树枝晶，与基体之间互熔。所制得的激光熔覆法制备的WC‑Ni基硬质合金，其硬度、致密化程度、抗弯强度都得到大幅提升。本发明能够为制备高性能的WC‑Ni基硬质合金提供一种新的生产工艺。

Description

一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种硬质合金材料，尤其涉及一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金。
背景技术
硬质合金具有优良的综合性能，如高强度、高硬度、良好的耐磨性及耐蚀性等，其广泛应用于机械加工、矿山开发、军工、化工、建筑等行业。硬质合金主要由硬质相和粘结相组成，硬质相一般为WC，传统的硬质合金以Co为粘结相。Ni在元素周期表中与Co同族且近邻，两者密度、熔点、原子半径相近，且Ni有着比Co更好的耐磨、耐蚀性能，因此WC-Ni类硬质合金有着重要的研究意义和应用前景。Ni作为一种新型的粘结剂应用到硬质合金时，需在合金中添加耐蚀元素如Cr、Mo等，以进一步强化粘结相，提高合金的耐磨蚀、抗氧化等性能。
激光熔覆是指以不同的添料方式在被熔覆基体表面上放置被选择的涂层材料经激光辐照使之和基体表面一薄层同时熔化，并快速凝固后形成稀释度极低，与基体成冶金结合的表面涂层，显著改善基层表面的耐磨、耐蚀、耐热、抗氧化及电气特性的工艺方法，从而达到表面改性或修复的目的，既满足了对材料表面特定性能的要求，又节约了大量的贵重元素。与堆焊、喷涂、电镀和气相沉积相比，激光熔覆具有稀释度小、组织致密、涂层与基体结合好、适合熔覆材料多、粒度及含量变化大等特点，因此激光熔覆技术应用前景十分广阔。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了改善WC-Ni硬质合金的硬度、耐磨性，设计了一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的制备原料包括：基体材料为Crl2钢，激光熔覆材料为粉末粒度为-140～+320目的Ni基合金粉末（40%）和WC颗粒（60%）。
激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的制备步骤为：依据实验设计方案对基体材料进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆装置为Tumphf 6000 CO2激光器，送粉方式为侧向同步送粉，激光熔覆过程为：光束经过焦距为270mm的积分镜整形，将圆形的激光束展宽后得到近似矩形的光束。
激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的检测步骤为：形貌观察采用LE01450型扫描电境，能谱分析采用X-射线能量分散谱仪，物相分析使用D8型X射线衍射仪，磨损试验在MRH型高速环块磨损试验机上进行，样品质量采用AdventTM万分之一电子天平测量。
所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，激光熔覆可以获得熔覆层无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的硬质合金材料，熔覆层与基体之间为良好的冶金结合。高含量的WC相由于密度较大的缘故，出现了沉淀现象。高熔点的WC颗粒有溶解现象，颗粒边缘有小的树枝晶，与基体之间互熔。
所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，激光熔覆的硬质合金材料具有较高的耐磨性能，与粉末冶金的硬质合金磨损性能相近，磨损性能为硬质合金的0.769倍。从与对磨偶件GCrl5环的摩擦系数来看，激光熔覆试样的摩擦系数与高质量粉末冶金硬质合金数值相当。
本发明的有益效果是：
采用以Crl2钢为基体材料、Ni基合金粉末（40%）和WC颗粒（60%）为激光熔覆材料，经过配料、球磨、干燥、制粒、激光熔覆工艺成功制备了具有优异力学性能的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金。其中，激光熔覆法可以在硬质合金表面生成一层无气孔、裂纹的硬质合金薄膜，这是激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金耐磨性、硬度提升的关键。所制得的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，其硬度、致密化程度、抗弯强度都得到大幅提升。本发明能够为制备高性能的WC-Ni基硬质合金提供一种新的生产工艺。
具体实施方式
实施案例1：
激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的制备原料包括：基体材料为Crl2钢，激光熔覆材料为粉末粒度为-140～+320目的Ni基合金粉末（40%）和WC颗粒（60%）。激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的制备步骤为：依据实验设计方案对基体材料进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆装置为Tumphf 6000 CO2激光器，送粉方式为侧向同步送粉，激光熔覆过程为：光束经过焦距为270mm的积分镜整形，将圆形的激光束展宽后得到近似矩形的光束。激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的检测步骤为：形貌观察采用LE01450型扫描电境，能谱分析采用X-射线能量分散谱仪，物相分析使用D8型X射线衍射仪，磨损试验在MRH型高速环块磨损试验机上进行，样品质量采用AdventTM万分之一电子天平测量。
实施案例2：
优化的熔覆工艺参数：熔覆材料为镍基合金50%+WC70%，送粉速率为24.0g/min，采用焦距为260mm的积分镜，离焦量选择为70～80mm。激光熔覆功率为3000W，扫描线速度为0.5m/min。在激光单道熔覆样件上截取试样，经抛光后王水腐蚀，腐蚀时间为12s。熔覆层无气孔、裂纹等缺陷，熔覆层与基体之间形成了良好的冶金结合。WC与镍基合金密度差别较大， WC颗粒有沉淀现象，造成熔覆层顶部WC颗粒的数量减少。由于工件在使用时表层需要加工，WC颗粒一定程度的沉淀对整体材料性能影响不是很大。熔覆层中不规则白色块状WC弥散分布于合金层中。高熔点的WC颗粒也出现溶解现象，颗粒边缘有小的树枝晶，WC颗粒与镍基合金有互熔和扩散，实现了良好的结合，在使用时不容易脱落。
实施案例3：
WC的体积分数比较高，基本上是块状规则形态，WC颗粒与Co粘结剂之间无互熔和扩散现象，不同于激光熔覆硬质合金材料中的WC形貌。熔覆层中的主要元素是W、Ni、Cr、Fe等。W元素在熔覆层中的质量百分比为58.88%。该涂层组织主要是由γ-Ni、WC、W2C、Ni3B、CrB2等相组成，W2C相的出现说明，WC发生了分解。在熔覆层中没有Ni2W4C等合金碳化物的出现，WC没有被过度稀释。
实施案例4：
在钢铁行业，高速线材辊环的加工对象是各种不同规格的线材，包括GCrl5轴承钢线材。GCrl5轴承钢线材是轧制难度较大的材料，选择GCrl5轴承钢为对磨材料，其油淬温度为820-850℃，回火温度为140-160℃，硬度51HRC。粉末冶金硬质合金材料选用化学成分为80%WC、20%Co的优质辊环材料。磨损试验的条件是：试验力300N，时间30min，无润滑。
实施案例5：
Crl2试样的失重分别是硬质合金试样、激光熔覆试样的55倍和33倍。激光熔覆的硬质合金材料具有较高的耐磨性能，与粉末冶金的硬质合金磨损性能相近，磨损性能为硬质合金的0.759倍。从与对磨偶件GCrl5环的摩擦系数来看，激光熔覆试样的摩擦系数与粉末冶金硬质合金相差不大。在没有润滑情况下的磨损，其磨损类型基本属于粘着磨损，在试样表面有撕裂的痕迹和滑痕。

Claims (4)

1.一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的制备原料包括：基体材料为Crl2钢，激光熔覆材料为粉末粒度为-140～+320目的Ni基合金粉末（40%）和WC颗粒（60%）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，其特征是激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的制备步骤为：依据实验设计方案对基体材料进行激光熔覆，激光熔覆装置为Tumphf 6000 CO2激光器，送粉方式为侧向同步送粉，激光熔覆过程为：光束经过焦距为270mm的积分镜整形，将圆形的激光束展宽后得到近似矩形的光束。
3.根据权利要求1所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，其特征是激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金的检测步骤为：形貌观察采用LE01450型扫描电境，能谱分析采用X-射线能量分散谱仪，物相分析使用D8型X射线衍射仪，磨损试验在MRH型高速环块磨损试验机上进行，样品质量采用AdventTM万分之一电子天平测量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，其特征是所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，激光熔覆可以获得熔覆层无气孔、裂纹等缺陷的硬质合金材料，熔覆层与基体之间为良好的冶金结合，高含量的WC相由于密度较大的缘故，出现了沉淀现象，高熔点的WC颗粒有溶解现象，颗粒边缘有小的树枝晶，与基体之间互熔，所述的激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金，激光熔覆的硬质合金材料具有较高的耐磨性能，与粉末冶金的硬质合金磨损性能相近，磨损性能为硬质合金的0.769倍，从与对磨偶件GCrl5环的摩擦系数来看，激光熔覆试样的摩擦系数与高质量粉末冶金硬质合金数值相当。
CN201710948757.7A 2017-10-12 2017-10-12 一种激光熔覆法制备的WC-Ni基硬质合金 Pending CN109652795A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111575705A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-08-25 内蒙古科技大学 一种碳化钨增强镍基复合涂层的制备方法
CN114959681A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-30 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) 一种高硬度高耐磨涂层及其制备方法
CN115161514A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-10-11 四川轻化工大学 强化轧辊辊面或轧辊孔型的高温耐磨复合冶金强化合金熔覆层及激光熔覆工艺

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111575705A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-08-25 内蒙古科技大学 一种碳化钨增强镍基复合涂层的制备方法
CN114959681A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-30 天津职业技术师范大学(中国职业培训指导教师进修中心) 一种高硬度高耐磨涂层及其制备方法
CN115161514A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-10-11 四川轻化工大学 强化轧辊辊面或轧辊孔型的高温耐磨复合冶金强化合金熔覆层及激光熔覆工艺

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Application publication date: 20190419