CN109649217B - Control method of electric vehicle supplementary power type lithium battery pack balancing device - Google Patents
Control method of electric vehicle supplementary power type lithium battery pack balancing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109649217B CN109649217B CN201910038698.9A CN201910038698A CN109649217B CN 109649217 B CN109649217 B CN 109649217B CN 201910038698 A CN201910038698 A CN 201910038698A CN 109649217 B CN109649217 B CN 109649217B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
A control method of a supplementary electric lithium battery pack balancing device of an electric automobile comprises the following steps: when the power battery pack is charged, the ECU records the charging current of the battery pack and the terminal voltages of all the single batteries within a period of time; when any single battery in the power battery pack is fully charged, the charging is stopped, and the ECU records the voltage change data of all the single battery terminals within a period of time after the charging current is 0; calculating the electric quantity data required by the complete full charge of all the single batteries in the power battery pack according to the data; the ECU reads the stored data of the electric quantity to be supplemented of all the single batteries in the power battery pack, and starts the electric quantity supplementing type lithium battery pack balancing device to supplement and charge the single batteries with serious electric quantity laggard; and measuring and judging each time the battery pack is charged, balancing is executed during discharging, and the steps are executed in a circulating manner. The invention is suitable for the synchronous control of the charging cut-off point of the battery pack, and has high efficiency, high speed and quick system response.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of a supplementary electric lithium battery pack balancing device of an electric automobile, in particular to a method for controlling the consistency of a lithium battery pack of the electric automobile by using a special supplementary electric balancing circuit and reducing the capacity loss of the battery pack caused by monomer difference.
Background
Due to the reasons of material characteristics, manufacturing process, use working conditions and aging degradation, after the lithium batteries are grouped, along with the increase of the use times, the capacity, the residual electric quantity and the internal resistance of the single batteries are different and gradually enlarged, so that the performance of the lithium battery pack is degraded. Various balancing methods are proposed in the industry, but balancing is usually judged only according to the current state of the battery, so that large balancing errors are easily caused, and the balancing effect is not obvious.
According to the method, when the charging is finished, the required electric quantity of each single battery is measured and calculated, and in the discharging stage, the batteries with large deviation are charged by using the electricity supplementing type equalizing circuit, so that the synchronization of the charging cut-off points of all the single batteries in the battery pack is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a control method for an equalizing device of a supplementary electric lithium battery pack of an electric vehicle, wherein the target state of the equalizing control is that all single batteries reach a charge cut-off point simultaneously when charging and discharging, i.e. are fully charged simultaneously.
The control method of the electricity supplementing type lithium battery pack balancing device is based on the electricity supplementing type balancing device to execute balancing action, the principle of the electricity supplementing type balancing device is that the power supply input of the balancing device is an existing DC/DC device and 12/24V batteries of an electric automobile, one or more batteries in a power battery pack are selected to charge the power battery pack through an internal power electronic circuit and a switch device, charging current and electric quantity are controlled, the balancing device has the function of measuring voltage of all single batteries and has a communication function, and charging and discharging current values of the battery pack can be obtained through communication.
The control method comprises the following implementation steps:
(1) when the power battery pack is charged, recording data such as battery pack charging current, terminal voltage of all single batteries and the like in a period of time;
(2) when any single battery in the power battery pack is fully charged, stopping charging, and recording the change data of the terminal voltage of all the single batteries within a period of time after the charging current is 0;
(3) calculating the electric quantity data required by the full charge of all the single batteries in the power battery pack according to the data in the steps (1) and (2), and recording the electric quantity data in a memory which can be stored when the power is cut off;
(4) when the power battery pack discharges, after the DC/DC device works, reading the stored data of the electric quantity needed to be supplemented by all the single batteries in the power battery pack, and starting the electricity supplementing device to supplement and charge the single batteries with serious electric quantity laggard;
and (4) measuring and judging each time the battery pack is charged, performing equalization during discharging, and circularly performing (1) to (4).
The control method of the electric vehicle supplementary electric lithium battery pack balancing device has the following advantages:
(1) the supplementary electric type equalizing device utilizes the existing DC/DC device and 12/24V power supply of the electric automobile, so that the reconstruction cost is low, but the equalizing device can only work when the power battery pack discharges due to the limitation of the DC/DC device;
(2) the charging current is controllable, so that the charging current excitation can be provided according to the test requirement, the relation between the specified excitation and the characteristics is more definite, the accuracy of calculating the state of the single battery is improved conveniently, and the electric quantity required to be supplemented by the single battery is more accurate;
(3) the method does not perform equalization according to the instantaneous voltage state of the single battery, obtains the accurate supplementary electric quantity of the single battery by analyzing a series of charging state data, and performs equalization, thereby avoiding the error equalization caused by equalization according to the instantaneous voltage, and having better equalization stability;
(4) the discharging stage performs equalization without equalization at the end of charging, and does not prolong the charging time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equalizing apparatus for a supplementary electric lithium battery pack according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flow chart of the equalizing device of the supplementary electric lithium battery pack in the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Fig. 1 is a working principle diagram of the balancing device of the supplementary electric lithium battery pack according to the method of the invention.
The control method of the supplementary power type lithium battery pack balancing device is based on the supplementary power type balancing device to execute balancing action, the principle of the supplementary power type balancing device is that the power supply input of the balancing device is the existing DC/DC device and 12/24V batteries of an electric automobile, one or more batteries in a power battery pack are selected to charge the power battery pack through an internal power electronic circuit and a switch device, the charging current and the electric quantity are controlled, the balancing device has the function of measuring the voltage of all single batteries and has the communication function, and the charging and discharging current value of the battery pack can be obtained through communication.
Typically, the DC/DC devices are turned on when the power battery pack is discharged, while the 12/24V battery capacity is relatively small, and therefore the DC/DC devices are typically turned on only after they have been operated when the power battery pack is discharged.
Fig. 2 is a control flow chart of the balancing device of the supplementary electric lithium battery pack in the invention.
The control flow is described below in one of the methods that can be implemented to simplify the calculations:
(1) when the battery pack is charged, terminal voltage { U1, U2, …, Uk } data of all single batteries in the power battery pack are measured every ts time interval, wherein k is the number of the batteries and is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
(2) when any single battery is fully charged, recording a charging current value Io and a single battery terminal voltage { Uo1, Uo2, … and Uok } which are recorded for the latest time after the current is 0, recording tc time after the charging current is measured, recording a single battery terminal voltage { Up1, Up2, … and Upk } and recording 2tc time, and recording a single battery terminal voltage { Uq1, Uq2, … and Uqk };
(3) calculating the required electric quantity { Qo1, Qok, …, Qok } of all the single batteries which are fully charged according to the recorded data, and recording the required electric quantity in a memory which can be saved after power failure;
taking the nth single battery as an example, according to the polarization principle of the battery, in the static state with the current of 0, the battery voltage is equal to the sum of the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage, so that the equation of the voltage of the single battery at three moments is obtained:
formula (a), Uon ═ UOCn + Ucn,
formula (b), Upn ═ UOCn + Ucn × (xp (-tc/r),
formula (c), Uqn ═ UOCn + Ucn × exp (-2tc/r), where r is the polarization time constant.
The UOCn is an open-circuit voltage after the nth single battery is charged, the Ucn is a polarization voltage after the nth single battery is charged, and the UOCn can be obtained through calculation
＝Uon-(Uon-Upn)2/(Uon-2*Upn+Uqn)
Then, inquiring a known corresponding relation between OCV (open circuit voltage) and SOC, obtaining the SOC after the charging of the nth single battery according to the obtained UOCn, obtaining the supplementary electric quantity Qn required by the charging of the nth single battery from full charging, wherein x is a proportionality coefficient, 0< x <1, the numerical value is adjusted according to the engineering condition,
according to the principle, the supplementary electric quantity data { Qo1, Qok, … and Qok } required by full charge of all the single batteries in the power battery pack can be obtained;
(4) when the power battery pack discharges, after the DC/DC device works, reading the stored data of the electric quantity to be supplemented between all the single batteries and full charge, and starting the electricity supplementing device to sequentially supplement and charge the single batteries with serious electric quantity laggard;
and (4) performing steps (1) to (4), measuring and judging each time of charging, performing equalization during discharging, and performing circulation.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other various embodiments according to the disclosure of the embodiments and the drawings, and therefore, all designs that can be easily changed or modified by using the design structure and thought of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A control method of an electric vehicle supplementary electric lithium battery pack balancing device is characterized in that the control method aims at that all single batteries simultaneously reach a charging cut-off point when charging and discharging, namely are fully charged;
one end of the supplementary power type lithium battery pack equalizing device is connected to a DC/DC device and 12/24V batteries, and the other end of the supplementary power type lithium battery pack equalizing device is connected with a vehicle power battery pack through an internal power electronic circuit and a switch device, wherein the internal power electronic circuit and the switch device can select one or more batteries in the vehicle power battery pack to charge the batteries and control charging current and electric quantity; the supplementary electric lithium battery pack balancing device can measure the voltage of all the single batteries, has the function of communicating with a vehicle ECU, and obtains the charging and discharging current value of the battery pack through communication; the DC/DC device is started when the power battery pack discharges, and the 12/24V battery is started when the power battery pack discharges and after the DC/DC device works;
the control method of the equalizing device comprises the following steps:
(1) when the power battery pack is charged, the ECU records battery pack charging current and terminal voltage { U1, U2, …, Uk } data of all single batteries in a period of time, wherein k is the number of the batteries and is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
(2) when any single battery in the power battery pack is fully charged, the charging is stopped, the ECU records a charging current value Io and a single battery terminal voltage { UO1, UO2, … and Uok } which are recorded for the latest time after the charging current is 0, and after tc time is recorded and a single battery terminal voltage { Up1, Up2, … and Upk } is recorded after tc time is recorded and 2tc time is recorded, a single battery terminal voltage { Uq1, Uq2, … and Uqk } is recorded;
(3) calculating the required electric quantity data { Qo1, Qon, …, Qok } of all the single batteries in the power battery pack from the fully charged distance according to the data obtained in the steps (1) and (2), and recording the required electric quantity data in a power-off preservable memory by the ECU; namely: for the nth cell, the cell voltage equation at three moments is obtained:
formula (a), Uon ═ UOCn + Ucn,
formula (b), Upn ═ UOCn + Ucn × (xp (-tc/r),
formula (c), Uqn ═ UOCn + Ucn × exp (-2tc/r), where r is the polarization time constant;
wherein UOCn is an open circuit voltage after the nth cell is charged, Ucn is a polarization voltage after the nth cell is charged, and UOCn is Uon- (Uon-Upn)2/(Uon-2*Upn+Uqn)；
Then, inquiring a known corresponding relation between OCV and SOC, obtaining the SOC after the charging of the nth single battery according to the obtained UOCn, then obtaining the supplementary electric quantity Qn required by the full charging of the nth single battery, wherein x is a proportionality coefficient, 0< x <1, and the numerical value is adjusted according to the engineering condition, thus obtaining the supplementary electric quantity data { Qo1, Qon, …, Qok } required by the full charging of all the single batteries in the power battery pack;
(4) when the power battery pack discharges, after the DC/DC device works, the ECU reads the stored data of the electric quantity needed to be supplemented by all the single batteries in the power battery pack, and the electricity supplementing type lithium battery pack equalizing device is started to supplement and charge the single batteries with serious electric quantity laggard;
and (4) measuring and judging each time the battery pack is charged, performing equalization during discharging, and circularly performing (1) to (4).
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| CN101277022A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-01 | 深圳市比克电池有限公司 | Charging equalization circuit and charging device |
| CN101562266B (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2011-11-30 | 李松 | Charging method of lithium ion power battery and lithium ion power battery system using same |
| JP5453184B2 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2014-03-26 | 日立ビークルエナジー株式会社 | Battery control circuit |
| CN102231546B (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-07-17 | 武汉市菱电汽车电子有限责任公司 | Battery management system with balanced charge and discharge functions and control method thereof |
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| CN103683359B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2016-03-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | The battery equalization method of battery pack and battery management system |
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