CN109648817B - Preparation method of 3D printing intelligent deformation material - Google Patents
Preparation method of 3D printing intelligent deformation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109648817B CN109648817B CN201811521707.1A CN201811521707A CN109648817B CN 109648817 B CN109648817 B CN 109648817B CN 201811521707 A CN201811521707 A CN 201811521707A CN 109648817 B CN109648817 B CN 109648817B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2071/00—Use of polyethers, e.g. PEEK, i.e. polyether-etherketone or PEK, i.e. polyetherketone or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2503/00—Use of resin-bonded materials as filler
- B29K2503/04—Inorganic materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a 3D printing intelligent deformation material, aiming at printing complex irregular shapes such as a gradient structure, a biological structure, a spiral structure, a microstructure and the like, accurately, efficiently, simply and easily, and preparing the 3D printing intelligent deformation material with a complex structure and large deformation. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing a polymer wire, and performing 3D printing on an intelligent deformable material, wherein the method is based on a 3D printing technology and takes polyether-ether-ketone powder and carbon fiber as main materials. By controlling and designing the printing shape and the programmable path in the 3D printing process and changing the intersection angle between layers, the predeformation structure can be more complex and diversified, the deformation of the predeformation structure can be facilitated by being parallel to the printing path, and the larger deformation and the deformation recovery rate can be obtained. The preparation method simplifies the processing steps, saves the production cost and improves the processing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a deformable material, in particular to a preparation method of a 3D printing intelligent deformable material.
Background
Compared with the traditional processing modes of removing, cutting and assembling raw materials, the 3D printing is different, and is a manufacturing method of material superposition from bottom to top. Through 3D printing and manufacturing, parts in any shapes can be directly generated from computer graphic data without machining or any die, assembly is not needed, the development period of products can be greatly shortened, materials are saved through 3D printing, waste and production cost of raw materials are reduced, the production rate is improved, the traditional manufacturing mode is restrained in the past, and manufacture of complex and accurate structural parts which cannot be realized originally becomes possible.
With the increasing international competition and the high intelligent development trend in the fields of aerospace, automobile traffic, biomedical treatment, national defense and military and the like, the performance (function, efficiency, deformation precision and the like) of the shape memory intelligent device is required to be higher and higher. Although the traditional shape memory device has intelligent deformation capability, the bottleneck problems of large volume, low efficacy, single shape and the like still exist, and the development and application of the traditional shape memory device are severely limited. Compared with the original light, accurate and efficient intelligent deformation characteristics of the biological structure, the method provides a natural blue book for high-precision deformation and high-efficiency promotion of the artificial structure. Especially, the rapid development of the 3D printing technology enables the manufacture of the bionic intelligent structure with a complex shape to be possible. The method develops an integrated theory and technology integrating advantages of bionic intelligent structure design and 3D printing, is a major opportunity and challenge faced by design and manufacture of shape memory intelligent materials and devices, develops the bionic structure design and 3D printing research of intelligent high polymer materials and devices around the fundamental theory of shape memory intelligent high polymer material bionic structure design and material modification, 3D printing technology and equipment, performance test, optimization regulation and control and other major scientific problems, and provides theory and technology for design and manufacture of new-generation intelligent materials by emphasizing on solving the major technical bottleneck problems of shape memory intelligent material bionic structure design principle, 3D printing shape control principle, intelligent material function and bionic structure synergy principle and the like.
The polyether-ether-ketone is a special engineering plastic with excellent performance, and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, self lubrication, easy processing, high mechanical strength and the like. The polyetheretherketone has shape memory characteristics, but the deformation is small and the shape recovery rate is low. Therefore, the polyether-ether-ketone printing and 3D printing are combined, the precise structure can be formed at one time, the forming path can also facilitate the deformation of the structure, the deformation behavior and the strength of the structure are increased, and the deformation performance is not lost. The whole production flow can be simplified through 3D printing, a huge design space is provided, products which are difficult to process or even cannot be processed by the traditional process can be manufactured, and the application prospect is good, and the application field is wide. However, the printing temperature of the polyetheretherketone is high, and the high temperature can damage the groups of the high molecular compounds, so that the high molecular compounds lose or lose most of the deformation performance. Therefore, further research is urgently needed on how to develop a 3D printing intelligent deformation material which is suitable for 3D printing and enables polyether-ether-ketone to have deformation characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a 3D printing intelligent deformation material, which can print complex irregular shapes such as a gradient structure, a biological structure, a spiral structure, a microstructure and the like, is accurate, efficient, simple and feasible, and can prepare the 3D printing intelligent deformation material with a complex structure and large deformation.
The invention comprises the following steps:
first step, preparation of polymer wire:
taking 70-100% of polyether-ether-ketone powder and 0-30% of carbon fiber according to mass percent, stirring and mixing, adding the mixture into a heating extrusion device after uniform mixing, heating and melting, extruding the mixture into a cooling water tank at 25-40 ℃ by the heating extrusion device after heating, and cooling to prepare a wire material serving as a consumable material for 3D printing;
step two, 3D printing of the intelligent deformable material:
designing a structure of a deformation material, carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the deformation material by using Solidworks, then carrying out slicing processing on a model according to the thickness of a design layer, converting to generate an STL format file, inputting the STL format file into a 3D printing system, setting parameters and a printing path, and setting an interlayer intersection angle of 0-180 degrees; the method comprises the steps of adopting a fused deposition modeling process, carrying out 3D printing in a closed environment, firstly restoring a printing extrusion head and a bottom plate to zero positions, finely adjusting the height of the extrusion head, then carrying out printing of a first layer, after the printing of the first layer is finished, enabling the lifting height of the extrusion head to be the same as the layer thickness, changing the angle between layers to carry out printing of the next layer until the printing of the deformation material is finished.
In the second step, the deformable material can be designed into a structure including more than two different printing paths in the same layer according to requirements, namely, the structure includes more than two printing directions in the same layer.
After the deformation material is printed, the deformation material is placed in the air to be naturally cooled, the temperature of the deformation material is reduced to 20-25 ℃, the shape of the deformation material at the moment is defined as the initial shape, the deformation material is heated to 140-170 ℃ to be softened, external force is applied to different parts to endow the deformation material with different shapes, then the deformation material is naturally cooled to 20-25 ℃, then the deformation material is heated, and after the temperature reaches 140-170 ℃, the deformation material can be recovered to the initial shape, so that intelligent deformation is realized.
In the first step, the polyether-ether-ketone powder and the carbon fiber are stirred and mixed for 8-10 minutes.
The heating extrusion device in the first step sequentially comprises four stages of heating, wherein the first stage heating temperature is 120-140 ℃, the second stage heating temperature is 180-200 ℃, the third stage heating temperature is 240-260 ℃, the fourth stage heating temperature is 320-360 ℃, the mixture is heated to be in a semi-molten state, the mixture is extruded by a screw in a screw extrusion mode, the rotating speed of the screw is 110-140 rpm, and the diameter of an extrusion head is 1-3 mm.
In the second step, the diameter of the outlet of the printer extrusion head is 1 mm-3 mm, the extrusion speed is 45 mm/s-120 mm/s, the temperature of the extrusion head is 300-350 ℃, the ambient temperature is 25-120 ℃, the temperature of the bottom plate is 100-140 ℃, the filling rate is 40-80%, and the thickness of the printing layer is 0.15 mm-0.3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is based on a 3D printing technology and takes polyether-ether-ketone powder and carbon fiber as main materials. By controlling and designing the printing shape and the programmable path in the 3D printing process and changing the intersection angle between layers, the predeformation structure can be more complex and diversified, the deformation of the predeformation structure can be facilitated by being parallel to the printing path, and the larger deformation and the deformation recovery rate can be obtained. The preparation method simplifies the processing steps, saves the production cost and improves the processing efficiency.
According to the 3D printing intelligent deformation material prepared by the invention, the polyether-ether-ketone is modified by the carbon fibers, the printing temperature of the polyether-ether-ketone is reduced, the phenomenon that the polyether-ether-ketone group is decomposed due to the overhigh printing temperature and loses the deformation performance is prevented, the deformation can be promoted and promoted in the direction parallel to the carbon fibers, and the material has good deformation performance.
The polymer wire prepared by the method is subjected to four-stage heating, so that the mixed powder material can be fully preheated, and the influence on the performance of the material and the deformation performance of the 3D printing material caused by the influence of the high-temperature state for a long time is avoided.
The obtained intelligent deformation material has high mechanical strength value by adding the carbon fiber, besides good structural design and deformation diversity, and can prolong the service life of the 3D printing intelligent material in practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a four-stage powder heating and extruding device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for printing different inter-layer angular deformation materials.
FIG. 3 is an example of the deformation process of the material with different interlayer angle deformation according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for printing a deformable material with different local paths.
Fig. 5 is an example of the deformation process of the locally different path deformation material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
please refer to fig. 1, 2, and 3:
first step, preparation of polymer wire:
taking 95% of polyether-ether-ketone powder and 5% of carbon fiber by mass, stirring and mixing for 8-10 minutes, adding the mixture into a heating extrusion device for heating and melting after uniform mixing, wherein the heating extrusion device sequentially comprises four stages of heating, the first stage heating temperature is 120-140 ℃, the second stage heating temperature is 180-200 ℃, the third stage heating temperature is 240-260 ℃, the fourth stage heating temperature is 320-360 ℃, the mixture is heated to be in a semi-molten state, the interior of the mixture is spirally extruded by adopting a screw extrusion mode, the rotating speed of the screw is 110-140 rpm, the diameter of an extrusion head is 1-3 mm, and the mixture is extruded into a cooling water tank at 25-40 ℃ by the heating extrusion device for cooling after heating to prepare a wire material which is used as a consumable material for 3D printing;
step two, 3D printing of the intelligent deformable material:
designing a structure of a deformation material, performing three-dimensional modeling on the deformation material by using Solidworks, then performing slicing processing on a model according to the thickness of a design layer, converting to generate an STL format file, inputting the STL format file into a 3D printing system, setting parameters and a printing path, wherein the interlayer intersection angle can be 30 degrees, 60 degrees or 90 degrees; the method comprises the steps of performing 3D printing in a closed environment by adopting a fused deposition molding process, wherein the diameter of an extrusion head outlet of a printer is 1-3 mm, the extrusion speed is 45-120 mm/s, the temperature of the extrusion head is 300-350 ℃, the ambient temperature is 25-120 ℃, the temperature of a bottom plate is 100-140 ℃, the filling rate is 40-80%, and the thickness of a printing layer is 0.15-0.3 mm.
After the deformation material is printed, the deformation material is placed in the air to be naturally cooled, the temperature of the deformation material is reduced to 20-25 ℃, the shape of the deformation material at the moment is defined as the initial shape, the deformation material is heated to 140-170 ℃ to be softened, external force is applied to different parts to endow the deformation material with different shapes, then the deformation material is naturally cooled to 20-25 ℃, then the deformation material is heated, and after the temperature reaches 140-170 ℃, the deformation material can be recovered to the initial shape, so that intelligent deformation is realized.
Example 2:
please refer to fig. 1, 4, and 5:
first step, preparation of polymer wire:
taking 80% of polyetheretherketone powder and 20% of carbon fiber by mass percent, stirring and mixing for 8-10 minutes, adding the mixture into a heating extrusion device for heating and melting after uniform mixing, wherein the heating extrusion device sequentially comprises four stages of heating, the first stage heating temperature is 120-140 ℃, the second stage heating temperature is 180-200 ℃, the third stage heating temperature is 240-260 ℃, the fourth stage heating temperature is 320-360 ℃, the mixture is heated to be in a semi-molten state, the interior is spirally extruded by adopting a screw extrusion mode, the rotating speed of the screw is 110-140 rpm, the diameter of an extrusion head is 1-3 mm, and the mixture is extruded into a cooling water tank at 25-40 ℃ by the heating extrusion device for cooling after heating to prepare a wire material which is used as a consumable material for 3D printing;
step two, 3D printing of the intelligent deformable material:
designing a structure of a deformation material, carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the deformation material by using Solidworks, then carrying out slicing processing on a model according to the thickness of a design layer, converting to generate an STL format file, inputting the STL format file into a 3D printing system, setting parameters and printing paths, setting the cross angle between layers to be 90 degrees, and setting local printing paths in the same layer to be different, namely the same layer comprises two or more than two printing directions; the method comprises the steps of performing 3D printing in a closed environment by adopting a fused deposition molding process, wherein the diameter of an extrusion head outlet of a printer is 1-3 mm, the extrusion speed is 45-120 mm/s, the temperature of the extrusion head is 300-350 ℃, the ambient temperature is 25-120 ℃, the temperature of a bottom plate is 100-140 ℃, the filling rate is 40-80%, and the thickness of a printing layer is 0.15-0.3 mm.
After the deformation material is printed, the deformation material is placed in the air to be naturally cooled, the temperature of the deformation material is reduced to 20-25 ℃, the shape of the deformation material at the moment is defined as the initial shape, the deformation material is heated to 140-170 ℃ to be softened, external force is applied to different parts to endow the deformation material with different shapes, then the deformation material is naturally cooled to 20-25 ℃, then the deformation material is heated, and after the temperature reaches 140-170 ℃, the deformation material can be recovered to the initial shape, so that intelligent deformation is realized.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a 3D printing intelligent deformation material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
first step, preparation of polymer wire:
taking 70-100% of polyether-ether-ketone powder and 0-30% of carbon fiber according to mass percent, stirring and mixing, adding the mixture into a heating extrusion device after uniform mixing, heating and melting, extruding the mixture into a cooling water tank at 25-40 ℃ by the heating extrusion device after heating, and cooling to prepare a wire material serving as a consumable material for 3D printing;
step two, 3D printing of the intelligent deformable material:
designing a structure of a deformation material, carrying out three-dimensional modeling on the deformation material by using Solidworks, then carrying out slicing processing on a model according to the thickness of a design layer, converting to generate an STL format file, inputting the STL format file into a 3D printing system, setting parameters and a printing path, and setting an interlayer intersection angle of 0-180 degrees; the method comprises the steps of adopting a fused deposition modeling process, carrying out 3D printing in a closed environment, firstly restoring a printing extrusion head and a bottom plate to zero positions, finely adjusting the height of the extrusion head, then carrying out printing of a first layer, after the printing of the first layer is finished, enabling the lifting height of the extrusion head to be the same as the layer thickness, changing the angle between layers to carry out printing of the next layer until the printing of the deformation material is finished.
2. The preparation method of the 3D printing intelligent deformable material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the same layer in the second step includes more than two different printing paths.
3. The preparation method of the 3D printing intelligent deformable material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the deformation material is printed, the deformation material is placed in the air to be naturally cooled, the temperature of the deformation material is reduced to 20-25 ℃, the shape of the deformation material at the moment is defined as the initial shape, the deformation material is heated to 140-170 ℃ to be softened, external force is applied to different parts to endow the deformation material with different shapes, then the deformation material is naturally cooled to 20-25 ℃, then the deformation material is heated, and after the temperature reaches 140-170 ℃, the deformation material can be recovered to the initial shape, so that intelligent deformation is realized.
4. The preparation method of the 3D printing intelligent deformable material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the first step, the polyether-ether-ketone powder and the carbon fiber are stirred and mixed for 8-10 minutes.
5. The preparation method of the 3D printing intelligent deformable material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating extrusion device in the first step sequentially comprises four stages of heating, wherein the first stage heating temperature is 120-140 ℃, the second stage heating temperature is 180-200 ℃, the third stage heating temperature is 240-260 ℃, the fourth stage heating temperature is 320-360 ℃, the mixture is heated to be in a semi-molten state, the mixture is extruded by a screw in a screw extrusion mode, the rotating speed of the screw is 110-140 rpm, and the diameter of an extrusion head is 1-3 mm.
6. The preparation method of the 3D printing intelligent deformable material, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the second step, the diameter of the outlet of the printer extrusion head is 1 mm-3 mm, the extrusion speed is 45 mm/s-120 mm/s, the temperature of the extrusion head is 300-350 ℃, the ambient temperature is 25-120 ℃, the temperature of the bottom plate is 100-140 ℃, the filling rate is 40-80%, and the thickness of the printing layer is 0.15 mm-0.3 mm.
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| CN110093021B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-03-02 | 吉林大学 | Polylactic acid modified shape memory intelligent deformation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110509578B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-11-17 | 华中科技大学 | Heat treatment method for improving shape memory performance of polyether-ether-ketone in 3D printing |
| CN110576602B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-06-11 | 华中科技大学 | 3D printing method of polyether-ether-ketone and printing sample piece thereof |
| CN112477140B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2023-02-17 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Electrical heating 4D printing assembly and printing method |
| CN113400634B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-05-06 | 金华卡梦新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene oxide-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced shape memory composite material |
| CN114038672B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2024-07-23 | 盐城工学院 | Preparation method and device of complex special-shaped gradient magnet and application of complex special-shaped gradient magnet |
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