CN109648072B - 通过粉末冶金制造阀座环的方法 - Google Patents

通过粉末冶金制造阀座环的方法 Download PDF

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CN109648072B
CN109648072B CN201811183360.4A CN201811183360A CN109648072B CN 109648072 B CN109648072 B CN 109648072B CN 201811183360 A CN201811183360 A CN 201811183360A CN 109648072 B CN109648072 B CN 109648072B
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H·赫肯顿
A·穆勒
R·肖勒
K·温特里奇
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于通过粉末冶金制造阀座环的方法。根据该方法，将含有4重量百分比至16重量百分比的钴颗粒的粉末混合物压实以形成阀座环，并将该粉末混合物压制和烧结。这里，80％的钴颗粒的粒径为4.4μm至17.5μm。

Description

通过粉末冶金制造阀座环的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过粉末冶金制造阀座环的方法，以及一种通过执行该方法制造的阀座环。本发明还涉及一种具有这种阀座环的摩擦学系统，以及具有这种摩擦学系统的内燃机。
背景技术
已知通过粉末冶金生产用于内燃机的入口阀和出口阀的阀座环。这种电力冶金生产方法能够实现高精度制造，这仅需要很少的精加工步骤。同时，也可以通过粉末冶金以简单的方式添加原本仅能够费劲地混合的成分，例如润滑和抗摩擦装置。
这种粉末冶金生产方法从DE 103 36 407 A1已知。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于阀座环的改进的制造方法，该阀座环是通过粉末冶金制造的。特别地，借助于这种方法，阀座环将被制造成具有改进的磨损特性，使得所形成的阀座环在它们用于内燃机时也具有增加的寿命。
该问题由独立权利要求的主题解决。优选实施例是从属权利要求的主题。
在根据本发明的用于通过粉末冶金制造阀座环的方法中，包含4重量百分比至16重量百分比的钴颗粒的粉末混合物被压实以形成阀座环并且随后烧结。根据本发明，粉末混合物中包含的80％的钴颗粒在压实之前具有4.4μm至17.5μm的粒径。采用以这种方式生产的阀座环的磨损试验表明，与通过粉末冶金生产的传统阀座环相比，以这种方式生产的阀座环具有明显增加的耐磨性。该特征还伴随着所生产的阀座环的延长寿命。
在通过根据本发明的方法制造的阀座环中实现了特别好的磨损特性，其中粉末混合物中包含的80％的钴颗粒在压实之前的颗粒直径在6.5μm和12μm之间。
根据该方法的优选实施例，由基于铁、钴或钼的至少一种硬质相形成起始材料的0重量百分比至40重量百分比，所述硬质相作为掺和物被包含在起始材料中。优选地，两种或更多种所述硬质相可以被包含在起始材料中。至少一个硬质相的混合增加了通过该方法生产的阀座环的硬度。
特别优选地，由至少一种固体润滑剂形成起始材料的0重量百分比至3重量百分比。所述固体润滑剂作为掺和物被包含在起始材料中。特别优选地，起始材料中含有数种这样的固体润滑剂。
有利地，由铜、青铜、黄铜、磷铁(FeP)和/或石墨的掺和物可以分别形成起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比。
特别有利地，起始材料可含有0重量百分比至7重量百分比的铜。
在有利的进一步发展中，由压制剂和/或流动改进剂分别形成起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比。
根据进一步优选的实施例，起始材料包含铁基粉末，其具有以下组分：0至3重量百分比的Cr，0至1.5重量百分比的Si，0至4重量百分比的Ni，0至3.5重量百分比的V，0至2.5重量百分比的W，0至2.5重量百分比的Mo。
优选地，起始材料另外具有以下成分中的一种或多种：石墨、MnS、FeP、CaF2、MoS2。
本发明还涉及一种摩擦学系统，该系统具有先前提出的阀座环和用于关闭阀开口的阀体，该阀开口被阀座环包围。因此，根据本发明的方法的先前解释的优点转移到根据本发明的摩擦学系统。
根据优选实施例，阀体的材料包括或者是X45CrSi-9。
有利地，阀座环可以被氮化和/或硬化。
根据优选实施例，阀体包括阀轴和阀板，其中阀板在接触部分中被硬化和/或氮化，阀板在接触部分中抵靠阀座环以关闭阀开口。
本发明还涉及一种用于机动车辆的内燃机。内燃机包括先前提出的摩擦学系统，其中摩擦学系统的阀开口和阀座环设置在内燃机的气缸盖上。因此，根据本发明的内燃机的先前解释的优点也转移到根据本发明的摩擦学系统。
本发明的其它重要特征和优点将从从属权利要求、附图和借助附图的相关的附图说明中得出。
应当理解，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，上面提到并且将在下面进一步解释的特征不仅能够以相应指示的组合使用，而且能够以其他组合或单独使用。
附图说明
优选的示例实施例在附图中示出并且在以下描述中进一步解释。
具体实施方式
单个图1以示意性、高度简化的图示示出了根据本发明的摩擦学系统10的结构，该摩擦学系统可以用在机动车辆的内燃机的气缸盖16中。摩擦学系统10包括阀开口11，其可通过阀体13关闭。图1示出阀体13处于关闭位置。X45CrSi-9可以用作阀体13的材料。阀体13包括阀轴14，阀轴14轴向延伸到阀板15中。阀开口11被阀座环12包围。
在图1所示的关闭位置，阀板15关闭阀开口11。为此，阀板15定位成利用接触部分17抵靠阀座环12。阀座环12可以以这种方式被氮化和硬化。
阀座12通过根据本发明的方法制造，因此通过粉末冶金制造。在根据本发明的用于制造阀座12的方法中，将包含4重量百分比至16重量百分比之间的钴颗粒的粉末混合物压实以形成阀座环。压实可以通过压制过程进行。随后烧结压实的粉末混合物。代替烧结过程，还要考虑压实的粉末混合物的热轧。在压实之前，80％的钴颗粒的粒径在4.4μm和17.5μm之间。在6.5μm和12μm之间的粒径值是优选的。
另外，相应地可以通过基于铁、钴或钼的硬质相形成起始材料的0重量百分比至40重量百分比，硬质相作为掺和物被包含在起始材料中。因此，起始材料中存在的每个硬相可以形成起始材料的0重量百分比至40重量百分比。同样地，相应地可以通过各种固体润滑剂形成起始材料的0重量百分比至3重量百分比，所述固体润滑剂作为掺和物包含在起始材料中。因此，起始材料中存在的每种固体润滑剂可以形成起始材料的0重量百分比至3重量百分比。同样地，相应地可以分别通过铜、青铜、黄铜、磷铁(FeP)和/或石墨的掺和物形成起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比。因此，上述每种物质可以形成起始材料的0重量百分比至40重量百分比。此外，相应地起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比通过压制剂和流动改进剂相应地形成。
此外，起始材料可以包含在0重量百分比至7重量百分比之间的铜。此外，起始材料可含有铁基粉末。铁基粉末又可以含有以下成分：0至3重量百分比的Cr，0至1.5重量百分比的Si，0至4重量百分比的Ni，0至3.5重量百分比的V，0至2.5重量％的W，0至2.5重量％的Mo。此外，起始材料还可具有一种或多种下列成分：石墨、MnS、FeP、CaF2、MoS2。

Claims (17)

1.一种通过粉末冶金制造阀座环(12)的方法，
-根据所述方法，含有4重量百分比至16重量百分比的钴颗粒的粉末混合物作为起始材料被压实，以形成所述阀座环(12)，并且随后被烧结，其中在压实之前，80％的所述钴颗粒的粒径在4.4μm至17.5μm之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
含有4重量百分比至16重量百分比的钴颗粒的粉末混合物被压制，80％的所述钴颗粒的粒径在6.5μm至12μm之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
由至少一种硬质相形成起始材料的0重量百分比至40重量百分比，所述硬质相作为掺和物被包含在所述起始材料中，所述硬质相基于铁、钴和/或钼。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，
其特征在于，由多种硬质相形成起始材料的0重量百分比至40重量百分比，所述硬质相基于铁、钴和/或钼。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
由作为掺和物被包含在起始材料中的至少一种固体润滑剂，形成所述起始材料的0重量百分比至3重量百分比。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
由作为掺和物被包含在起始材料中的多种固体润滑剂，形成所述起始材料的0重量百分比至3重量百分比。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
掺和物包括铜、青铜、黄铜、磷铁和/或石墨，所述掺和物的每种成分形成所述起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述起始材料包含0重量百分比至7重量百分比的铜。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
由压制剂形成所述起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比，和/或
流动改进剂形成所述起始材料的0重量百分比至5.5重量百分比。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述起始材料包含铁基粉末，所述铁基粉末具有以下成分：0至3重量百分比的Cr，0至1.5重量百分比的Si，0至4重量百分比的Ni，0至3.5重量百分比的V，0至2.5重量百分比的W，0-2.5重量百分比的Mo。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
此外，所述起始材料还具有以下一种或多种成分：
石墨、MnS、FeP、CaF2、MoS2。
12.一种阀座环(12)，其通过根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的方法制造。
13.一种摩擦学系统(10)，
-具有根据权利要求12所述的阀座环(12)，
-具有阀体(13)，用于关闭由所述阀座环(12)围绕的阀开口(11)。
14.根据权利要求13所述的摩擦学系统，
其特征在于，
所述阀体(13)的材料包括X45CrSi-9或者是X45CrSi-9。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的摩擦学系统，
其特征在于，
所述阀座环(12)被硬化。
16.根据权利要求15所述的摩擦学系统，
其特征在于，
所述阀座环(12)被氮化。
17.一种用于机动车辆的内燃机，
-具有根据权利要求13至16中的任一项所述的摩擦学系统(10)，
-其中，所述摩擦学系统(10)的阀开口(11)和阀座环(12)设置在所述内燃机的气缸盖(16)上。
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