CN109639356A - Optical fiber distribution system - Google Patents
Optical fiber distribution system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109639356A CN109639356A CN201811621184.8A CN201811621184A CN109639356A CN 109639356 A CN109639356 A CN 109639356A CN 201811621184 A CN201811621184 A CN 201811621184A CN 109639356 A CN109639356 A CN 109639356A
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- frequency
- signal
- downlink radio
- downlink
- proximal end
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
- H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
- H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
- H04B10/25891—Transmission components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of optical fiber distribution systems, including proximal end unit and multiple far-end units；Proximal end unit is used to receive the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges, the first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel will be distributed as after the radiofrequency signal synthesis of the multiple frequency range all the way radiofrequency signal, the first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel is converted into the first optical signal of multichannel, the distal end optical interface of corresponding far-end unit is transmitted to by optical fiber；Far-end unit receives the first optical signal, be converted to the second downlink radio-frequency signal, it is divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal, will treated high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and the synthesis of low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal third downlink radio-frequency signal all the way, pass through antennal interface and emit third downlink radio-frequency signal.The radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges is supported while being accessed to the embodiment of the present invention, supports full bandwidth of operation, has and configures the advantages such as flexible, small in size, at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication optimization field more particularly to a kind of optical fiber distribution systems.
Background technique
Mobile communication technology is since developing beginning, in the place that base station does not cover, begins to widely apply repeater
The supplement covering of wireless signal is completed with various distributing antenna systems (Distributed Antenna System, DAS).
As mobile network becomes increasingly complex, the requirement to wireless coverage is also higher and higher, the requirement of comprehensive various aspects, fiber distribution system
System has become most important wireless signal supplement coverage mode at present.
Present mobile communications network becomes increasingly complex, and in each country /region, can all there is more operators simultaneously,
Every operator possesses multiple frequency ranges again.Using existing distributing antenna system the problem is that: need the different fortune of more sets
Seek quotient, the equipment that different frequency range is applicable in, installation site can be limited, the costly and wasteful resource of rent and power consumption.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of optical fiber distribution system, the radio frequency letter for supporting while accessing multiple frequency ranges is realized
Number, it supports full bandwidth of operation, has and configure the advantages such as flexible, small in size, at low cost.
In a first aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of optical fiber distribution system, including proximal end unit and multiple far-end units；
The proximal end unit includes multiple information source connectivity ports and multiple proximal end optical interfaces, the far-end unit include distal end optical interface and
Antennal interface；
The proximal end unit is used to receive the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges by the multiple information source connectivity port, will be described
The radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges is distributed as the first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel after synthesizing radiofrequency signal all the way, by the multichannel first
Downlink radio-frequency signal is converted to the first optical signal of multichannel, exports first light of multichannel respectively by the multiple proximal end optical interface
Signal；
The multiple proximal end optical interface passes through the distal end optical interface that optical fiber connects corresponding far-end unit respectively；
The far-end unit is used to receive first optical signal from the distal end optical interface, and first optical signal is turned
It is changed to the second downlink radio-frequency signal, second downlink radio-frequency signal is divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio frequency
Signal is respectively handled the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal, will treated the high frequency
Downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal synthesize third downlink radio-frequency signal all the way, pass through the antennal interface and emit institute
State third downlink radio-frequency signal.
Preferably, the proximal end unit further includes proximal end multiplexer, the first power splitter and multiple first electric light converters；
Multiple downlink input terminals of the proximal end multiplexer are correspondingly connected with the information source connectivity port, the proximal end multiplexing
The downlink output end of device is connect with the input terminal of first power splitter, multiple output ends of first power splitter and described more
The input terminal of a first electric light converter is correspondingly connected with, the output end of the multiple first electric light converter and the multiple proximal end
Optical interface is correspondingly connected with；
The proximal end multiplexer is used to the radiofrequency signal of the multiple frequency range synthesizing radiofrequency signal all the way；
First power splitter is penetrated for the radiofrequency signal that the proximal end multiplexer synthesizes to be distributed as the first downlink of multichannel
Frequency signal emits first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel from multiple output ends of first power splitter；
First electric light converter is used for the first downlink radio-frequency signal that will receive and is converted to the first optical signal, and from
The output end of first electric light converter emits first optical signal.
Preferably, first power splitter includes level-one power splitter and multiple second level power splitters；The level-one power splitter
Input terminal is the input terminal of first power splitter, and multiple output ends of the level-one power splitter are separately connected the multiple second level
The input terminal of power splitter, multiple output ends of the multiple second level power splitter are multiple output ends of first power splitter.
Preferably, the level-one power splitter is one point of four power splitter, and the second level power splitter is one point of 16 power splitter.
Preferably, the far-end unit further includes the first photoelectric converter, the first height frequency combiner, high-frequency therapeutic treatment mould
Block, low frequency processing module and distal end multiplexer；
The input terminal of first photoelectric converter connects the distal end optical interface, the first height frequency combiner it is defeated
Enter the output end that end connects first photoelectric converter, an output end of the first height frequency combiner connects the height
The input terminal of frequency processing module, the another output of the first height frequency combiner connect the defeated of the low frequency processing module
Enter end, the output end of the high-frequency therapeutic treatment module connects the high frequency downlink input terminal of the distal end multiplexer, the low frequency processing
The output end of module connects the low frequency downlink input terminal of the distal end multiplexer；The downlink output end of the distal end multiplexer connects
The antennal interface；
The first optical signal that first photoelectric converter is used to receive input terminal is converted to the second downlink radio frequency letter
Number, and emit second downlink radio-frequency signal from the output end of first photoelectric converter；
The first height frequency combiner be used for by second downlink radio-frequency signal be divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and
Low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal, and export the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal；
The high-frequency therapeutic treatment module is used to the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal is handled and be exported the processing high frequency
Downlink radio-frequency signal；
The low frequency processing module is used to the low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal is handled and be exported treated low frequency
Downlink radio-frequency signal；
The signal synthesis one that the distal end multiplexer is used to receive high frequency downlink input terminal and low frequency downlink input terminal
Road third downlink radio-frequency signal, and emit the third downlink radio-frequency signal from the downlink output end.
Preferably, the high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module include amplifier, gain adjustment module, filtering mould
Block and ultra wide band power amplifier unit.
Preferably, the far-end unit further includes sequentially connected amplifier and gain adjustment module, described to be sequentially connected
Amplifier and gain adjustment module be connected to the output end and the first height frequency combiner of first photoelectric converter
Input terminal between.
Preferably, first photoelectric converter, the first height frequency combiner, high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module
It is integrated in the cavity body structure of the distal end multiplexer.
Preferably, the radiofrequency signal of the multiple frequency range includes that the radiofrequency signal of 900MHz frequency range, 1800MHz frequency range are penetrated
The radiofrequency signal of frequency signal, the radiofrequency signal of 2100MHz frequency range and 2600MHz frequency range further includes the radio frequency letter of 700MHz frequency range
Number or 800MHz frequency range radiofrequency signal.
Second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of optical fiber distribution system, including proximal end unit and multiple far-end units；
The proximal end unit includes multiple information source connectivity ports and multiple proximal end optical interfaces, the far-end unit include distal end optical interface and
Antennal interface；
The far-end unit is used to receive the radiofrequency signal of terminal transmission by the antennal interface, to the terminal transmission
Radiofrequency signal be filtered to obtain high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal, the high frequency upstream is penetrated respectively
Frequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal are handled, will treated the high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency
Signal synthesizes the first upstream radio-frequency signal all the way, first upstream radio-frequency signal is converted to the second optical signal, by described
Distal end optical interface exports second optical signal；
The distal end optical interface of the multiple far-end unit passes through optical fiber respectively and connects the corresponding proximal end optical interface；
The proximal end unit is used to receive second optical signal by the proximal end optical interface, by second optical signal
The second upstream radio-frequency signal is converted to, it is multiple by being divided into after second upstream radio-frequency signal synthesis all the way radiofrequency signal through filtering
The radiofrequency signal of frequency range passes through the frequency range pair for the information source that information source connectivity port output is connect with the information source connectivity port
The radiofrequency signal answered.
The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, proximal end unit can access the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges, to multiple frequency ranges
After radiofrequency signal is combined, multiple far-end units are distributed in the form of optical signal, in far-end unit by downlink radio frequency
Signal is divided into low-and high-frequency two-way radiofrequency signal and is handled, correspondingly, far-end unit by uplink radio frequency signal be combined at
Optical signal all the way is transmitted to after the unit of proximal end through photoelectric conversion and filtering, is divided into the radiofrequency signal of different frequency range and is sent to pair
The information source answered, realize multiple frequency ranges signal processing and active circuit merge, multiple uplinks of the multiple frequency ranges of proximal end unit, under
Row radio-frequency channel is merged into data feedback channel all the way and down going channel carries out the processing of radiofrequency signal, the active electricity of far-end unit all the way
Uplink, downlink radio-frequency signal channel have also also been combined into two-way data feedback channel and two-way down going channel, greatly letter by road respectively
Circuit is changed, has had and configure the advantages such as flexible, small in size, at low cost.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to allow above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage can
It is clearer and more comprehensible, the followings are specific embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading a detailed description of non-restrictive embodiments in the light of the attached drawings below, of the invention other
Feature, objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of optical fiber distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of one of embodiment of the present invention proximal end unit；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of another proximal end unit in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the photoelectric conversion unit in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of one of embodiment of the present invention far-end unit；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of another far-end unit in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.It is understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is used to explain the present invention, rather than limitation of the invention.It also should be noted that for the ease of retouching
It states, only the parts related to the present invention are shown in attached drawing rather than entire infrastructure.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term), there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, it should be understood that have in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless otherwise will not be explained in an idealized or overly formal meaning by specific definitions.
In addition, term first, second, third, etc. in the specification and in the claims is only used for difference same technique spy
The description purpose of sign is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly indicates the number of indicated technical characteristic
Amount, also not necessarily describes order or time sequencing.Term can be interchanged in a suitable case.Define as a result, " the
One ", the feature of " second " can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.
Similarly, term " connection " equally is used in the specification and in the claims, should not be construed as being limited to direct
Connection.Therefore, expression " device A is connect with device B " should not necessarily be limited by device A in device or system and be directly connected to device B,
Meaning has path between device A and device B, this can be the path including other devices or tool.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of optical fiber distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.The present embodiment provides one kind
Optical fiber distribution system, including proximal end unit MU and multiple far-end unit RU.
In any embodiment of the invention, proximal end unit is also access unit (Access Unit, AU) or host
Unit (Main Unit/Host Unit, MU/HU), for accessing source signal or emitting to information source in optical fiber distribution system
Signal.Specifically, information source can be base station, can be connected by coaxial cable between base station and proximal end unit MU.Far-end unit
RU is also remote unit (Remote Unit, RU), the day for receiving the signal of proximal end unit transmission and being connected by itself
Line emits signal, alternatively, the signal that sends by antenna receiving terminal apparatus and transmitting a signal to proximal end.Proximal end unit MU and remote
It is connected between end unit RU using optical fiber.Optical fiber distribution system is connect by proximal end with information source, signal is distributed to be distributed in it is more
The far-end unit RU of a position enables the signal of information source to reach the signal covering model of the antenna of multiple far-end unit RU connections
It encloses, to achieve the effect that expand the coverage area, optimize wireless signal.
In the present embodiment, unit MU in proximal end includes multiple information source connectivity ports 10 and multiple proximal end optical interfaces 20, distal end
Unit R U includes distal end optical interface 30 and antennal interface 40.
Proximal end unit MU is used to connect the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges by multiple information source connectivity ports 10.For example, such as Fig. 1
It is shown, the radiofrequency signal of proximal end unit MU five frequency ranges of connection, this five frequency ranges are as follows: 700MHz 800MHz frequency range,
900MHz frequency range, 1800MHz frequency range, 2100MHz frequency range, 2600MHz frequency range, and each frequency range are full bandwidth of operation, and
Support the mobile communication signal standard for all FDD systems being currently known, including 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G.Support that five frequency ranges are all
Mobile communication signal standard so that a proximal end unit MU can support all movements of whole operators of five frequency ranges
Signal access, realization build together, reduce the quantity of equipment construction, meet environmentally protective.
Proximal end unit MU is also used to that multichannel first will be distributed as after the radiofrequency signal synthesis of multiple frequency ranges all the way radiofrequency signal
The first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel is converted to the first optical signal of multichannel, passes through multiple proximal end optical interfaces 20 by downlink radio-frequency signal
The first optical signal of output multi-channel respectively.
Multiple proximal end optical interfaces 20 connect the distal end optical interface 30 of corresponding far-end unit by optical fiber respectively.Specific real
Shi Shi, optical fiber distribution system can be single-input single-output, can also be to be multiple-input, multiple-output (Multiple-Input Multiple-
Output, MIMO), shown in FIG. 1 is 2 × 2MIMO.If optical fiber distribution system is single-input single-output, proximal end optical interface 30
Quantity can be identical with the quantity of far-end unit RU, and proximal end optical interface 30 connects one to one with far-end unit RU.
Far-end unit RU is used to receive the first optical signal from distal end optical interface 30, and the first optical signal is converted to the second downlink
Second downlink radio-frequency signal is divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal, respectively to high frequency by radiofrequency signal
Downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal are handled, and treated high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink are penetrated
Frequency signal synthesizes third downlink radio-frequency signal all the way, passes through antennal interface 40 and emits the third downlink radio-frequency signal.
Correspondingly, it is based on same inventive concept, the present invention provides a kind of optical fiber distribution system from the angle of signal uplink,
The system includes proximal end unit MU and multiple far-end unit RU；Proximal end unit MU includes multiple information source connectivity ports 10 and multiple close
Optical interface 20 is held, far-end unit RU includes distal end optical interface 30 and antennal interface 40.
Far-end unit RU is used to receive the radiofrequency signal of terminal transmission by antennal interface 40, believes the radio frequency of terminal transmission
It number is filtered to obtain high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal, respectively to high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency
Upstream radio-frequency signal is handled, will treated high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and the synthesis of low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal all the way first
First upstream radio-frequency signal is converted to the second optical signal by upstream radio-frequency signal, exports the second light letter by distal end optical interface 30
Number.
The distal end optical interface 30 of multiple far-end units connects corresponding proximal end optical interface 20 by optical fiber respectively.
Proximal end unit MU is used to receive the second optical signal by proximal end optical interface 20, and the second optical signal is converted on second
Row radiofrequency signal will be divided into the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges through filtering after the synthesis of the second upstream radio-frequency signal all the way radiofrequency signal,
Radiofrequency signal corresponding with the frequency range for the information source that information source connectivity port 10 is connected is exported by information source connectivity port 10.
In conclusion the technical solution of the present embodiment, proximal end unit can access the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges, to multiple frequencies
After the radiofrequency signal of section is combined, multiple far-end units are distributed in the form of optical signal, in far-end unit by downlink
Radiofrequency signal is divided into low-and high-frequency two-way radiofrequency signal and is handled, and correspondingly, closes uplink radio frequency signal in far-end unit
Road is transmitted to after the unit of proximal end through photoelectric conversion and filtering at optical signal all the way, is divided into the radiofrequency signal of different frequency range and transmission
To corresponding information source, the signal processing and active circuit for realizing multiple frequency ranges merge, the multiple frequency ranges of proximal end unit it is multiple on
Row, downlink radio frequency channel are merged into data feedback channel all the way and down going channel carries out the processing of radiofrequency signal all the way, far-end unit
Uplink, downlink radio-frequency signal channel have also also been combined into two-way data feedback channel and two-way down going channel, pole by active circuit respectively
Big simplifies circuit, has and configures the advantages such as flexible, small in size, at low cost.
Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present invention also provides the module rack of optional specific proximal end unit
Structure, the proximal end unit can be applied in the optical fiber distribution system that above-mentioned any embodiment provides.The present embodiment proximal end unit removes
It further include proximal end multiplexer 1, the first power splitter 1-0 and multiple photoelectric conversions outside including information source access interface and proximal end optical interface
Unit 1-1 to 1-4 can be other quantity in figure by taking 4 photoelectric conversion units as an example in the specific implementation.Specifically, the light
Electric converting unit includes the first electric light converter.
Multiple input terminals of proximal end multiplexer 1 are correspondingly connected with information source connectivity port, the downlink output end of proximal end multiplexer 1
TX is connect with the input terminal of the first power splitter 1-0, multiple output end TX1 to TX4 of the first power splitter and the multiple first electricity
The input terminal of photoconverter is correspondingly connected with, and the output end of the multiple first electric light converter is corresponding with multiple proximal end optical interfaces to be connected
It connects and (is not indicated in figure).
Proximal end multiplexer 1 is used to the radiofrequency signal of the multiple frequency range synthesizing radiofrequency signal all the way；
First power splitter 1-0 is penetrated for the radiofrequency signal that the proximal end multiplexer 1 synthesizes to be distributed as the first downlink of multichannel
Frequency signal emits the first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel from multiple output ends of the first power splitter 1-0；As shown in Figure 1, having distributed 4
The first downlink radio-frequency signal of road is to 4 the first electric light converters.
First electric light converter is used for the first downlink radio-frequency signal that will receive and is converted to the first optical signal, and from first
The output end of electric light converter emits first optical signal.
Above embodiment clearly illustrates the functional module framework of proximal end unit.Further, it can fully consider
Practical application scene, according to user demand flexible configuration: being configured to SISO (single-input single-output) work according to the demand of data traffic
Mode or 2 × 2MIMO working method.If it is 2 × 2MIMO working method, then one group of identical functional module is needed to configure,
Proximal end multiplexer 2, the second power splitter 2-0 and photoelectric conversion unit 2-1 to 2-4 as shown in Figure 2.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the first power splitter 1-0 therein may include level-one power splitter and multiple second levels
Power splitter；The input terminal of level-one work point device is the input terminal of first power splitter, multiple output ends difference of level-one power splitter
The input terminal of multiple second level power splitters is connected, multiple output ends of multiple second level power splitters are the multiple defeated of first power splitter
Outlet.Cascade two power splitters make configurable maximum distal element number bigger, and system configuration is more flexible.Preferably,
The level-one power splitter is one point of four power splitter, and the second level power splitter is one point of 16 power splitter, second level power splitter and one point
The output end of four power splitters is correspondingly connected with, that is, has 4 second level power splitters.The maximum quantity of i.e. configurable distal end reaches 64.It is preferred that
Ground, can match second level power splitter working quantity be 1 to 4 in any amount, then can configure distal end maximum quantity it is optional
It is 16/32/48/64.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present invention also provides the proximal end unit functional module framework of processing uplink signal.Specifically, closely
End unit except include information source access interface, proximal end optical interface and proximal end multiplexer 1 in addition to, further include multiple second photoelectric converters and
First combiner.
The input terminal of the multiple second photoelectric converter is correspondingly connected with the multiple proximal end optical interface；Described first closes
Multiple input terminals of road device and the output end of the multiple second photoelectric converter are correspondingly connected with, the output of first combiner
End is connect with the uplink input end of the proximal end multiplexer；
Second photoelectric converter is used for the second optical signal that will receive and is converted to the second upstream radio-frequency signal, and from
The output end of second photoelectric converter emits second upstream radio-frequency signal；
First combiner is used to synthesize second upstream radio-frequency signal radiofrequency signal all the way, and is combined from first
The output end output radiofrequency signal all the way of device；
The proximal end multiplexer is also used to filtering the radiofrequency signal all the way into the radiofrequency signal for being divided into multiple frequency ranges, from institute
The multiple output ends for stating the first power splitter emit the radiofrequency signal of the multiple frequency range respectively.
Further, first combiner includes multiple level-one combiners and second level combiner, the level-one combiner
Multiple input terminals be first combiner multiple input terminals, the multiple level-one combiner output end connection described two
Multiple input terminals of grade combiner, the output end of the second level combiner are the output end of first combiner.
Further, the level-one combiner is ten six directions, one combiner, and the second level combiner is four-in-one combiner.
It is the structural schematic diagram of another proximal end unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 3.The present embodiment with
The electric light converter that the difference of above-described embodiment is that second level power splitter is connect with the output end of second level power splitter is encapsulated in light
In electric converting unit, the first power splitter only includes level-one power splitter, and photoelectric conversion unit further includes gain adjustment module and amplification
Device, reference can be made to the structural schematic diagram of the photoelectric conversion unit shown in Fig. 4.Specifically, in the present embodiment, proximal end unit passes through proximal end
The prevention at radio-frequency port of the radio frequency interface access information source base station corresponding frequency band of five frequency ranges of multiplexer, and by the downlink chain of five frequency ranges
Road signal filters respectively and synthesizes downlink output radiofrequency signal TX all the way, is sent to the first function point/combiner, the first function point/combining
Downlink radio frequency signal is separated into 4 road downlink radio frequency signals by the level-one power splitter in device, is given 4 photoelectricity respectively and is turned
Change unit (1-4 can be matched).Downlink radio frequency signal is distributed into 16 tunnels by second level power splitter by photoelectric conversion unit
Downlink radio frequency signal passes through after every road downlink radio frequency signal is all converted into optical signal individually by electric light converter
Downlink radio frequency signal is transferred to far-end unit by the optical fiber of optical interface connection.Each photoelectric conversion unit has 16 optical fiber
Mouthful, the configuration quantity of optical conversion element is 1-4, therefore proximal end unit can access most according to the quantity of the photoelectric conversion unit of configuration
More 16/32/48/64 far-end unit.
Proximal end unit, the every optical signal all the way from far-end unit that will be received by the optical interface of photoelectric conversion unit
It is converted into radiofrequency signal i.e. uplink radio frequency signal respectively, each photoelectric conversion unit there are 16 optical interfaces that can at most access
16 far-end units at most can receive the uplink signal from most 16 far-end units, the conversion of this 16 road signal
Individually to amplify after upstream radio-frequency signal by level-one combiner, after gain adjustment combining be sent to the at 1 road upstream radio-frequency signal
Second level combiner in one work point/combiner.Each proximal end unit can match 1-4 photoelectric conversion unit.Second level combiner
It will be combined from most 4 roads upstream radio-frequency signal of photoelectric conversion unit (1-4 can be matched) into uplink radio frequency all the way
Signal RX is sent to proximal end multiplexer, filters and shunt to the correspondence prevention at radio-frequency port of five frequency ranges by frequency range through proximal end multiplexer, most
The uplink radio frequency signal of five frequency ranges is sent to the information source base station of corresponding frequency band at last.
Proximal end unit passes through proximal end multiplexer 2, extension function point/combiner, photoelectric conversion unit 2-1 to photoelectric conversion unit
2-4 (can match 1 to 4 according to actual needs) etc. carrys out enhanced processing another way radiofrequency signal, realizes multiple-input, multiple-output (2x2MIMO)
Function.
First function of proximal end unit point/between combiner and each photoelectric conversion unit, all connected by 485 communication interfaces
It connects, to realize corresponding monitoring function.
Proximal end unit connect with each far-end unit by optical fiber, and while transmitting radio frequency signal, realization is to each distal end
The monitoring function of unit: configuration work parameter, monitoring duty etc..
Preferably, referring to the far-end unit structural schematic diagram of Fig. 5, the embodiment of the present invention also provides the specific knot of far-end unit
Structure.Far-end unit further includes the first photoelectric converter, the first height frequency combiner, in addition to distal end optical interface and antennal interface
One high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 51, the first low frequency processing module 52 and distal end multiplexer；
The input terminal of first photoelectric converter connects the distal end optical interface, the first height frequency combiner it is defeated
Enter the output end that end connects first photoelectric converter, the output end connection first of the first height frequency combiner is high
The another output of the input terminal of frequency processing module 51, the first height frequency combiner connects the defeated of the first low frequency processing module 52
Enter end, the output end of the first high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 51 connects the high frequency downlink input terminal of the distal end multiplexer, at the first low frequency
The output end of reason module 52 connects the low frequency downlink input terminal of the distal end multiplexer；The downlink output end of the distal end multiplexer
Connect the antennal interface.
The first optical signal that first photoelectric converter is used to receive input terminal is converted to the second downlink radio frequency letter
Number, and emit second downlink radio-frequency signal from the output end of first photoelectric converter；
The first height frequency combiner be used for by second downlink radio-frequency signal be divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and
Low frequency downlink signal, and export the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink signal；
The high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 51 is used to the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal is handled and be exported the processing height
Frequency downlink radio-frequency signal；
The low frequency processing module 52 is used to that the low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal to be handled and be exported that treated is low
Frequency downlink radio-frequency signal；
The signal synthesis one that the distal end multiplexer is used to receive high frequency downlink input terminal and low frequency downlink input terminal
Road emits radiofrequency signal, and emits the transmitting radiofrequency signal from the downlink output end.
Preferably, the first high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and the first low frequency processing module include amplifier, gain adjustment mould
Block, filter module and ultra wide band power amplifier unit.
Preferably, the far-end unit further includes sequentially connected amplifier and gain adjustment module, described to be sequentially connected
Amplifier and gain adjustment module be connected to the output end and the first height frequency combiner of first photoelectric converter
Input terminal between.
Preferably, the distal end multiplexer include a cavity, first photoelectric converter, the first height frequency combiner,
High-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module are integrated in the cavity of the distal end multiplexer.The distal end multiplexer of far-end unit
By the radio frequency shielding structure and distal end multiplexing of photoelectric converter, height frequency combiner, high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module
Filtering/combining/branch function of device itself is integrated together, does not use common radio frequency unit shielding box, and using distally
The cavity body structure of multiplexer carries out the natural heat dissipation of equipment, and active circuit and distal end multiplexer are highly integrated, in combination with this hair
Active circuit merging treatment design in bright has finally achieved far-end unit (RU) while realizing low-power consumption and low cost
Volume miniaturization.
The working principle of said distal ends unit is that the first photoelectric converter of far-end unit connects proximal end by optical interface
Optical signal from proximal end unit is converted into the second downlink radio-frequency signal by unit, by amplification, after gain adjustment, by the
Downlink radio frequency signal is divided into low-frequency range downlink radio frequency signal to one height frequency combiner and high band downlink is penetrated
Frequency signal respectively amplifies, gain adjustment, after the processing such as filtering, is sent to low-frequency range power amplifier unit and high band power amplifier respectively
Unit may amplify the signal to the output power that covering requires, and be sent to the low frequency downlink input terminal TX_L and height of distal end multiplexer respectively
Frequency downlink input terminal TX_H launches downlink radio frequency signal eventually by antenna opening after the combining of distal end multiplexer.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present invention also provides the far-end unit functional module embodiment of processing uplink signal.Referring to figure
5, specifically, the far-end unit further includes the second electric light converter, the second height frequency combiner, in addition to the multiplexer of distal end
Two high-frequency therapeutic treatment modules 62 and the second low frequency processing module 61.
The uplink input end and downlink output end of the distal end multiplexer are the same ports, for connecting antennal interface.
The input terminal of the second high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 62 connects the high frequency upstream output end of the distal end multiplexer, second low frequency
The input terminal of processing module 61 connects the low frequency uplink output end of the distal end multiplexer, and the one of the second height frequency combiner
A input terminal connects the output end of the second high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 62, another input terminal of the second height frequency combiner
Connect the output end of the second low frequency processing module 61, the output end connection of the second height frequency combiner second electricity
The output end of the input terminal of photoconverter, second electric light converter connects the distal end optical interface.
The distal end multiplexer is also used to receive terminal radio frequency signal by the antennal interface, believes the terminal radio frequency
It number is filtered to obtain high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal, respectively from the high frequency upstream output end and low
Frequency uplink output end exports the high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal；
The second high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 62 is for handling the high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal；
The second low frequency processing module 61 is for handling the high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal；
The second height frequency combiner is used for will treated the high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency
Signal synthesizes the first upstream radio-frequency signal all the way, and exports first upstream radio-frequency signal from output end；
Second electric light converter is used to first upstream radio-frequency signal being converted to the second optical signal, by described
Distal end optical interface exports second optical signal.
Preferably, the second high-frequency therapeutic treatment module 62 and the second low frequency processing module 61 include amplifier, gain tune
Save module and filter module.Wherein, the amplifier is low noise amplifier.
Preferably, second electric light converter, the second height frequency combiner, the second high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and the second low frequency
Processing module is integrated in the cavity body structure of the distal end multiplexer.The distal end multiplexer of far-end unit by electric light converter,
The filtering of height frequency combiner, the radio frequency shielding structure of high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module and distal end multiplexer itself/
Combining/branch function is integrated together, does not use common radio frequency unit shielding box, and the cavity knot of utilization distal end multiplexer
Structure carries out the natural heat dissipation of equipment, and active circuit and distal end multiplexer are highly integrated, in combination with the active circuit in the present invention
Merging treatment design has finally achieved the volume miniaturization of far-end unit (RU) while realizing low-power consumption and low cost.
The working principle of said distal ends unit is: far-end unit passes through the terminal radio frequency signal that distal end multiplexer will receive
After (such as mobile phone send vision signal) i.e. uplink radio frequency signal is by frequency range filtering, by uplink radio frequency signal from low
Frequency uplink output end RX_L and high frequency upstream output end RX_H, is sent to the low frequency of high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module respectively
Uplink low noise interface and high frequency upstream low noise interface, respectively after amplification, gain adjustment, filtering processing, then pass through height
Low frequency combiner synthesizes uplink radio frequency signal all the way, is converted into the second optical signal by electro-optical conversion circuit, is connect by light
The optical fiber of mouth connection, is transferred to proximal end unit for uplink radio frequency signal.
It is the implementation method of single-input single-output (SISO) far-end unit above, increases a set of distal end multiplexing in the same way
Device, low-and high-frequency processing module, height frequency combiner, photoelectric converter and electric light converter, it will be able to realize multiple-input, multiple-output
(2x2MIMO) far-end unit, as shown in Figure 6.
In the present invention, following improvement has been carried out to the prior art,
(1) active circuit merging treatment
The active circuit of proximal end unit, uplink has only been used in ten radio-frequency channels to the uplink/downlink of five frequency ranges in total
Two radio-frequency channels carry out the amplification of radiofrequency signal, gain tune in total all the way with downlink radio frequency channel all the way for radio-frequency channel
The processing such as section, filtering.Five frequency ranges of far-end unit equally have ten radio-frequency channels, and the active circuit of far-end unit is by uplink
The radiofrequency signal combining on road amplifies at two-way uplink radio frequency signal, gain adjustment, filtering etc. are handled and used
Broadband low noise discharge technique amplifies the combining of downlink radio frequency signal at two-way downlink radio frequency signal, gain tune
Section, filtering etc. handle and have used ultra wide band power amplifier technology.Processing greatly simplifies circuit in this way, reduces power consumption, is remote
The Key technology scheme of end unit reduction volume.
(2) far-end unit volume minimizes
In the present invention, the distal end multiplexer of far-end unit is by Transmit Receive Unit, low-frequency range power amplifier unit, high band power amplifier
The radio frequency shielding structure of unit and filtering/combining/branch function of distal end multiplexer itself are integrated together, not with normal
Radio frequency unit shielding box, and carry out using the cavity body structure of distal end multiplexer the natural heat dissipation of equipment, active circuit and remote
It holds multiplexer highly integrated, is designed in combination with the active circuit merging treatment in the present invention, realizing low-power consumption and low cost
While, finally achieve the volume miniaturization of far-end unit.
(3) full bandwidth of operation
In the present invention, all passive component/devices of proximal end unit and far-end unit include multiplexer and active cell electricity
Various filter/combiners inside road, are all satisfied the full bandwidth of operation of five frequency ranges, and all active circuits all use broadband electric
Road, therefore a kind of five frequencies multimode full bandwidth optical fiber distribution system provided by the invention, meet the full bandwidth of operation work of five frequency ranges
Make, and can satisfy all properties index request of 2G/3G/4G work, and support to be smoothly transitted into 5G work, five can be accessed
The wireless signal of the FDD system of all mobile operator of a frequency range, carry out wireless coverage, meet build together, energy conservation and environmental protection
Development trend.
In conclusion the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, proximal end unit can access the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges, to more
After the radiofrequency signal of a frequency range is combined, multiple far-end units are distributed in the form of optical signal, in far-end unit by downlink
Link radio frequency signals are divided into low-and high-frequency two-way radiofrequency signal and are handled, and correspondingly, believe uplink radio frequency in far-end unit
Number combining at optical signal all the way, be transmitted to after the unit of proximal end through photoelectric conversion and filtering, be divided into the radiofrequency signal of different frequency range simultaneously
Be sent to corresponding information source, realize multiple frequency ranges signal processing and active circuit merge, the multiple frequency ranges of proximal end unit it is more
A uplink, downlink radio frequency channel are merged into data feedback channel all the way and down going channel carries out the processing of radiofrequency signal all the way, and distal end is single
Uplink, downlink radio-frequency signal channel have also also been combined by the active circuit of member respectively to be led at two-way data feedback channel and two-way downlink
Road greatly simplifies circuit, supports full bandwidth of operation, has and configures the advantages such as flexible, small in size, at low cost.
The present invention realizes all or part of function or method for transmitting signals in above-described embodiment, can pass through computer journey
Sequence is completed to instruct relevant hardware, which instructs relevant hardware realization above-mentioned when being executed by processor
The function of each embodiment.Wherein, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be with
For source code form, object identification code form, executable file or certain intermediate forms etc..Computer program can be stored in computer
In readable medium.The computer-readable medium may include: can carry the computer program code any entity or
Device, recording medium, USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, CD, computer storage, read-only memory (ROM, Read-
OnlyMemory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and
Software distribution medium etc..It should be noted that the content that the computer-readable medium includes can be according in jurisdiction
Legislation and the requirement of patent practice carry out increase and decrease appropriate, such as in certain jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, meter
Calculation machine readable medium does not include electric carrier signal and telecommunication signal.
In embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that disclosed system may be implemented in other ways.For example,
The division of the unit or unit, only a kind of logical function partition, there may be another division manner in actual implementation, example
As multiple units or components can be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
Another point, shown or discussed mutual coupling, direct-coupling or communication connection can be through some interfaces, if
Standby or unit indirect coupling or communication connection can be electrical or other forms.
It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that although some embodiments in this include included in other embodiments
Certain features rather than other feature, but the combination of the feature of different embodiments means to be within the scope of the present invention simultaneously
And form different embodiments.For example, in detail in the claims, the one of any of embodiment claimed can be to appoint
The combination of meaning come using.
Note that the above is only a better embodiment of the present invention and the applied technical principle.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, be able to carry out for a person skilled in the art it is various it is apparent variation,
It readjusts and substitutes without departing from protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, although being carried out by above embodiments to the present invention
It is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments only, without departing from the inventive concept, also
It may include more other equivalent embodiments, and the scope of the invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of optical fiber distribution system, which is characterized in that including proximal end unit and multiple far-end units；The proximal end unit includes
Multiple information source connectivity ports and multiple proximal end optical interfaces, the far-end unit include distal end optical interface and antennal interface；
The proximal end unit is used to receive the radiofrequency signal of multiple frequency ranges by the multiple information source connectivity port, will be the multiple
The radiofrequency signal of frequency range is distributed as the first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel after synthesizing radiofrequency signal all the way, by first downlink of multichannel
Radiofrequency signal is converted to the first optical signal of multichannel, exports first light of multichannel respectively by the multiple proximal end optical interface and believes
Number；
The multiple proximal end optical interface passes through the distal end optical interface that optical fiber connects corresponding far-end unit respectively；
The far-end unit is used to receive first optical signal from the distal end optical interface, and first optical signal is converted to
Second downlink radio-frequency signal is divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio frequency is believed by the second downlink radio-frequency signal
Number, the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal are handled respectively, it will be under treated the high frequency
Row radiofrequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal synthesize third downlink radio-frequency signal all the way, by described in antennal interface transmitting
Third downlink radio-frequency signal.
2. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the proximal end unit further includes proximal end multiplexing
Device, the first power splitter and multiple first electric light converters；
Multiple downlink input terminals of the proximal end multiplexer are correspondingly connected with the information source connectivity port, the proximal end multiplexer
Downlink output end is connect with the input terminal of first power splitter, multiple output ends of first power splitter and the multiple the
The input terminal of one electric light converter is correspondingly connected with, and the output end of the multiple first electric light converter connects with the multiple proximal end light
Mouth is correspondingly connected with；
The proximal end multiplexer is used to the radiofrequency signal of the multiple frequency range synthesizing radiofrequency signal all the way；
First power splitter is used to for the radiofrequency signal that the proximal end multiplexer synthesizes to be distributed as the first downlink radio frequency of multichannel letter
Number, emit first downlink radio-frequency signal of multichannel from multiple output ends of first power splitter；
First electric light converter is used for the first downlink radio-frequency signal that will receive and is converted to the first optical signal, and from described
The output end of first electric light converter emits first optical signal.
3. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first power splitter includes level-one power splitter
With multiple second level power splitters；The input terminal of the level-one power splitter is the input terminal of first power splitter, the level-one function point
Multiple output ends of device are separately connected the input terminal of the multiple second level power splitter, multiple outputs of the multiple second level power splitter
End is multiple output ends of first power splitter.
4. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the level-one power splitter is one point of four function point
Device, the second level power splitter are one point of 16 power splitter.
5. optical fiber distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the far-end unit further includes
First photoelectric converter, the first height frequency combiner, high-frequency therapeutic treatment module, low frequency processing module and distal end multiplexer；
The input terminal of first photoelectric converter connects the distal end optical interface, the input terminal of the first height frequency combiner
The output end of first photoelectric converter is connected, an output end of the first height frequency combiner connects the high frequency treatment
The input terminal of module is managed, the another output of the first height frequency combiner connects the input of the low frequency processing module
End, the output end of the high-frequency therapeutic treatment module connect the high frequency downlink input terminal of the distal end multiplexer, and the low frequency handles mould
The output end of block connects the low frequency downlink input terminal of the distal end multiplexer；The downlink output end of the distal end multiplexer connects institute
State antennal interface；
The first optical signal that first photoelectric converter is used to receive input terminal is converted to the second downlink radio-frequency signal, and
Emit second downlink radio-frequency signal from the output end of first photoelectric converter；
The first height frequency combiner is used to second downlink radio-frequency signal being divided into high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency
Downlink radio-frequency signal, and export the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal and low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal；
The high-frequency therapeutic treatment module is used to the high frequency downlink radio-frequency signal is handled and be exported treated high frequency downlink
Radiofrequency signal；
The low frequency processing module is used to the low frequency downlink radio-frequency signal is handled and be exported treated low frequency downlink
Radiofrequency signal；
The signal synthesis that the distal end multiplexer is used to receive high frequency downlink input terminal and low frequency downlink input terminal all the way the
Three downlink radio-frequency signals, and emit the third downlink radio-frequency signal from the downlink output end.
6. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency handle mould
Block includes amplifier, gain adjustment module, filter module and ultra wide band power amplifier unit.
7. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the far-end unit further includes sequentially connected
Amplifier and gain adjustment module, the sequentially connected amplifier and gain adjustment module are connected to first photoelectric conversion
Between the output end of device and the input terminal of the first height frequency combiner.
8. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that first photoelectric converter, the first height
Frequency combiner, high-frequency therapeutic treatment module and low frequency processing module are integrated in the cavity body structure of the distal end multiplexer.
9. optical fiber distribution system according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the radiofrequency signal of the multiple frequency range includes
The radiofrequency signal of 900MHz frequency range, the radiofrequency signal of 1800MHz frequency range, the radiofrequency signal and 2600MHz frequency range of 2100MHz frequency range
Radiofrequency signal, further include the radiofrequency signal of 700MHz frequency range or the radiofrequency signal of 800MHz frequency range.
10. a kind of optical fiber distribution system, which is characterized in that including proximal end unit and multiple far-end units；The proximal end unit packet
Multiple information source connectivity ports and multiple proximal end optical interfaces are included, the far-end unit includes distal end optical interface and antennal interface；
The far-end unit is used to receive the radiofrequency signal of terminal transmission by the antennal interface, penetrates to the terminal transmission
Frequency signal is filtered to obtain high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal, believes respectively the high frequency upstream radio frequency
Number and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal handled, will treated the high frequency upstream radiofrequency signal and low frequency upstream radio-frequency signal
The first upstream radio-frequency signal all the way is synthesized, first upstream radio-frequency signal is converted into the second optical signal, passes through the distal end
Optical interface exports second optical signal；
The distal end optical interface of the multiple far-end unit passes through optical fiber respectively and connects the corresponding proximal end optical interface；
The proximal end unit is used to receive second optical signal by the proximal end optical interface, and second optical signal is converted
For the second upstream radio-frequency signal, multiple frequency ranges will be divided into through filtering after second upstream radio-frequency signal synthesis all the way radiofrequency signal
Radiofrequency signal, by the information source connectivity port export it is corresponding with the frequency range of information source that the information source connectivity port is connected
Radiofrequency signal.
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| CN201811621184.8A CN109639356A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Optical fiber distribution system |
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| CN201811621184.8A CN109639356A (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Optical fiber distribution system |
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| WO2021023268A1 (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-11 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Data transmission method and apparatus, computer device, and storage medium |
| WO2021023054A1 (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-02-11 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | Uplink combination summation method and device, and distributed antenna system |
| CN113301575A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-24 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | Resource allocation method for multiple base stations and radio remote unit |
| CN113872646A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2021-12-31 | 罗森伯格技术有限公司 | Distributed antenna system |
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| WO2023050551A1 (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 京信网络系统股份有限公司 | Remote transmission coverage method and system, and remote unit |
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| WO2022227803A1 (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-11-03 | 罗森伯格技术有限公司 | Remote unit, multi-band distributed system, and signal processing method |
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