CN109633591B - External radiation source radar double-base-distance positioning method under observation station position error - Google Patents

External radiation source radar double-base-distance positioning method under observation station position error Download PDF

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CN109633591B
CN109633591B CN201910048330.0A CN201910048330A CN109633591B CN 109633591 B CN109633591 B CN 109633591B CN 201910048330 A CN201910048330 A CN 201910048330A CN 109633591 B CN109633591 B CN 109633591B
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observation station
target
radiation source
external radiation
double
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CN109633591A (en
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左燕
周夏磊
陈志峰
郭云飞
刘俊
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G01S7/411Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-base-distance positioning method for an external radiation source radar under an observation station position error. According to the obtained double-base-distance measurement information, the intermediate variable is introduced to convert the nonlinear equation into a pseudo-linear equation, and a target position estimation model is established. And designing weight according to the double-base-distance measurement error and the observation station position error, and estimating by adopting an iterative weighted least square method. And then, a correlation least square estimation model is constructed by considering the correlation between the intermediate variable and the target position, and the target position estimation result is improved. The invention introduces auxiliary variables, reasonably converts the nonlinear measurement model into a pseudo-linear estimation model, and reduces the complexity of external radiation source positioning on the premise of ensuring the estimation performance. And optimizing the index weight according to the position error of the observation station and the double-base distance measurement noise design, thereby reducing the influence of the error on the target positioning performance and improving the target position estimation precision. The method and the device have the advantage that the positioning estimation of the target position is more accurate through two steps of iteration.

Description

External radiation source radar double-base-distance positioning method under observation station position error
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of passive positioning of sensors, and particularly relates to a double-base-distance positioning method for an external radiation source radar under an observation station position error.
Background
The external radiation source radar utilizes a third-party non-cooperative signal source (such as a mobile phone communication signal, a television broadcast signal, enemy radar information and the like) as an opportunity radiation source of a target, and receives a signal emitted by a radiation source of the third party scattered by the target through an observation station (a receiving station) to realize the detection and the positioning of the target. Because the external radiation source radar does not emit electromagnetic signals, the external radiation source radar has the advantages of good concealment, strong anti-interference capability, wide monitoring range, low cost and the like. The external radiation source radar system is used as a sensor networking system with a double/multi-base structure, and positioning and tracking of a target are realized through data fusion processing.
In the practical application of an external radiation source radar system, an observation station is often installed on a satellite, an airplane, a naval vessel or a ground vehicle and other moving platforms, the position of the observation station cannot be accurately obtained, and estimation errors exist. Ignoring the sensor position deviation results in degraded target positioning performance. The passive positioning of the target by using the double-base-distance measurement of the external radiation source radar under the condition that the position of the observation station has errors is a key technology for data processing of the external radiation source radar system.
At present, a passive positioning method under the position error of an observation station mainly focuses on the research of the positioning problem of a target radiation source. A Wanding team of the information engineering institute of liberation provides an iterative positioning algorithm based on Taylor series aiming at the positioning problem of a target radiation source under the condition that the position error of an observation station is considered. A K.C.Ho team of the university of Missouri in America provides a two-step weighted least square estimation algorithm aiming at the problem of positioning of a target radiation source under the position error of an observation station. A naval engineering university Chenshaochang team provides an algorithm based on constrained total least square aiming at a target radiation source positioning problem under the condition of sensor position errors. Different from the positioning problem of a target radiation source, the external radiation source radar adopts a double/multiple base structure to obtain double base distance measurement. The target positioning is carried out by utilizing the double base distances, and the nonlinearity degree is increased. At present, most of external radiation source radar double-base-distance positioning problems do not consider the influence of observation station position errors. The invention provides a double-base-distance positioning method of an external radiation source radar under the position error of an observation station.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-base-distance positioning method of an external radiation source radar under an observation station position error, aiming at a multi-transmitting single-receiving external radiation source radar, and considering the influence of the observation station position error on the positioning performance. Constructing an intermediate variable, carrying out pseudo-linearization on a nonlinear double-base-distance equation to construct a linear estimation equation, designing weights according to a double-base-distance measurement error and an observation station position error, and obtaining optimal estimation by adopting an iterative weighted second-most-product estimation method. On the basis, the correlation between the intermediate variable and the target position is considered, and a correlation least square estimation method is designed, so that the target estimation performance is further improved.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, in a multi-shot single-shot external radiation source radar network (M external radiation sources and an observation station), external radiation source signals are reflected to the observation station through a target, and double-base-distance information is obtained;
step 2, introducing an intermediate variable into the double-base-distance measurement model
Figure BDA0001949942380000021
Neglecting the influence of measurement noise and observation station position error, converting the double-base-distance nonlinear equation intoThe equation Z is converted into a pseudo linear equation HX;
and 3, considering the influence of the measurement error and the position error of the observation station on the coefficient matrixes H and Z, extracting the H and Z noise components in the double-base-distance error pseudo-linear equation Z-HX, and constructing a pseudo-linear equation as follows:
1=Z1-H1X1=A1n+B1ΔSr
step 4, designing weights according to the position errors of the observation stations and the double-base distance measurement errors, and obtaining an estimated value of the target position by adopting a weighted least square estimation algorithm:
XWLS=(H1 TW1H1)-1H1 TW1Z1
and 5, on the basis of the estimation result, considering the correlation between the variables to be solved, and improving the estimation value in the step 4 by adopting a correlation least square estimation algorithm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by introducing an intermediate variable, a nonlinear double-base-distance measurement model is reasonably converted into a pseudo-linear estimation model, and a closed analytic solution of target position estimation is obtained.
2. And optimizing the index weight according to the position error of the observation station and the double-base distance measurement noise design, thereby reducing the influence of the error on the target positioning performance and improving the target position estimation precision.
3. And (4) considering the correlation between the intermediate variable and the variable to be solved, designing a correlation weighted least square algorithm, and further reducing the estimation error.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention designs an external radiation source radar double-base-distance positioning method under the position error of an observation station, which is used for positioning a target in a radar network system of an external radiation source by using double-base-distance information obtained by the observation station and comprises the following steps:
step 1: in the multi-emission single-emission external radiation source radar network, M external radiation sources and an observation station are included. The real position of the observation station is located at the origin
Figure BDA0001949942380000022
Nominal position S of observation stationr=[x0,y0]TThen, then
Figure BDA0001949942380000023
ΔSrIs the position error vector of the observation station and is assumed to be independent white Gaussian zero mean noise with covariance of
Figure BDA0001949942380000031
The m-th emission source has a coordinate vector of
Figure BDA0001949942380000032
P targets, the coordinate vector of the P-th target being
Figure BDA0001949942380000033
A single observation station is used for receiving the difference between a reflection signal of an irradiated target from an external radiation source and a direct wave signal of the external radiation source to obtain double-base-distance information
Figure BDA0001949942380000034
Wherein, | | · | | is an euclidean distance; the number of emission sources is M, and the number of targets is P; u. ofm,pRepresenting the measured double-base distance of the target p by an external radiation source radar system consisting of the emission source m and the observation station; n ism,pExpressing the double-base distance measurement error of the target p measured by the external radiation source radar system consisting of the emission source m and the observation station, assuming nm,pIs independent white Gaussian zero mean noise with covariance of Qn
Step 2: introducing intermediate variables into a double-base-distance measurement model
Figure BDA0001949942380000035
Neglecting the measurement noise nm,pAnd Δ SrThe above nonlinear equation (1) is converted into a pseudo linear equation in the form of
Figure BDA0001949942380000036
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001949942380000037
writing equation (2) in matrix form, as follows
Z=HX(3)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001949942380000038
H=[blkdiag(h(1),…h(P))],
Figure BDA0001949942380000039
obtaining an estimate of a target using a least squares estimate
Figure BDA00019499423800000310
And step 3: and (4) considering the influence of the measurement error and the observation station position error on H and Z, extracting H and Z noise components in the double-base-distance error pseudo-linear equation (3) and constructing a target position pseudo-linear estimation equation. Will be provided with
Figure BDA0001949942380000041
Brought into formula (2) and unfolded to obtain
Figure BDA0001949942380000042
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001949942380000043
Figure BDA0001949942380000044
writing equation (5) in matrix form:
1=Z1-H1X1=A1n+B1ΔSr(6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001949942380000045
H1=[blkdiag(h1(1),…h1(P))],
Figure BDA0001949942380000046
Figure BDA0001949942380000047
n=diag{n1,1… nm,p},
Figure BDA0001949942380000048
and 4, step 4: and designing weights according to the position errors of the observation station and the double-base distance measurement errors, and obtaining an estimated value of the target position by adopting a weighted least square estimation algorithm.
Step 4.1: and (5) initializing. Let the iteration number k be 0, and use the least square estimation value obtained by equation (4) as the target initial estimation value
Figure BDA0001949942380000051
Step 4.2: by
Figure BDA0001949942380000052
Estimated value calculation coefficient matrix H1,Z1,A1And B1. Optimizing index weight according to observation station position error and double-base-distance measurement noise design
Figure BDA0001949942380000053
Step 4.3: let k be k +1, estimate by weighted least squares
Figure BDA0001949942380000054
Obtaining a position estimate of an object
Figure BDA0001949942380000055
And an estimate of the intermediate variable
Figure BDA0001949942380000056
Step 4.4: judgment of
Figure BDA0001949942380000057
And is
Figure BDA0001949942380000058
Wherein eta1And η2Is a threshold value; if the condition algorithm iteration is satisfied and stopped, obtaining the position weighted least square estimation value of the target
Figure BDA0001949942380000059
Otherwise, go to step 4.2.
And 5: taking into account the intermediate variable Rp(k) And target position
Figure BDA00019499423800000510
The correlation between the two is designed, and the estimated value X of the correlation least square algorithm to the step 4 is designedWLSAnd (5) carrying out improvement.
Step 5.1: constructing a correlated least squares estimation model
2=Z2-H2X2=A2ΔX1+B2ΔSr(7)
Wherein, X2=[(x1-x0)2(y1-y0)2… (xP-x0)2(yP-y0)2]T
Figure BDA00019499423800000518
H2=blkdiag(h2(1)…h2(P)),
Figure BDA00019499423800000511
A2=2diag[(x1-x0) (y1-y0) R1… (xP-x0) (yP-y0) RP],
Figure BDA00019499423800000512
Figure BDA00019499423800000513
Figure BDA00019499423800000514
Figure BDA00019499423800000515
Is XWLSX ofp(k) The items are,
Figure BDA00019499423800000516
about XWLSY of (A) to (B)p(k) The items are,
Figure BDA00019499423800000517
about XWLSR of (A) to (B)p(k) An item.
Step 5.2: from observation station position error Δ SrCovariance and target state X1Design weight of covariance of estimated error W2=E[2 2 T]=(A2cov(X1)A2 T+B2QSB2 T)-1
Figure BDA0001949942380000064
Is in a target state X1The estimated error covariance of (2).
Step 5.3: obtaining the estimation value of the target position square term by adopting a weighted least square method estimation calculation method
Figure BDA0001949942380000061
Step 5.4: x2The medium variable is the square term of the difference between the target position and the observation station position, and the position required to obtain the target needs to be X2The root number is as follows:
Figure BDA0001949942380000062
wherein II ═ diag { sgn (X)1(3p-2)-x0)sgn(X1(3p-1)-y0) And } sgn (·) is a sign function.
Finally, the target position estimation under the observation station position error is obtained
Figure BDA0001949942380000063

Claims (1)

1. A double base distance positioning method of an external radiation source radar under observation station position errors is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: in the multi-emission single-emission external radiation source radar network, the multi-emission single-emission external radiation source radar network comprises M external radiation sources and an observation station; the real position of the observation station is located at the origin
Figure FDA0002600416820000011
Nominal position S of observation stationr=[x0,y0]TThen, then
Figure FDA0002600416820000012
ΔSrIs the position error vector of the observation station and is assumed to be independent white Gaussian zero mean noise with covariance of E [ Delta S ]rΔSr T]=QS(ii) a The m < th > external radiation source has a coordinate vector of
Figure FDA0002600416820000013
P targets, the coordinate vector of the P-th target being
Figure FDA0002600416820000014
A single observation station is used for receiving the difference between a reflection signal of an irradiated target from an external radiation source and a direct wave signal of the external radiation source to obtain double-base-distance information
Figure FDA0002600416820000015
Wherein, | | · | | is an euclidean distance; the number of external radiation sources is M, and the number of targets is P; u. ofm,pRepresenting the measured double-base distance of the target p by an external radiation source radar system consisting of an external radiation source m and an observation station; n ism,pExpressing the double-base distance measurement error of the external radiation source radar system formed by the external radiation source m and the observation station to the target p, assuming nm,pIs independent white Gaussian zero mean noise with covariance of Qn
Step 2: introducing intermediate variables into a double-base-distance measurement model
Figure FDA0002600416820000016
Neglecting the measurement noise nm,pAnd Δ SrConverting the non-linear equation (1) into a pseudo-linear equation of the form
Figure FDA0002600416820000017
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002600416820000018
Figure FDA0002600416820000019
writing equation (2) in matrix form, as follows
Z=HX (3)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002600416820000021
H=[blkdiag(h(1),…h(P))],
Figure FDA0002600416820000022
obtaining an estimate of a target using a least squares estimate
Figure FDA0002600416820000023
And step 3: considering the influence of the measurement error and the position error of the observation station on H and Z, extracting H and Z noise components in the double-base-distance error pseudo-linear equation (3) and constructing a target position pseudo-linear estimation equation; will be provided with
Figure FDA0002600416820000024
And
Figure FDA0002600416820000025
brought into formula (2) and unfolded to obtain
Figure FDA0002600416820000026
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002600416820000027
Figure FDA0002600416820000028
writing equation (5) in matrix form:
1=Z1-H1X1=A1n+B1ΔSr(6)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002600416820000031
H1=[blkdiag(h1(1),…h1(P))],
Figure FDA0002600416820000032
Figure FDA0002600416820000033
n=diag{n1,1…nm,p},
Figure FDA0002600416820000034
and 4, step 4: designing weights according to the position errors of the observation station and the double-base distance measurement errors, and obtaining an estimated value of a target position by adopting a weighted least square estimation algorithm;
step 4.1: initializing; let the iteration number k be 0, and use the least square estimation value obtained by equation (4) as the target initial estimation value
Figure FDA0002600416820000035
Step 4.2: by
Figure FDA0002600416820000036
Estimated value calculation coefficient matrix H1,Z1,A1And B1(ii) a Optimizing index weight according to observation station position error and double-base-distance measurement noise design
Figure FDA0002600416820000037
Step 4.3: let k be k +1, estimate by weighted least squares
Figure FDA0002600416820000038
Obtaining a position estimate of an object
Figure FDA0002600416820000039
Regulating stomachEstimate of inter-variables
Figure FDA00026004168200000310
Step 4.4: judgment of
Figure FDA00026004168200000311
And is
Figure FDA00026004168200000312
Wherein eta1And η2Is a threshold value; if the condition algorithm iteration is satisfied and stopped, obtaining the position weighted least square estimation value of the target
Figure FDA00026004168200000313
Otherwise, turning to step 4.2;
and 5: taking into account the intermediate variable Rp(k) And target position
Figure FDA0002600416820000041
The correlation between the two is designed, and the estimated value X of the correlation least square algorithm to the step 4 is designedWLSCarrying out improvement;
step 5.1: constructing a correlated least squares estimation model
2=Z2-H2X2=A2ΔX1+B2ΔSr(7)
Wherein, X2=[(x1-x0)2(y1-y0)2…(xP-x0)2(yP-y0)2]T,Z2=[z2(1)…z2(P)]T
Figure FDA0002600416820000042
H2=blkdiag(h2(1)…h2(P)),
Figure FDA0002600416820000043
A2=2diag[(x1-x0) (y1-y0) R1…(xP-x0) (yP-y0) RP],
Figure FDA0002600416820000044
Figure FDA0002600416820000045
Figure FDA0002600416820000046
Figure FDA0002600416820000047
Is XWLSX ofp(k) The items are,
Figure FDA0002600416820000048
about XWLSY of (A) to (B)p(k) The items are,
Figure FDA0002600416820000049
about XWLSR of (A) to (B)p(k) An item;
step 5.2: from observation station position error Δ SrCovariance and target state X1Design weight of covariance of estimated error W2=E[2 2 T]=(A2cov(X1)A2 T+B2QSB2 T)-1
Figure FDA00026004168200000410
Is in a target state X1The estimated error covariance of (a);
step 5.3: obtaining the estimation value of the target position square term by adopting a weighted least square method estimation calculation method
Figure FDA00026004168200000411
Step 5.4: x2The medium variable is the square term of the difference between the target position and the observation station position, and the position required to obtain the target needs to be X2The root number is as follows:
Figure FDA00026004168200000412
wherein, ii ═ diag { sgn (X)1(3p-2)-x0) sgn(X1(3p-1)-y0) -sgn (·) is a sign function;
finally, the target position estimation under the observation station position error is obtained
Figure FDA0002600416820000051
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