CN109633495B - Grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, preparation method and distributed measurement system based on grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor - Google Patents
Grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, preparation method and distributed measurement system based on grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109633495B CN109633495B CN201811603254.7A CN201811603254A CN109633495B CN 109633495 B CN109633495 B CN 109633495B CN 201811603254 A CN201811603254 A CN 201811603254A CN 109633495 B CN109633495 B CN 109633495B
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- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R33/0327—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect with application of magnetostriction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, a preparation method and a distributed measurement system based on the grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensors. The device comprises four parts, namely a magnetic field measurement grating, a temperature compensation grating, magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles and an epoxy resin matrix. The magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles are distributed in a certain orientation in the epoxy resin matrix, so that the deformation epsilon of the magnetostrictive material along the direction of a magnetic field is more concentrated, the strain transmission loss is smaller by adopting a metallized nickel layer, and the abnormal heat generated by the magnetostrictive material due to hysteresis loss and eddy current loss can be effectively reduced in the particle form, so that the sensitivity of the sensor is integrally improved. The sensor of the invention effectively solves the problem of temperature compensation and improves the sensitivity of the sensor; meanwhile, the problem of connection between the optical fiber and the epoxy resin is solved, the stability of the sensor is improved, the service life of the sensor is prolonged, the size is small, and high-precision measurement can be easily completed in a small space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, and relates to a grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, a preparation method and a distributed measurement system based on the grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization and industry in China, the quality and level of life of people are continuously improved, people seek healthy working and living environments, so that in recent years, attention is paid to measurement and protection of weak electromagnetic fields, keywords such as electromagnetic pollution appear in the public vision, and people who work for a long time or live near high-voltage transmission lines, high-voltage transformer substations and the like are deeply influenced. A large amount of research data show that the power frequency weak electromagnetic field has adverse effects on human health and psychology, the opening inertia and the stimulated sensitivity of a cell membrane information channel are reduced along with the increase of the frequency of an external electromagnetic field, and induced current caused by the external magnetic field in a human body can stimulate nerve tissue cells. This is a hazard of weak electromagnetic fields to human bodies.
Patent CN201410019718 discloses a fiber grating space magnetic field intensity sensor based on magnetostrictive materials, which is based on the principle that three mutually orthogonal magnetostrictive materials are provided in a sensor housing, and three fiber gratings are respectively fixed on the sensor housing through fiber bumps to respectively measure space three-dimensional magnetic field intensity vector components. The device has the characteristics of monitoring the space magnetic field intensity vector in real time through magnetostrictive materials in three directions and fiber gratings fixed on the magnetostrictive materials, but the size of the sensor is increased due to the characteristics, and the sensor obtains a larger magnetostrictive coefficient by adopting a Terfenol-D material, but the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss of the Terfenol-D are large when the Terfenol-D is in a dynamic state, so that the temperature rise is serious, the sensitivity of the sensor is influenced by overlarge thermal deformation, particularly, the sensor needs to work under the influence of continuous change of external factors such as environmental temperature, and the influence of the temperature cannot be eliminated, and the sensitivity of measured data is poor. Meanwhile, as a magnetic field sensor for real-time monitoring, the precision and service life of the sensor are directly influenced by the fixing mode of the fiber bragg grating, and the sensor adopts the traditional fiber bragg grating, so that the sensitivity is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, a preparation method and a distributed measurement system based on the grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation is characterized by comprising an epoxy resin matrix, an optical fiber, a magnetic field measurement grating and a temperature compensation grating;
the epoxy resin matrix consists of high-modulus epoxy resin and low-modulus epoxy resin cured in the high-modulus epoxy resin, and a gate region for placing the grating is formed in a low-modulus epoxy resin region; a plurality of oriented magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles are distributed in the high-modulus epoxy resin;
the optical fiber is characterized in that a metalized nickel layer and a through hole which are parallel to each other are longitudinally arranged in an epoxy resin matrix, the optical fiber penetrates into the epoxy resin matrix from one end of the metalized nickel layer, penetrates out of the epoxy resin matrix from the other end of the metalized nickel layer, penetrates into the epoxy resin matrix from one end of the through hole and penetrates out of the epoxy resin matrix from the other end of the through hole;
the magnetic field measurement grating of the optical fiber is arranged at the grid region in the metallized nickel layer, the temperature compensation grating of the optical fiber is arranged at the grid region in the through hole, and the grid region bearing the magnetic field measurement grating and the grid region bearing the temperature compensation grating are parallel and are positioned at the same cross section position.
Preferably, the metallized nickel layer is composed of a nickel plated layer and a nickel tube laser welded to the outside thereof.
Preferably, the surface of the nickel tube is a sawtooth-shaped concave-convex structure, and two ends of the magnetic field measurement grating are connected with the nickel tube in a welding mode after being subjected to metallization processing.
Preferably, the magnetic field measurement grating and the temperature compensation grating are micro-nano fiber gratings which are subjected to corrosion treatment, and the diameters of the micro-nano fiber gratings are 20-40 micrometers.
Preferably, the grating deformation is measured by adding a high molecular substance to the low modulus epoxy resin to ensure that the elastic modulus is sufficiently small without binding the magnetic field.
Preferably, the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles are prepared by grinding and screening a Terfenol-D bar material which is a giant magnetostrictive material.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with the temperature compensation, which comprises the following steps:
1) placing a magnetic field measurement grating of an optical fiber on the axis of a cylindrical mold and tensioning, inserting two baffles in the middle of the cylindrical mold, and forming a gate region between the two baffles;
2) uniformly stirring the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles and high-modulus epoxy resin to obtain a high-modulus epoxy resin mixture, pouring the mixture into a cylindrical mold for curing, and applying a certain magnetic field to two end faces of the cylindrical mold in the curing process to ensure that the distribution of the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles in the high-modulus epoxy resin has certain orientation;
3) when the high-modulus epoxy resin is about to be cured in the cylindrical mold, the baffle is taken out, and meanwhile, the low-modulus epoxy resin is added, so that the curing connection of the high-modulus epoxy resin and the low-modulus epoxy resin is realized, the low-modulus epoxy resin is wrapped outside the gate region, and the high-modulus epoxy resin mixtures at the two ends of the low-modulus epoxy resin are connected together;
4) the metallized nickel layer is prepared by adopting a chemical nickel plating method, the nickel plated layer is welded with the nickel tube by laser welding, and the magnetic field measurement grating of the optical fiber is arranged in a gate region of the metallized nickel layer;
5) and in the curing process, inserting the cylindrical rod into the cylindrical mold, taking out the cylindrical rod after curing is finished to form a through hole, putting the temperature compensation grating of the optical fiber into the through hole, and ensuring that the two grating regions are parallel and are at the same cross section position.
The invention also discloses a distributed measurement system comprising the grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, which comprises an optical fiber demodulator, wherein a plurality of ports on the optical fiber demodulator are respectively connected with an optical fiber, and a plurality of grating optical fiber magnetic field sensors with temperature compensation are connected in series on each optical fiber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation, which comprises a magnetic field measurement grating, a temperature compensation grating, magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles and an epoxy resin matrix. The magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles are distributed in the epoxy resin matrix in a certain orientation mode, so that the deformation epsilon of the magnetostrictive material along the magnetic field direction is more concentrated, the stretching effect of the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles in the orientation direction is maximum, the magnetic field measurement grating is arranged on the optical fiber at the grid region where the metalized nickel layer is located, the temperature compensation grating is arranged on the optical fiber at the grid region where the through hole is located, the metalized nickel layer is adopted to enable the strain transfer loss to be smaller, and the particle form of the magnetostrictive material can be effectively reduced, and the sensitivity of the sensor is integrally improved due to the generation of abnormal heat caused by hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Therefore, the sensor effectively solves the problem of temperature compensation and improves the sensitivity of the sensor; meanwhile, the problem of connection between the optical fiber and the epoxy resin is solved, the stability of the sensor is improved, the service life of the sensor is prolonged, the size is small, and high-precision measurement can be easily completed in a small space.
Furthermore, the optical fibers at two ends of the grating in the sensing probe are metalized, and the metalized optical fibers are welded with the metal pipes with concave and convex surfaces through laser welding, so that relative sliding between the resin and the nickel pipe outside is avoided, the magnetostrictive deformation can be transmitted to the grating of the optical fibers with less loss, the connection of the optical fibers is strengthened, and the telescopic strain is transmitted to the magnetic field measurement grating more accurately.
Furthermore, in order to enhance the sensitivity of the fiber bragg grating to the magnetostrictive effect, the magnetic field measurement grating and the temperature compensation grating adopt a micro-nano fiber bragg grating which is subjected to corrosion treatment, and the diameter of the micro-nano fiber bragg grating is 20-40 micrometers.
Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the low-modulus epoxy resin can be changed by adding a high polymer, so that the elastic modulus is small enough to ensure that the deformation of the magnetic field measurement grating is not bound, and the grating can be better protected.
The distributed measurement system based on the sensor can realize distributed measurement in a mode of connecting a plurality of sensors in series, has simple structural design, convenient use and high spatial sensitivity, and can be used for measuring magnetic fields in different environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a fiber grating magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a system diagram of distributed measurement according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-high modulus epoxy resin, 2-low modulus epoxy resin, 3-optical fiber, 4-nickel plating layer, 5-nickel tube, 6-magnetic field measurement grating, 7-temperature compensation grating, 8-magnetostriction Terfenol-D particle, 9-through hole, 10-optical fiber demodulator, and 11-optical fiber grating magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, a grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation comprises an epoxy resin matrix, an optical fiber 3, a magnetic field measurement grating 6 and a temperature compensation grating 7;
the device comprises an epoxy resin matrix, an optical fiber 3, a magnetic field measurement grating 6 and a temperature compensation grating 7;
the epoxy resin matrix consists of high-modulus epoxy resin 1 and low-modulus epoxy resin 2 cured in the high-modulus epoxy resin 1, and a gate region for placing a grating is formed in a low-modulus epoxy resin region; a plurality of oriented magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles 8 are distributed in the high-modulus epoxy resin 1;
in the epoxy resin matrix, a metalized nickel layer and a through hole 9 which are parallel to each other are longitudinally arranged, the optical fiber 3 penetrates into the epoxy resin matrix from one end of the metalized nickel layer, penetrates out of the epoxy resin matrix from the other end of the metalized nickel layer, penetrates into the epoxy resin matrix from one end of the through hole 9 and penetrates out of the epoxy resin matrix from the other end of the through hole 9;
the magnetic field measurement grating 6 of the optical fiber 3 is arranged at the grid region in the metallized nickel layer, the temperature compensation grating 7 of the optical fiber 3 is arranged at the grid region in the through hole 9, and the grid region for bearing the magnetic field measurement grating 6 and the grid region for bearing the temperature compensation grating 7 are parallel and are positioned at the same cross section position.
The metallized nickel layer comprises nickel plating layer 4 and nickel pipe 5 laser-welded in its outside, and nickel pipe 5 is the surface and is the concave-convex form, and magnetic field measurement grating 6's both ends are through metallization, then link to each other with the nickel pipe 5 welding that the surface is the concave-convex form, strengthen the connection of optic fibre to guarantee that flexible meeting an emergency more accurately transmits magnetic field measurement grating 6 on.
The elastic modulus of the low-modulus epoxy resin 2 can be changed by adding a high polymer, so that the elastic modulus is small enough to ensure that the deformation of the magnetic field measurement grating 6 is not bound, and the grating can be better protected.
Preferably, in order to enhance the sensitivity of the fiber grating to the magnetostrictive effect reaction, the magnetic field measurement grating 6 and the temperature compensation grating 7 are micro-nano fiber gratings which are subjected to corrosion treatment, and the diameter of the micro-nano fiber gratings is 20-40 μm.
Preferably, the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles 8 are prepared by grinding a Terfenol-D bar material which is a giant magnetostrictive material, and filtering the ground material by a sieve.
The grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with the temperature compensation comprises the following manufacturing processes:
1) placing the magnetic field measurement grating 6 of the optical fiber 3 on the axis of a cylindrical mold and tensioning, inserting two baffles in the middle of the cylindrical mold, and forming a grating region between the two baffles;
2) uniformly stirring the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles 8 and the high-modulus epoxy resin 1 to obtain a high-modulus epoxy resin mixture, pouring the mixture into a cylindrical mold for curing, applying a certain magnetic field on two end faces of the cylindrical mold in the curing process, and arranging the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles 8 along a certain direction under the action of the magnetic field to have certain orientation.
3) When the high-modulus epoxy resin 1 is about to be cured in the cylindrical mold, the baffle is taken out, and meanwhile, the low-modulus epoxy resin 2 is added, so that the curing connection of the high-modulus epoxy resin 1 and the low-modulus epoxy resin 2 is realized, the low-modulus epoxy resin 2 is wrapped outside the gate region, and the high-modulus epoxy resin mixtures at the two ends of the low-modulus epoxy resin are connected together;
4) the metallized nickel layer is prepared by adopting a chemical nickel plating method, the nickel plated layer 4 is welded with the nickel tube 5 by laser welding, and the magnetic field measurement grating 6 of the optical fiber 3 is arranged in a gate region of the metallized nickel layer;
5) during the curing process, the cylindrical rod is inserted into the cylindrical mold, the cylindrical rod is taken out after the curing is finished to form the through hole 9, the temperature compensation grating 7 of the optical fiber 3 is placed into the through hole 9, and the two grating regions are parallel and are at the same cross section position, so that the temperature compensation is accurate and effective.
The specific measurement principle and process of the invention are as follows:
the fiber grating is a structure which makes the fiber core form permanent change of refractive index along the axial non-periodicity or periodicity by utilizing the ultraviolet photosensitive characteristic of the fiber material and the interaction of external incident photons and doped particles in the fiber core under the space periodic irradiation of strong ultraviolet laser, thereby forming the space phase grating. According to the theory of fiber coupling mode, the central wavelength of the reflected wave of the fiber grating satisfies the following equation:
λB＝2neffΛ；
in the formula: lambda [ alpha ]BFor the Bragg wavelength of the fibre, neffAnd lambda is the equivalent refractive index of the fiber core, and lambda is the grating period.
Therefore, as can be seen from the above formula, when the fiber grating senses strain, the grating period changes, and the refractive index of the grating is affected by the elasto-optical effect of the grating itself, so the shift of the central wavelength of the grating fiber caused by the stress strain can be seen in the following formula:
ΔλBg＝Δε×λB×(1-Pe)＝KεΔε
in the formula: delta lambdaBgFor strain-induced variation of the central wavelength, PeIs the coefficient of elasticity, KεIs strain sensitivity.
When the fiber grating senses the temperature change, the central wavelength shift of the fiber grating reflected light caused by the thermal expansion effect and the thermo-optic effect is as follows:
ΔλBt＝ΔT×λB×(α+ζ)＝KTΔT
in the formula: delta lambdaBtFor the amount of change in the center wavelength due to strain, α is the thermal expansion coefficient, ζ is the thermo-optic coefficient, and KTIs strain sensitivity.
The influence of external strain and temperature excitation on the central wavelength of the fiber grating is as follows:
the fiber grating of the temperature compensation part is not affected by strain, so the central wavelength of the reflected wave of the temperature compensation fiber grating only changes along with the temperature, namely the formula can be simplified as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and
can be directly measured by a fiber grating demodulator;
the fixed value of each fiber grating;
can be measured by experiments. Therefore, according to the two formulas, the delta T and the delta epsilon can be solved, so that the temperature compensation is realized, and the influence of the temperature on the strain measurement is eliminated.
In the measuring process, under the action of the external magnetic field intensity, the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles 8 in the high-modulus epoxy resin 1 generate a stretching effect, which shows that the high-modulus epoxy resin 1 generates accumulated effective strain on the whole, and the strain is accurately transmitted to the magnetic field measuring grating 6 through the nickel tube 5, so that the central wavelength of the fiber grating is changed. The temperature compensation grating 7 is arranged in the through holes 9 in the high-modulus epoxy resin 1 and the low-modulus epoxy resin 2, and cannot be affected by strain, so that the temperature compensation function can be realized.
Referring to fig. 2, a distributed measurement system includes an optical fiber demodulator 10, four ports of the optical fiber demodulator 10 can be connected with four optical fibers 3, each optical fiber 3 can be connected in series with a plurality of grating optical fiber magnetic field sensors 11 with temperature compensation designed in the present invention, and distributed multi-point measurement can be easily realized.
Preferably, the grating fiber magnetic field sensor 11 with temperature compensation connected in series on each fiber 3 can be placed according to the point to be measured.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation is characterized by comprising an epoxy resin matrix, an optical fiber (3), a magnetic field measurement grating (6) and a temperature compensation grating (7);
the epoxy resin matrix consists of high-modulus epoxy resin (1) and low-modulus epoxy resin (2) cured in the high-modulus epoxy resin, and a grid region for placing a grating is formed in a low-modulus epoxy resin region; a plurality of oriented magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles (8) are arranged in the high-modulus epoxy resin (1);
in the epoxy resin matrix, a metalized nickel layer and a through hole (9) which are parallel to each other are longitudinally arranged, the optical fiber (3) penetrates into the epoxy resin matrix from one end of the metalized nickel layer, penetrates out of the epoxy resin matrix from the other end of the metalized nickel layer, penetrates into the epoxy resin matrix from one end of the through hole (9), and penetrates out of the epoxy resin matrix from the other end of the through hole (9);
the magnetic field measurement grating (6) of the optical fiber (3) is arranged at a grid region in the metallized nickel layer, the temperature compensation grating (7) of the optical fiber (3) is arranged at a grid region in the through hole (9), and the grid region bearing the magnetic field measurement grating (6) and the grid region bearing the temperature compensation grating (7) are parallel and are positioned at the same cross section position.
2. Temperature-compensated grating fiber-optic magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallized nickel layer consists of a nickel-plated layer (4) and a nickel tube (5) laser-welded to its exterior.
3. The grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation according to claim 2, wherein the surface of the nickel tube (5) is of a sawtooth-shaped concave-convex structure, and two ends of the magnetic field measurement grating (6) are connected with the nickel tube (5) in a welding mode after being metalized.
4. The grating fiber optic magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measurement grating (6) and the temperature compensation grating (7) are micro-nano fiber gratings which are processed by corrosion and have a diameter of 20-40 μm.
5. Temperature-compensated grating fiber-optic magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation of the magnetic field measurement grating (6) is ensured by adding a high molecular substance in the low modulus epoxy resin (2) to ensure that the elastic modulus is sufficiently small without binding.
6. The grating fiber optic magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles (8) are made of a super magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D rod material by grinding and sieving.
7. The method for preparing the grating optical fiber magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing a magnetic field measurement grating (6) of an optical fiber (3) on the axis of a cylindrical mold and tensioning, inserting two baffles between the cylindrical mold, wherein a grating region is arranged between the two baffles;
2) uniformly stirring the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles (8) and the high-modulus epoxy resin (1) to obtain a high-modulus epoxy resin mixture, pouring the mixture into a cylindrical mold for curing, and applying a certain magnetic field to two end faces of the cylindrical mold in the curing process to ensure that the magnetostrictive Terfenol-D particles (8) have certain orientation in the high-modulus epoxy resin (1);
3) when the high-modulus epoxy resin (1) is about to be cured in the cylindrical mold, the baffle is taken out, and meanwhile, the low-modulus epoxy resin (2) is added, so that the curing connection of the high-modulus epoxy resin (1) and the low-modulus epoxy resin (2) is realized, the low-modulus epoxy resin (2) is wrapped outside the gate region, and the high-modulus epoxy resin mixtures at the two ends of the low-modulus epoxy resin (2) are connected together;
4) the metallized nickel layer is prepared by adopting a chemical nickel plating method, the nickel plated layer (4) is welded with the nickel tube (5) by laser welding, and the magnetic field measurement grating (6) of the optical fiber (3) is arranged in a gate region of the metallized nickel layer;
5) in the curing process, a cylindrical rod is inserted into the cylindrical mold, the cylindrical rod is taken out to form a through hole (9) after the curing is finished, the temperature compensation grating (7) of the optical fiber (3) is placed into the through hole (9), and the two grating regions are parallel and are positioned at the same cross section.
8. The distributed measurement system comprising the grating fiber-optic magnetic field sensor with temperature compensation of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the system comprises a fiber-optic demodulator (10), wherein a plurality of ports on the fiber-optic demodulator (10) are respectively connected with an optical fiber (3), and a plurality of grating fiber-optic magnetic field sensors with temperature compensation are connected in series on each optical fiber (3).
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