CN113465775B - FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor - Google Patents
FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG (fiber Bragg Grating), which comprises a silicon steel sheet substrate, temperature sensitive branches and magnetic field sensitive branches, wherein the temperature sensitive branches and the magnetic field sensitive branches are adjacently arranged, and a plurality of groups of temperature sensitive branches and magnetic field sensitive branches are centrally and symmetrically distributed between two silicon steel sheet substrates; the invention aims to provide a sensor which is resistant to electromagnetic interference, simple in structure and easy to embed parts to form a structure and integrally detect temperature and a magnetic field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to an embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG (fiber Bragg Grating).
Background
The running condition of the motor is closely related to the condition of an insulation system of the motor, and the insulation damage of a stator core and a winding can cause serious motor faults. In the prior art, in order to prevent the motor from being seriously damaged, the state of the motor is generally judged by detecting the trend of related parameters, and the motor can be stopped and repaired in time before the fault condition of the motor is worsened. Then, because the internal structure of the motor is compact, high-frequency electromagnetic field energy conversion and temperature field coupling are involved in the operation process, and the common sensor cannot meet the measurement conditions of the temperature and the magnetic field of the motor due to the volume and the electromagnetic interference, a sensor which is resistant to the electromagnetic interference, simple in structure and easy to embed parts to form a structure integrated detection temperature and magnetic field is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In light of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded FBG-based motor temperature magnetic field sensor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides an embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG which characterized in that: the temperature-sensitive branch and the magnetic field-sensitive branch are adjacently arranged, and a plurality of groups of temperature-sensitive branches and magnetic field-sensitive branches are distributed between the silicon steel sheet matrixes in a centrosymmetric manner;
the temperature sensitive support comprises a first optical fiber, a first welding metal cladding and a first induction metal cladding, the first welding metal cladding is plated on the front section of the first optical fiber, the first induction metal cladding is plated on the rear section of the first optical fiber, the first welding metal cladding is embedded into the silicon steel sheet substrate through welding, the first induction metal cladding is arranged on one side of the first welding metal cladding, the first induction metal cladding is exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet substrate, and a first fiber grating is arranged on the first optical fiber;
the magnetic field sensing branch comprises a second optical fiber, a second welding metal cladding and a second sensing metal cladding, the second welding metal cladding is plated on the front section of the second optical fiber, the second sensing metal cladding is plated on the rear section of the second optical fiber, the second welding metal cladding is embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix through welding, the second sensing metal cladding is arranged on one side of the second welding metal cladding, the second sensing metal cladding is exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet matrix, and a second optical fiber grating is arranged on the second optical fiber.
Further, the first welding metal cladding is made of copper metal, and is coated on the surface of the first optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies and is embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix by welding.
Further, the first sensing metal cladding is made of copper metal and is cladded on the surface of the first optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies, and the first fiber bragg grating in the first sensing metal cladding causes central wavelength drift through a thermal expansion effect so as to detect temperature change.
Further, the second welding metal cladding is made of copper metal, and is coated on the surface of the second optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies and is embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix by welding.
Furthermore, the second sensing metal cladding is made of metal nickel and alloy thereof, and is coated on the surface of the second optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies, and the second fiber grating in the second sensing metal cladding enables the central wavelength to drift through the magnetostrictive effect, so as to detect the change of the magnetic field strength.
Furthermore, a plurality of grooves are cut in one silicon steel sheet substrate, and each temperature sensitive branch and each magnetic field sensitive branch are respectively welded in one groove.
Furthermore, a plurality of groove teeth on the silicon steel sheet substrate are cut off, the grooves are formed in the groove teeth where the silicon steel sheet substrate is cut off, each first welding metal cladding and each second welding metal cladding are respectively welded in one groove, and the first induction metal cladding and the second induction metal cladding are exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet substrate.
Further, the first weld metal clad layer and the second weld metal clad layer have a thickness of 150 to 250 μm.
Furthermore, the thickness of the first induction metal cladding layer and the second induction metal cladding layer is 150-250 mu m, and the length of the first induction metal cladding layer and the second induction metal cladding layer is 4-6 mm.
Further, let the central wavelength of the temperature sensitive branch fiber grating be lambda1The central wavelength of the magnetic field sensitive branch fiber grating is lambda2Then, the central wavelength of the temperature-sensitive branch fiber grating and the magnetic field-sensitive branch fiber grating is changed as follows:
Δλ1＝Kε1Δε1+KT1ΔT
Δλ2＝Kε2Δε2+KT2ΔT
wherein: deltaε1Sensing a strain sensitive coefficient for the temperature sensitive branch; kε2Sensing a strain sensitive coefficient for the magnetic field sensitive branch; kT1Sensing a temperature sensitive coefficient for the temperature sensitive branch; kT2Sensing a temperature sensitive coefficient for the magnetic field sensitive branch; delta epsilon1And Δ ε2Respectively the strain changes of the temperature sensitive branch fiber bragg grating and the magnetic field sensitive branch fiber bragg grating; and delta T is the temperature change of the positions of the temperature sensitive branch and the magnetic field sensitive branch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an embedded temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG, which can detect the temperature and the magnetic field intensity of the end part of a stator winding of a motor in real time on the premise of not disturbing the electromagnetic field of the motor and not influencing the performance of the motor, reflect the actual condition of the end part area of the motor and provide related information for solving the fault problems of magnetic leakage loss, short circuit of the winding and the like of the motor.
2. The invention provides an embedded temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG, wherein an optical fiber with a metal cladding is embedded in a silicon steel sheet of an iron core at the outermost layer of a motor, the temperature magnetic field sensor is designed in an integrated structure, the structure is simple, the size is small, the metal cladding is formed by chemical plating and electroplating processing, the processing and the installation are convenient, and the assembly structure and the size of the motor are not changed.
3. The invention provides an embedded temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG, which can be used in a multi-physical-field coupled motor by using a sensing principle of a temperature and magnetic field intensity sensor to detect parameters by using a relation between strain and spectrum center wavelength change, and is not influenced by coupling of other parameters except temperature and a magnetic field, and a temperature sensitive support of the sensor plays a role in decoupling an electromagnetic field from temperature, so that the magnetic field detection is not influenced by the temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embedded temperature and magnetic field sensor in a motor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a sensor embedded with silicon steel sheets;
FIG. 3 is a radial sectional view of a silicon steel sheet substrate at a temperature sensitive branch portion;
FIG. 4 is a radial cross-sectional view of a silicon steel sheet substrate at a magnetic field sensitive branch portion.
Wherein: 1. temperature sensitive branches; 11. a first weld metal cladding; 12. a first inductive metal cladding; 13. a first optical fiber; 14. a first fiber grating; 2. a magnetic field sensitive branch; 21. a second weld metal cladding; 22. a second inductive metal cladding; 23. a second optical fiber; 24. a second fiber grating; 3. a silicon steel sheet substrate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the prior art, because the internal structure of the motor is compact, and high-frequency electromagnetic field energy conversion and temperature field coupling are involved in the operation process, the common sensor cannot meet the measurement conditions of the temperature and the magnetic field of the motor due to the size and electromagnetic interference. The application provides an embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG, anti-electromagnetic interference, simple structure, easy embedding part form structure integration.
An embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG (fiber Bragg Grating) is shown in figures 1-4 and comprises a silicon steel sheet substrate 3, a temperature sensitive branch 1 and a magnetic field sensitive branch 2, wherein the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 are adjacently arranged, and a plurality of groups of temperature sensitive branches 1 and magnetic field sensitive branches 2 are centrally and symmetrically distributed among the silicon steel sheet substrate 3.
The embedded type magnetic field sensor is combined with a motor stator silicon steel sheet, the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 are combined and decoupled with each other, and the temperature and the magnetic field intensity can be detected simultaneously.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the temperature sensing branch 1 includes a first optical fiber 13, a first welding metal cladding 11 and a first sensing metal cladding 12, the first welding metal cladding 11 is plated on the front section of the first optical fiber 13, the first sensing metal cladding 12 is plated on the rear section of the first optical fiber, the first welding metal cladding 11 is embedded in the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 by welding, the first sensing metal cladding 12 is disposed on one side of the first welding metal cladding 11, the first sensing metal cladding 12 is exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3, a first fiber grating 14 is disposed on the first optical fiber 13, and the first fiber grating 14 is disposed in the first sensing metal cladding 12.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, the magnetic field sensing branch 2 includes a second optical fiber 23, a second welding metal cladding 21 and a second sensing metal cladding 22, the second welding metal cladding 21 is plated on the front section of the second optical fiber 23, the second sensing metal cladding 22 is plated on the rear section of the second optical fiber, the second welding metal cladding 21 is embedded in the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 by welding, the second sensing metal cladding 22 is disposed on one side of the second welding metal cladding 21, the second sensing metal cladding 22 is exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3, a second fiber grating 24 is disposed on the second optical fiber 23, and the second fiber grating 24 is disposed in the second sensing metal cladding 22.
The sensor is two FBGs with metal claddings, a first optical fiber 13 and a second optical fiber 23 in the sensor are insulated from an electromagnetic field, the thicknesses of a first welding metal cladding 11, a first induction metal cladding 12, a second welding metal cladding 21 and a second induction metal cladding 22 are smaller, the coating length is shorter, so that the brought eddy current loss can be ignored and ignored, and the electromagnetic field of the motor is not disturbed; the sensor is small in overall size, and the motor stator consists of hundreds of silicon steel sheet matrixes 3, so that the percentage of the part, needing to be cut off and replaced, of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 on the outermost layer of the motor stator, of the installed sensor accounts for less than 0.001% of the whole stator silicon steel sheet matrix 3 of the motor, and the influence on the performance of the motor can be ignored and ignored.
Specifically, the thicknesses of the first welding metal cladding 11 and the first induction metal cladding 12 are 150-250 μm, the thicknesses of the second welding metal cladding 21 and the second induction metal cladding 22 are 150-250 μm, the lengths of the first induction metal cladding 12 and the second induction metal cladding 22 are 4-6mm, and the lengths of the first welding metal cladding 11 and the second welding metal cladding 21 are determined according to the size of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 and are about the diameter of the outer circle of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 reduced by the diameter of the inner circle.
In the motor stator, the thickness of one silicon steel sheet matrix 3 is different from 0.35mm to 0.5 mm. In the embodiment of the invention, the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 are clamped between two silicon steel sheet matrixes 3 at the outermost layer, the first fiber bragg grating 14 and the second fiber bragg grating 24 are positioned at the groove teeth of the silicon steel sheet matrixes 3, and the part with the length of about 5mm of the tooth tops of the groove teeth of the silicon steel sheet matrixes is cut off. The length of the part of the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 of the sensor is determined according to the size of the silicon steel sheet, and the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 are fixed in the silicon steel sheet matrix 4 through ultrasonic welding.
Referring to fig. 3, the first weld metal cladding 11 is made of copper metal, and is coated on the surface of the first optical fiber 13 by using chemical plating and electroplating techniques and is embedded in the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 by welding.
Referring to fig. 3, the first sensing metal cladding 12 is made of copper and is coated on the surface of the first optical fiber 13 by using chemical plating and electroplating techniques, and the first fiber grating 14 in the first sensing metal cladding 12 causes the central wavelength to shift by the thermal expansion effect, thereby detecting the temperature change.
Referring to fig. 4, the second weld metal clad 21 is made of copper metal, and is coated on the surface of the second optical fiber 23 using electroless plating and electroplating techniques and embedded in the silicon steel sheet matrix 3 by welding.
Referring to fig. 4, the second sensing cladding 22 is made of nickel and its alloy, and is coated on the surface of the second optical fiber 23 by using chemical plating and electroplating techniques, and the second fiber grating in the second sensing cladding 22 shifts the central wavelength by the magnetostrictive effect, thereby detecting the change of the magnetic field strength.
The first sensing metal cladding 12 copper is used to detect temperature changes and the second sensing metal cladding 22 nickel and its alloys are used to detect magnetic field strength changes. The first fiber grating 14 and the second fiber grating 24 change the wavelength of the transmitted light wave along with the change of the strain of the cladding, and the temperature and the magnetic field intensity are measured through the change of the wavelength.
Referring to fig. 2, in order not to affect the operation of the stator of the motor, the silicon steel sheet base 3 is cut with a plurality of grooves, and each temperature sensitive branch 1 and each magnetic field sensitive branch 2 are respectively welded in one groove.
A plurality of groove teeth on a silicon steel sheet matrix 3 are cut off, grooves are formed in the cut groove teeth of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3, each first welding metal cladding 11 and each second welding metal cladding 21 are respectively welded in one groove, and the first induction metal cladding 12 and the second induction metal cladding 22 are exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet matrix 3.
In the process of measuring the temperature and the magnetic field of the motor, the coating layers of the two FBGs are different, so that the sensitivity degrees of the two FBGs to the temperature and the strain are different, and two equation sets can be jointly solved when the temperature and the strain are solved.
Specifically, let the central wavelength of the temperature sensitive branch 1 fiber grating be λ1The central wavelength of the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 fiber grating is lambda2Then, the central wavelength of the temperature sensitive branch 1 fiber grating and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 fiber grating is changed as follows:
Δλ1＝Kε1Δε1+KT1ΔT
Δλ2＝Kε2Δε2+KT2ΔT
wherein: kε1Sensing the strain sensitive coefficient for the temperature sensitive branch 1;
Kε2sensing the strain sensitivity coefficient for the magnetic field sensitive branch 2;
KT1the temperature sensitive coefficient is sensed by the temperature sensitive branch 1;
KT2the temperature sensitivity coefficient is sensed by the magnetic field sensing branch 2;
Δε1and Δ ε2Respectively the strain changes of the temperature sensitive branch 1 fiber bragg grating and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 fiber bragg grating;
and delta T is the temperature change of the positions of the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2.
Kε1And Kε2Calculated according to stress-strain calibration experiments, KT1And KT2According to the temperature calibration experiment.
Because the temperature sensitive branch 1 is fixed by a cantilever beam structure and is not subjected to any stress, the strain change delta epsilon of the temperature sensitive branch is1Is 0. The strain of the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 fiber grating is caused by the action of the induction metal and the alloy cladding thereof under the action of the magnetic field, and the variable quantity delta epsilon2As a function of the magnetic field strengthAnd (5) obtaining by a calibration experiment.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the embedded temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG is installed at the position of a silicon steel sheet substrate 3 at the outermost layer of a motor stator, the sensor is welded and embedded between the two outermost layers of silicon steel sheets, the sensor induction section is positioned at the position of teeth of the silicon steel sheet stator, and the optical fiber extension section penetrates through a motor end cover and transmits a detection light wave signal to external demodulation equipment.
The sensor induction sections of the temperature sensitive branch 1 and the magnetic field sensitive branch 2 respectively comprise a fiber grating and a metal cladding, and the metal cladding coats copper, nickel and nickel-based alloy on the surface of the fiber grating by adopting chemical plating and electroplating processes. The first sensing metal cladding 12 in the temperature sensing branch 1 is made of copper, is sensitive to temperature response and does not respond to a magnetic field, when the temperature changes, the first sensing metal cladding 12 deforms along the axial direction of the first fiber bragg grating 14 to drive the first fiber bragg grating 14 to change the length in the axial direction, so that the central wavelength of the first fiber bragg grating 14 is caused to drift, and the temperature of the end part of the motor winding is detected by calculating the correlation between the temperature and the central wavelength. The second sensing metal cladding 22 in the magnetic field sensing branch 2 is nickel and its alloy, which is sensitive to the magnetic field strength response and has response to the temperature, when the magnetic field strength or the temperature changes, the second sensing metal cladding 22 deforms along the axial direction of the second fiber grating 24 to drive the second fiber grating 24 to change the length in the axial direction, thereby causing the central wavelength of the second fiber grating 24 to drift, and the magnetic field strength at the end of the motor winding is detected by calculating the correlation between the magnetic field and the central wavelength and combining the temperature sensing branch 1 to decouple the influence of the temperature on the magnetic field sensing branch 2.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor based on FBG which characterized in that: the temperature-sensitive branch and the magnetic field-sensitive branch are adjacently arranged, and a plurality of groups of temperature-sensitive branches and magnetic field-sensitive branches are distributed between the silicon steel sheet matrixes in a centrosymmetric manner;
the temperature sensitive support comprises a first optical fiber, a first welding metal cladding and a first induction metal cladding, the first welding metal cladding is plated on the front section of the first optical fiber, the first induction metal cladding is plated on the rear section of the first optical fiber, the first welding metal cladding is embedded into the silicon steel sheet substrate through welding, the first induction metal cladding is arranged on one side of the first welding metal cladding, the first induction metal cladding is exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet substrate, and a first fiber grating is arranged on the first optical fiber;
the magnetic field sensing branch comprises a second optical fiber, a second welding metal cladding and a second sensing metal cladding, the second welding metal cladding is plated on the front section of the second optical fiber, the second sensing metal cladding is plated on the rear section of the second optical fiber, the second welding metal cladding is embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix through welding, the second sensing metal cladding is arranged on one side of the second welding metal cladding, the second sensing metal cladding is exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet matrix, and a second optical fiber grating is arranged on the second optical fiber.
2. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the first welding metal cladding is made of metal copper, is coated on the surface of the first optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies, and is embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix by welding.
3. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the first sensing metal cladding is made of copper metal and is coated on the surface of the first optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies, and the first fiber bragg grating in the first sensing metal cladding causes central wavelength drift through a thermal expansion effect so as to detect temperature change.
4. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the second welding metal cladding is made of metal copper, is coated on the surface of the second optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies, and is embedded into the silicon steel sheet matrix by welding.
5. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the second sensing metal cladding is made of metal nickel and alloy thereof, and is coated on the surface of the second optical fiber by using chemical plating and electroplating technologies, and the second fiber bragg grating in the second sensing metal cladding enables the central wavelength to drift through the magnetostrictive effect, so that the change of the magnetic field intensity is detected.
6. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the silicon steel sheet matrix is cut with a plurality of grooves, and each temperature sensitive branch and each magnetic field sensitive branch are respectively welded in one groove.
7. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 6, wherein: the multiple groove teeth on one silicon steel sheet substrate are cut off, the grooves are formed in the groove teeth where the silicon steel sheet substrate is cut off, each first welding metal cladding and each second welding metal cladding are welded in one groove respectively, and the first induction metal cladding and the second induction metal cladding are exposed to the inner side of the silicon steel sheet substrate.
8. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 7, wherein: the first weld metal cladding layer and the second weld metal cladding layer have a thickness of 150 to 250 μm.
9. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 7, wherein: the thickness of the first induction metal cladding and the second induction metal cladding is 150-250 mu m, and the length of the first induction metal cladding and the second induction metal cladding is 4-6 mm.
10. The FBG-based embedded motor temperature magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: let the central wavelength of the temperature sensitive branch fiber grating be lambda1The central wavelength of the magnetic field sensitive branch fiber grating is lambda2Then, the central wavelength of the temperature-sensitive branch fiber grating and the magnetic field-sensitive branch fiber grating is changed as follows:
Δλ1＝Kε1Δε1+KT1ΔT
Δλ2＝Kε2Δε2+KT2ΔT
wherein: kε1Sensing a strain sensitive coefficient for the temperature sensitive branch; kε2Sensing a strain sensitive coefficient for the magnetic field sensitive branch; kT1Sensing a temperature sensitive coefficient for the temperature sensitive branch; kT2Sensing a temperature sensitive coefficient for the magnetic field sensitive branch; delta epsilon1And Δ ε2Respectively the strain changes of the temperature sensitive branch fiber bragg grating and the magnetic field sensitive branch fiber bragg grating; and delta T is the temperature change of the positions of the temperature sensitive branch and the magnetic field sensitive branch.
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| DE102013012695A1 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Kme Germany Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for the production of jacketing pipes |
| CN105021308A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method for manufacturing aluminium modification-enhanced fiber bragg grating temperature sensor |
| CN110850528A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-02-28 | 山东华光光电子股份有限公司 | Coupling optical fiber manufacturing method and assembly fixture |
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